Public Management and Policy

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A Critical Analysis of The Practice of Fiscal Federalism In Ethiopia: The Case of Oromia and Afar Regional States (1991–2015)
(AAU, 2023-06-10) Samson Mesfin; Tegegne Teka (PhD)
The main objective of this dissertation was to assess the practices of fiscal federalism in Ethiopia (1995- 2015) with reference to Federal-Regional interface and Woredas (districts) context by selecting two Regional States; namely Oromia (representing the relatively 'developed regions') and Afar (representing the 'emerging regions'). The study employed more of qualitative research approach to achieve the objective mentioned above. Both Primary and secondary data sources were used in gathering relevant data for the study. The techniques that have been used for gathering primary data are in-depth interview and discussion with key-informants at all levels of governments focusing on group discussion with local communities and field observation. Secondary data were gathered from published and unpublished materials available in various forms including books, journal articles and official annual reports of government institutions at federal, regional and local levels. The study also reviewed the experiences of some federal countries around the world on the issue of fiscal federalism with the aim of obtaining best practices and use as input in modifying the decentralized fiscal system of Ethiopia. To analyze the date gathered through above means, the study employed both qualitative and quantitative methods of data analysis. The findings of the study indicated that the Constitutional assignment of expenditure responsibility in Ethiopia is more or less in compliance with the theoretical literature of fiscal federalism while the assignment of taxation power does not agree with the theoretical and empirical literatures of fiscal federalism. The practice, however, shows lack of clarity on the assignment of power and fiscal responsibilities, particularly on shared responsibilities. As the result, it creates duplication and overlapping responsibility problems and may lead to conflict between federal and regional governments as well as regional and local governments. The findings also show that the devolution of expenditure responsibilities to the sub-national governments (SNGs) is not accompanied by adequate financial resources, resulting in high vertical and horizontal fiscal imbalances in Ethiopia. As the result, SNGs in Ethiopia rely heavily on federal transfers to cover the costs of the functions that devolved to them by laws. This, in turn, limits the fiscal autonomy of authorities at sub-national levels, which adversely affected the efficiency of public service delivery and accountability at the grass root levels. Overall, the study found out that there are several problems and challenges faced while implementing fiscal decentralization at sub-national levels in Ethiopia. It includes lack of clarity in the assignment of power and fiscal responsibilities, particularly on shared responsibilities; lack of fiscal autonomy due to insufficient own revenues; weak administration and institutional capacity. This happened because of lack of trained and experienced human resources; poor political willingness and commitment of authorities at higher level to devolve taxing and spending powers in real sense; as well as lack of a stable, predictable and transparent intergovernmental fiscal transfer system. Thus, the research recommends that the federal government should give more emphasis to enhance the fiscal autonomy of sub-national governments so as to realize the potential benefits of effective fiscal federalism in Ethiopia
A Critical Analysis of the Practice of Fiscal Federalism in Ethiopia: the Case of Oromia and Afar Regional States (1991–2015)
(AAU, 2023-06-10) Samson Mesfin; Tegegne Teka (PhD)
The main objective of this dissertation was to assess the practices of fiscal federalism in Ethiopia (1995- 2015) with reference to Federal-Regional interface and Woredas (districts) context by selecting two Regional States; namely Oromia (representing the relatively 'developed regions') and Afar (representing the 'emerging regions'). The study employed more of qualitative research approach to achieve the objective mentioned above. Both Primary and secondary data sources were used in gathering relevant data for the study. The techniques that have been used for gathering primary data are in-depth interview and discussion with key-informants at all levels of governments focusing on group discussion with local communities and field observation. Secondary data were gathered from published and unpublished materials available in various forms including books, journal articles and official annual reports of government institutions at federal, regional and local levels. The study also reviewed the experiences of some federal countries around the world on the issue of fiscal federalism with the aim of obtaining best practices and use as input in modifying the decentralized fiscal system of Ethiopia. To analyze the date gathered through above means, the study employed both qualitative and quantitative methods of data analysis. The findings of the study indicated that the Constitutional assignment of expenditure responsibility in Ethiopia is more or less in compliance with the theoretical literature of fiscal federalism while the assignment of taxation power does not agree with the theoretical and empirical literatures of fiscal federalism. The practice, however, shows lack of clarity on the assignment of power and fiscal responsibilities, particularly on shared responsibilities. As the result, it creates duplication and overlapping responsibility problems and may lead to conflict between federal and regional governments as well as regional and local governments. The findings also show that the devolution of expenditure responsibilities to the sub-national governments (SNGs) is not accompanied by adequate financial resources, resulting in high vertical and horizontal fiscal imbalances in Ethiopia. As the result, SNGs in Ethiopia rely heavily on federal transfers to cover the costs of the functions that devolved to them by laws. This, in turn, limits the fiscal autonomy of authorities at sub-national levels, which adversely affected the efficiency of public service delivery and accountability at the grass root levels. Overall, the study found out that there are several problems and challenges faced while implementing fiscal decentralization at sub-national levels in Ethiopia. It includes lack of clarity in the assignment of power and fiscal responsibilities, particularly on shared responsibilities; lack of fiscal autonomy due to insufficient own revenues; weak administration and institutional capacity. This happened because of lack of trained and experienced human resources; poor political willingness and commitment of authorities at higher level to devolve taxing and spending powers in real sense; as well as lack of a stable, predictable and transparent intergovernmental fiscal transfer system. Thus, the research recommends that the federal government should give more emphasis to enhance the fiscal autonomy of sub-national governments so as to realize the potential benefits of effective fiscal federalism in Ethiopia
