AAU Institutional Repository (AAU-ETD)
Addis Ababa University Institutional repository is an open access repository that collects,preserves, and disseminates scholarly outputs of the university. AAU-ETD archives' collection of master's theses, doctoral dissertations and preprints showcase the wide range of academic research undertaken by AAU students over the course of the University's long history.
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The repository contains scholarly work, both unpublished and published, by current or former AAU faculty, staff, and students, including Works by AAU students as part of their masters, doctoral, or post-doctoral research
- All AAU faculty, staff, and students are invited to submit their work to the repository. Please contact the library at your college.
You may contact digirep@aau.edu.et.with any questions about the repository
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Recent Submissions
Prevalence of postpartum depression and associated factors among post cesarean section women visiting postnatal clinic.
(Addis Ababa Uinverstiy, 2025) Zebiba Ashenafi; Sisay Teklu
Background: One of the biggest health issues in the world, postpartum depression (PPD), can
negatively impact mothers, their babies, and their families. Unfortunately, psychological issues
have received little attention in developing nations like Ethiopia when it comes to screening,
diagnosis, and treatment.
Objective: To assess the prevalence and associated factors of postpartum depression among post
cesarean women visiting postnatal clinic at three teaching hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in a hospital. A structured questionnaire
administered by an interviewer was used to gather data between January 1st, 2025, and March
31st, 2025. Depression symptoms were measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression
Scale, which was locally pre-validated. SPSS version 26 was used to enter and analyse the data.
Using descriptive analysis, the prevalence of postpartum depression was determined. Bivariate
and multivariable regression analyses were employed to determine the variables associated with
postpartum depression. P-values below 0.05 will be considered significant. The 95% confidence
interval (CI) and odds ratio (OR) were computed.
Results: Postpartum depression was found to be 38% common in women who had caesarean
sections. PPD was significantly correlated with a number of factors. Compared to women aged
18–24, those aged 25–34 had a lower risk of developing PPD (AOR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.25–0.95).
Women who were illiterate (AOR = 1.4, 95% CI: 1.29–4.59), had unintended but desired
pregnancies (AOR = 5.3, 95% CI: 1.08–26.64), were multiparous (AOR = 5.5, 95% CI: 2.82–
10.64) or grand multiparous (AOR = 5.9, 95% CI: 2.41–14.61), had mothers who gave birth to
female babies (AOR = 2.8, 95% CI: 1.74–4.65), and had low social support (AOR = 3.4, 95%
CI: 1.15–10.28) were all associated with increased odds of PPD.
Conclusion: The high prevalence of PPD among women delivered by CS indicates the need for
routine mental health screening during the postnatal period. Special attention should be given to
women with limited education, unplanned pregnancies, high parity, gender-related stress, and
inadequate social support. Targeted interventions and integrated maternal mental health services
are essential to address this critical public health issue.
The Practice and Determinants of Labor Analgesia Among Obstetric Care Providers Working in Three Teaching Hospitals.
(Addis Ababa Uinverstiy, 2025) Mekonnen Gebre; Dawit Desalegn
Introduction: Uterine ischemia and intricate neuro-hormonal processes are the causes of labor
pain, which is a physiological and psychological phenomenon. For childbirth experience to be
positive, effective pain management is essential. Despite the existence of international policies
and guidelines aimed at improving maternal care, including the management of labor pain, their
actual implementation is still restricted. Finding the variables that affect medical professionals'
decisions and practices around managing labor pain is a common focus of this field of study.
Objective: To assess the practice and determinants of labor analgesia among obstetric care
providers serving in three academic hospitals located in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Methodology: Institution based cross-sectional study was employed in three teaching hospitals
of Addis Ababa between November 1/2024 - February 30/2025 G.C. The study subjects were
selected using convenience method and 202 obstetric care workers were proportionally allocated
to respective health facilities. The data was collected by self-administered structured questioner.
The data was entered and analyzed by SPSS version 26.00 for clearing and analysis and Logistic
regression analyses was employed to identify factors associated with the practice of analgesia.
Using 95% CI variables with a p-value <0.05 was identified as statistically significant factors.
Results: Just 19.8% of the obstetric care providers in this study demonstrated good labor
analgesia practices. Being female (AOR = 3.3, 95% CI: 1.45–7.60), having more professional
experience (AOR = 3.2, 95% CI: 1.81–12.49), having a positive attitude toward labor analgesia
(AOR = 3.2, 95% CI: 1.81–12.49), and exhibiting sufficient knowledge about labor analgesia
(AOR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.47–5.12) were all factors that were significantly associated with better
practice.
