About Addis Ababa University Institutional Repository (AAU-ETD)

AAU-ETD is an electronic open access institutional repository of Addis Ababa University that makes available and digitally preserves the scholarly outputs produced at AAU. The repository contains both published and unpublished work including: theses and dissertations,preprint,staff and student publications.

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Recent Submissions

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Assessment of Organizational Communication Practice: The Case of Ethio-Telecom Communication Division.

(Addis Ababa University, 2022-06) Selam Mulugeta; Dr. Samson Mekonnen

The present study aimed to assess the practice of organizational communication (OC) at Ethio-Telecom Communication Division. A qualitative research approach was employed with the use of a case study research design. Purposive sampling was used to select ten communication employees of the corporation whose jobs are directly related to the profession. Communication tools or materials produced and disseminated online by the corporation's communication and public relations department were also taken as the main source of data for the study. The instruments of data collection were in-depth interviews, document analysis, and non-participant observation. The data were presented and analyzed using a method of content and thematic analysis. The main findings of the study indicated that Ethio-Telecom used organizational communication directions which include directing actions, coordination and linking, relationships, explaining organizational cultures, inter-organizational linking, presenting an organizational image, and generating and promoting ideas and values. Ethio-Telecom used technology in an encouragingly effective way due to its move towards utilizing CMCs for organizational communication practice. The organizational communication instruments used by Ethio-Telecom were advertising, email, website, banner, poster, Broachers, outdoor ads, social media (Facebook, Telegram, Youtube, Instagram Whatsapp, Twitter, and LinkedIn), Telephone, mainstream media (TV and Radio), press release and face to face communications. Lack of collaborative work, lack of professionalism, and communication or Public relations duties being ignored were identified as the challenges of practicing organizational communications in Ethio – Telecom. Conclusions are drawn based on the major findings and due recommendations are also forwarded. Keywords: Communication, Organizational Communications, Public relations, Computer-Mediated Communication, and digital communication

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Understanding of Social and Behavior Change Communication Intervention in Health Programs: The case of Amref Health Africa International Non-Governmental Organization

(Addis Ababa University, 2022-06) Solomon Tamerat; Teshager Shiferaw (PhD)

The effective communication of information on prevention disease and healthy lifestyles has played an important part in the improvement of the health status of the population. The benefits of good health communication are many, from better relationships between providers and patients to improved treatment compliance to reduced inequities of care. Amref Health Africa implemented its major programs in the developing regions, (Afar, Benishangul, Gambela and Somali). The population in these communities is found under a significant level of illiteracy and their living standard is also immeasurable. Therefore, in order to address these disadvantaged communities it is crucial that health professionals and stakeholders that have been working on the health prevention and control should communicate them strategically. This study is, therefore, primarily focused on the absence of communication strategies in the Social and Behavior Change Communication endeavors planned and executed by Amref health Africa, an international NGO. So as to bring the desired social and behavior changes, the Social and Behavior Change Communication (SBCC) should employ a well-developed communication strategy that takes stakeholders, target groups and gatekeepers into account.Qualitative research method was basically used to deal with the study problem, and quantitative research method was employed in order to supplement the data analysis. Data were collected through semi-structured in-depth individual interviews, 15 Amref health Africa program staffs who participated in the in-depth interview and focus group discussion (FGD) by using technology (zoom meeting) because of COVID-19. In-depth interviews were conducted with 15 Amref Health Africa program staffs and three focus group discussions (FGD) were conducted with program officers, project managers, and program managers since they are part of the SBCC programs directly and indirectly. Based on the findings of the research, the study recommends the need to develop integrated social and behaviour change communication (ISBCC) strategy. Developing integrated SBCC strategy to address the three program areas, Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health (RMNCH), Disease Control and Prevention (DCP) and WASH.

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Instructors’ beliefs and practices in promoting students’ critical thinking skills in university writing classes, and students’ critical thinking and writing performances.

(Addis Ababa University, 2024-01) Yemeserach Bayou; Dr. Tamene Kitila (PhD)