A Critical Assessment of the Practices of Fiscal Federalism in Ethiopia: The Case of Oromia and Afar Regional States (1991–2015)
(AAU, 2023-06-23) Samson Mesfin; Dr. Tegegne Teka
The main objective of this dissertation was to assess the practices of fiscal federalism in Ethiopia (1995- 2015) with reference to Federal-Regional interface and Woredas (districts) context by selecting two Regional States; namely Oromia (representing the relatively 'developed regions') and Afar (representing the 'emerging regions'). The study employed more of qualitative research approach to achieve the objective mentioned above. Both Primary and secondary data sources were used in gathering relevant data for the study. The techniques that have been used for gathering primary data are in-depth interview and discussion with key-informants at all levels of governments focusing on group discussion with local communities and field observation. Secondary data were gathered from published and unpublished materials available in various forms including books, journal articles and official annual reports of government institutions at federal, regional and local levels. The study also reviewed the experiences of some federal countries around the world on the issue of fiscal federalism with the aim of obtaining best practices and use as input in modifying the decentralized fiscal system of Ethiopia. To analyze the date gathered through above means, the study employed both qualitative and quantitative methods of data analysis. The findings of the study indicated that the Constitutional assignment of expenditure responsibility in Ethiopia is more or less in compliance with the theoretical literature of fiscal federalism while the assignment of taxation power does not agree with the theoretical and empirical literatures of fiscal federalism. The practice, however, shows lack of clarity on the assignment of power and fiscal responsibilities, particularly on shared responsibilities. As the result, it creates duplication and overlapping responsibility problems and may lead to conflict between federal and regional governments as well as regional and local governments. The findings also show that the devolution of expenditure responsibilities to the sub-national governments (SNGs) is not accompanied by adequate financial resources, resulting in high vertical and horizontal fiscal imbalances in Ethiopia. As the result, SNGs in Ethiopia rely heavily on federal transfers to cover the costs of the functions that devolved to them by laws. This, in turn, limits the fiscal autonomy of authorities at sub-national levels, which adversely affected the efficiency of public service delivery and accountability at the grass root levels. Overall, the study found out that there are several problems and challenges faced while implementing fiscal decentralization at sub-national levels in Ethiopia. It includes lack of clarity in the assignment of power and fiscal responsibilities, particularly on shared responsibilities; lack of fiscal autonomy due to insufficient own revenues; weak administration and institutional capacity. This happened because of lack of trained and experienced human resources; poor political willingness and commitment of authorities at higher level to devolve taxing and spending powers in real sense; as well as lack of a stable, predictable and transparent intergovernmental fiscal transfer system. Thus, the research recommends that the federal government should give more emphasis to enhance the fiscal autonomy of sub-national governments so as to realize the potential benefits of effective fiscal federalism in Ethiopia. Fiscal Federalism, Assignment of expenditure, taxing responsibility, vertical fiscal imbalance, Fiscal autonomy and Intergovernmental fiscal transfer
The Achievements and Challenges of 20/80 Condominium Housing Project in Lemi Kura Sub-City, The Case of Yeka Tafo Site, Addis Ababa Ethiopia
(A.A.U, 2022-06) Nigussie, Getaneh; Abagissa, Jemal (Phd)
The study achieved its goals by offering answers to the fundamental questions. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the accomplishments and challenges of the 20/80 Condominium Housing Project in Lemi Kura Sub-city, with a focus on the Yeka Tafo site in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. For the study's completion, both primary and secondary data were gathered. Data was collected through structured questioners, interviews, and an office document review, all of which were created using factors described in the literature. A total of 180 questionnaires were distributed, with 174 respondents filling them out and returning them, accounting for 96.6 percent of the total. In addition to the surveys, interviews were performed with eight members of the client's management team, as well as a consultant and a contractor from the project office and all of them were interviewed. Furthermore, secondary data were collected from Addis Ababa housing project office five years annual plan of 20/80 Condominium housing project and the study area of project sites, central statistical agency, five years infrastructures plan and population project for Ethiopia. The reason why the researcher used different data sources was to increase the reliability and validity of data. This in turn enhances the quality of the research findings up which the conclusion can be drawn made. The data collected was examined using both quantitative and qualitative methods. The frequency and percentage techniques were utilized to examine the data using SPSS software. The analysis determined whether the government meets its goal of constructing 20/80 condominium housing units in the Lemi kuria sub-city on the yeka tafo site. Categorize the key factors that affect the project's time, cost, and quantity performance. According to the results of the open ended question, the majority of respondents believed that the project did not achieve its set objectives because of untimely release of funds, poor construction process follow-up, poor management system, inaccessibility of construction materials related to supply, transportation, and delivery for the project, and corruption. In general, but especially vital, all project participants must coordinate their efforts to build a large number of dwellings in order to create a more developed housing delivery system. Due to the increase in population, the demand for housing in the city is currently very strong. As a result, all interested parties should support the condominium housing project's construction in order to realize the project's objectives. Finally, this research offers its own recommendations for improving the project's performance. Key words: project Performance, time, cost and quantity factor.
