Educational Leadership and Management

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    A Comparative Study on Instructional Leadership Practice of Principals in Government and Private Secondary Schools in Arada Sub City of Addis Ababa
    (Addis Ababa University, 2013-05) Tegene Mengistu; Kenenisa Dabi
    This study was conducted to assess the current status of instructional leadership practices of principals in government and private secondary schools in Arada Sub City of Addis Ababa. Instructional leaders involvement in defining and communicating the school mission, managing curriculum and instruction, supervising instruction and promoting a positive school learning climate were taken as indicators to study instructional leadership practices of principals. Major facial's that confect instructional leadership practices are also treated. For the study descriptive survey design was used. The simple random and purposive sampling techniques were employed to select the samples in the study. Based on This the study was conducted in 6 secondary schools, 3 government and the real three were private schools. Principals, vice principals, supervisors, department heads, teachers and students were used as respondents of the study. Questionnaire, semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, document analysis and observation check-list were used as data collection instruments. The data collected through the questionnaires were analyzed by using SPSS version 20 in terms of percentiles, mean score, standard deviation and test statistical analysis procedures. For the semi- structured interviews and open ended questions the data were analyzed by using the content analysis technique. Findings Foam the data analysis revealed that the role of females on instructional leadership position is below average in government schools and is negligible in private schools. Most of the principals of secondary schools do not fulfill the criterion set by MOE in their academic qualification and their area of specialization was other than fields of educational leadership and management. The extent to which principals exercise the different instructional leadership dimensions was found to be slightly moderate in both government and private schools. However in promoting a positive school learning climate and in managing curriculum and instruction private schools were rated for better Performance in the questionnaires. On the other hand government school principals show better Performance in defining and communicating school mission and in some activities of instructional supervision. Generally it can be concluded that, even though private schools were able to practice the different dimensions of instructional leadership both government and private school principals were not performing their task as they were supposed to do. For this lack of skill and knowledge, unable to empower others, wastage of instructional time, low motivation of teachers and students, lack of adequate instructional resources and lack of vision were some of the factors that affect the leadership activities of the principal. Following the findings and conclusion drawn, it is recommended that schools should be led by experienced and trained principals in educational leadership. Teachers and students should be highly motivated so as to develop interest and satisfaction on their jobs. Instructional leaders need to have personal vision for their schools aimed at high achievement of learners. Principals have to •work to the maximum in preventing wastage of instructional time. Thus to improve the current instructional leadership practices of principals the school community, Woreda education bureau, Sub City Education Office and Addis Ababa Education bureau should work in collaboration with each other.
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    A Study on Principals' Instructional Leadership Effectiveness and Influencing Factors in Governmment Second Cycle Primary Schools of Adami Tulu Jido Kombolcha Woreda
    (Addis Ababa University, 2018-06-01) Geremew Terfa; Yekunoamlak Alemu
    The purpose of this study was to assess the current status of instructional leadership effectiveness and to investigate some of the factors that affect its provision in public primary second cycle of ATJK Woreda. Two research questions were used and a simple random sampling technique was employed to select sample schools. Further, 92 teachers (65 males and 27 females) were selected using systematic sampling technique. Questionnaires, FGD and interview instruments were applied for this study. A questionnaire that consists of 44 items was employed to collect data which was analyzed using mean ratings and ranking. Findings indicated that the extent of provision of instructional support to teachers by the head teachers was low.FGD made with teachers and supervisors also indicated that, the sampled school principals conducted class room observations rarely and also did not provide constructive feedback as of lack skills on how to conduct supervision. It was also found out that personal and organizational characteristics were affecting the success of principals in their instructional leadership practices. In conclusion, the head teachers did not sufficiently provide instructional leadership and support to teachers. Among the recommendation was that the Ministry of Education should provide special financial support to the primary schools in ATJK Woreda to ensure equitable quality educational at all areas
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    Active Learning and its Influence on Students’ Academic Achievements in Yaka Sub City Selected Secondary Schools
    (Addis Ababa University, 2017-03) Kahsay Kidane; Ayalew Shibeshi
    The purpose of this study was to investigate active learning and its influence on students’ academic achievements in Yekasubcity, selected three secondary schools, namely Karalo Secondary School, Millennium Secondary School, and BirhanGuzo Secondary school. To conduct the study descriptive method was used. Atotal 60 students, 45 teachers, and 12 principals participated in the study and completed questionnaire. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were employed. In order to give equal chance to respondent’s random sampling was employed for students and teachers, and purposive sampling employed for principals. Questionnaire, interview and documents used as data gathering tools. The collected data by questionnaire were analyzed using frequency percentage and descriptive statements. In addition qualitative data were analyzed immediately after finished the interviews and observations. The finding of the study indicates that almost all of the participants of the study have perceived active learning positively. The study also revealed active learning is implemented effectively and it has a significance role in enhancing students’ academic achievements. According to the finding lack of instructional materials were the major factors influencing the implementation of active learning. Finally it is highly recommended that school administers and teachers should address the problem of unavailability of instructional materials by mobilizing communities, parents and other stockholders. Additionally training on active learning should be provided for those who lack the skill and knowledge on active learning.
