Special Needs Education

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    Academic Experience of Students with Reading Difficulties and the Perception of Their Teachers about Performance at Lideta Selam Primary School
    (AAU, 2021-08) Hailu, Beza; Bekel, Yirgashewa(PhD
    This study aimed to investigate the experience of the students with reading difficulties and to understand the perception of the teachers about the students’ performance and achievement during teaching learning process. The study focused on experience of students in learning process, whether the students get proper support or not, understanding of the teachers about reading difficulties and finally giving awareness to the teachers who are teaching language at Lideta Selam Primary School. This study employed qualitative research approach and tried to answer the research question. In addition data was collected using semi structured interviews, document observation and document analyses. And also purposive thematic analysis was used to organize and interpret the data. Research result has shown that students are experiencing neglecting in the class, left behind; do not get proper support, do not measure according to their limitations. And there is a big problem in assigning teachers in the school because instead of assigning a language-trained teacher, they have assigned any certified teacher in the foundation of class. For these reasons, the students did not get effective teaching methodologies and proper support to student with reading difficulties to achieve in reading.
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    Academic Stress and Coping Strategies Among Students With Disabilities in Addis Ababa University
    (Addis Ababa University, 2011-06) Sani, Ali; R.s, Kumar (PhD)
    The main aim of this study was to examine the level of academic stress and the nature of coping strategies used by university students with various disabilities. The research design used was qualitative survey. One hundred and seventeen students with various disabilities, who were drawn using simple random sampling, participated in the study and 103 students without disability were also participated for comparisons. Data were collected using General Academic Stress Scale, Specific Academic Stress Scale, Disability Specific Academic Stress Scale and Academic Stress Coping Strategies Scale. The instruments were administered individually. Descriptive statistics, such as mean and standard deviation were used for each group to analyze The level of academic stress and coping strategies used. comparisons were made among and between groups on the level of academic stress and the types of coping strategies they employed. The result showed that, students with disabilities and without disabilities experienced moderate level of academic stress and used mostly problem focused coping strategies to deal with their academic stress. Though, students with disabilities together did not significantly differ from students without disabilities on academic stress, students with visual impairments as a group had significantly higher level of academic Stress than students without disabilities. Further, it was observed that, students with visual impairments experienced significantly higher level of academic stress than students with hearing impairments and students with motor disabilities. Significant difference was also observed be/ween students with disabilities and students without disabilities on using emotion focused coping strategy, In which, students with hearing impairments used the strategy significantly higher than students without disabilities as well as students with visual impairments and motor disabilities. In the contrary, the difference observed between students with disabilities together and students without disabilities on using problem focused coping strategy was significant. Generally it is concluded that, students with visual impairments had significantly higher level of academic stress than students with other types of disabilities as well as students without disabilities and all the sampled groups as almost equally used problem focused coping strategy to deal with Their academic stress. Based on the findings, recommendations were put forth for further accommodations and supports to be provided for students with disabilities in the university
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    Access to Microfinance Services for People With Disabilities in Kolfie Keranio Sub-City of Addis Ababa
    (Addis Ababa University, 2010-05) Mekonnen, Asfaw; Tebeje, Wegayehu (PhD)
    This study explores the extent of access to microfinance services to people with disabilities in mainstream society in selected areas of Addis Ababa City Administration. For in-depth understanding of the experiences of people with disabilities, qualitative research design was employed Participants of the study were entrepreneurs with disabilities operating micro enterprises. Participants study was purposefully selected based on the anticipated potential of their experiences. Instruments for data collection consisted of observations, interviews, focus group discussion, and investigation of related legal and official documents. These multiple sources of data indicated that people with disabilities have much less access to microfinance services compared to people without disabilities because of different exclusion mechanisms. The inaccessibility of financial services to people with disabilities subjected them to live under poverty. To realize the poverty reduction objectives the study recommends that concerned governmental and non-governmental organizations have to work to remove all the barriers that hamper equal opportunities and participation of persons with disabilities in microfinance activities
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    Accessibility of Assistive Software and Hardware Technologies To People with Visual Impairment Case of Addis Ababa University
    (Addis Ababa University, 2009-06) Natayi, Bulto; Hagos, Belay (Ato)