The Achievements and Challenges of Kaizen theory Implementation the Case Sino Ethiop
(Addis Ababa University, 2016-05) Girma, Alebel; Abagissa, Jemal (PhD)
Kaizen is originated in Japan in 1950s as one of means that has been used widely in Asia to improve elements associated with the effectiveness of business organizations, with mainly benefits already well documented. The Government of Ethiopia, inspired by the practicality of the Kaizen Policy in the business firms, adopted it as an exemplary approach and tool of growth and development in July 2009. This study attempted to investigate the achievements and pinpoint the challenges of Kaizen theory implementation through basic Kaizen tools like 5s and waste elimination in Sino Ethiop in Addis Ababa. Descriptive and inferential methods were used to gather information about the present conditions in the companies. The purpose of employing this method is to describe the nature of the situation, as it exists at the time of the study and to explore the causes of particular phenomena.In order to achieve the aim of the study, the researcher used non- probability purposive sampling technique to select the managers and simple random sampling for kaizen promotion teams and facilitators and, operational workers. Questionnaire and semi structured interview are used as data collection instruments .through the implementation of kaizen Sino Ethiop Pharmaceutical company.Data collection techniques like site-observation, photographs, questionnaires dissemination, interview, and reviewing literatures were employed. For the statistical analysis, Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS)-Version 20 and Excel Spreadsheet were used. Various aspects of Kaizen implementation impacts in relation to quality and productivity improvements through 5S and waste elimination were assessed by classifying the subject into three categories: Level of implementation, Results/output of implementation and Challenges of implementation process. The result showed that there is a strong significant positive relationship between training and education, kaizen tools, kaizen pillars with kaizen achievements. The kaizen tools were positively and significantly correlated with quality, productivity, and profit. So as to utilize the effective implementation of kaizen the organization should work to train and educate employees about kaizen. It also needs to work to strengthen kaizen tools and kaizen pillars in order to improve the achievements of kaizen implementation. Key words: Kaizen, 5S, Waste, Standardization, Quality, Productivity, Sino Ethiop, EHGCs
Achievements, Opportunities and Challenges of Tourism Industry in Amhara National Regional State
(A.A.U, 2010-06) Sitotaw, Melese; Ayenew, Meheret (Dr.)