The requirement for students' critical thinking (CT) skills in academic writing, particularly inhigher education, prompts the promotion of students’ CT skills in writing classes to gain prominentattention. This study, therefore, sought to investigate instructors’ beliefs and practices inpromoting students’ CT skills in university writing classes and students’ CT and writingperformances. The study had a multiple case study design. Six purposively selected instructorsalong with 244 students from Debre Tabor University were participated. Classroom observation,interviews, questionnaire, document analysis, and essay writing were the data-gatheringinstruments used in the study. Qualitative and quantitative data analysis approaches served toanalyze the data. The findings revealed that the instructors interpreted CT as the ability to havean in-depth understanding, reflect ideas logically, and look at things from multiple perspectives inwritten works. They mentioned several CT skills-promoting instructional mechanisms such asinput provision, facilitating, process writing approach, writing-and-reading skills integration,collaborative work, and explicit CT skills introduction. They advocated argumentative, causeeffect,compare-and-contrast, summary writing, jigsaw tasks, and jumbled sentences as CT skillspromotingwriting activities in writing classes. On the contrary, despite their beliefs that the inputsshould be a little beyond students' current level (i+1), and complemented with a Socraticquestioning method, the inputs hardly involved novel contents. Most of the instructor-initiatedquestions sought for students’ knowledge and comprehension skills. Besides, the instructorsdenied a separate time for students to read the passages before doing the writing activities.Similarly, the explicit introduction of CT skills was not prevalent in the writing classes. Thecorrelation result, on the other hand, indicated a strong positive association among students' CTperformance, writing performance, and SPPCTW. The SPPCTW sub-scales (CI, IM, NWA, SFP)significantly predicted students’ CT and writing performances, respectively. The result showedstudent-related factors: negative perceptions towards writing, negligence of CT-orientedactivities, and poor writing competence. The instructor-related factors included limited CT ability,negative perceptions of CT skills promotion, and a tendency to content coverage. Situationalfactors related to large class sizes, time constraints, and inadequate material preparation werethe other obstacles. Therefore, it was recommended that instructors should reconsider their beliefsand reflect on their practices. Further studies shouldinvestigatesources of instructors’ beliefs andstudents’ perceptions and their implementation of CT skills in writing lessons.

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“የአገልጋይ ገጸባህሪያት አቀራረብ ከ1990 እስከ 2010 ዓ.ም ድረስ በታተሙ የተመረጡ የሴት ደራሲያን ረጅም ልቦለዶች ውስጥ”

(Addis Ababa University, 2016-01) አበበች ሀብተማርያም; መሀመድ አሊ (ዶ.ር)

ይህ ጥናት “አገልጋይ ገጸባህሪያት ከ1990 እስከ 2010 ዓ.ም ድረስ በታተሙ የተመረጡ የሴት ደራሲያን ረጅም ልቦለዶች ውስጥ” በሚል ርእስ የተከናወነ ነው፡፡ በተጠቀሱት ሃያ ዓመታት ውስጥ ከታተሙ የሴት ደራሲያን ረጅም ልቦለድ መፃህፍት ውስጥ የጥናቴ ዋና ጉዳይ በሆኑት “አገልጋይ ገጸባህሪያት” ዙሪያ ሽፋን ሰጥተዋል ብዬ ያመንኩባቸውን ሶስት ልቦለድ መጻህፍትን በመምረጥ ጥናቴን አካሂጃለሁ፡፡ ጥናቴን ያከናወንኩባቸው ረዥም ልቦለዶች ሶስት ናቸው፡፡ ፀሐይ መልአኩ በ1996 ዓ.ም ያሳተመችው “ቢስ ራሔል”፣ በ2002 ዓ.ም የታታመው የየዝና ወርቁ “የደራሲዋ ፋይል” እና በ2003 ዓ.ም የታተመው የእንዬ ሺበሺ “የገቦ ፍሬ” ጥናቱ ያተኮረባቸው ልቦለድ መጻህፍት ናቸው፡፡ ይህ ጥናት በተመረጡት ሶስት ረዥም ልቦለድ መጻህፍት ውስጥ የሚገኙ አገልጋይ ገጸባህሪያትን ወደ እዚህ ሙያ የገፋፏቸውን ምክንያቶች ያጠናሁበት ነው፡፡ በተጨማሪም አገልጋይ ገጸባህሪያትን በተመረጡት ልቦለዶች ውስጥ ስንመረምራቸው አይነታቸው ከየትኛው እንደሚመደብና አቀራረባቸው ምን እንደሚመስል መርምሬያለሁ፡፡ የሶስቱ ልቦለዶች ገጸባህሪያት ማለትም የ“ቢስ ራሔል” ራሔል ዳርጌ፣ “የደራሲዋ ፋይል” ፅዮን ታምሩ እና “የገቦ ፍሬ”ዋ ነፃነት ክብሩ ውስብስብነት የሚታይባቸውና በህይወት ውጣ ውረድ መከራቸውን ያዩ ገጸባህሪያት ናቸው፡፡ ቤተሰባዊና ማህበረሰባዊ ጫናዎቻቸውን ለማራገፍ በሚጥሩበት ጊዜ የሚደቀኑባቸውን ሌሎች ፈተናዎች እየተወጡ ወደ ስኬታቸው ለመቅረብ የቻሉ ገጸባህሪያት መሆናቸውን ከታሪኮቻቸው ተገንዝበናል፡፡ ለነዚህ ሶስት ገጸባህሪያት ምንም ነገር በቀላሉ የለም፡፡ ለሚበሉት ቁራሽ እንጀራ እንኳን ሲቸገሩ እንደ ነበር ከየልቦለዶቹ ተረድተናል፡፡ የሚፈልጓትን እያንዳንዷን ነገር ለማግኘት የሚገጥማቸው ልፋትና ጥረት አስጨናቂና አንዳንዴም አሰቃቂ ሆኖ የቀረበበት ሁኔታ አለ፡፡ ይህ ሁኔታ ደግሞ አጠቃላይ ገጸባህሪያቱ ከተሳሉበት ጊዜና ቦታ አንፃር “ለምን ሆነ?” ብለን የምንተቸው አይደለም፡፡ እንደውም የዋና ገጸባህሪያትን ውስብስብ ድርሻ አሳይተውናል፡፡