    Until recently the student with visual impairment have had a very restricted access to the information on World Wide Web (www). However after the text-to-speech software (screen reader) comes into being, the situation has significantly changed for the better. Therefore this research was carried out to investigate the accessibility of assistive hardware and software technology to the student with visual impairment at Addis Ababa University. The research instruments were questionnaires and an interview questions that were designed to investigate situations how currently SWVI at Addis Ababa University use the technologies. The methodology applied on this research was a mixed method approach (both qualitative and quantitative). The participant of the study consists of 98 SWVI at Addis Ababa University, the librarians that work at Addis Ababa University library, and an expert at adaptive technology training center for the blind (ATCB).On the study 56 male and 42 female student with visual impairment were participated. The data collected from the participant through questionnaires was organized and analyzed by SPSS software. The research found out with different results. Male students were found having more access to computer and Internet than female students. Senior students were found more Internet users than freshmen students. There is statistically significant association between the awareness and the computer skill of the student. SWVI lacks awareness about the availability of the technology to the people with visual impairment before joining Addis Ababa University, and even after joining the University. The guidance support provided and the computer skills of the student have statistically significant association. The guidance support provided to SWVI by Addis Ababa University was not adequate. The computer training provided to the SWVI at Addis Ababa University is not adequate due to different reasons, like lack of sufficient qualified trainer, inadequacy of the training room and poor organization of the center. There is shortage of training center on computer in public service to the PWVI in Addis Ababa. The factors like cost computer and internet connection, the limit facilities in the public services on computer training are the major factors that limit the access of student with visual impairment at AAU
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    Accessibility of Health Services for People with Disability in Saint Peter General Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (AAU, 2020-11) Chanyalew, Mewded; Desta, Daniel (PhD
    This study attempted to assess accessibility of health services for people with disability in Saint Peter General Hospital at Addis Ababa in Ethiopia. Unavailability of enough medical services and physical facilities for people with disabilities in the target study area was the main problem of the study which inspired the researcher to do this study. The objective of the study is to assess an accessibility of health services for people with disability in Saint Peter General Hospital at Addis Ababa in Ethiopia. In the research, descriptive design was basically used. People with disabilities who visited the hospital since January to February 2020 were the main sources of data of the study in addition to observation and secondary data. Questionnaire, observation and document assessment techniques were used to collect data. The data of this study was analyzed using quantitative and observational methods. Sixty-two patients with disabilities participated in this study as respondents with mean age of 37.9 years. The study reveals that 47% of roads and 65% of the rest rooms in the hospital were not accessible for person with disability. Besides, the study also depicted that 66% of people with disability who visited the hospital faced barriers and 74% of the study population were not satisfied with the service they received. The study also identified as there is limited medical person trained on disability related trainings and no non-medical staffs trained so far, no budget allocated for service accessibility, no designated staff who supports person with disability while visiting the hospital. To fill these gaps, the hospital needs to evaluate its current physical facilities and medical services and has to be reorganized these aspects to ease medical service access for patients with disabilities.
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    Accommodating the Needs of Students with Visual Impairment in Ethiopian National Examinations
    (Addis Ababa University, 2015-06) Gebru, Amare; T/Mariam, Alemayehu (PhD)
    The purpose of this research is to investigate to what extent Ethiopian National Examinations are accommodating candidates with visual impairment. In this study, blind and low sighted students who are admitted for National examinations, exam development experts, exam administration experts, school teachers and administrators, leaders of single and cross disability organizations(visually impaired persons), officials of National Educational Assessment and Examinations Agency(NEAEA) and the Federal Ministry of Education are participated. The method used in this study was mixed. Questionnaire, interview, focus group discussion, and documentary analysis were used for data collection. The findings of the study indicated that Ethiopian National Examinations were not accommodating candidates with visual impairment. In Ethiopian National Examinations, candidates with visual impairment are examined in a similar standard with the rest “sighted” candidates. According to the findings, attitudinal problems in enforcing the UN convention of Persons with Disabilities, absence of accessible learning materials and school facilities, rigid curriculum, lack of awareness, and absence of technology which is the best equalizer for persons with disabilities, absence in using appropriate accommodation for SWVI are among the major challenges affecting students directly and indirectly in National Examinations. Data from NEAEA has also indicated the achievement of blind students in Ethiopian National Examinations was far behind the “sighted” candidates. In general the research recommends for the overall improvement in assessment of candidates with visual impairment including the use of different accommodation alternatives and technologies during national examination development and administration, allocation of earmarked budget for accessible educational materials and assistive technologies as well as infrastructural arrangements Key words: students with visual impairment, national examinations, accommodations, disability, assessment etc