Tourism industry consists of all the firms, organizations and facilities which are intended to serve the specific needs and wants of tourists. The study was about the achievements, opportunities and challenges of tourism industry in ANRS. Assessing the coordination among the stakeholders, tourists view of service in the region, promotion and image building and protection and preservation of heritages were picked up as objectives. Primary data was collected using a structured questionnaire and interview was made with different parties. Secondary date from different sources was also used. The increase in tourists flow in past can be attributed to the socio-economic development and democratic processes that have taken place in the country over the past decade or so. Neve11heless, the most likely reason for tourists visiting the country and the region in particular is its rich cultural and historical heritage. The demand for attractions of the region exists. There has been growing appreciation for unique culture and history, scenery and archaeological sites, flora and fauna. This trend is forecasted to continue for the coming decade. The problem is the service sector has not been responding properly. Not only there exists limitation in correctly portraying the country to the world but the service sector is not competitive enough thought there have been improvements. This and others being the case, the growth in tourist flow has probably been in response to the international trend. Achievements have been registered in formulating regulations, providing trainings to different parties, information provision etc. Challenges include the country's lingering international image coupled with poor promotion, lack of coordination among the stake holders; conservation of heritages etc. If the industry has to develop and make meaningful contribution to the regional economy, achievements have to be strengthened and challenges dealt with and hence opportunities capitalized
Adoption of Kenyan, Nigerian and Tanzanian Best Practices in Communication Services Provision to Liberalize Telecommunication Sector in Ethiopia
(Addis Ababa University, 2014-06) Feleke, Belay; Dash, C. (prof)
Globally, the telecommunication sector is under a regular reform process in the form of privatization and liberalization of the market as well as establishing an independent regulatory authority to foster competition and protect the interests of customers from unjust practices of operators. As part of the globe, the policy and regulatory framework of the sector in many African countries also encouraging the involvement of private operators within the sector provided that they fulfill the necessary requirements to provide the service to people. For example, the mobile, fixed-line and internet segments in Kenya, Nigeria and Tanzania had multiple operators that provide the services in a competitive way. The respective regulatory authority are easing the market entry through introducing convergence licensing framework in which operators can provide any types of services using any kind of technology if they can do so. However, privatization, liberalization and other elements of telecommunication reform has not taken place in Ethiopian telecommunication sector even if private sectors are participating in resale services such as cyber café, tele-cente, cable work, etc. The country’s policy and regulatory framework restricts the privatization of the incumbent and the involvement of private operators to provide mobile, fixed-line, internet and other telecommunication services. Instead, it allows the national monopoly of the sector and a single government-owned operator (Ethio-telecom) solely provides all these services to more than 80 million Ethiopian population. The volatile of the region, the lion share of the sector for financing other projects as well as unwillingness of private sectors to expand universal services to costly areas are the major reasons for over-handed of the sector by the government. The general objective of this study, therefore, was to assess the experiences and best practices of Kenya, Nigeria and Tanzania in telecommunication service provision with the intention that Ethiopia can derive lessons to introduce reform elements in its telecommunication sector. The researcher employed both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The data gathered mainly from secondary sources and interview of the senior officials in Ethio-telecom and MoCIT. The study found that Kenya, Nigeria and Tanzania had improved the accessibility and affordability of telecommunication services as a result of continuous reform of the sector. For example, the Kenyan mobile penetration reached 77.3 % in 2013. The regulatory environment protects the customers’ interests since regulators are fully autonomous. In contrast, the monopoly market structure in Ethiopian telecommunication sector had negatively affected the penetration of services particularly, in mobile and internet services. The mobile penetration, for example in 2012, was as low as 20.42%. Moreover, various regulatory functions such as customer protection (e.g. through quality service monitoring as well as compliant management and resolution) are not properly implemented due to absence of independent regulatory authority for the sector and limited capacity of the incumbent. In addition, the telecommunication voice tariffs had not downwardly revised in recent years due to absence of competition within the market. Based on these findings, the researcher has recommended (if government is willing) that, as part of the globe, the Ethiopian government and/or policy makers should consider the reality of the world and gradually introduce privatization and competition to the sector with establishment of an independent regulatory authority. The government should have separate entities for regulation and policy-making functions. Moreover, the regulatory environment should protect the customers’ interest through implementing customers’ charter and service level agreement to specified quality standards so that the incumbent is accountable when it failed to achieve
Alternative Mechanisms of Electoral Systems for Vibrant Democracy and All Inclusive Representation in Ethiopia
(Addis Ababa University, 2008-06) Kahsay, Abraha; Ayenew, Meheret (PhD)
