Logistics and Supply Chain Management

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Effect of Outsourcing Transport Service on Company Performance: Case of Panafric Global
(Addis Ababa University, 2-06) Tesema Ribka; Temesgen Busha
search design. The researcher included 82 respondents using random sampling. Data was gathered through a questionnaire and the qualitative result was analyzed using mean, percentage, and multiple linear regressions. The study explains the reason Panafric Global was engaged in contracting external transport companies was to reduce cost, capital investment in resources, improve flexibility, and offer service on demand. Further, the result indicates that Panafric Global has gained profit from outsourcing in terms of reducing capital investment and efficient utilization of the company’s assets. But, it also indicated that the company encountered challenges by outsourcing transportation services. Challenges observed in the study were loss of control, information asymmetry, and poor service quality provided by the outside company. In order to improve the company performance, it’s recommended to review the current wor external transporter. Also, it is recommended to build a relationship with the external transporters and monitor the outsourcing practice to examine the risks and benefits from time to time. Finally, it's recommended for the company to arrange training for concerned teams to enable the employees to expand the required skill to manage the contracted companies
Factors Affecting Internal Supply Chain Integration: The case of Cosmar East Africa Business S.C
(Addis Ababa University, 2-07) Duguma Tamrat; Afework Fesseha
In this competitive business environment continuously improving operational performance is a crucial issue for the existence of the organization and preferred by customers in the market. The main objective of this study is to assess factors affecting internal supply chain integration on organization supply chain performance in the Case of Cosmar East Africa Business S.C. taking this view in to account, different challenge and obstacles of internal supply chain integration like luck of organizational structure, luck of top management support, lack of information usage practice and lack of interdepartmental relationship practice were assessed and described in order to meet the basic objective of the research topic. For the theoretical foundation and analysis different literatures was investigated and the research problem was studied through the use of a descriptive research design. Target population in this study was all permanent employees of the company. Since the population is relatively small, the research used census sampling technique. To carry out the study both primary and secondary data was collected. Data collected was purely uantitative and it was analyzed through descriptive analysis and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistical tools such as Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) were employed to analyze the data. Based on the analyzed data and the research finding, the study concluded that the extent of ISCI of the company is low. The result of the analysis also proved that there is strong and significant relationship between internal supply chain integration and supply chain performance. In addition to that ISCI have a strong and positive influence on supply chain performance. The results also indicated that interdepartmental relationship had the highest effect on ISCI & SCP, followed by top management support, information usage practice and organizational structure. Therefore, in order to enhance the level of ISCI and SCP of the company, the study recommends CEABSC should improve the practice of the studied four factors those are negatively affected the company supply chain performance.
Assessment on The Logistics Outsourcing Practice of Commercial Bank of Ethiopia
(Addis Ababa University, 2010-06) Kedir Zeky; Ensermu Matiwos
The purpose of this research is to assess the challenges and prospects of outsourcing the logistics services in commercial bank of Ethiopia and to come up with the possible solution to minimize the existing problems. The study covers Commercial Bank of Ethiopia districts under Addis Ababa and Facilities Manager at the head. In this study descriptive type of research is applied and to get relevant information about the study both primary and secondary data were used. The findings of the study show that the outsourced services enabled the bank to save managers time, give more attention for the core functions of the bank rather than non core areas and expand its branch aggressively. On the contrary defining Service Level Agreement, selecting the right vendor, loss of direct controlling and measuring service qualities were the challenges of the bank as the result of outsourced services. Thus, the performance of the service provider was not as per service level agreement. Finally, it is recommended that commercial bank of Ethiopia should deal with the service provider to revise the service level The bank also need to follow up the service quality as per Service Level Agreement. In conclusion, the bank has outsourced some of its activities expecting many benefits out of it. It has benefited in concentrating on core banking activities, but it has not been benefited as much as expected. It also faced different challenges but tries to mitigate those challenges by using different strategies or mechanisms. Based on the findings of the study, the research recommended that the bank has to concentrate on diversifying the type of services to be outsourced, the service providing company and strategies to mitigate challenges in order to gain the demanded benefits out of outsourcing.