Recommendation: - In order to improve the quality of labor pain management, this finding
highlights the need for focused interventions that improve obstetric providers' attitudes and
knowledge while also increasing training opportunities, particularly for male and midwife
providers
A Study on the Implication of School Leadership and Change of Ownership on Institutional and Students’ Performance at Flipper International School
(Addis Ababa Univesity, 2025-09-01) Genet Alemayehu; Dejene Niguse
This qualitative case study investigated weather leadership changes and ownership transitions on the academic performance and school experience of lower secondary school students at Flipper International School. Over a three-year period (2022/23– 2024/25), the school experienced multiple shifts in leadership and ownership, prompting concern about institutional continuity and student outcomes. Data were collected from 17 staff members and 31 students through semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, and document analysis. Thematic analysis revealed eight major themes: leadership instability, operational disruption, declining teacher morale, weakened school culture, academic impact, communication deficits, stakeholder recommendations, and overall institutional effects. Findings indicated that frequent leadership transitions led to organizational uncertainty, reduced instructional consistency, diminished staff motivation, and student disengagement. Teachers reported experiencing change fatigue and lack of direction, while students expressed confusion and loss of trust in school leadership. Although some transformational leaders had a temporarily positive effect, the overall pattern pointed to negative consequences for the school community. Stakeholders consistently called for greater transparency, strategic planning, and participatory leadership models to mitigate the adverse effects of change. The study underscores the critical importance of leadership stability in sustaining school performance, enhancing morale, and safeguarding student learning, particularly during periods of institutional transition. It offers practical and policy oriented recommendations aimed at fostering long-term leadership development and collaborative governance in education. Keywords: leadership transitions, ownership change, student outcomes, teacher morale, school culture, transformational leadership, qualitative case study, educational leadership.
Examining IDPs Right to Education: The Case of Conflict-Induced IDPs in Adama, Oromia
(Addis Ababa University, 2024-09-01) Mustefa Defo; Girmachew Alemu
This thesis examines the protection of the right to education for IDPs resettled in Adama city following the 2017conflict in the Somali region of Ethiopia. Addressing the gap in literature, it focuses on the practical implementation of educational rights within this specific context. Using qualitative methods, such as doctrinal analysis and a case study, the research assesses how well the resettlement processes have delivered accessible, quality, and affordable education to IDPs. The thesis also evaluates government policies' effectiveness in safeguarding these rights. Findings highlight significant challenges including inadequate infrastructure, resource shortages, and lack of psychosocial support for trauma-affected students. Despite some progress, substantial gaps remain in ensuring the realization of IDPs’ right to education. The thesis concludes with recommendations to enhance policy frameworks, improve resource allocation, and boost coordination among stakeholders. This research contributes to the understanding of IDP protection in Ethiopia
Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice towards Melanoma among General Practitioners in Ethiopia
(Addis Ababa University, 2025-11-16) Dawit Ali; Tizita Yosef; Annisa Befekadu
Background:
Melanoma is a highly malignant and aggressive skin cancer that occurs due to melanocytes. For 5 years (until 2022) in Ethiopia there were 255 cases and 117 deaths. The early diagnosis provides high chances of survival. Although healthcare professionals play an essential role in melanoma diagnosis, knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) have some significant gaps such as a lack of confidence in diagnostic instruments and insufficient training. Nevertheless, there is no extensive research on knowledge, attitudes, as well as practices of healthcare professionals particularly in low resource communities such as Ethiopia.
Objective:
This paper among Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice towards Melanoma among General Practitioners in Ethiopia, 2025.
Methods:
A cross-sectional study was done at the hospitals (N=233 selected General practitioners of July 2025 to October 2025 GC). A structured questionnaire based on various literature was used to measure Knowledge, Attitude and practice of GP. Thereafter SPSS version 27 software package was used to analyze the data. The descriptive summary statistics was calculated, the findings were illustrated with the help of texts, tables, and charts.
Result:
Among the 237 GPs 233 of them responded, most were male (160, 68.7%) with a mean age of 29.51 ± 3 years. 187 (80.3%), had less than five years of work experience and 208 (89.3%) reported that they had not received any training related to performing a total body skin examination. While 154 (66.1%) demonstrated moderate knowledge of melanoma and 222 (95.3%) had a favorable attitude toward its diagnosis and treatment, 134 (57.5%) exhibited poor practice. There is positive correlation between years of professional experience and knowledge in our study. Male participants demonstrated significantly higher practice scores.
Conclusion:
This research found a significant gap in the positive attitudes and inadequacy of practical skills in caring of melanoma among general practitioners in Ethiopia. Whereas there was an average level of knowledge and a positive attitude was observed, more than half had poor clinical practice, which indicates a desperate need to increase training, especially on skin examination skills in order to achieve early detection and better patient outcomes.