Electoral system design is being recognized as one of the key instruments in democracy in changing votes into seats. In Ethiopia since 1991 various elections have been held, and the electoral system in use is the plurality electoral system. The plurality electoral system is a system whereby, a party or a candidate who garnered most of the votes in a constituency is declared as a winner. It distorts the allocation of seats when changing votes into seats, and benefits the bigger parties. The system has the potential danger to produce a minority government as a result of ‘manufactured majority’ in the legislature, which can generally spell civil strife than democracy. Furthermore, it influences the behaviors of parties negatively in view of the culture of compromise and tolerance, and it is not as inclusive as much as possible to be recommended for such highly diversified and emerging democracy. This paper sets out to show the types of various electoral systems and their consequences. Ethiopia with its federal arrangement and in conjunction with its parliamentary system needs an electoral system that allows more inclusiveness than exclusion, a stable government that sustains credibility and legitimacy, than a government which looses credibility and legitimacy shortly, an electoral system that facilitates for compromises and tolerance than that widens the polarization of the political parties. To foster the democratization process and to redeem from the past backward political culture for a better future this paper argues for the re-thinking and redesign of the electoral system by substantiating with various evidences
Alternative Mechanisms of Electoral Systems for Vibrant Democracy and all Inclusive Representation in Ethiopia
(A.A.U, 2008-06) Kahsay, Abraha; Ayenew, Meheret (PhD)
Electoral system design is being recogni zed as one of the key instruments in democracy in changing votes into seats. In Ethiopia since 1991 various elections have been held, and the electoral system in use is the plurality electoral system. The plurality electoral system is a system whereby, a party or a candidate who ga111ered most of the votes in a constituency is declared as a winner. It distorts the allocation of seats when changing votes into seats, and benefits the bigger paJties. The system has the potential danger to produce a minority government as a resu lt of 'manufactured majority' in the legislature, which can generally spell civil strife than democracy. FUlthermore, it influences the behaviors of patties negatively in view of the culture of compromise and tolerance, and it is not as inclusive as much as possible to be recommended for such highly diversified and emerging democracy. This paper sets out to show the types of various electoral systems and their consequences. Ethiopia with its federal arrangement and in conjunction wi th its parliamentary system needs an electoral system that allows more inclusiveness than exclusion, a stable gove111ment that sustains credibility and legitimacy, than a gove111ment which looses credibility and legitimacy shortl y, an electoral system that faci litates for compromises and tolerance than that widens the polarization of the political parties. To foster the democrati zation process and to redeem from the past backward political culture for a better future this paper argues for the re-thinking and redesign of the electoral system by substantiating with various evidences
An Analysis of Factors Affecting Performance of Nurses in Public Hospitals and Health Centers in Addis Ababa
(Addis Ababa University, 2010-12) Negussie, Nebiat; Costantinos, BT.(PhD)
It is widely accepted that health systems are not producing the desired output of health interventions due to factors such as insufficient skilled and experienced health personnel, health personnel that lack motivation, lack of management skills, poor working conditions and environment, and inadequate remuneration. This study explores the factors that positively as well as negatively affect performance of nurses who are working in hospitals and Health centers administrated by Addis Ababa Health Bureau with the endeavor of providing a recommendation for improving the performance of nurses. The study followed a quantitative research approach using an explorative descriptive design. A survey method using questionnaires was applied. The response to the study was positive as a response rate of 85% was obtained. Baseline results revealed various factors, which affect performance. The study revealed that hospitals and health centers administrated by Addis Ababa health Bureau have major deficiencies in human resource management aspects such as to remuneration, benefits, reward, recognition, knowledge and skills base, staff development, Management skills, and competencies. These aspects are strongly associated with level of performance of health personnel. Based on the results, recommendations were proposed: enhancing the nursing profession; strengthening knowledge and expertise, including management skills; improving performance; and generating knowledge through research
Analysis of Inter Organizational Relation in Urban Health Extension Program Implementation through Policy Network Analysis: The Case of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
(Addis Ababa University, 2018-09) Ephrem, Weldeyes; Elias, Berhanu (PhD)
Ethiopia‟s Urban Health Extension Program (UHEP) is an innovative government plan to ensure health equity by creating demand for essential health services through the provision of health information at a household level and access to services through referrals to health facilities. The ministry of health has realized there is need for cross-sectorial support for urban health to achieve such an ambitions policy objective. Despite the substantial progress achieved in the UHEP, there have been considerable challenges such as unsatisfactory and inadequate collaboration among sector offices having important roles in implementing UHEP. By the aforementioned problems and the methodological gap the study sought to analyze inter organizational relations in UHEP implementation through policy network analysis. The study utilized social network approach to provide network structure and positon of actors in resource sharing, coordination and partnership networks with in UHEP implementation. The findings were based on 64 sample organizations and reveal that on average UHEP implementation network had resource sharing relationships with 2.9% (low density) and worked in coordination with 27.9% (lower density) and in partnership with 16.2% (low density) of the other UHEP implementers in the network. In the network of resource sharing the most central or influential actor were Woreda Health Office (WHO) and Health Center (HC). The Sub City Health Office (SCHO) has designed as the most central actor in the coordination network by other organizations. Regarding the partnership network, WHO was the most prominent actor in the network. The study conclude that More organizations worked independently towards similar goals while being aware of others work (coordination), than organizations working together as a formal team (partnership). The study also recommended some points to improve inter organizational relation in UHEP implementation such as policy maker should Create fluid boundaries and eliminate barriers for working across organizations, promote private health partnerships.
An Analysis of the Cause and Impact of Corruption and Anti-corruption Movement: A Case Study of Bahir Dar City Administration. (1996-1999 e.c.)