Effect of Cold Chain Management Practices on Availability of Vaccines: The Case of Health Centers under Addis Ababa City Administration Health Bureau
(Addis Ababa University, 2016-05) Bacha Tiya; Ensermu Matiwos
This research was designed to assess the effect of cold chain management practices on availability of vaccines: the case of health centers under Addis Ababa city administration health bureau. The study used a quantitative methodology with explanatory study design to generate answers to the research questions. Primary data were collected through questionnaire from cold chain responsible personnel in selected health centers. To determine the sample size for selecting health centers the researcher employed a sample determination formula developed by Cochran in 1963. In order to select the respondents, the study used probability sampling method specifically simple random sampling. Accordingly, an aggregate of 71 respondents were selected and participated in this study and out of these, data were obtained from 62 respondents. Data collected through questionnaire were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency and mean. As an aside, correlation was used so as to assess the relationship between cold chain management practices and availability of vaccines. Multiple regression equation was used to test the hypothesis of research. The findings of the study revealed that all the components of cold chain management practices and also availability of vaccines were rated average except information system. The regression analysis revealed that storage and distribution practices have significant positive effect on the availability of vaccines. On the other hand technical capacity and information system were found to have no significant effect on the availability of vaccines. In order to improve the availability of vaccines in the health centers the researcher recommend to FMOH and other concerning bodies to focus on all distribution and storage practices. Among the recommendations, using electronic databases such as Health Commodities Management Information System (HCMIS), accelerating the transition of vaccine supply chain responsibility from the Federal Ministry of Health to the Pharmaceuticals Fund and Supply Agency, purchasing more cold chain equipments are some to mention. On top of that, the researcher recommend others to conduct similar research by expanding their scope to include private and other governmental health facilities and also to find out actual vaccine wastage
Factors Affecting Effectiveness of Facility Management: In the Case of Commercial Bank of Ethiopia
(Addis Ababa University, 2016-05) Alebachew Fasika; Markos Solomon
Effective, Efficient and Comfortable working environment improves perceived satisfaction of facility users, their quality of work life and their wellbeing which in turn improves their performance to achieving organizational goals Thus, to gauge the effectiveness of facility management, it is necessary to reach an understanding of the current conditions of the facility and to postulate changes in facility management practices in order to achieve the desired performance. Therefore, this study intends to identify factors affecting effectiveness of facilities management in the case of Commercial Bank of Ethiopia. Descriptive research method particularly survey design approach was adopted for the study. The survey was conducted with Head office staffs of Commercial Bank of Ethiopia using questionnaire. The study used a two stage disproportionate stratified random sampling technique to select 180 representative samples from the total population. A Balanced Score Card concept was used to determine the existing level of effectiveness of facilities management. With support of IBM SPSS 20, a descriptive statistical analysis was conducted to generate the results. The study findings show that Facility Management had not given due regard to cost effectiveness & quality in obtaining goods and services, it has no consistency in ensuring demand will be met satisfactorily and economically, it does not have a systematic measurement for its internal processes to check and ensure quality outputs, and it does not have a disciplined organizational learning system that effectively captures internal & external best practices & lessons learned from operations. This indicates that the current level of facility management is less effective when compared to where it supposed to be. According to this study findings, the most important issues in assessment of the level of effectiveness of existing facility management and determination of those factors affecting FM effectiveness is to streamline the root causes for this level of effectiveness. In this case findings suggest that Facility Management of CBE needs to control and properly manage these eight critical success factors such as:- Leadership, Facility Strategic & Operational Planning, Customer Focus, Process Management, Assessment & Information Analysis, and Development & Management of Human Resources, Performance Result and Supply Chain Management in way that the process improves its performance and get benefited through process efficiency & effectiveness
Factors Affecting Supply Chain Performance in Construction Sector: the Case of RAMA Construction PLC
(Addis Ababa University, 2017-01) Amare Mulugeta; Ensermu Mathewos
