AAU Institutional Repository (AAU-ETD)
Addis Ababa University Institutional repository is an open access repository that collects,preserves, and disseminates scholarly outputs of the university. AAU-ETD archives' collection of master's theses, doctoral dissertations and preprints showcase the wide range of academic research undertaken by AAU students over the course of the University's long history.
How to Submit Your Work
The repository contains scholarly work, both unpublished and published, by current or former AAU faculty, staff, and students, including Works by AAU students as part of their masters, doctoral, or post-doctoral research
- All AAU faculty, staff, and students are invited to submit their work to the repository. Please contact the library at your college.
You may contact digirep@aau.edu.et.with any questions about the repository
Colleges,Institutes in AAU-ETD
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Recent Submissions
Affordable Housing and Economic Sustainability and The case of the poorest of the poor housing in Debre Markos city
(Addis Ababa University, 2023-10-01) MIichael Menberu Zewudie; . Elias Yitbarek (phd)
The affordability of housing is an essential policy goal. Incorporating economic sustainability in affordable housing in the development of the poorest of the poor's housing programs has become a major concern. This paper examines the affordability and economic sustainability of the poorest of the poor affordable housing in Debre Markos city. To address this, this study uses both quantitative and qualitative methods, using questionnaire surveys, interviews, field observation, and household surveys. Households in the expanding area have lower monthly salaries than in the past, but they are satisfied with the housing quality, rental pricing, and tenure security of their dwellings, according to the data analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. Households in the intermediate zone had significantly higher incomes after moving into their new homes. Housing is not truly affordable if it is in an inaccessible place with a long commute to work, high transportation expenditures, and land use that is homogeneous. In addition, the study examines several economic sustainability performance indicators. As a result, indicators have been established to examine new housing development schemes for the poorest of the poor. intensive literature analysis and investigation into the study area yielded a preliminary list of 15 critical economically sustainable performance indicators of affordable housing for the poorest of the poor’s. The study suggested indicators for incorporating economic sustainability into the poorest of the poor affordable housing programs. The indicators suggest using mixed-use housing and neighborhoods, economic sustainability performance indicators, house location, affordable housing for the poorest of the poor women, house management and maintenance, infrastructure, and local community participation as parameters for evaluating key dimensions of the poorest of the poor affordable housing programs' economic sustainability.
Key words: Affordable housing, Sustainable housing, economic sustainability.
Managing the Publicly Accessible Space Supply Process in Ethiopia's Urban Transition Process: The Urbanist-Contextualist Outdoor Signage Management Gap in Addis Ababa
(Addis Ababa University, 2023-06-01) Mariamawit Ayele Asfaw; Heyaw Terefe (PhD)
Emerging urban transition processes like that of Ethiopia are likely to have not only development and knowledge problems but also problems of research or the process with which solutions to the first two problems are searched. This research belongs to a thematic research group consisting of 14 researches concerned with the three problems. One of the researches was dedicated to study of the third problem while the remaining were planned, on the one hand, to deal with the first two problems and, on the other, to test the recommendations of the research on the research process. Accordingly, the objectives of this research will be, on the one hand, to investigate the development and knowledge problems pertaining to outdoor signage and the Publicly Accessible Domain (PAD) of the city, which is considered as its soul and an important input for improvement of quality of life particularly for the majority whose access to high quantity and quality private domain is limited in developing country cities like Addis Ababa, and, on the other, to test the said recommendations. A qualitative research methodology including interview, document review, analysis of implemented signage designs, and discussion were used for the research. The research indicates that there is significant gap in the literature on outdoor signage management system for contexts like Ethiopia where low level and slow industrialization but rapid rate urban transition is likely to lower management capacity, create public and private domain space quantity constraints, and introduce the unmanaged/informal signage containers like buildings and open spaces.
Assessment of Walkability on Selected Streets and Neighborhoods of Hawassa City
(Addis Ababa University, 2024-06-18) Mesay Matusala; Nebyou Yonas (PhD)
This study aims to evaluate the walkability in selected streets and neighborhoods in Hawassa City by identifying the built environment features that affect walkability in inner-city, intermediate, and suburban areas. Additionally, it aims to create a local walkability index for Hawassa. To achieve this, the research has identified the indicators, parameters, and indexes associated with walkability. To determine the walkability status of Hawassa City's inner-city, intermediate, and suburbs, various qualitative and quantitative methods were employed. The study assessed the walkability factors related to the built environment features and examined indicators that impact walkability on Hawassa City streets, then measured the local walkability index. The results indicate that the suburbs are not walkable and mostly lack pedestrian friendly features, with an average 36.54 local walkability index. The Inner City, also known as Arab Sefer, has an average of 71.69, indicating moderate walkability. The intermediate area has an average of 74.77, indicating that it is mostly walkable. Overall, Hawassa City has an LWI ranging from 58.76 to 64.44, with an average of 62.6, which means it is moderately walkable. The study evaluated the quality of footpaths, street patterns, street lighting, visibility, safe pedestrian crossings, even slope or gradient along the route, continuity of routes, a well connected street network, easy access to facilities and services, proximity to destinations such as schools, shops, other local services, and public transport, and developed a local walkability index by measuring perception using a Likert scale, rating weights assigned to the indicators based on their relevance and importance. The study findings from the walkability assessment revealed several factors that affect the walkability of streets and neighborhoods in Hawassa City. These were categorized into five safety-related factors: orientation, comfort, diversity, and local destinations. In conclusion, the study highlights the need for safe, comfortable, secure, diverse, and accessible streets that prioritize pedestrian-friendly urban design
Key Words: Walkability Concept, Walkability, Walkability Assessment, Walkability Indicators, Local Walkability Index.