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    Adolescents with Hearing Impairment and HIV/AIDS: their Awareness and Sexual Behavior
    (Addis Ababa University, 2006-06) Idris, Fetum; Desta, Daniel (PhD)
    The ol?iectil e (~r this study \I'as to assess the level (~r awareness studel1fS with hearing impairment and their sexual behavior in relation to HIVIAIDS. To achieve this goal qualitative and quantitalive method of analysis were used. Minilik II secondary school was selected • because there are students with hearing impairment at secondary school level. Purposeful sampling was the method used to select students, Accordingly, all (48) students with hearing impairment were participated in the study, From the participant of the study, 23(47,92%) are female and 25(52.08%) of them are male. Questionnaire and interview were used as a means of data collection. Questionnaire was prepared for students with hearing impairment. Interview was conducted with some selected club representatives, school guidance and counselors, students with hearing impairment, and people who are working with individuals with hearing impairment in a VCT centers. The result of the study indicates that, almost all students with hearing impairment have • adequate HIVIAIDS knowledge. Regarding their sexual behavior about 70% of the participants have a sexual behavior which is healthy that is abstinence. Eventhough, about 30% of the participants of the study had experienced sexual intercourse and of which most of them involved in a risky sexual activity which may expose them to HIV infection. According to the findings of the study, the main sources of HIVIAIDS knowledge for students • with hearing impairment are friends, television, printed materials and peer educators. The main strategy used to teach students with hearing impairment are drama and theatre. peer education, panel discussion, television, captionedfilms, and teaching using sign language. With regard to gender difference in the level of awareness about HIVIAIDS, this study found out that there is no significant difference between male and female students with hearing • impairment in their level of HIVIAIDS awareness. Finally, the result of this study indicates that there is no significant relationship between the awareness and the sexual behavior of students with hearing impairment
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    Assess the Influence of Children’s Labor on their Participation in Education at Bochesa Elementary School in Adami Tulu Jido Combolcha Woreda in East Shewa.
    (AAU, 2022-01) Tesfaye, Amanuel; Achaw, Tilahun(PhD
    The study at over all estimated that about 1 in 3 children aged 5-14 years in sub-Saharan Africa are employed compared with Central and Eastern Europe/Common wealth of Independent States (CEE/CIS) regions. Where only 1 out of 20 children is employed, In absolute terms, 69 million children in sub-Saharan Africa, or 35% of the child population, are engaged in child labor (ILO, 2006). This statistic leaves sub-Saharan Africa, including Ethiopia, the most dominant in terms of widespread child labor. This study was conducted in East shawa districts of Adami Tulu Jido Combolcha Woreda. Specifically, the study was carried out with the following objectives: To examine the impact of lack of time on primary education access and participation, to determine the impact of low school attendance on access and participate in primary education activities carried out by school-age children regarding access to and participation in primary education. The study used purposive sampling and snowball techniques, with the participation of 60 respondents. Both techniques are practical due to the nature of the research. Child labor has been found to have a huge impact on school-going students because it deprives children of their right to access and participate in primary education. Research shows that low school attendance and absenteeism are the main influeances of child labor on children's access to and participation in primary education, as they affect children's learning outcomes. In addition, the study found that most laws relating to child education have loopholes, enabling another 4,444 acts of child labor in Ethiopia. It is therefore imperative that governments and all other responsible agencies ensure that policies and legislation address child labor issues and, in particular, children's participation in school works
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    Assessment of Adaptive Behavior of Some Children with Mental Retardation in Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2000-05) Behutiye, Nema; Umer, Yusuf (PhD)