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    Administrative and Staff Readiness for Potential Use of ICT in Education: The Case of College of Education, AAU
    (Addis Ababa University, 2007-05) Miressa Nerne; Dessalegn Chalchisa
    This work presents an investigation of ICT policy of AA U and preparedness of College of Education to integrate ICT into the teaching-learning process. The ICT policy of the University and the readiness of the administrative bodies of the College of Education to integrate ICT were investigated using interview and document analysis. Preparedness of the teaching staff of the College of Education in terms of ICT use, awareness of emerging ICTs, attitude towards ICT and competency(skill) in the use of emerging ICTs were studied using questionnaire. The data obtained through interview and document analysis were analyzed qualitatively while the one obtained through the questionnaire was analyzed using frequency tables and graphs. It was found that ICT policy is currently non-existent at AA U It was, however, found that the University was on the way of developing ICT policy. The .findings also showed that the majority of the teaching staff were using ICTs particularly computers (96.9%) and internet (95.7%). Most of the teaching staffs (93.4%) were found to be using computers daily. As of the competence of the teaching staff on some of the basic ICT applications the study exhibited that the perception of the majority was promising especially on word processing, emailing and internet browsing. The teaching staff and the management team were also found to have positive attitude towards ICT in education. An investigation of the College's infrastructure readiness revealed that there was a serious problem of access to ICTs by the students i.e. the current ICTs were only serving the teaching staff and the administrative offices. The ICT integration level -at AA U, College of Education was seen in light of a proposed ICT integration model. It was f ound that the characteristics of the College of Education resemble a typical institution at the first phase, Emerging Phase, of the proposed ICT integration model. It was, so, recommended that the College of Education needs to work hard to meaningfully integrate ICT into the education sy tem so that movement to the next phases, applying, integrating and transforming could be possible
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    Administrative Performance and Its Influence on Support Staff Turnover at the College of Natural and Computational Sciences of Addis Ababa University
    (Addis Ababa University, 2018-06) Negesse Kassie; Melaku Yimam
    This study examined the major factors of administrative performance and its influence on support staff turnover at the College of Natural and Computational Sciences (CNCS), Addis Ababa University. To address the main objective of the study, four basic research questions were developed. These were to examine factors of administrative performance of CNCS that aggravated support staff turnover, to assess demographic characteristics of support staff that left the college during 2006-2009 E.C., the measures the college had taken to reduce support staff turnover and to suggest possible mechanisms to reduce turnover at CNCS. The major data collection techniques used were survey questionnaires (quantitative and qualitative), interview and document analysis. The major participants in this study were current support and resigned staffs members of CNCS. The total number of current support staff was 497 of which 149 samples were selected using simple random sampling technique while the total number of resigned staff was 54 of which 16 samples were chosen using snowball sampling for this study. The major statistical tool employed in this study was descriptive statistics. Frequency and percentage were used to analyze demographic items. The result of the finding showed the trends of support staff turnover that had been increasing from year to year. This finding revealed that the dominant administrative performance factors that influenced support staff turnover were directly related to compensation and benefit packages, development opportunities, working environment and job characteristics. To reduce support staff turnover, the college provided incentives of overtime work at certain work units. The college also prepared a special program to provide rewards (laptop, computers, certificates and household furniture) for good performers that motivate support staff members to stay longer at CNCS, but they were not satisfied with the invectives and rewards. This brought about continuous turnover of current support staff that affected overall effectiveness of the college. Hence, CNCS needs to concentrate on improving its administrative performance packages and emphasizes the magnitude of compensation and benefit packages to boost support staffs’ morale, motivation, performance and retain them longer..