(A.A.U, 2007-07) Tafere, Abeje; Dhar, .Chakra (Dr)
This thesis analyzes the cause and impact of corruption; and the anti-corruption movelllent ill Bahir-Dar city Adminislmtion from 1996 up to 1999 e. c. to this effect data have been collected through both closed and open ended questionnaire from five randomly selected kebele administrations; and 250 respondents were selected randomly and 25 officials were also asked to respond to the questionnaire. besides this analysis the report of ANRS Ethics and anticorruption commission and personal observation of the researcher have been incorporaled ill 10 the research The study shows that exis tence of lengthy work procedure; lack of severe penalty on corrupt officials; absence of polilical stability; and cultuml problem related to corruplion are the 11111111 causes of corruption in the study area. Moreover, activities like leasing of land, purchas iug of goods and services thr01lgh bid process, traffic services, recruitment, promotion and trnn sfer of employees are the activities which lead to and result in corrupt practices. Corruption has washed out the trust of officials in government, influenced all public service delivery, and also become an obstacle for developmental activities of the city adlllinistralioll
An Analysis of the Performance of Women’s Entrepreneur in Micro –and Small -Enterprises in Gulele Sub-City of Addis Ababa: Challenges and the Way Forward
(A.A.U, 2021-09) Mesfin, Saba; G/Hiwot, Friehiwot (PhD)
Micro- and Small Enterprise (MSEs) are becoming important areas of emphasis for many developing countries in general and to Ethiopia in particular, primarily for their immense potential as a source of employment given that there are a many factors that affect their performance. In Ethiopia, the problems related to the growth of MSEs in different parts of the country in general, and in Gulele sub-city in particular face a high rate of failure because most MSEs operate along traditional lines in production and marketing. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors that affect performance of women’s entrepreneurs’ in micro and small enterprises in the above mentioned Sub-City. The study used descriptive research design. The total sample size was 155 respondents. The data analysis was processed by IBM- SPSS statistical software version 20 and the data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics. The study found that women entrepreneur’s performances in MSEs were constrained by economic factors, social factors and institutional factors. In addition, sseverity rank test result indicated that economic factors are Sever than institutional and social followed by the legal & administrative and social factors. Therefore, financial institutions need to be set up revolving fund aimed at incubating and help grow business of women entrepreneurs in Addis Ababa so they will be economically empowered and able to contribute to the development of the country. Key words and phrases: Women Entrepreneurs, Micro & Small Enterprises, Performance
An Analysis of the Prospects and Possible Challenges of Transition from Line Item to Program Budgeting Approach in Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia.
(Addis Ababa University, 2011-02) Gobezie, Michaele; Dash, C. (prof)
Identifying the importance of PB manner the government of Ethiopia has decided to replace the existing traditional line item budgeting approach by program budgeting. It has been argued in this thesis that the government of Ethiopia has made some good progress in introducing PB. It has been successful in initiating the shift in mindset of public servants and in instilling a performance culture in the public sector. The thesis uses in-depth interviews with the budget reform team members, questionnaires to budget experts in public bodies, discussions in training sessions and secondary data which are analysed qualitatively by categorising into themes. According to the finding the shift to PB was necessary to be more result oriented and responsive. All the formats are completed and trainings are given, public bodies are expected to prepare for the coming budget year, but there are a lot of challenges faced which are among others: low capacity of both MoFED to control and follow up and ministries to undertake the reforms genuinely and uniformly, methodological problems like complexity, agreements in terminologies, variations in understanding of objectives, programs, results/outputs, difficulties in costing methods and measuring outcomes, lack of attention and commitment of top level officials and also all staffs of the ministries. Finally based on the findings of the study, it is recommended that MoFED has to strengthen its capacity, keep the framework simple, ensure a genuine participation and ownership, design flexible and effective costing method and communicate it effectively in a gradual step by step approach to bring out the change. Therefore, it is recommended to delay the implementation of PB to the next fiscal year
Analysis of the Role of Stakeholders in the Ethiopian Construction Industry
(Addis Ababa University, 2018-06) Samuel, Melesse; Elias, Berhanu (PhD)
The construction industry is one of the most dynamic, uncertain and challenging sectors. Likewise the construction industry in Ethiopia is unstable economic sector and it faces a number of sectorial problems. The industry incorporates a wide range of stakeholders; stakeholder usually has vested interests in the industry. Hence, this study aimed at analyzing the role of key stakeholders in the construction industry of Ethiopia. The thesis was carried out as a qualitative study, the data collected from key stakeholders who are actively involved in the construction industry. Key informant interviews and document review of policy/regulatory documents were the main methods employed. The key stakeholders were at the centre of the analysis. Findings show that key stakeholders participation in the construction industry is fragmented. Public and private institution which actively involved in the construction industry have not shared plan. Partnerships and collaboration platforms are less developed in the industry. At the recommendations, building the capacity of key stakeholders, create conducive environment to make them competitive in the industry, enhance the regulatory framework to strengthen their contributions, mobilization of adequate financial resources and effective communication is found to be very vital for getting the support, commitment and increased involvement of key stakeholders in the Ethiopian construction industry.