This research aims at assessing factors that affect supply chain performance in the construction sector, the case of RAMA Construction PLC, in Ethiopia. Based on literature reviews, the study identified four factors that affect the supply chain performance. These include information sharing, supplier buyer relationship, human resource, and customer orientation on one hand and an outcome, supply chain performance (Efficiency and Effectiveness) on the other hand. The hypothesis of the study was the supply chain factors (independent variables) affect the supply chain performance (dependent variable) of RAMA Construction PLC. The research design is made based on descriptive and explanatory research approaches. Both primary and secondary data were used throughout this research. For primary data, both structured and semi structured type questionnaires were prepared. Interviews and focused group discussions were made to collect more qualitative information. The study used non-probability sampling techniques to select individuals who were interviewed and those who took part in focus group discussions. 74 questionnaires were distributed to the respondents and 64 were filled and returned. It shows a response rate of 88.9%. On top of this, assumption tests and hypothesis test were made. The results of this study indicate that the information sharing, customer orientation, supplier buyer relationship, and human resource affect the supply chain performance to a significant extent, which is consistent with similar researches. These factors explain 60.1% of supply chain performance, while the rest 39.9% is explained by other factors which are not subject to this study. It therefore recommends that the use of information technology be enhanced so as to deliver success in the performance of it supply chain, customer orientation should also be focused in and it has to enhance its relationship with key suppliers and subcontractors, and competence of employees should be promoted to improve the supply chain performance of RAMA Construction Plc. Research limitation and future research areas are also discussed
The Effect of Strategic Sourcing Practice on Operational Efficiency: The Case of Ethiopian Airlines
(2017-02) Birru Fasil; Birhanu
The objective of this study is to analyze the effect of strategic sourcing practice on operational efficiency, the case of Ethiopian Airlines and further determine the extent of Ethiopian Airlines strategic sourcing practice and operational efficiency. The study used descriptive as well as explanatory research designs. In this study, probability sampling method is used. In order to undertake this research, by using simple random sampling techniques sample size at confidence level of 95% and 3% margin of error which is the amount of error from difference in the responses the researcher can tolerate when drawing a conclusion from the data. Primary type of data was collected with the help of open and close ended questionnaires and the collected data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. . In order to examine the relationships between the variables Pearson’s correlation were used. And to determine the effect of strategic sourcing practice on operational efficiency multiple linear regression analysis were used. Finally the research comes up with the following findings. According to Pearson’s correlation rest it was found the relationship between Ethiopian Airlines strategic sourcing practice and operational efficiency; there is a positive and strong relationship between Strategic Elevation of Purchasing Function and Contract Management practice and all component of supply chain efficiency. There is a positive and moderate relationship between supplier development practice and all component of supply chain efficiency. There is positive and very strong relationship between Supplier Relationship Management practice and all component of operational efficiency. Finally the study concluded that the strategic sourcing practice of Ethiopian Airlines is good except Suppler Development and that strategic sourcing practice has a significant effect on operational efficiency. At last the study recommends that Ethiopian Airlines Procurement and supply chain division needs to improve supplier development practice
Assessment of Supply Chain Collaboration in Tourism Industry: Tour Operators’ Perception from Ethiopia
(Addis Ababa University, 2017-02) Berhanu Tigist; Belayneh Temesgen
This is a research conducted on assessment of supply chain collaboration in Ethiopian tour operation. It is conducted with the general objectives of investigating the existing level of supply chain collaboration in Ethiopian tour operation and to identify its effect on the performance and competitiveness of the industry. To address the stated research questions, the study employed nonexperimental survey type research design. Data were collected from both primary and secondary sources; primary data were collected though structured and unstructured questionnaires and secondary data document analysis were made. The study employed probability sampling techniques to select the participant tour operators. Accordingly, 222 respondents were selected and participated in the study and out of these, data were obtained from 192 respondents. In order to assess the relationship between the three supply chain collaboration variables, competitive advantage and organizational performance. Correlation models was used. And Regression is followed to evaluate the direction of the relationship. Data analysis revealed that tour operators with high supply chain collaboration have high competitive advantage and high performance. Following these results, recommendations are given to improve supply chain collaboration in the tourism operation. This study is expected to contribute to the improvement of the competitiveness and performance of tour operation thorough supply chain collaboration
Effects of Sourcing Strategy on Outbound Logistics Performance, in The Case of Ethiopian Airlines
(Addis Ababa University, 2017-03) Temesgen Samuel; Denu Birhanu
Ethiopian airlines is getting its part and component requirement through component exchange program service providers. However, due to lack of integration among stakeholders and poor execution of component exchange program agreement Ethiopian airlines being paying hundred thousands of dollars. Consequently, the objective of this research is to identify and examine the in component exchange program sourcing and to draw their effect on the performance of outbound logistics. A lot of literatures were reviewed empirically to produce a set of concepts and factors about sourcing and logistics integration and its effect on the performance of outbound logistics. From the total of 180 populations 153 participants selected and a total of 153 questionnaires were distributed to Aircraft mechanics, Procurement and Logistics officers, and section team leaders. The raw data captured by questionnaire in word format were then converted into statistical software package for Social Science version 10 and analyzed quantitatively. The research finding shows despite the fact that component exchange program sourcing strategy is one of the best sourcing strategy in aviation industry, there is a significant disintegration between sourcing and logistics department which result poor execution. It also disclosed that the 7 days agreed lead time for core return and different terms and conditions stipulated on the agreement doesn’t consider the competency and capability of outbound logistics section. To bring the required level of operational efficiency all component exchange program stakeholders should work together. In particular utmost collaboration and integration required among sourcing and logistics section from the inception of component exchange program agreement through execution