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    An Assessment of Causes of Primary School Principals' Turnover in Arada Sub-city of Addis Ababa City Administration
    (Addis Ababa University, 2012-06-01) Elias G-Yesus; Melaku Yimam
    The main purpose of this study was to assess the causes of principals' turnover in government and public primary schools of Arada sub-city administration of Addis Ababa. Descriptive research method was employed in this study. Document analysis was employed to examine the rate of principals' turnover within the past five years (1999 E. C. - 2003 E. C.). A total of 78 respondents (28 on-duty primary school principals, 30 primary school ex-principals, 5 primary school cluster supervisors, 5 Sub-city educational officials and 10 other Woreda educational experts) from Arada sub-city administration, Addis Ababa were selected based on purposive sampling technique. Data collection for this study relied on self-report questionnaire, semi-structured interviews and document analysis. The questionnaires were prepared to collect data from on-duty principals, ex-principals and cluster supervisors about the problem under investigation. In addition, interviews were conducted with five sub-city Educational Office Officials and ten other Woreda Education Office Experts so as to crosscheck and enrich the data gathered through the questionnaire. Depending on the type of basic questions and the nature of the data, the frequency counts were converted into percentages as well as other computations such as mean scores were employed to analyze the data. Figures were also used to interpret and summarize the findings where necessary. SPSS (Version 16) was also employed to see the relationship between job dissatisfaction and principals' turnover. In addition, the information that was obtained through interview and document analysis was presented through narrative description to complete the data obtained by means of questionnaires. The findings of the study showed that: 1); among others,inadequate selection and promotion method, poor supervision and poor working condition are the administrative related causes of principals , turnover; 2) principals also quitted their job as a result of socio-economic related causes such as low pay and non-salary benefits in addition to administrative related causes; 3) the most serious potential source of principals 'turnover is found to be 'administrative related causes '; 4) principals' turnover has debilitative effects on students, on teachers and on the overall works of the school; 5)there is moderate negative relationship (1'=-.51, p=<0.01) between principals' turnover rate and job satisfaction; and 6) most of on-duty principals have plan to leave their current jobs for good.Based on the findings of this study, among others, some of the recommendations that were made are as follows: 1) educational officials at Sub-city and Woreda levels should make the administrative system transparent in which principals and teachers feel that they are part of the system; 2); experts and/or officials of Woreda and Sub-city Educational Offices shouldensure employee-consulted leadership style; 3) There should also be equity of promotional opportunity among employees of the same qualification and work experience; and 4) Woreda and Sub-city Educational Offices should establish effective grievance system at all levels.
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    An Assessment of Community Participation In School Improvement Program in Government of Primary Schools In Kimbibit Woreda, North Shoa, Oromia Region
    (Addis Ababa University, 2023-06) Aklilu Mitiku; Zenebe Baraki
    The purpose of this study was to assess community participation in school improvement program in five selected primary schools of Kimbibit Woreda. Community participation in education plays a determinant role in developing quality education. In light of this, the specific objectives of this study were to determine the levels of community participation in school improvement program, to examine the roles played by school principals to involve community in SIP and, analyze factors affecting levels of community participation in school improvement program. To carry out the designed objectives in effective manner, both qualitative and quantitative research approaches were employed. Five government primary schools were selected as sample for the study. Questionnaire, interviews and document analysis were the data collection tools, employed in this study. To analyze the collected data from sample primary schools the researcher used both descriptive and inferential statistics approaches by using Statistical Package for Social science (SPSS version 21). The major findings that were identified from this study showed that the level of community participation in school improvement program in sample primary school was low. The role played by school principals in urging to the community to participate in school improvement program (SIP) was found to be inadequate. Furthermore, regarding factors affecting the level of community participation in SIP, out of twelve explanatory variables, nine variables showed significant effect on the level of community participation in SIP. Thus, to alleviate the major factors encountered with community participation PTSA, KETB, SIC members at all levels in the process of school improvement program, it is necessary to provide clear and specific guide line, provide training to community representatives, conduct meeting, motivate and encourage PTSA, KETB, SIC members organizing experience sharing programs; provide rewards for those who have better performance in the implementation of school improvement program. A similar study should be done to assess the impact of community participation (involvement) in secondary schools of Kimbibit Woreda. * Key words: - Community participation, School improvement program (SIP), School community member
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    An Assessment of Principal's Leadership Effectiveness in Preparatory Schools of Addis Ababa
    (Addis Ababa University, 2012-06) Shibeshi Alem; Tilaye Kassahun
    The main purpose of this study was to assess the extent to which the principals were effective in facilitating the teaching learning process in selected preparatoryschools of Addis Ababa. The study also dealt with assessing the actualexperience and problems of principals in government schools. The research method employed in the study was descriptive survey. Accordingly, aquestionnaire for teachers and principals was prepared and data were collectedfrom 316 random sampling lottery method teachers and 30 principal usingavailability sampling. In order to analyze the data descriptive statistical toolssuch frequency, percentage cross tab and employed. The findings of the studyrevealed that principals are less effective in their instructional leadership due tolack of experience and qualification in the profession. Moreover, the principalswere predominantly occupied with managerial junction than instructionalleadership. The principals were also found to be less effective in promoting andfacilitating the participation of the stakeholders in their leadership. Thus, it wasrecommended that capacity building activities should in place to empowerprincipals in order to let them perform their duties efficiently on instructionalleadership than managerial activities; participatory approach of leadershipshould be encouraged so that the stake holders get the chance to involvethemselves in various school-related activities.