    Assessment of individual children's needs and potential abilities at early period of development has central importance for their over all development. It is more advantageous for children with mental retardation. On the other hand, effective assessment involves formulated identification techniques and appropriate instruments. This study attempts to asses adaptive behavior of children with mental retardation; understandings of their parents and teachers about mental retardation and treatment of the children in view. Adapted behavior scale and originally developed interview for parents and teachers of the children were used for data collection. The instruments used were validated and piloted. Sample informants were selected through purposive sampling. Three regions, three special education unit and one parent of each child were included in the sample. The findings indicate, prior to the intervention that all children experienced severe deficits in independent functioning characteristics. skills and other adaptive behavioral Since the intervention, however, they have made substantial improvements in many of the adaptive behavior aspects mainly in independent functioning, physical development and social maturity. In general, the children's performances show progress and difference by level of retardation. To this end, both parents and teachers' understanding seems to deserve desirable attention of he government. The adapted behavior scale appeared reliable and employable. It is believed that the document and the adapted behavior scale can serve as a resource material and working document for special educators and others
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    Assessment of Autistic Behavior among School age Children in Selected Elementary Schools in Jimma, Oromia, Regional State South West Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2014-06) Wakjira, Olani; Bekele, Yirgashewa (PhD)
    Autism as developmental disorder didnot receive due attention it deserves, from schools especially elementary schools. Autistic children are not clearly known in school for this particular developmental disorder “Autism”. The purpose of this research is to investigate the dominant autistic behavior among the school children in Jimma Town.To investigate these differentdevelopmental traits offive (5) children selected for the study were considered against DSM-5 diagnostic criterion and checked for1) presence of symptom at early developmental period 2) developmental impairment in three areas, including impairment in social, communication & repetitive behaviors.In process of investigation two levels of screening methods were usedto select the target groups from 160 students.Fromthis 128 students were identified for not having any disability or special needs in the school.From the remaining 32 students, only (five) students (3male and 2 females) showed symptoms of autistic spectrumdisorder (ASD). When this was computed from the total population of this study(i.e 1515students),these five children constitute the prevalence of ASD to be 33 out of 10,000 school age children. Results were discussed and recommendations were forwarded
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    Assessment of Awareness about Specific Learning Disability Among Public Primary School Teachers in Bole Sub City, Addis Ababa
    (Addis Ababa University, 2019-10) Abiyou Asnake; Bekele, Yirgashewa (PhD)
    The purpose of the study was to investigate awareness of specific learning disability among public primary school teachers in Bole sub city, Addis Ababa. In doing so, qualitative and quantitative cross-sectional research design was employed. Data were gathered from a total of 283 respondents in eighteen public primary schools. Questionnaire and key informant interview were employed as a data gathering tools. At the end, data was analyzed using quantitative and qualitative approaches. Descriptive statistical tools like frequency, percentage, and inferential statistical tools like Independent sample T-test and one way ANOVA were used to analyze quantitative data and qualitative data were analyzed thematically using narrative mode. The results revealed that majority of sample respondents were aware about the concepts, causes and instructional strategies of LDs; were not aware about identifications of symptoms in students with reading, writing and math difficulties. There is significant difference on teachers’ awareness about LDs in terms of education level. The issue of LD should also involve the governmental and non-governmental organizations, professional in the fields of special need and schools should be equipped with the necessary awareness and facilities to help improve academic qualifications of students with LD. Key words: Specific Learning Difficulties, Education Level,
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    Assessment of Early Grade Three Student’s Reading Skill: In Some Selected Primary School in Yeka Subcity, Addis Ababa.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2023-05) Wudie Nibret; Alemayehu Teklemariam (PhD)
    The aim of the study was to assess the reading skills of early grade students with special focus on Grade three students and factors that influence reading skill acquisition in selected primary school in Yeka Sub-City, Addis Ababa. In doing so, an explanatory sequential design with mixed approaches was used for the study. The total sample size of the study 176 which was, 171 grade three students, 3 teachers and 2 school principal. Purposive and stratified random sampling techniques were employed to select the participants. To collect data, reading test, an interview guide, and an observation checklist were employed. Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 26 was used to organize quantitative data for analysis and Descriptive statistical tools like frequency and percentage and inferential statistical tools like An independent sample T-test was used to analyze quantitative data, and qualitative data were analyzed thematically using narrative mode. The results revealed that the majority of grade three students in public primary schools were low in word reading, oral reading fluency, and reading comprehension. While most grade three students are good at letter identification and phonological awareness. There was a significant difference between availability of reading materials and grade three students reading skill acquisition. The finding of the study further showed that there were many factors that influenced early grade reading skill acquisitions, such as the availability of reading materials, instructional methods, and the accessibility of environments. The study also concluded that the majority of grade three students were at risk of reading difficulty.