Evaluating Service Quality of Ethiopian Shipping and Logistics Services Enterprise
(Addis Ababa University, 2017-03) Getachew Kalkidan; Assefa Teklegiorgis
The aim of this paper is to evaluating the service quality of Ethiopian Shipping and Logistics Service Enterprise. The study has incorporated both primary and secondary data. Moreover, this study used both qualitative and quantitative research methods as a primary source of data. Quantitative data was collected through questionnaires from 282 respondents. The research participants were selected through a non probability judgmental sampling technique. The study incorporated both descriptive and inferential statistics for analyzing the collected data from respondents. The results are presented in both tables and figures. The outcomes of this study show that the multimodal transportation service rendered by Ethiopian Shipping and Logistics Services Enterprise is still expected to go a long way to improve the quality of its service to improve the service experience of its customers. Furthermore, the study revealed that the enterprise has got a relatively higher score in reliability dimensions while the service cost competitiveness and trade assistance dimension got below average score. Based on the findings, it’s been recommended that the enterprise should develop key performance indicators to measure if service is performed as promised, use real time cargo track & tracing system, develop a continuous self-development program, open a special desk which handles the enquiries of customers with special needs, prepare a convenient customer waiting area, increase the types of trade assistance it provides and cover more ports with adequate frequency
Assessment of Supply Chain Performance - The Case of Ethio Telecom
(Addis Ababa University, 2017-04) Basha Iman; Ensermu Matiwos
The objective of this study is to assess supply chain performance of ethio telecom. The study used descriptive as well as explanatory research designs. In this study, census and judgmental sampling method for quantitative and qualitative methods were used respectively. Primary type of data was collected with the help of standard questionnaires and semi structured interview. In order to examine the relationships between the variables, Pearson’s correlation and multiple linear regression analysis were used. The research comes up with the following findings. Although strategic supplier partnership is the key factor that has a strong positive relationship and highest effect on supply chain performance followed by customer relationship and information sharing in this study, the level of practice is not at a strong level yet. Furthermore, the result from the interview confirms that ethio telecom has supply chain management challenges related to inventory management, delivery & customer response time, inadequate planning, and communication. The supply chain management practice of ethio telecom is weak; it is not well managed, and implemented to get the maximum possible benefits resulting from effective supply chain management. Finally ethio telecom should engage in training of the work force and developing supply chain management skills through workshops and systematic training programmes and promote learning from relevant successful experiences in this area
Assessment of Logistics Practice in Project Context: The case of Ethio Telecom Expansion Project (TEP)
(Addis Ababa University, 2017-04) Woubshet Mesay; Ensermu Matiwos
Most authors agree that project management is about achieving time, cost and quality targets, within the context of overall strategic and tactical client requirements, by using project resources. Some degree of risk always exists in the project, such as in technical, test, logistics, production, engineering, and other areas. With this in mind, this research aims to assess the logistics practice in project context, the case of Telecom Expansion Project (TEP). Based on ethio telecom’s logistics responsibility and literature reviews, the study identified four logistic factors for the assessment. These includes: warehouse, transportation, customs clearance and integration. The researcher used survey questionnaire and open ended interview to collect data from respondents that have been part of the expansion project. To select respondents, both probability and non-probability sampling techniques have been used. The data analysis is conducted through descriptive, correlation and multiple regression statistical technique using Statistical Package for the Social Science software (SPSS). The analysis and findings show that the transportation management system of the company has resulted in inefficient logistics practice. Warehouses were also inefficient in space utilization and performance and productivity of the warehouses suffered as the operations were manually carried. To some level, special permit from statutory bodies/agencies, and high loading down time at the port of Djibouti have been identified as unreasonable source of clearance delays. Further the finding revealed that project performance can be predicted from logistics factors. Finally the study recommended that consideration of logistics factors needs early involvement in the project design phase. Furthermore, since the telecom projects are relatively big and spend a lot of money on logistics, smaller improvements can generate large savings.