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    An Assessment of the Implementation of Integrated Functional Adult Literacy Programs in Addis Ababa the Case of Gulelle Sub City
    (Addis Ababa University, 2015-06-01) Addisu Teketel; Zenebe Baraki
    The main purpose of this study was to investigate and analyzed the current practices of the implementation of integrated functional adult literacy program in Addis Ababa the case of Gulelle sub city. Hence to find out the current states of IFALP implementation, descriptive survey method was employed. The subjects in this study were 142 adult learners, 20 coordinators being a total of 167 respondents. Simple random sampling technique was employed to select respondents of the study. Frequency count, percentage and mean were used to analyze the collected data. The study used more of quantitative method so that questionnaire,interview and observation were the main instruments of data collection. result of the study discovered that adult students' profile especially the age limits were in line with the idea in the National Adult Education strategy of the country. And the level of implementation of integrated functional adult literacy program in the sub city found in average level. For this level of achievement the study found different problems. Weak participation of stakeholders, lack of effective leadership skill, adult learners' persona problems like altitude, economic and social problems of adult learners ,inappropriate salay allotments of the facilitators, improper budget allotment for the program were some of the problems. Finally based on the findings possible conclusion and recommendation were given below. Successful program implementation practice is the product of hard work and inspiration of stakeholders at different levels. Thus all stakeholders have to make energetic effort for the successjiil implementation of the program as the desired level. Sufficient budgets with their clear policy and implementers should be allotted or the flourishing implementation of IFALP particularly in the sub city,in general in the country. Finally training has to be given for education officials on how to use efficiently both human and material resource in the implementation of IFAL.
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    An Assessment on the Colleges of Teacher Education Staffs' Perception on Ethical Leadership Behavior and Practice of their Leaders in Oromia Regional State
    (Addis Ababa University, 2014-06-01) Getachew Solomon; Dawit Mekonnien
    The purpose of this study was to assess the extent to which CTE leaders demonstrate ethical leadership behaviour and practices. In an attempt to achieve the purpose of the study descriptive survey design was employed. To this end, standardized questionnaires (i.e ELS and LPI), were adapted to the Ethiopian college culture and utilized as instrument for data collection. Since the target population of the study was colleges of teacher education, 127 staffs and 17 leaders were participated in the study. Male Staffs were selected using simple random sampling and female staffs and leaders were selected using purposive sampling techniques. The data collected from the questionnaires was first edited, coded and feed into a computer for further analysis. In the analysis of the data, the SPSS 20 for Windows package program was used and out puts such as mean values and standard deviation were employed As a result, the following major findings were obtained: CTE Leaders performed high in communication ethics sub level and slightly good in climatic ethics than others. But leaders performed poorly in the "ethics in decision-making " and behavioural Ethics sub-levels. Moreover, female staffs and senior staffs didn't find the principals ' ethical leadership adequate compared to their male counterparts and young staff respectively. Therefore,it was concluded that CTE leaders' have demonstrated less than satisfactory ethical leadership behaviours. Hence, it was recommended that Oromia education bureau needs to give due emphasis to bridge the observed behavioural gaps of the CTE leaders by organizing training on communicative ethics.In addition,CTE leaders' should be aware of the three dimensions of ethical leadership.In this regard, it is suggested that Oromia REB should organize a college context tailored workshop in the area of ethical leadership
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    Analysing the Factors of Internal Efficiency in Government Secondary Schools of Amaro Kore Zone in South Ethiopia Region
    (Addis Ababa University, 2023-09) Minalu Tilahun; Jeilu Umar
    The general objective of this study was to analyze the factors of internal efficiency in governmental secondary schools of Amaro kore zone in South Ethiopia Region. The study endeavors to identify the major causes that may affect internal efficiency positively or negatively, and recommend the possible remedy that enhance secondary educational efficiency of the zone. To achieve these objective mixed approach with explanatory design were implemented. The quantitative data was collected from students, teachers and school principals by using purposive sampling, because these subjects were the most related with the issues. Parents were selected using purposive sampling whereas, four secondary schools were selected randomly. The zone trend of dropout and repetition rate of secondary schools was showing fluctuating with varying increase and decrease over the years but it ended up with an increasing trend in grade twelve analyzed from document. Based on the research finding, some of the major factors causing for students’ dropout and repetition rate were divided in to five categories and they are listed in the causing order from the most savior to less; school related factors, the second category is teacher related, the third factor was parent related, the fourth factor was student related; and the fifth category was geographical factors. In order to eliminate these challenging, the researcher suggests the following remedies: in order to enhance parent literacy and awareness raising program; enhanced schools’ facilities and resources and limiting the student’s involvement in family work were the major ones. Finally, all Woreda and zone education office workers, school based supervisors, school’s administrators, teachers and parents have to work hard and provide serious follow up to make schools show continuous trend in decreasing student dropout and repetition rate.