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    Assessment of English Reading Difficulty among Grade Three Learners: The Case of Ethio National School
    (Addis Ababa University, 2018-11) Tatek, Getachew; Bekele, Yirgashewa (PhD)
    The overall objective of the study is to assess students’ English reading difficulty in Ethio National School located in Akaki- Kality Sub City, Addis Ababa. This study employed quantitative approaches for data collection and analyzes. The research design was a descriptive survey design. Data from questionnaires compiled, edited and coded according to the themes of the study. Data was presented in the form of statement using descriptive statistics used to summarize data by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, (SPSS) version 20 software. Statistics including mean, frequency and standard deviation were used to analyze the data among the different groups. The target populations of the studies are grade three students (371) and teachers of English language (6). The sample of the study included 6 teachers of English (purposive sampling) and 192 students (simple random sampling) from grade three nine classes. The study finding showed that there is high phonological awareness problem. On the other hand student problem regarding factor attributed to difference between L1 and L2 showed high reading difficulty gap. Regarding to factor attributed to teacher and methodology is high factor that contributed to student reading difficulties. Result regarding to Descriptive Statistics Self-reported reading strategies indicated that relative modern intentions to low strategy. The finding stated that identified by teacher’s experience, teaching status and methodology make reading effective and lasting shows in opposite manner. The study recommended stated progress has been made in understanding the underlying mechanisms that contribute to reading difficulties in monolingual students and future studies should focus on reading strategy instruction and interventions on reading outcomes. Key words: Assessment, Reading, Difficulty and Reading Difficulty
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    The Assessment of Ethiopian Sign Language Educational Interpreters among Teachers In five Regional States of Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2012-06) Girmay, Ruth; Hagos, Belay (PhD)
    Sign language is a formal language, socially agreed on, rule –governed symbol system that is generative in nature. The components of sign language are not phonemic (sound) combinations that movement at form words, at spoken language, but rather phonological combinations (i.e. hand shapes, form signs (Mccanally, 1994). The main purpose of this study is to assess the Ethiopian sign language using for the teaching purposes in five regional states of Ethiopia. In order to meet this purpose 31, respondents selected based on judgment sampling. The required data were collected through interviews, videotape, and classroom observation and text analysis. The result of the study was analyzed qualitatively. The result of the study shows that the hearing-impaired students and their teachers seem to fail to establish common understanding because of lack of sign language for technical and scientific environmental science and chemistry terminologies. Lack of adequate skills on sign language on the part of the teachers as well as deaf students and sign language interpreter‟s complexity and uniformity of sign language used by most of the hearing-impaired students in five regional states of Ethiopia. As indicated by this research, there is wide variation from region to region in the use of Ethiopian sign language in environmental science and grade 11 chemistry subjects. Failure communication exists among students and, more over, between students and teachers. The Sign language variations are also seen among teachers, interpreters, and students. Finally : the study recommends continuous training of sign language for teachers and interpreters, Laboratory and resources should be available at high school and university levels, encourage creating new sign and experience sharing , prepare sign language dictionary in different subjects and further researcher must be done
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    An Assessment of NGO-Assisted Alternative Basic Education Projects in North Wollo Zone
    (Addis Ababa University, 2007-01) Nigussie, Workineh; Engidayehu, Yalew (PhD)
    North Wollo zone, one of the zones in Amhara Region, is ecologically degraded, climatically unstable and food insecure area. Moreover, it an area where harmful traditional practices are dominantly exercised. On top of that, it an area where educational disparity was the highest and enrolment rate in primary education was the lowest. To alleviate these interrelated problems, NGOs are currently implementing ABE projects as an alternate way to the formal education system. Whether this alternate route provides promise in this aspect or not becomes a timely issue that requires assessing their performance. Thus, this study tried to objectively assess NGO-assisted alternative basic education projects in North Wollo zone having specific objectives of identifying factors that constrain the implementation of ABE, indicating contribution of NGOs in ensuring coverage, quality and equity, scanning the sustainability of the projects in addressing the parity of ABE and FE. To address its specific objectives, basic questions, regarding factors that constrain the delivery of ABE, access, equity, quality, transformation of projects after the phase out period, network and partnership among ABE stakeholders, and parity and nexus between ABE and FE, were formulated. Descriptive survey method was employed to address the issues. To gather the relevant information regarding the basic questions, both primary and secondary resources were involved using Quota, availability and stratified random sampling. The data collecting process was a mixed approach type where questionnaire, interview, observation checklist and