Practices on Competitive Advantage in The Case of Moha Soft Drinks Industry
(Addis Ababa University, 2017-05) Adbaru Tigist; Assefa Teklegiorgis
Today, more and more companies are succeeding not because they have the lowest priced product and not because they have the highest-quality or best-performing product, but because they are able to respond quickly to market needs and get the right product to the right customer at the right time. This shift toward speed has forced companies to ask what creates the level of speed that customers are demanding. When this question is examined, the answer for most companies lies to a large extent outside their own boundaries. The purpose of this research is to assess the level of supply chain practice, its impact and association with the company’s competitive advantage. Supplier relationship, Customer relationship, Level of information sharing, quality of information and internal lean practice were identified among the dimensions of SCM practices. And also only service quality is taken as the dimension of competitive advantage. Self-administrated questionnaire was distributed to the sample of 112 Factory’s employees at different level, 200 retailers, 22 distribution centers (depots) and 7 suppliers and out of which 92,161, 22 and 7 questionnaire respectively were returned. Carvalho’s Sample Size Determination, simple random and convenient sampling technique were used. The response rate was 84%. The analyses involved statistical methods such as reliability tests and descriptive statistics to measure frequency distribution of response rate and chi square test. The findings show that the case company adopted some part of supply chain management practices well while some part at a lesser extent. Besides, the hypothesis test result indicated that there is significant evidence to conclude there is association between supply chain management practices and competitive advantage. Finally the researcher recommended that robust emphasis should be given for customer complaint handling service issue, the case company should improve its Customer and supplier relationship through proper information sharing, develop formal response procedure for customer service issues and monitor level of customer satisfaction and establish means to involve selected core materials suppliers in goal setting and measure their contribution for the company’s profit.
The Effect of Supply Chain Management Practices on Competitive Advantage of Habesha Brewery S.Co
(Addis Ababa University, 2017-05) Abera Zelalem; Jebena Tariku
Supply chain management (SCM) is the means by which firms engaged in creating, distributing, and selling products, can join forces to establish a supply network with an unbeatable competitive advantage-has emerged as one of the most powerful business- improvement tools around Companies all over the world are pursuing supply chain as the latest methodology to reduce costs, increase customer satisfaction, better utilize assets, and build new revenues. This research conceptualizes and develops five dimensions of SCM practice (strategic supplier partnership, customer relationship, level of information sharing, quality of information sharing, and internal lean practices) and tests the effect of SCM practices on competitive advantage of a firm. The data for the study was collected from 80 employees of Habesha Brewery S.CO. The relationship.ps proposed in the framework were tested using Pearson correlation, and the causal relations were analyzed using regression analysis. From the result of the analysis it is concluded that there is strong relationship between SCM practices and overall Competitive advantage with Pearson correlation coefficient 0.864 (r=0.864) and significance value less than 0.001. Besides, SCM practices have an influence on overall competitive advantage. Therefore, in order to achieve advancement in marketing and financial performance in the long-run through enhancing overall competitive advantage, it is better for the organization to give due emphasis to the constructs of SCM practices
Supply Chain & Logistics Synergies in Post-Merger Environment: The Case of Ethiopian Construction Corporation
(Addis Ababa University, 2017-05) Atakilty Yemane; Jebena Tariku
