Business Administration in Finance

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Aggressive Branch Expansion versus ATM and POS machine use (The case of Awash International Bank S.C in Addis Ababa)
(Addis Ababa University, 2015-05) Balcha, Berhanu; Seid, Mohammed (PhD)
In this project, the aggressive branch expansion of Awash International Bank S.C in Addis Ababa vis-à-vis modern banking technologies of ATM/POS was studied to investigate if the aggressive branch expansion of AIB is advantageous. The cause of the aggressive branch expansion is identified to be the introduction of NBE bills which eroded the fund to be used for customer lending. The study used descriptive research design to gather qualitative and quantitative data. Both primary and secondary data were used for the data analysis and for the study findings. The primary data were collected through questionnaires from customers and employee of the bank. The secondary data are collected from published and unpublished documents of AIB and NBE. Questionnaires were distributed to each class of branches to collect data from the bank's customers. One branch was selected from each class of branch using lottery method to collect data from the bank’s customer. Questionnaires were distributed to all department managers and above department positions as well as to relevant division and branch managers. The research found that aggressive branch expansion is not advantageous for AIB. Moderate branch expansion along ATM/POS expansion is better for AIB from profit perspective. The study will help the bank to reconsider its aggressive branch expansion. It will also help the bank to correct problems identified in the ATM/POS usage. The study will also help as an input for further study.
Agricultural Financing by Banks of Ethiopia the Case of Commercial Bank of Ethiopia
(Addis Ababa University, 2016-01) Abebe, Fitawek; Yitayew, Abebe (PhD)
This study is conducted to assess the agricultural financing in the Commercial Bank of Ethiopia, with particular emphasis on pre sanction appraisal and post sanction control of agricultural lending. The study also looked at the trend of non performing agricultural loans during the past ten-year period and the factors that account for agricultural bad loans. It also aimed to identify the different credit risks inherent to agricultural loans and the challenges in agricultural credit risk management of the bank. Both Primary and secondary data were used in the study. Data is collected through questionnaire & interview. It is found that the percentage share of agricultural non-performing loans to total non-performing loans showed a rapid increment from 2011 onwards except in the year 2015. The study also found that, the major risks the bank faced in agricultural lending are production risk, price risk and over indebtedness. Further the study identified that lack of technical experts providing their independent evaluation of the agricultural feasibility study, lack of properly trained consultant to prepare agricultural project feasibility study, less availability of data and up to date information, less capability of credit performers of the bank to evaluate the technical and financial projections of agricultural projects, are some of the major challenges to proper management of agricultural credit risk in the bank. Regarding the causes for agricultural loan default, crop damages, inadequate supervision or follow up, diversion of borrowed funds, willful default, lack of proper investigation before lending and lack of good communication facilities are the major causes for agricultural non-performing loan. To minimize the agricultural credit risk, some measures are recommended to the management. These are; hiring more agricultural expertise, strengthening the bank’s MIS and the marketing, research and development departments, providing regular training for all credit performers, revising the sufficiency of loan delivery time to evaluate the bankability of agricultural loan requests. Key words: Agricultural financing, Commercial Bank of Ethiopia
Analysis of Challenges on Business Strategy Implementation and Impact on Performance
(A.A.U, 2021-04) Berhe, Tarik; Abitie, Asres (Phd)
This research study is about analyzing challenges and factors that affect the strategy implementation process and their impact on performance. In conducting the research study explanatory and descriptive research design was used. Probability sampling technique, more specifically stratified random sampling technique was used in distinguishing the target sample of the study. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected. Qualitative data were collected through interviews and presented in summary. On the other hand, quantitative data were collected using questionnaires and were analyzed by using descriptive analysis and inferential analysis methods. A descriptive analysis method was employed for the demographic characteristics of respondents. Three independent variables were identified in this research study. Those variables were operational factors, organizational structure, and measure and follow-up methods. Under operational factors, six sub-factors were identified. These sub-factors are communication, operational planning, resource availability, human resource factors, work environment, and policy and manual. These variables have been inferentially analyzed. The finding was that all independent variables correlated positively with the dependent variable (performance). Based on the result of the finding, measure and follow-up methods have the greatest effect on strategy implementation and as a result, it affects performance highly, the organizational structure has a moderate effect and operational factors (communication, operational planning, resource availability, human resource factor, work environment, and policy manual) have a lower but significant effect on performance. Although the analyzed result of quantitative data shows operational factors to have a lower effect on performance, qualitative data collected on this research study identified these factors as highly significant and factors that affect performance highly. Possible recommendation for effective strategy implementation and better performance is forwarded.