Analysis of Youth Policy Formulation and Implementation with a Special Emphasis on Youth Participation: A Multiple Case Analysis
(Addis Ababa University, 2019-06) Rona, Ali; Abate, Sebsibe (PhD)
The FDRE National Youth Policy emphasized the role of youth in determining their own destiny through their active participation in the formulation and implementation of policies and strategies that affect them. Accordingly, the purpose of the study was to analyze youth policy formulation and implementation focusing on the participation of the youth and explore the challenges in the implementation of strategies for youth participation in the policy process. A policy analysis framework was used to analyze the content, the role of actors, and the context of the development of the policy and policy packages and demonstrate the dynamics among them. In addition, youth access and influence on the policy process was analyzed to gauge the progress made in realizing the democratic rights of the youth and their meaningful participation. The methodology used is a multiple case study approach at macro, meso and micro levels to analyze the formulation and implementation processes at various levels of administration. A qualitative approach was used to analyze the research questions in the study. In-depth interviews with key informants, document review and observation methods of data collection were used and in addition served as a way to triangulate the data. A purposive sampling method was used to select and undertake in-depth interviews with a total of 15 Key Informants from both the government i.e the Youth Department at the Ministry, Youth Bureau at Addis Ababa City Government and the youth secretariats in the selected Sub-city and woreda, and the Youth actors comprising of the Ethiopian Youth Federation, Addis Ababa Youth Federation and Addis Ababa Youth Association. The Key Informants were selected for their special knowledge and insights of the policy formulation and implementation processes and different interview guides were used for each organization, group and various hierarchical levels to obtain the data. Findings indicate that most of the progressive strategies for ensuring the meaningful participation of the youth through independent participation of the youth in the policy process, implementing structures and mechanisms forwarded in the National Youth Policy have not been reflected in the subsequent policy packages and there were insignificant changes among the various policy packages. Findings also indicated as one of the challenges in the policy process, the state’s influence on the policy environment which limited the participation of the youth to government affiliated national and regional youth federations and associations which are under the shadow of the government as they rely on it for their financial needs which in turn has affected their bargaining power. The government’s youth departments at the City government level also face similar issues of capacity which impeded the monitoring and coordination of youth issues and in addition face autonomy issues due to the top-down approach of the federal government. In conclusion, the government has been lagging in ensuring the participation of the youth through the provision of access to the policy process and enhancing the quality of their participation. Strong legal frameworks to ensure the autonomy of the youth organizations and creative ways to reach and involve youth are necessary to safeguard the participation of the youth.
Anti Money- Laundering and Countering the Financing of Terrorism Regime : Practices by the Ethiopian Financial Intelligence Center
(Addis Ababa University, 2016-03) Lakew, Ashenafi; Yitayew, Abebe(PhD)
The main objective of this study is to assess the implementation and practice of AML/CFT regime in the case of FIC, and to measure the level of awareness and knowledge about AML/CFT of commercial banks of Ethiopia, the study also evaluates the challenges that banks face while practicing the regime and the benefits get by complying the administration are assessed. AML/CFT is a global issue, all regimes in the world are required to cooperate with each other to apply FATF’s Recommendation’s which are endorsed by UN and criminalize ML/TF, Ethiopia has started practicing AML/CFT in its banks and insurances, many progresses are made in the country within these few years. Based on the respondents from both FIC and commercial banks have been discharging their responsibilities by implementing and practicing AML/CFT at a moderate level, the finding show that both FIC staffs and risk and compliance department staffs in commercial banks have knowledge and awareness about the AML/CFT regime and they took adequate and basic training concerning of the preventive measurement of money laundering and terrorist financing offence. However, AML/CFT regime practice revealed that the existence of informal sector and cash based economy has exacerbating the money laundering offences, further, the finding confirmed that political Exposed Persons, Corruption and implementing Customer Due Diligence (CDD) & Know Your Customer (KYC) are serious challenges for banks. AML/CFT benefits measures confirmed that commercial banks understand the benefits of practicing the regime, the mean score in this regard is very high and above average. Key Words: Ant-Money Laundering, Countering the Financing of Terrorism, Financial Intelligence Center
Applicability of Appreciative Inquiry as Leadership Model in Public Organizations: the Case of Bureau of Health, Addis Ababa City Government
(Addis Ababa University, 2015-05) Kagnew, Haimanot; Hadaro, Filmon (PhD)