Mergers and acquisitions represent a major source of organizational change and are closely related to the strategic focus. Synergies or rather the absence of synergies has been blamed for many failures in regards to mergers and acquisitions In this context, mergers and acquisitions are likely to become an even more important consideration in strategic planning and implementation. The data for the study was collected from 32 employees of ECWC. The relationships proposed in the framework were tested using Pearson correlation, and the causal relations were analyzed using regression analysis. From the result of the analysis it is concluded that there is strong relationship between realized synergies, strategic combination benefits and organizational integration. Besides, pre-merger strategic decision making of strategic combination benefits and strategic fit & post-merger integration has also an influence on post-merger synergy realization. Therefore, in order to realize merger synergies executives needs to carefully articulate combination potential & fit to maximize maximum business potential and most importantly organizational integration is a critical accelerator in capturing M&A synergies
An Assessment of Coffee Supply Chain Management Practices of Cooperatives:The Case of Guji And West Guji Zones, Oromia, Ethiopia.
(Addis Ababa University, 2017-05) Duloma Haro; Jebena Tariku
Supply chain management practice in every sector (manufacturing, agriculture, construction, service etc) of Ethiopia, has arms length relationship and have rivalry relationship and compete among each other instead of cooperation, (Matiwos,2015 ).Lack of the understanding and adoption of the supply chain management concept and principles were stated as the statement of the problem of the research. In this study both quantitative methods was adopt to investigate the supply chain management practice. The purpose was to assess coffee supply chain management practices of the cooperatives in the case of Gujii and West Guji zones from farmers to export stage. Both sources of the data were used to collect the data from the three partners (farmers, primary cooperatives and cooperatives union) that involved in coffee supply chain. At the end, Statistical Package for Social Sciences was used to explain, understand and summarize data that was collected from partners. SCM practices, the case of the coffee supply chain management practice of cooperative has a great problem on understanding of supply chain management concept, training and IT practices at the different stage. Level of partners that understand the concept of supply chain management score mean values are 2.3, 2.3&2.1 respectively. 2.4, 2.71 & 2.5 are the groups mean values of survey that collected from the three partners respectively and 2.7 & 2.4 are the mean values of the cooperatives union and primary cooperatives respectively. Supply Chain Management is the implementation of a supply chain orientation across suppliers and customers. Companies implementing SCM must first have a supply chain orientation, (mentzer’et al, 2001).Create awareness is first step for practice supply chain management effectively, so each partners of coffee cooperative supply chain must work on the supply chain orientation
An Assessment of the Effect of Supply Chain Management Practices on Organizational Performance in the case of Modern Building Industries PLC
(Addis Ababa University, 2017-05) Mengesha Eyob; Mitiku Shiferaw
The main purpose of conducting this study was to investigate the understanding, practical implementation of Supply chain management practices towards organizational performance in Modern Building Industries PLC, a member of MIDROC Technology Group. Five key dimensions of Supply chain management practices (strategic supplier partnership, customer relationship, quality and level of information sharing and lean practices) were used as independent variables accompanied by different measurement instruments under each variable, while market and operational/financial performance variables were used to measure the organizational performance. Data were obtained via questionnaires from a sample of 121employees which worked in different functional area. Quantitative methods were applied to analyze data. Chi-square test was used to assess the understanding and practical implementation of Supply chain management practices in Modern Building Industries PLC, while Spearman’s correlation and Kruskal Wallis test were used to examine the relationship between supply chain management practices and organizational performance. From the study findings, it showed majority of Modern Building Industries PLC employees not understood the concept of implementing Supply chain management practices. The level of practical implementation was at moderate extent. In addition to organizational performance, the result showed that Supply chain management practices of degree and quality of information sharing and lean practices were positively related to organizational performance in a weak level, while strategic supplier partnership and customer relationship were not related. Finally the researcher made some recommendations for further studies in the field of supply chain management practices implementation.