Low Impact Development (LID) Design Retrofit to Reduce the Impact of Flooding and Diffused Pollutants from Affecting the Urban Lakes, The Case of Hawassa City, Ethiopia
(Addis Ababa University, 2022-06-01) Yared Dereje; Alazar Assefa (PhD)
Rapid urbanization has become a prevalent trend in the twenty-first century, putting development pressures on existing urban areas as a result of socio-economic changes, which has an impact on the natural system, particularly the hydro logical system, by increasing flooding and degrading water quality. The recent expansion and densification of Hawassa city contribute greatly to the generation of more pollutants, which are transported to the city's lake through storm water runoff from built-up areas. The objectives of the study is to see how fast urbanization impacts the city's natural environment, particularly the lake ecology, while also addressing sustainable storm water management to safeguard the city's lake using the Low Impact Development (LID) site design approaches. The city's natural and man-made land cover were investigated to determine the source of Lake Hawassa's ecological problem, which was connected to an increase in impermeable surfaces. In this regard, the study used a data set that included a Digital Elevation Model (DEM), a high-resolution satellite image, an existing land use map, precipitation data, and water quality samples. Using spatial analysis tools in QGIS 3.6.3 and a simulation model in SWMM 5.1, the quantity and quality of stormwater runoff impacting the lake environment were evaluated. The imperviousness level of 14 sub-catchments that directly flow into the lake, as well as the pollution load from impacted catchments, have all been investigated to determine which sub-watersheds contribute the most pollutants to the lake. The study revealed that between 2013 and 2018, the imperviousness level in catchments that directly drain to the lake increased from 12.20 % to 20.32 %. That shows an increment of 43.4 % of runoff from impervious covers within five years period. COD, TSS, TN, and TP levels in water samples tested from the degraded catchments' lake intake streams were 2307.5, 510.5, 2.09, and 10.4 mg/l, respectively, which are all above the permitted range. The SWMM model's simulation results also show that surface water quality is substantially degraded and exceeds acceptable limits. The study identified various types of LID design features as well as potential retrofitting open spaces in the study catchments. After incorporating the proposed LID retrofits, simulated results reveal a reduction of 16.0 % and 17.4 % in storm water runoff and peak flows for catchment 10 (C10) and a drop of 66.3 % and 5.0 % for catchment 11 (C11). Regarding to water quality, the COD, TSS, TN, and TP pollutant loads were reduced by 16.5 %, 16.2 %, 16.3 % and 16.3 %, and for C10 and 26.7 %, 13.1 %, 26.6 percent, and 26.2 %, for C11 respectively. Finally, flooding and water quality impairment shows the disruptions in the urban hydro logic cycle resulting from the construction of more impermeable surfaces have contributed to the degradation of Hawassa Lake's water quality. Incorporating effective LID solutions into the city watershed management systems and limiting a significant increase in impervious surfaces in urbanized catchments has the potential to reduce urban flooding, non point source pollution into the lake, and the oncoming environmental crisis.
Keywords Imperviousness, Urban Hydrology, Urbanization
Regaining Lost Agricultural Yields: Vertical Façade Farming on Ayat 1 Condominium Buildings in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
(Addis Ababa University, 2024-06-01) Endale Amdemariame Yirga; Tebebu Assefa (PhD)
Due to the city's rapid urbanization, agricultural and non-agricultural areas have been transformed into built-up urban areas. The Integrated Housing Development Plan (IHDP) of Addis Ababa is the main sector for the conversion of agricultural land to housing development-built areas without the provision of any option for farming products. This study aims to demonstrate vertical vegetable farming as a means to regain agricultural yields that has been taken over by condominium buildings. The study focused on Addis Ababa in Ayat 1 site 1, 2, and 3 condominium buildings and their resident as a population. A stratified sampling method based on their family size strata was used to find the population's vegetable demand, and 362 families were sampled. Purposive sampling is selected to find the potential surface area of the buildings based on their building typology and orientation. The data was gathered from the residents and farmers by questioner and key informant interview and observation from the existing building. The household's vegetable consumption amount, the buildings' potential surface area, the land's previous productivity, and the vertical farming productivity of the façade were analyzed and described statistically. Based on the literature and resident preference 10 vegetables were selected for the demonstration. The result shows that the total annual vegetable consumption of the residents in the study area is 3,632,473.4kg/year or 1,204,169,438 calories/year. The potential surface area for vegetable façade farming with 6 hours and 4 hours of daylight exposure is 297,270m2 from both, B+G+8 and B+G+10 building typologies. The 31 hectares of the study area land has been producing 46.5 tons of teff, which is 155,775,000 kcal/year. Vertical façade vegetable farming can produce 5,333,418.11kg/year or 2,309,169,276.366kcal/year. As a result of the vertical façade vegetable farming, 191.76% of the vegetable consumption of the residents can be fulfilled and 1,482.56% of the lost agricultural land produces can be regained. Using vertical façade farming on the condominium building is the key recommendation for the government, researchers, urban designers, and the community.
Key Words – vertical farming, façade vegetable farming, condominium housing, food security