Analysis of Competitive Strategies Adapted by Safaricom Ethiopia to Attain Market Leadership in Ethiopia
(A.A.U, 2023-05-03) Meron Sahle; Asres Abitie (PhD)
Rapid evolution in the internet and telecommunications technology has resulted in an increase in the numbers and modes of telecom access as well as its use. Safaricom Ethiopia has emerged as a new player in the telecom market in Ethiopia, with a lower current market share than all telecom businesses in Ethiopia. This study sought to determine the competitive strategies adopted by Safaricom Ethiopia to get market leadership in the market of Ethiopia, and the challenges experienced in applying the strategies. this research conceptualized and analyzed four dimensions of a competitive strategy: cost leadership, differentiation, corporate growth, and focus and test their relationships in the respective market leadership. The study used both qualitative and quantitative approaches and the target population for this study was managers at Safaricom Ethiopia. This population was chosen because the managers are the ones who perform strategy formulation and implementation. The target population was managers from all seven departments at Safaricom Ethiopia. The relationships proposed in the framework were tested using Pearson correlation, and the causal relations were analyzed using regression analysis. The data was collected by distributing questionnaires to the departments that are key to the design, implementation, marketing, technology, resourcing, and customer support of telecom services at Safaricom Ethiopia. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics and presented using frequency, mean, correlation, and regression, and the findings were presented in the table. The research findings have shown that competitive strategies have a positive significant effect on market leadership This study also revealed that government policy and regulation mediate the competitive strategies and market leadership relationship. The study concluded that Safaricom has been utilizing cost leadership, focus, and differentiation strategies to attain market leadership. The study recommends that this paper is only on the case of Safaricom Ethiopia, and future research should consider other business organizations.
Analysis of Customer Satisfaction in Abyssinia Bank
(Addis Ababa University, 2016-05) Samuel, Frehiwot; Kasa, Workneh (PhD)
Customer satisfaction is essential for the success of service firms like banks. Thus, the issue of enhancing the level of customer satisfaction has become the prime focus of service giving firms. The purpose of this study was to know the level of customer satisfaction in the services provided by bank of Abyssinia and it is also to identify the factors that influence customer satisfaction on the banking sector of BOAs, based on customer satisfaction regarding service quality. Five dimensions in service quality such as tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, empathy, and assurance are considered as the base for the analysis of this study. A structured questionnaire with 5 point Likert scale has been used to collect the data by conducting survey. The questionnaire has been personally administered on a sample size of 110 customers who were willing to fill the questioner from a total population of 478,436 BOA customers in 183 branches by taking 10 branches based on convenient sampling method. From 110 sampled respondents taken from 10 branches, 11 for each, a total of 106 respondents were returned the questionnaire. Data has been analyzed by using SPSS software (version: 20). Result of the study showed that 64% of customers in bank of Abyssinia are satisfied with the service of the banks and Tangibility, Assurance, Empathy, sex and number of years as a customer of BOA are significantly and positively influenced customer attitudes in terms of satisfaction that is the three service quality dimensions and the two control variables are crucial for customer satisfaction in bank of Abyssinia. Based on the findings also the researcher recommends the bank to focus on its tangible natures while this dimension have lest mean score when it compared from the others. As well as recommends that the bank to further investigate the main reason of unsatisfied customers and also to focus on the customers who not taking a side weather on satisfied or dissatisfied groups. This paper makes a useful contribution in updating the current customer satisfaction levels of Ethiopian banks. Key words: Customer satisfaction, Bank of Abyssinia, service quality, SERVQUAL Model, BOA Customers
Analysis of Factors Affecting Turnover Intention: The Case of Commercial Bank of Ethiopia (CBE)
(A.A.U, 2008-07) Kore, Alamrew; Mekonnen, Worku (dr)
The theme of the study is to identifY and analyze the determinant factors that affect voluntary employee turnover intention in the case of commercial bank oj Ethiopia (CBE). Three basic factors: job related jactors (nature oj the job, superVISIOn, coworkers, financial rewards, promotion opportunities, autonomy and physical working condition), perceived alternative employment opportunity and organizational commitment were the most independent variables considered in affecting employee turnover intention. questionnaires which consists questions that request information from respondents regarding the independent variables and dependent variable were designed and distributed to the sampled employees. the study is based on primary data which were collected from a sample of 185 currently existing employees working at head office and twelve branches in Addis Ababa of CBE. the selection of existing employees was based on simple random sampling. to measure the operations of responses from the respondents and to assess the effect of independent variables three statistical tools: correlation analysis, t-test and multiple regression analysis were carried out. the results of these statistical analyses show that three factors are the most significant in explaining turnover intention in CBE. these variables are: organizational commitment, perceived available employment opportunity andfinancial rewards. their impact is in the respective order they are listed. finally, based on findings; conclusions and recommendat ions were made.