Assessment of Internal Supply Chain Performance of Textile Industry in Ethiopia
(Addis Ababa University, 2017-05) Ayele Eskinder; Mitiku Shiferaw
This study assessed the internal supply chain performance of Ethiopian textile industry with key performance indicators namely Quality, cost, productivity and time. Possessing to the small number of the total population, the study has employed census survey to quantitatively and qualitatively assess the supply chain performance of textile industries. Questionnaire was used as the official instrument of data collection. A total of 68 questionnaries were distributed and 60 of them were filled and returned to make the response rate 88%.Major findings suggested that all the four dimensions of supply chain performance have statistically significant result. The study findings have suggested that the levels of Supply chain performance is approximately moderate in the case of Textile industries in Ethiopia in terms of the four key performance indicators. It has also discovered that, among the four key performance indicator, measurement of the supply chain performance based on dimension of productivity is comparatively in a better position in the textile companies. This study gives special insights regarding performance of the supply chain management and its need in improving the business activities in textile industry of Ethiopia. Future studies can take other factors affecting on performance of SCM those are not considered in this study. With the help of these results organizations can use best approaches to improve their supply chain strategies.
Assessment on the Determining Factors of Letters of Credit Effectiveness: Perception Survey on Trade Services and International Banking Staffs of Commercial Bank of Ethiopia (CBE)
(Addis Ababa University, 2017-05) Girma Banchalem; Bogale Mengistu
Letter of credit has become widely used in international trade as the payment instrument. Letter of credit is the life-blood of international commerce. This study aimed to assess the determining factors of letters of credit effectiveness in the process of import and export practices of CBE. Employing content analysis, this study found that 35% of trade documents contained discrepancies and did not comply with terms and conditions of letter of credit, 53% of documents contained discrepancies and did not comply with the ambiguity of context of the Uniform Customs and Practice 600 and only 12 % of discrepancy of trade finance documents originated from clerical errors. The correlation relation test showed that formation place r (90) =.680, p<.01, place of payment r (90) =.667, p<.01, language and currency r (90) =.728 p<.01and documentary condition r (90) =.684, p<.01 had statistically significant relationship with LC effectiveness. To this end, with the support of multivariate analysis, result showed that formation place (0.00010), place of payment (0.00005), language and currency (0.00002), and documentary condition (0.00003) statistically affects LC effectiveness. Banks that facilitate international trade as a major financial institution in goods and service including payment processing for merchandise shipped and services rendered, layouts funds for buyer and seller, and give professional advices to traders specially accurately rendering foreign banking services to facilitate the country's international trade.
Assessment of Vehicle Disposal Method (End-of-Life Vehicles): In The Case of Defense Vehicles Administration Service Department
(Addis Ababa University, 2017-05) Wereta Solomon; Denu Birhanu
The purpose of this study was to assess the vehicle disposal method (end-of-life vehicles) in the case of defense vehicles administration service department .For this purpose a sample of 20managers and 122employees’ respondents were drawn through simple random sampling technique. Self administrative questionnaires and document analysis were used to gather data. Data obtained through questionnaire has been analyzed with descriptive statics (mean and frequency). The study revealed that the method of disposing unused vehicles in defense vehicle administration hasn’t simple and clear method of dispose vehicles. Findings indicated that the majority of the respondents were acknowledging the practice of vehicle disposal conducted by DVAS. Disposal of vehicles without techniques, directive and scientific method However, there were challenges and limitations. Inadequate training for employees, insufficient store, and lack of knowledge to dispose unused vehicles were some of the major problems of disposing vehicles. The study concluded that the organization should using techniques Therefore, it has been recommended that vehicle administration service shall be use techniques to dispose unused vehicles shall be planned and designed systematically in order to address these constraints. It is also important the courses shall be delivered based on the managers and employees educational level. Thus, it has been recommended that the training and development need assessment need to be properly conducted and training policy, guide line, manuals, producers and structures shall be developed in order to conduct effective unused vehicles disposal. Generally, the study suggested that the method of disposing unused vehicles have to be strategic and systematic in order to achieve the desired objectives.

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