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የጭብጥ ትንተና በየስንብት ቀለማት

(አዲስ አበባ ዩኒቨርስቲ, 2024-01) መስከረም ኪዳነማሪያም; አየለ ፍቅሬ(ዶ/ር)

ይህ ጥናት በ2008 ዓ.ም ለህትመት በበቃው የአዳም ረታ “የስንብት ቀለማት” ረጅም ልብወለድ የጭብጥ አቀራረብን ፈትሿል። ልብወለድ ያነሳቸው ርዕሰ ጉዳዮች መሠረታዊነት እንደ ጥናታዊ አነሳሽ ምክንያቶች ተወስዷል። ጥናቱ አይነታዊ ዘዴን ተጠቅሟል። ነገረህላዌን ለመተንተኛነትሲጠቀም፣ መዛግብት ወይም ሠነድ ፍተሻና ጥልቅ ንባብ ደግሞ በመረጃ መሠብሰቢያ ዘዴነት ተጠቅሟል።ሁለት የመረጃ ምንጮችንም ተጠቅሟል።እነሱም ቀዳማይና ካልዓይ ናቸው።ቀዳማይ የመረጃ ምንጩ ትንተና የሚካሄድበት የስንብት ቀለማትረጅም ልብወለድ ሲሆን ካልዓይ የመረጃ ምንጮች የምርምር ዘዴ መፃህፍት ፣የንድፈሀሳብና ተዛማጅ ፅሁፎች ናቸው። የልብወለድን ርዕስ ማጤን፣ የገፀባህርያትን ምልልስ/ የእርስበርስ ግንኙነት መመርመር፣ የመቼት ገለጻና የሀሳብ ድግግሞሽ በመረጃ ትንተናው ወቅት ለጭብጥ ትንተናው አገልግሎት ላይ የዋለ የጭብጥ መፈለጊያ ዘዴዎች ናቸው። የስንብት ቀለማት የጊዜ መቼት ከ1960ዎቹ መጀመሪያ እስከ 1980ዎቹ መጨረሻ ባሉት የጊዜ ሀዲድ ላይ የተዘረጋ ሲሆን በእነዚህ ሁለት አስርት ዓመታት ውስጥ የተከሰቱት አበይት ሀገራዊ ክስተቶች የ1966ቱ አብዮት፣ የወያኔና የሻዕቢያ ትግል እንዲሁም የሌሎች ተቀናቃኝ ፓርቲዎች የስልጣን ሽሚያ እንደ ልብወለድ የታሪክ ማስታወሻ ሆነው ቀርበዋል። የመረጃ ትንተናው ሁለት አበይት ክፍሎች ያሉት ሲሆን የመጀመሪያው ክፍል የልብወለድን አብይ ጭብጥ ሁለተኛው ክፍል ደግሞ ንዑሳን ጭብጦችን ይዞል። ሞት ወይም ስንብት የተፈጥሮ ጠባይና አካል መሆኑን ማርዳት የልብወለድ አብይ ጭብጥ ሲሆን “የ ያ ትውልድ ስህተቶች”፣ የመበዳደል አዘሪትና ጭላንጭል ተስፋዎች ደግሞ እንደ ልብወለድ ንዐሳን ጭብጦች ተዳሰዋል። የ ያ ትውልድ ስህተቶች በ1960ዎቹና 1970ዎቹ የኖሩ ወጣቶች የፈጸሟቸውን ፖለቲካዊ ስህተቶች ተመልክቷል። የመበዳደል አዙሪት ደግሞ በገፀባህርያት መካከል የነበሩ ቁርሾዎችና ጥሎች የተዳሰሰበት ክፍል ነው። ጭላንጭል ተስፋዎች ደግሞ1960ዎች እና1970ዎቹ ውስጥ የኖሩ ወጣቶች ከፈጸሟቸው ስህተቶች እንዲሁም በዘመኑ ከነበረው ሀገራዊ ቀውስ በኋላ የታየውን አንጻራዊ ሠላምና መረጋጋት እንዲሁም አዳዲስ የለውጥ ጅማሮዎች የተበሰሩበት ክፍል ነው።