Analysis of Factors Contributing to time overruns on Road Construction Projects under Addis Ababa City Administration
(Addis Ababa University, 2014-06) Yenesew, Siraw; Ensermu, Matiwos (PhD)
It is well known that most road construction projects in Ethiopia and Addis Ababa city are exposed to time and cost overrun or both. It becomes difficult to complete road projects in the allocated cost and time. Therefore, this research was carried out to dig-out information on the factors that cause time overrun on Asphalt road construction projects in Addis Ababa City administration. The aim of this research is to assess factors contributing for time overruns on road construction projects in Addis Ababa city Administration in the views of road construction stakeholders. Questionnaire survey was used to collect data on causes of time overrun. A total of 47 questionnaires from owner (AACRA), contractors and consultants were collected on the common factors to contribute for time overrun on asphalt road construction projects completed from 2000-2005E.c in Addis Ababa city administration by using a purposive sampling technique and analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Secondary data (asphalt road construction projects completion report) was used to know the real extent of time overrun on the projects understudied. From the result, it was found that 80% of the projects suffered time overrun. The most important causes of time overrun were found to be slow cite clearance, contractors’ financial problems, Inflation, progress payments delay by owner, inaccurate cost estimation, and delay in commencement. Spearman rank order correlation analysis was used to evaluate whether consensus of views exists between groups of respondents (owner versus contractor, owner versus consultant and contractor versus consultant). From the analysis of the results, it was found that there is no consensus of opinion between owner versus contractor and owner versus consultant respondents on the factors that cause time overrun but there is consensus between contract and consultant respondents. Lack of adequate literatures’ on my case study was the limitation of this study. Key words: time overrun, causes, factors, asphalt road construction projects, Road construction project stake holders.