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    Analysis of the Development Process of the Bahir Dar Teachers' College Pedagogical Syllabus
    (Addis Ababa University, 1991-06) Nigussie Kassahun; Abebe Bekele
    The purpose of this study was to analyze the development process of the Bahir Dar Teachers' College Pedagogical syllabus with the intention of determining its effectiveness. A model was identified and relevant literature was to have an understanding of the principles and employed in the process of syllabus development in the identified model. An attempt was made to see between the model and what has been practiced development of the program. reviewed criteria light of the fit in the To this end different methods of data gathering tools such as questionnaire, interview and document analysis were used to get the necessary information. The data obtained through the different tools and document analysis was interpreted and analyzed. The findings indicate that the syllabus for the pedagogy program was first developed in 1973-74 and was revised 1n 1977-78. The first syllabus was found to have been developed following a systematic procedure guided by a theoretical framework. In the process attempts were made to follow the objectives model to some extent. Needs were assessed and objetives were determined on the basis of the information obtained. content selection and evaluation were also points of conern in the development of the syllabus. However, there were certain limitations and these were attributed to shortage of time caused by the urgency of the task. The second revised program appeared after the "Edget Behiberet Zemecha". The development of the revised program was found out to be lacking any theoretical framework used as a guideline due to lack of clearly set educational aim. This was so because the direction of the Ethiopian Revolution by then was not known to anyone so as to formulate a clearly defined national aims of education. Though the syllabus development process of the college was influenced by factors which hindered it not to follow any systematic procedure at its initial it has remained without being revised since then. After analysing the findings it was concluded syllabus development practice fails to fit the model and is found to be ineffective. that the objectives Based on the findings, which includes the views of the graduates of the program, it is recommended that the program needs to be revised in such a way that defects could be rectified
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    Assessing Contextual and Prospective Situations of E-Learning Integration in Ethiopian Higher Education Institutions: The Case of Addis Ababa University (Aau)
    (Addis Ababa University, 2021-12) Melaku Mulugeta; Fekadu
    This study was aimed at exploring AAU’s status in efforts towards e-learning integration by assessing accessibility of vital hardware and software e-learning resources to instructors, e-learning literacy level of instructors, digital practice level of instructors as well as institutional support provided in technical and pedagogic needs to the academic staff. In order to get answers for the basic questions, a partially mixed method was employed on purposively selected three colleges and a school of AAU. Totally 126 instructors were randomly selected from all departments in cluster sampling technique, of which 108 returned completed questionnaires. The questionnaires were tabulated and analyzed, supplemented by interviews with an ICTDO director, two program directors two associate deans and two vice directors taken as key informants. Document analysis, especially review of the AAU digital platform covered infrastructure topic. For data analysis, mean values, standard deviation and Likert scale were used. The results indicated that AAU’s instructors’accessibility to digital resource, basic ICT tools and internet was adequate, but digital skill and practice level were very low in techno-pedagogical areas. Instructors’ e-learning practice in instructional planning, delivery and browsing for professional development aspects was very insignificant. The technical support need was not consistent; but comparatively better among CEBS and CHJC. Network and administration, and maintenance issues are signified as concerns of instructors in applying e-based instructional practice. Capacity development tasks were COVID-19 initiated, not well-planned and were not practiced at university-level programmed packages. Absence of e-learning policy and an institutional frame work suited specifically for e-leadership; as well as limited sense of ownership at top level so far were stressed as profound challenges to the e-learning integration from the Instructor-User side. Thus the integration level at AAU was found to be at initial stage. Based on the results, the study suggests availing comprehensive e-literacy and e-based pedagogy capacity development programs for staffs, speeding up ratification of inclusive e-policy based on an all-rounded baseline study and, scaling up user attitude in organized manner. It is possible to conclude that the bright future of AAU as a graduate university among Ethiopian HEIs can be realized by enacting sound e-learning policy with strong all-rounded e-leadership that focuses on improving user and institutional aspects of e-learning system. Keywords: E-learning, integration, higher education institutions, institutional support
