AAU Institutional Repository (AAU-ETD)
Addis Ababa University Institutional repository is an open access repository that collects,preserves, and disseminates scholarly outputs of the university. AAU-ETD archives' collection of master's theses, doctoral dissertations and preprints showcase the wide range of academic research undertaken by AAU students over the course of the University's long history.
How to Submit Your Work
The repository contains scholarly work, both unpublished and published, by current or former AAU faculty, staff, and students, including Works by AAU students as part of their masters, doctoral, or post-doctoral research
- All AAU faculty, staff, and students are invited to submit their work to the repository. Please contact the library at your college.
You may contact digirep@aau.edu.et.with any questions about the repository
Colleges,Institutes in AAU-ETD
Select a college,institute to browse its collections.
Recent Submissions
Magnitude, clinical profile and associated factors of childhood and adolescence vitiligo
(Addis Ababa Uinverstiy, 2025) Bizuayehu Goshime; Messay Tesfaye; Miheretu Woldeyes
Vitiligo is a chronic autoimmune depigmenting disorder that significantly impacts
quality of life, especially in children and adolescents. Although studies from other regions indicate
varying prevalence and clinical patterns, there is scarce data on the epidemiology and clinical
profile of childhood vitiligo in Ethiopia, particularly from tertiary referral centers.
Objective: To assess the magnitude, clinical profile, and associated factors of childhood and
adolescent vitiligo at ALERT Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from May to October 2025. All
children under 18 years diagnosed with vitiligo were consecutively enrolled. Data on socio demographics, clinical features, family history, and treatment were collected using a structured
questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were computed using SPSS version 27.
Results: Among 1,694 pediatric dermatology patients, 61 were diagnosed with vitiligo, giving a
prevalence of 3.6%. The mean age was 9.28 ± 3.80 years, with a female predominance (65.6%).
The duration of vitiligo at presentation ranged from 1 to 84 months, with a mean of 25.61 ± 20.51
months. Vitiligo vulgaris (44.3%) was the most common subtype, followed by mucosal vitiligo
(29.5%). The head and neck region was the most frequent initial site (45.9%). (14.7%) had a
positive family history, and trauma was most common (8.2%) precipitating factor. Familial atopy
was reported in 6.6% of cases.
Conclusion: Vitiligo constituted a significant proportion (3.6%) of pediatric dermatology cases,
highlighting its relative frequency in children. It mainly affected school-aged children, with a
female predominance. Delayed presentation was common, indicating possible barriers to early
care. Vitiligo vulgaris was the most prevalent subtype, and the head and neck were the most
commonly involved initial sites. The presence of family history, trauma, and familial atopy
suggests a role of genetic and environmental factors. Early diagnosis and appropriate
management are crucial to limit disease progression and psychosocial impact, underscoring the
need for heightened clinical awareness and tailored management strategies for childhood vitiligo
in Ethiopia
Barriers to Primary School Enrollment: A Study on Equitable Access to Education in Benshangul-Gumuz Regional State of Ethiopia
(Addis Ababa University, 2025-06) Sosina Wondwossen; Teshome Tafesse
This study examines the barriers to primary school enrollment and attendance in three woredas of Benshangul- Gumuz Regional State: Bilidigilu, Pawe, and Mandura. Although Ethiopia has achieved national progress in education, these areas remain significantly underserved, particularly in girls’ participation. The study adopts a mixed-methods design, using household-level data from UNICEF (n=399) and 30 key informant interviews (KIIs) with parents, educators, and community leaders. A Heckman two-step model was employed to account for selection bias, distinguishing factors influencing initial enrollment from those affecting continued attendance. Quantitative findings show that school costs, child labor, and child marriage significantly reduce enrollment, while lack of WASH facilities, inadequate classrooms, and language barriers negatively affect attendance. Qualitative data reinforced these patterns, revealing themes of economic vulnerability, low perceived return on education, and cultural norms restricting girls’ schooling. The study concludes that policy responses must integrate targeted household support, infrastructure improvement, and gender-sensitive community engagement. These interventions are essential to advancing inclusive education and achieving SDG 4 in marginalized and conflict-affected settings.
Eggshell Powder and Waste Soda-Lime Glass Powder as a Partial Cement Replacement Material in Mortar
(Addis Ababa University, 2026-02-01) Faiza Yasin; Esayas G/Yohannes
In current situation where the need for cement is scaling up and the world is wisely using waste materials in to useful products, this research proposes potential poultry and domestic
waste (Eggshell) and industrial and domestic waste (Soda-lime glass) as a partial cement replacing material for the construction industry.
The eggshell samples were collected from Mojo and the soda-lime glass where collected from households then grinded until all the particles passed 150 µm sieve and then their chemical properties were investigated. From the complete silicate analysis test result it is found that eggshell is reach in calcium oxide or lime and soda-lime glass is reach in silica. And the XRD
test result showed, the eggshell has 47.87% crystalline and 52.13% amorphous property and the soda-lime glass has pure amorphous property.