discussion were used. Out of the total of 86 questionnaires distributed, 79 were filled and returned. The data gathered through questionnaire were exposed to statistical analysis using frequency distribution, t -test, Chi-square and Spearman rank order correlation. After analyzing and interpreting both qualitative and quantitative data, the following findings were obtained. A number of factors that constrain delivery of ABE were identified (caring for animals, caring for siblings, collecting firewood and fetching water, etc.). Achieving some of the goals of EFA seems to fail owing to low level of quality and high disparity. ABE has got official recognition and parity of esteem; the partnership among stakeholders seems promising and a preparatory action was being taken by the project owners and implementers in order to bring about transformation safely. Based on the findings, the mobilization of resources, raising funds from different actors, devising income generating mechanisms for the community, recruitment of facilitators including female facilitators in maledominated learning centers and training them are recommended
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    Assessment of Provision of Support Services For Students With Motor Impairments: The Case of Sebeta Governmental Secondary Schools In Sebeta Town
    (AAU, 2020-06) Gemula, Efa; Desta, Daniel (Phd
    The purpose of this study was to describe and analyze the provide support service for students with motor impairments in Sebeta Governmental Secondary Schools at Sebeta town using qualitative methods. Sebeta secondary schools are governmental schools were purposefully selected for the study based on location and experiences. Participants of this study were students of Sebeta Secondary School in the academic year of 2019/2020.The researcher used purposive sampling technique for selecting the participants. Both primary and secondary sources were used for the data collection. Interviews and observations were used. The data were organized and analyzed thematically. The finding of the study shows that students with motor impairments need school environment modification, financial support, psychological support, and educational support. The findings revealed that the school community has positive perception towards students with motor impairments. Finally, it is suggested that school management and other concerned bodies should work on creating conducive school environment to alleviate challenges related to accessibility of facilities and infrastructures. Students with motor impairments need access to a broad range of provide supports service to assist their development and learning. Moreover, the school management should work on school environment modification, as well aspsychological and financial support. Furthermore, substantial development in teachers’ knowledge, understanding and expertise regarding the education of students with motor impairments is very important to promote their access.
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    Assessment of Reward and Compensation Management Practices at Ethiopian Electric Power Corporation Training Institution and Head Quarter
    (Addis Ababa University, 2014-06) Bahita, Gebremedhin; Mekonnen, Worku (PhD)
    In the general terms, this study was about reward and compensation systems within the EEPCO Headquarter and its training institution located in Kotebe Yeka district. As reward and compensation is a steering instrument in maintaining the organizational efficiency and productivity as well as takes the lion’s share in motivating the employees to act in the best interest of the organization, the purpose of this study was to identify how the selected company (EEPCO) works on the issue. It is also aimed at finding out the extent to which the institution gives focus on rewarding and compensating its employees in order to encourage them and thus assist it to reach its goals and visions as one national organization working on huge and giant projects. An attempt of identifying the procedures and basis of bonuses and related benefits within the selected institution is also made by this researcher. This attempt includes pointing out whether the rewarding systems available in the institution- bonuses and salary increments- offered to the employees are based on performances or just in a collective basis regardless of performances. As a result, the research question, which is based on the purpose of the study, is ‘What kind of ways and systems does EEPCO use to reward its employees so as to motivate them to work in its best interest?’ To address the research question, the researcher has conducted interviews with the employees of the institution both at the head quarter and the training institution. In addition, the researcher has distributed 50 questionnaires to the employees in both offices. Not only that but also, the researcher has tried his level best to analyze documents that are related to reward and compensation. All in all, the researcher has found out that though the selected company (EEPCO) has a habit of rewarding and motivating its employees to let them work to its best interest, the rewarding systems are not based on performance. They are instead bonuses and salary increments which are given to all employees once annually. The performances of the employees are not considered in these processes. It is just based on the salary scale, which is not advisable according to the theoretical frameworks this researcher used. This is also something that the respondents witnessed. The conclusion is, therefore, the rewarding systems which EEPCO uses do not motivate its employees to be competitive and work to the best interest of the company given that the rewarding systems do not take competitiveness and performance into account
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    Assessment of the Factors Affecting the Effectiveness of Blind Teachers in Primary Schools of Addis Ababa: the Case of two Selected Schools
    (AAU, 2020) Mitiku, Elizabeth Hailu; Hagos, Balay Dr.