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    Assessing Managerial Effectiveness of Woreda Education Offices in West Arsi Zone, Oromia National Regional State
    (Addis Ababa University, 2012-06-01) Dule Emmi; Yekuno Amlak
    The objective of this study was to examine the managerial effectiveness of Woreda EducationOffice in West Arsi Zone. The study was delimited to 5 Woreda and one Administration Town.The source of data was primary and secondary sources. The primary data was collected fromWoreda education heads,team leaders, experts and Zonal head. While, secondary data wascollected from documents of Woreda Education Offices that was related to planning, resourcesand the criteria of assigning and recruiting educational managers. Total of 89 copies ofquestionnaires was distributed to 22 Woreda Education Officials and 67 experts of EducationalOffices. Besides, interview was conducted with Woreda education heads and zonal head. Adescriptive survey method was used. The participant's of Woreda educationexperts wereselected by simple random sampling, whereas, the Woreda education officialsand Zonal head were selected by availability sampling. As the result of the analysis made the following finding were obtained under managerial junctions and availability of resources. More specifically, the majority of respondents were rated poor in common that, preparing short, medium and longterm educational plan on the basis of Zonal and Regional level plan, the involvement of stakeholders and gathering detail information during plan preparation and decision making, quality of decision making, the assign of right person at right places, the high turnover, the quality of leadership, recognizing rewarding and commitments of educational leaders, team heads and experts, 'the availability of qualified and experienced heads and officials in educational planning and management, availability of transport means and other infrastructure and the availability and utilization of financial resources. To this regarded, woreda educationoffices in West Arsi Zone was poor implementation of educational goal and objective. Therefore, Woreda Education Office~: should commitment, motivate in there woke, established good governance and establshe conducive environment in their offices.
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    Assessment Linkage Between Technical Vocational Education and Training and Micro and Small Enterprise: The Case of TVET Institution in Chagni Town
    (Addis Ababa University, 2017-06) Atsede Kebede; Girma Zewdie
    The purpose of this study was to assess the linkage between Chagni TVET institutions and MSEs in Awi Zone of Amhara National Regional state. The approach used in this research was a mixed approach which makes the use of both quantitative and qualitative description. To this end, questionnaire and interview tools of data collection were employed. The information gleaned through questionnaire from a sample of 30 trainers, 220 trainees and 380 operators. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with head of collage, head of MSE and head of MFI. The respondents of trainers, trainees and operators were selected using random sampling technique. While the interview questions were selected using purposive sampling techniques. Thus, the collected data were tabulated, presented and analyzed by using frequency and percentage distribution. The empirical study obtained that, there is a weak linkage between TVE and MSE sectors. Since (98.7%) respondents responded, there is no policies implementation on the ground in case of linkage, the relevance of curriculum with labour market is unfit and government support is poor. Based on the major findings, it could be concluded that there is a weak linkage between TVET and MSE sectors. To suggest that, there is a need for the endorsement of linkage policy as guidelines for implementing in both sectors to strengthening the partnership between TVET institution and MSE organizations, improving career guidance as necessary mechanism for helping students to select a marketable field of study and operators to strengthen their work effectively and producing the standardized curriculum that fits with the current markets
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    Assessment of Factors Affecting Employment Situations for Business Stream Regular Program Graduates of Entoto Technical and Vocational Education and Training College
    (Addis Ababa University, 2007-07) Ahmed Yimam; Wegayehu Tebeje
    This study was designed to assess the factors affecting employment situations of business stream graduates of Entoto TVET College. The study was undertaken in Addis Ababa, by taking business stream graduates of Entoto TVET College. The major sources of data for the study were 208 graduates, 20 employing organizations, 3 deans of the college, 3 guidance officers of the college, and one official from education bureau of Addis Ababa. Responses were categorized and inserted in to the SPSS and then frequency count, percentage, weighted mean, rank order and T-test were employed. The results of the study generally revealed that large number of graduates were unemployed. Moreover very small numbers of graduates were self-employed and employed in different sectors. Lack of labor market infonnation and vocational guidance service for graduates were observed. It was identified that the main causes of graduates unemployment were 1) constraints in finance,2) lack of confidence and management ability 3)the loose connection between employing organizations and the college, 4) limitation in practical skills, and above all absence of labor market infonnation system. The points recommended were, providing financial support schemes for graduates to encourage selfemployment, enable trainees to develop self-confidence, strengthening the relation between employing organizations and the college, and provision of labor market infonnation for trainees