For the flow and compressive strength test a total of 414 mortar cubes were utilized. The mortar cubes were done by replacing OPC with eggshell powder and soda-lime glass powder
in 23 different mixes according to the ASTM using 0.485 water to cement ratio and 1:2.75 cement to sand content.
The property of mixes at fresh state showed that, workability increases as ESP and SLGP increases. The results of mortar at hardened state also showed that, 2.5%SLGP + 7.5%ESP,
5% SLGP + 5%ESP, 7.5%SLGP + 2.5%ESP and 10% SLGP replacement with OPC have applicable compressive strength value relative to the control sample throughout the tests
period i.e. 7, 28 and 56 days curing in 20°c. The result also shows 2.5%SLGP + 7.5%ESP, 5% SLGP + 5%ESP, 7.5%SLGP + 2.5%ESP and 10% SLGP replacement with OPC have
applicable compressive strength value relative to the control sample throughout the tests period i.e. 7 and 28 days curing in 60°c. However the control still shows higher value at 56
days curing in 60°c. Even if the control tends to have a higher compressive strength at later age, 2.5%SLGP + 7.5%ESP, 5% SLGP + 5%ESP, 7.5%SLGP + 2.5%ESP and 10% SLGP
replacements could be used as an optimum mix.
Investigation of Urban Drainage in Addis Ababa, the Case of Addis Ketema Sub City
(Addis Ababa University, 2025-12-01) Abdurahiman Nesiru; Geremew Sahilu
Urban areas often face storm water management issues because the impermeable surfaces of roads, buildings and pavements do not allow for infiltration and lead to increased volumes of runoff and flooding. Cities in Ethiopia experience intense seasonal rainfall such as Addis Ababa. Addis Ketema sub city us particularly prone to flooding during the rain moths.
This research investigates the significant causes of flooding and assesses peak runoff for multiple sub-catchments in various return periods. By applying storm water management model, it also assesses the existing drainage system performance under varied runoff conditions. Hydrological study, filed survey and questionnaire were used to gather the required data. The
study utilized software and L-moment methods to choose an appropriate probability distribution that would help determine runoff with a return period of 2, 5, 10, and 25 years. Further analysis
consisted of IDF curves preparation, geospatial mapping with Google earth pro and hydrologic model. The study indicates that the primary causes of flooding are sediment build-up, lack of proper maintenance of drainage facilities, and widely spaced or blocked inlets as well as under sized drainage pipes. .Runoff during 2, 5, 10, and 25 years return periods was majorly traced from
sub catchments such as Awtobis Tera, ZZZ Foreign Employments, Addis Ketema Young Center and other vulnerable points. These areas produce a significant amount of runoff at junctions and
conduits of drainage systems. Simulation storm water management models should incorporate low impact development interventions including green roofs, permeable pavements and bio-retention cells as per the study recommendation based on the result. The updated model outputs show that low impact development measures reduce peak discharge and flooding, which supported by comparative hydrographs and tabulated results. The hydrologic and hydraulic components of the model were calibrated and validated using observed rainfall and flow measurements. Performance metric show strong reliability, including Nash-Sutcliffe value of0.74 during calibration and 0.86 during validation and coefficient of determination (R2
) values of 0.55 and 0.94 respectively. Overall, these results confirm that the model provides dependable predictions for storm water behavior within the study area.
Probabilistic Impact Assessment of Traffic Overload on Bridge Structural Capacity: a Case Study Approach
(Addis Ababa University, 2025-12-01) Gebyaw Amare; Abrham Gebre
This study investigates the effects caused by traffic overload on bridge superstructures, especially with regards to heavy vehicles. The critical thresholds with regards to heavy traffic are discussed, taking into consideration parameters such as traffic flow and characteristics and types and patterns of overload. The work also considers design standards and bridge materials.
The methodology would commence with identification of some bridges in Ethiopia that are faced with varying degrees of traffic overload. And to get this study off the ground, data was collected from 38,188 truckloads of traffic at weigh stations managed by the Ethiopian Roads Administration in those regions that record high traffic flow of heavy vehicles.
Using the R statistical software, a probabilistic loading process was generated. This involved the examination of the material properties of key components as well as the design parameters of a chosen bridge. Probabilistic axle loads were analyzed to assess the impact on the existing bridge’s capacity.
A simulation program was developed to determine static overload influence on a particular type of three-span simply-supported box-girder bridge (Mille. 3 bridge). The extreme values of the load effects for various return-period values were computed with statistical extrapolation methods.
By using the First Order Reliability Method (FORM), reliability indices (β) can be determined in order to calculate the probability of failure regarding flexural and shear modes.
The findings contribute to performance-based management in bridges, considering the impact of real-life overloaded traffic on structural reliability in relation to the life cycle maintenance approach in accordance with AASHTO LRFD/ERA.