    The main objective of this study was to examine the nature and type of factors affecting the effectiveness of blind teachers in their teaching role at Primary School level in Addis Ababa, namely Tesfa kokob and Caramara, in relation to students’ attitude towards their teaching practice, acceptance level of their knowledge and performance in the same way as sighted peer teachers, their self-efficacy in their teaching role and their social relationship with students, sighted peer teachers and school leaders. Thus, to achieve the desired objectives the study was guided by four basic research questions, the sample of 377 respondents were selected by using purposive, proportionate random sampling and simple random sampling methods. Descriptive research method with mixed research design was employed as a better option for examining factors affecting blind teachers’ effectiveness. Close ended Questionnaire and interview were used in collecting the data. The findings revealed that the overall effectiveness of blind teachers in both schools, were generally not to the expected level. Most of the items in knowledge and performance recognition level, in social relationship level, the self- efficacy level, attitude towards the effectiveness in teaching practice were not fully practiced or somewhat partly practiced regardless of the fact that blind teachers evaluated themselves as they had high self-efficacy in nearly all items and other respondents also rated them as having good practice in very few areas like subject knowledge, punctuality, free expression of feelings, fairness, etc. Thus, most elements of effectiveness in teaching role were compromised that might have direct impact on quality of education and students’ academic achievement unless immediate measures such as well-designed customized and skill gap filling oriented trainings will be delivered
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    An Assessment of the Impact of CBR Services on the Situation of People With Disabilities at Lideta Sub-City
    (Addis Ababa University, 2007-06) Temesgen, Zelalem; Legesse, Mengistu (PhD)
    This research was undertaken to assess the situations of PWDs before and after they have received CBR services at Ledeta Sub-city. As the primary objective of CBR is to ensure the equal participation and the right to use the community resources, the study tried to assess the impact of the rehabilitation on the social and psychological situations, their independent living through income generation schemes, mobility skills and participation in the program. To do this, 16 participants were selected purposively on the basis of • The information that they have, about CBR services, • Ability to express their ideas, the caregivers' relationship that they have with the PWDs, • And having received services at least for six years. To this effect, the primary sources of the data were five people with different disabilities, six caregivers, two school teachers and three CBR workers including the manager of the organization. Written documents were also used as secondary data sources. To collect the necessary data semi structured interview, FGD, observation checklist and document analysis guide have been used. After the interview was made with eleven participants separately, the FGD held at AbbayMinich school with five discussants. Then, the data was analyzed qualitatively. As it is shown in the finding, prior to the coming of Handicap National to the sub-city, the attitude of the community towards PWDs was not positive. Many of the PWDs therefore were hurt both socially and psychologically. However, for the past eight years, using mass media, workshops, dramas, coffee-ceremony and other activities, the Handicap National has brought a significant change in the life of PWDs. Although there are still under achievements in regard to vocational rehabilitation and participation of the clients, changes have been observed in relation to the social, psychological, educational developments of the PWD who had received services from the center and the awareness of the community. But, the equal participation and vocational rehabilitation of the clients should be improved
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    Assessment of the Implementation of Industry Extension Services and Challenges; the Case of Selected Technical and Vocational Education and Training Institutions in Guraghe Zone
    (Addis Ababa University, 2014-06) Ayalew, Fita; Zewdie, Girma ( Associate Professor)
    The main purpose of the study was to assess the implementation and challenges of industry extension services in Sothern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Regional State, Guraghe Zone. To this end, five TVET institutions, MSEs, and stakeholders are randomly selected as a sample. The subject of the study was 16 TVET leaders (deans, vice deans and training coordinators), 34 operators of the MSEs, 50 TVET trainers and 9 representatives of stakeholders. The study was qualitative and quantitative approaches to develop sufficient data in explaining the problem at hand. The data for the study were obtained through questionnaires, interview, observation, and document survey and analyzed using SPSS software percentages and frequency counting method. Accordingly, the respondents’ sampling was carried out through stratified and purposive sampling techniques. The result of the study revealed that TVET training was not being given by qualified trainers, industry extension service is already started in the zone, all TVET institutions have a budget proposal for the implementation. Moreover, kaizen is found to be the most implemented package, industry extension service is being provided in the TVETs, members of the MSEs have the understanding that TVET training will develop confidence and self employability, all the staff of TVETs participate in the implementation process and there is low coordination and between the stakeholders and lower level of follow up which resulted in ineffective implementation of the service in the zone, in general. It is recommended that lack of awareness, cooperation and follow up is the major problem in the side of the stakeholders and in general industry extension service is not provided in accordance with the standards. Therefore it is recommended that TVETs should hire qualified trainers or upgrade the existing ones, awareness must be created in all the stakeholders so that proper follow ups and cooperation between them could occur, due attention must be given to all the four packages, its impact must be evaluated regularly, and the implementation should take place in a well organized place and workshop