Analysis of the Success Factors of Micro and Small Business Enterprises in Addis Ababa
(Addis Ababa University, 2011-06) Abebe, Tiruneh; Ahmad, Tufail (PhD)
The research study evaluated the relation between personal related success factors and business related factors on the performance of MSEs in Addis Ababa. This is with a view to identify these personal and business related factors that have a favorable relation to the performance of the enterprises business performance. Primary data, through structured questionnaire, were collected from the samples of 73 MSEs randomly selected from among those industries engaged in Food and Beverage; Textile and Garment, Wood and Metal, and Merchandise and Retail shop. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics with the aid of Statistical Packages for Social Scientists (SPSS). Also, analysis of variance was carried out to examine the variation in the performance of enterprises related to the variation in each of the independent variables of the study. The ANOVA result indicates there is no significance variation on the performance of MSEs in relation to the variations to each of the eight independent variables of the study. But the descriptive statistics result shows better performance for enterprises owned by individuals with better education level, have prior management and industry experience. In addition it also shows better performance for those enterprises that uses planning and record keeping
Analyze Factors Influencing Passengers’ Satisfaction in Addis Ababa City Light Rail Transit Service
(Addis Ababa University, 2017-06) Gebeyehu, Habtamu; Kassa, Workineh (PhD)
The main purpose of this study was to analyze factors influencing passengers’ satisfaction in AAC-LRTS. The researcher has taken 365 passengers’ for survey questionnaire using convinces sampling technique. Additionally, 20 informants were selected for semi- structured interview questions through random sampling technique from the 5 selected stations. The data collected by survey method were analyzed using SPSS version 20. The results of Spearman’s correlation analysis of the study indicated that there was a significant positive correlation of all independent variables; safety and security, reliability, comfort, ticket payment system, affordability, staff behavior, accessibility and availability with passengers’ satisfaction. The multiple regression analysis of the study depicted that, all the independent variables contributed only 56.8% of variances on passengers’ satisfaction and the remaining 43.2% explained by other variables which were not included in the model. Based on the findings of this research, the LRTS management should sustain and continue the better provisions of the light rail transit services primarily to satisfy passengers and secondly to attain organizational goals. Key words: Light rail transit, Passengers’ Satisfaction, Service quality dimensions, Ticket payment system
Assessemenet of Human Capital Development on Organizational Performance A Case of Ethiopian Electric Power (EEP)
(A.A.U, 2021-06) Worku, Misrak; Abitie, Asres (Phd)
This project examined the role ofhuman capital development on organizational performance. The research design used was survey design; the population of this study consists of members of staff of Ethiopian Electric Power (EEP), while the sample size was 287 that responded to administered questionnaire. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using frequency tables and percentages. The findings of the study are that human capital development motivates workers; human capital development reduces high level of labor turnover; human capital development retains the best hands in the services of the organization; human capital development matches workers’ ability with job requirements; human capital development enables workers meet and surpass set standards and that human capital development makes workers to be productive. The researcher suggests that Ethiopian Electric Power (EEP) management should continue to encourage human capital development and train and improve employees so that they can meet and exceed objectives.
Assessing Challenges and Prospects of Balanced Scorecard (BSC): In Performance Appraisal: The Case of National Lottery Administration
(Addis Ababa University, 2013-06) Woldetsadik, Teklu; Degefa, Terefe (PhD)
The performance of employees in public sectors of ethopia were measured in traditinal measurment methiods.the traditinal method was focused on only employee behaviour and fainacial results.And the work process was also too long that could not bring about satisfaction of the public;to re-designe the work process public sectors undertook BPR,and picked up BSC to meeasure performance. The purpose of this research is to asses challenge and prospect of BSC for performance appraisal with the case of National Lottery Adminstration (NLA). In light of this, primery data were collected with the help of questionnaire from managers and employees from all departments of the NLA using stratified technique, and within each stratum (department) random sampling was employed. Hence, from the total number that’s 696 staffs 138 respondents were selected And also interview were conducted with key informants both in NLA and customers to obtain qualitative information. The collected data has been analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The study results show that among four BSC perspectives; learning and development, internal process, customers and finance, NLA focused on financial perspective and has brought significant change on sales of lottery tickets. However, these positive results cannot be sustained unless the focus of NLA turned to learning and development, and internal process and unless due attention is given to customers. Performance appraisal using BSC requires motivated, knowledgeable works and strong support of Information Technology and the results of performance appraisal need to be employed for rewarding good performer and organize training for poor ones. NLA did not give proper attention to motivate its employees; almost there is no salary increment and other staff benefits. Supporting jobs with Information Technology is not as desired. Moreover, the study highlights positive and sustainable financial change ought to be made by NLA.
Assessing Online Banking Service Quality on Customers Satisfaction: The Case of United Bank S.C.