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    An Assessment of Alternative Primary Education Programs in Two National Regional States of Rural Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2000-06) Berhanu Seboka; Ayalew Shibeshi
    It is now about a century since modem education began in Ethiopia. However, the desire to universalize primary education and equitable access remained a matter of great concern. Problems of access, equity, relevance, quality and financial constraints are challenges that characterized the Ethiopian education system and the hope for UPE in Ethiopia still seems a distant. In spite of the pledge to ensure the rights of all children to primary education; a great majority of children (about 60 percent) are out of the primary school system. Against this background and recognizing the limitations of the formal schooling some NGOs have initiated an alternative primary education programs in recent years. The purpose of this study was thus, to explore the main features and feasibility of these programs and see whether they can help to speed up UPE in the Ethiopian context. The study has made a brief review of the literature and concepts behind alternative paths to UPE. Then methods of investigation was developed, administered and analyzed up on which findings were drawn. Results of the study showed the potential benefits of the alternative approaches and the untapped areas of partnerships and exploitable resources at the grass-roots . The main features of the alternative, programs and the non-governmental approaches to primary education were found to be acceptable and attractive at the grass-root level if cultivated and maintained properly. Low cost small schools nearer to the home of children, flexible learning schedule, use of local instructors/paraprofessionals and greater community involvement have been found to increase girl's enrollment, minimize drop-out rates and was responsive to the opportunity costs of the student's time. Results of student achievement in grade two on the three core subject areas were found to be positive in relative terms . Though the number of students who satisfied the agreed acceptable level of learnmg (75% score) were 46 percent almost about 90 percent of them have scored a pass-mark (50%) . The obtained estimation results of the upper and lower confidence interval of the mean revealed that out of 100 similar samples taken from a similar population, about 95% will have a mean value of 61 to 70 percent in language, 63 t073 percent in basic arithmetic and 72 to 76 percent in environmental science. The obtained result was significant at the confidence interval of 95% at p-value 0.05. Environmental science was the best subject performed by the majority of the students while language was the least performed subject area
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    Assessment of Balanced Score Card Implementation in the Case of Gulele Sub-City Education Offices
    (Addis Ababa University, 2016-05) Hailemariam Abayneh; Jeilu Oumer
    The purpose of the study was to assess the design and implementation of Balanced Scorecard in Gulele Sub-City education offices and thereby to see the adequacy of the procedure to design Balanced Scorecard, the extent of Balanced Scorecard implementation success and identify the major challenges encountered during the design and implementation process and then provide alternative recommendation to the identified challenges. To attain these objectives, the study employed descriptive survey method. Accordingly, survey questionnaire, focus group discussion and interviews questions were prepared and pilot tested and administered to a sample of 114 subjects which are composed of 11woreda Heads, 6 Core Process owners and 99 employees. A total of questionnaires were properly filled in and returned. Interview and document analysis were also made to complement the information obtained. All the closed ended questions of the questionnaires were analyzed quantitatively using percentage and means, whereas the data obtained from open ended questions, interviews, focus group discussion were transcribed and narrated to supplement the quantitative data. The major findings of this study indicated that the readiness for Balanced Scorecard design and implementation made by the offices were good. The designing phase was done properly in terms of strategic plan preparation, theme identification, and strategic perspectives, corporate objectives and measures preparation. With regards to Balanced Scorecard implementation, it was in direct stage at corporate level and at process level; however, it was at near the beginning stage in individual level. Lack of adequate knowledge on Balanced Scorecard, insufficient participation, lack of consistent monitoring and evaluation, gaps in setting measurement and targets in the cascading process, resistance to change and in ability to automate at individual implementation process, lack of incentive and job displacement is also one of the factors that lead the employees’ resistance to the implementation of the BSC, problems of delivering continuous training and far beyond education to officers are the major problems. The researcher concluded that the major causes of the above challenges were derived from lack of understanding of the tool and its early attachment of performance of the employee with payment. It is recommended that the education offices have to create enabling environment to increase the involvement of employees, revise the cascaded objectives, automate the implementation process and organize discussion as well as awareness creation program to check and recheck the implementation process.