The quest for public service leadership practices are constantly changing in line with dynamics in resource scarcity and the growing demand for quality services. Theoretical lenses that are informed by transactional and transformational leadership practices are also revisited. More efficient and strength based approaches are recommended under resource constraints and growing service demand. More strength based approaches look for flexibility that accommodates diverse interests and possibilities, wider participation for consensus-building and using work place problems as learning opportunity. These aspects of leadership strengths are proposed from findings of empirical studies. These leadership strengths constitute the 4-D parameters and 8- assumptions of Appreciative Inquiry Model which are unique features of appreciative inquiry approach to leadership and are important in leadership development in public organizations. This study was aimed at analyzing the applicability of the Appreciative Inquiry Model in the Addis Ababa Health Bureau. The study employed qualitative research approach and conducted key informants interview with purposively selected top leaders and administered questionnaires for staffs. The result of the study showed that strength based approach is practiced within the bureau. The result also confirmed that staffs were not participating in major organizational decisions. Top leaders that participated in the key informant interview argued that the bureau has put in place bottom-up planning and evaluation system and “all” actors at all levels were participating. Flexibility in handling office matters and constructive learning opportunities from the problems and challenges of the bureau are found to be limited. The study concluded that the Addis Ababa bureau of health is practicing aspects of the Appreciative Inquiry Model as part of leadership development. This was evidenced by the efforts of the bureau in setting conducive working environment for staffs which will improve quality of health services to clients. The study thus recommends that the health bureau has to enhance participation of staff in key decisions and promote constructive learning opportunities from problems facing the sector. In order to make this happen the 4D-8-assumption appreciative inquiry practices should be implemented side by side with conventional transactional and transformational leadership practices. Key Words: Appreciative inquiry model, leadership development, public organizations
Application of Good Governance Principles for Urban Land Development and Management in Addis Ababa City Administration: the Practices and Challenges in Yeka Sub-City.
(Addis Ababa University, 2016-06) Melese, Nigussie; Hadaro, Filmon (PhD)
This research is aimed at assessing land development and management practices and challenges in Yeka Sub-City administration. The study assessed the problem by applying good governance principles under the five good governance dimensions. In order to achieve the above mentioned objectives, literature review was undertaken that includes previous studies, various land management books and manuals. Thus with this literature review a conceptual framework was developed and a feasible methodology has evolved. Questionnaires, interview and document review checklists were used as research tools to collect data. The qualitative data was analyzed using narrative explanation. The findings of the study revealed that land development and management processes are not transparent to the service users. Weak citizen participation in the land development and management and unequal treatment of clients in the service provision were observed as key problems. The study also revealed that service users were dissatisfied on the performance of land development and management officials in their service delivery for different needs. Finally, based on the findings of the study, recommendations were forwarded. Key Concepts: Land development, land management, good governance principle
Assesment of Training Practice of the Addis Ababa City Administration Urban Management Institute
(A.A.U, 2010-05) Merawi, Mahetem; Dash, C.D. (Prof.)
The main purpose of this study was to assess the current practice of training program conducted by the city administration urban management Institute (UMI) in light of training theories and principles. To conduct this study, a descriptive survey method was employed. Simple and purposive sampling techniques were used. The data were collected through questionnaire, structured interview and document analysis. The samples for this purpose were taken from a total of 17 Urban management officials and Trainers, 49 city and cub city officials and 42 trainees who took part in the training programs conducted by UMI as actual sources of information. Data analysis was made using descriptive statistics, frequency count and percentage. The major findings were the practice of conducting training need assessment prior to training were found non existent, the involvement of client organizations and employees in setting training objectives and content selection had been neglected. All of the training programs offered were short term off-the-job-trainings and no emphasis has been given to on-the-job-training methods. The system of evaluation by which the effectiveness of training programs was assessed focused used mainly on ~ training evaluation during and after training using training evaluation formats and questionnaires. Besides, inadequate budget, lack of management support, inadequate organizational facility and Absence of client organizations participation in overall training provisions were seen as some of the Major constraints in the training endeavors it can then be concluded that training investments by the city administration offices didn't produce or achieved the intended goals because of poorly designed and implemented training programs which were not linked to performance problems. UMI didn't facilitate the participation of stake holders in setting objectives and content selection. Thus in light of the above problems the following recommendations were forwarded. Needs assessment has to be carried out systematically; UMI should develop training directives which include guides for needs assessment, selection criteria, and Other issues. Participation of stake holders has to be encouraged in setting objectives and content Selection for training endeavors. Evaluation has to be practiced all the way through the training programs using varions assessment techniques.

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