(Addis Ababa University, 2017-02) Arega, Asrat; Anteneh, Salehu (PhD)
This study tries to assess the quality of service that United Bank S.C is providing to its Online (Internet) Banking customers and thereby to evaluate their satisfaction level with the bank’s service delivery and try to see whether the introduction of Online (Internet) Banking services has significantly contributed in increasing the bank’s service quality and customers satisfaction. Since the adoption of Online Banking in Ethiopia, some banks’ have gone through various technological advancements and the customers’ expectation and demand for quality of service is increasing from time to time. So this research paper tries to address this time gap. The first objective of this research is to evaluate the Online Banking service quality offered by United Bank S.C. by using SERVQUAL model. In this research, survey is conducted to measure the gap between customers’ expectations and customers’ perception regarding Online Banking service on each service quality dimensions. The second objective is to analyze the correlation between service quality dimensions and customer satisfaction. For this purpose, a questionnaire has been designed based on the SERVQUAL approach (perceptions and expectations), which includes five major categories of service quality dimensions and are subdivided into 21 items. Moreover, additional questions are prepared for measuring the overall customer satisfaction. To analyze this data, gap analysis, regression analysis and correlation analysis are used. The results of this research show that in all aspects, United Bank customers’ expectation is higher than their perceptions on the Online (Internet) Banking service quality offered by the bank. It means that in all of the five service quality dimensions, there are negative gaps. Thus the bank failed in all of these dimensions to meet its customers' expectations. Also the research finding reveals that service quality dimensions (Reliability, Responsiveness, Security, Empathy, and Tangibility) has a significant impact on customer’s satisfaction of United Bank S.C. The major finding of this hypothesis shows that all the service quality determinants are positively correlated to the customer satisfaction. Therefore the bank has to develop a policy package which helps to improve it Online banking service quality thereby ascertain its customers’ satisfaction. Key Words: Online Banking, Customers Satisfaction, Service Quality
Assessing Performance of Micro and Small Enterprises in Oromia Regional State
(Addis Ababa University, 2017-06) Hawando, Alemu; G/Hiwot, Gebremedihin (PhD)
This research aimed at assessing the performance of MSEs met merits special consideration of development of small scale Enterprises. It tried to answer three important questions: What are the major internal and external challenges, opportunities and prospects in development of Small Scale to medium scale enterprise? What are the key strategies used to develop MSEs and to solve the challenges faced by the SMEs transitional development of Small Scale to medium scale enterprise? Do all MSEs actors in government sectors play their role according to the MSEs strategy? With the above objectives in mind, data were gathered through Questionnaire, Review of both published and unpublished materials. The information gleaned through questionnaire from a sample of 352 operators in Oromia region of the selected zones and woredas. Eventually, using a mix of qualitative and quantitative tools, the study found out major challenges, which seem to affect development of small scale Enterprises in Oromia regional state that include: implementation problems related to government bodies at each level, inadequate finance. For the above challenges, better the Oromia regional government bodies provide affordable alternative sources of finance and strengthen it’s institutions at different levels, to play a major role in positively influencing the development of MSEs. Hence, there is a need for strengthening the MSEs growth, based on findings, recommendations to government bodies, to operators of MSEs and suggestions for other researchers are forwarded. KEY WORDS: MSEs, Entrepreneurs, Performance, challenges, Prospects
Assessing the Effect of Corporate Governance on Independence of Internal Audit Function, A Case Study Based on Private Commercial Banks of Ethiopia
(Addis Ababa University, 2015-06) Wondim, Meseret; Bekele, Teshome (PhD)
The concept of internal audit independence has not been reviewed in the past more so among commercial banks. Therefore, this study has sought to establish how the independence of internal audit is affected by various corporate governance factors among commercial banks in Ethiopia. Data was collected using structured questionnaires distributed to all internal audit department managers, heads of audit and inspection division and risk and compliance officers/managers of the 16 private commercial banks in Ethiopia. Data collected was analyzed by descriptive statistics aided by SPSS version 20 data analysis tool. A regression model was then used to analyze the relationship between internal audit independence and level of corporate governance factors within a test of significance of 95% confidence level. The study revealed that there is positive linear relationship between independence of Internal audit function and the corporate governance factors; corporate governance setting (CGS, senior management support (SMS), Effectiveness of audit committee (EAC)) and Perception of Internal audit independence (POI) among private commercial banks in Ethiopia. From the findings, the study recommends that private bank executives and board of directors to carefully consider the direction and effect of corporate governance factors on independence of internal audit function. Management of private commercial banks should also update themselves with the corporate governance factors that affect independence of internal audit function to get best /value adding service out of their banks’ internal audit function. KEY WORDS: corporate governance, senior management, independence, internal audit, perception, audit committee effectiveness.