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    Assessment of Challenges and Opportunities of Industry Extension Service Program Implementation
    (Addis Ababa University, 2014-06) Aynabeba Zewdie,; Girma Zewdie
    The purpose of this study was to investigate the challenges and opportunities which were manifested while industry Extension Service program was implemented in Addis Ababa City administration.The type of study used was both qualitative and quantitative methods were employed for this research. A descriptive Survey research design methodology was used. Among existing 10 Sub-Cities in Addis Ababa city Administration, three Sub-Cities were selected namely Kolfekeranio, Nifas-Silk Lafto and Lideta using judgment sampling technique. Due to a large population size, these Sub-Cities were taken as a representative Sample of the whole sub-cities of Addis Ababa City Administration. Within these sample sub-Cities,Sample TVETs were taken for data source using a non-probability purpose and availability sampling technique From sample Polytechnic colleges trainers who are directly involved in IESP were selected using random sampling from each sample TVET polytechnic college. Pertaining MSE operators a stratified sampling method was employed. Regarding MSE and IESP experts’ availability and availability sampling technique was used. Within sample sub-cities MSE and TVET officials, College deans and Vice deans, Sub-City TVET office officials and Vices were parts of subjects in the data collection process. In order to collect data, questionnaire, interview, focused group discussion, and document analysis were employed as data collection instruments. Data were collected from primary and secondary sources. The primary data was obtained from trainers, MSE experts, and MSE operators using questionnaires. Sub-City MSE Development and TVET office officials, vice officials TVET college deans and Vice deans and Addis MFI officials were primary data sources using structured interview. Secondary data was gathered from books, policy journals and strategy documents, periodicals. The findings of the study showed that the coverage of industry extension program is very low within three sample sub-Cities and pertaining the transition of Micro enterprises from one stage to another out of the given three transitional stages in the whole sample sub-cites is too low and for this one of the criteria to transfer from one stage to the next is getting Industry Extension support service. In some sectors there is shortage of trainers as the finding indicates from the questionnaire data analysis as well as from the interviewee respondents. High turnover of experts at Sub-City and Woreda level might blacken the successful implementation of industry extension program in current real situation and for the future. Lack of awareness and interest, of trainers, MSE operators, experts and other stakeholders of the support service are the main findings of this research paper. Regarding main challenges of MSE operators; low support of stakeholders, insufficient availability of premises and infrastructure in the shade areas were serious problems .There are also keep up opportunites that stakeholders and MSE operators enjoy while IESP is implemented To alleviate problems the study concluded by recommending Sub-city MSE and TVET officials and Federal level concerned Authorities and other stakeholders including Deans, Vice deans of TVET colleges, experts and trainers need to minimize the challenges to enhance MSEs development and growth by providing sustainable service and implementing the industry extension program using regulatory and enabling policies and strategies of the government and other enabling economic and social conditions
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    An Assessment of Community Participation in Education: The Case of Lideta Sub City
    (Addis Ababa University, 2014-06) Tadele Bekele; Getnet Tizazu
    The purpose of this study was to investigate the community participation in education by coming schools’ initiatives and commitment , the level of community participation in school management. In addition, the study aimed at identifying factors that influence community participation. The target populations for the study were teachers, school principal, PSTA members, woreda education heads and supervisors in the sub city. Due to the large population size, representative sample was drawn from ten schools using simple random sampling techniques. In this study both qualitative and quantitative methods were used. in order to collect data, questionnaires, interview and document analysis were employed as instruments. Data was collected both from primary and secondary sources. The primary data was obtained directly from the sample teachers, school principals, PSTA members using questionnaires and from woreda education heads and supervisors using semi-structured interview. Data were also collected from school principals and teachers using open-ended questions. The findings of the study showed that the level of community participation differs from schools to school and this is because of administrative factors institutional factors and personal factors that challenged the community participation.