Assessing the Effect of Service Quality on Customer Satisfaction
(A.A.U, 2021-04) Hailemeskel, Neway; Workaferaw, Yohnnes (Ph.D.)
In this highly competitive aviation market, airport management are demanded to find ways to attract new customers, retain existing customers, and pursue customers’ loyalty. The quality of the service which has to be delivered to the customers has been considered as a critical factor for the success of the service providers by a reason of its close connection to customer satisfaction. This paper aimed to assess the effects of service quality of the Addis Ababa International Airport passengers and identify what dimensions they have to prioritize to attain customer satisfaction. SERVPERF model was employed to achieve the objective, considering five service quality dimensions, namely; tangibility, assurance, responsiveness, empathy & reliability). Both descriptive and inferential statistics applied to investigate research problems, objectives, and questions. Besides, the paper employed both primary and secondary data. The study adopted a structured questionnaire to collect the primary data using a simple random sampling technique. For this study, three hundred and eighty-four (384) questionnaires were distributed to passengers in AABIA and three hundred and seventy-two (372) valid questionnaires used for data analysis and reporting. According to the findings of the study, all the five service quality dimensions have shown a positively significant effect on customer satisfaction. The findings of the study reveal that reliability and tangibility attributes need improvement as compared to other service quality dimensions. The overall level of service quality delivered in AABIA had not satisfied respondents of the survey.
Assessment of Addis Ababa as a Business Tourism Destination from the Suppliers’ Perspective
(Addis Ababa University, 2017-05) Abebe, Frew; Legesse, Ethiopia (PhD)
Tourism worldwide is becoming increasingly competitive. Performance of destinations has been associated in the tourism literature as a critical element for the success of tourism destinations. Particular emphasis is placed on identifying and analyzing the various factors that influence the competitiveness of tourism destinations. The aim of this study was to present the results of a survey on the performance of Addis Ababa as a business tourism destination from a suppliers’ perspective. The study was descriptive and used cross sectional data. The data were collected using survey questionnaire from supply side stakeholders found in Addis Ababa city. In addition, secondary data were also utilized. The data collected were analyzed quantitatively using descriptive statistics and results were discussed on importance-performance analysis (IPA) grid. The study reveals that Addis Ababa is not performing well in many of the business tourism destination attributes. It is only 22% of the total attributes presented to the respondents that the destination was viewed to be competitive when almost all attributes were seen to be important for Addis Ababa as a business tourism destination. The study also suggests recommendations which should be taken to increase the competitiveness of Addis Ababa as a business tourism destination. Key Words: Business Tourism, Destination performance, Addis Ababa, Suppliers’ perspective
Assessment of Adoption of Agency Banking Innovation in Ethiopia: Barriers and Drivers
(Addis Ababa University, 2015-11) Gugsa, Afework; Anteneh, Salehu (PhD)
This research project aims to describe factors that affect the adoption of agency banking in Ethiopian banking industry with respect to the barriers and benefits derived from adopting the system. In order to achieve the objective of this study and answer the research questions the researcher adopted quantitative research approach. This descriptive study was conducted based on the data gathered from the following four banks in Ethiopia; Dashen Bank, United Bank, Lion International Bank and Cooperative Bank of Oromia. The data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics. A research framework developed based on the Technology - Organization - Environment (TOE) framework and Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) was used to guide the study. The study revealed the following major driving factors in adopting agency banking among commercial banks in Ethiopia; the prospects of cost reduction, availing services beyond restriction of space and time through established third party with the application of technology. The benefits were also classified as Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU) and Perceived Usefulness (PU). The barriers identified in this study came from the external environments like; lack of legal framework, under developed ICT infrastructure including poor network connectivity, lack of competition among banks and lack of sufficient government support, security risk and lack of customer trust towards the service. The study recommended banks to consider technology based competition focusing on customer base expansion, cost reduction, awareness creation, credibility, security, ease of use, and availability to exploit the benefit of agency banking while the government should support banking sector by facilitating sufficient ICT infrastructure development and issue workable legal frameworks to ease the adoption of agency banking system. Keywords: Banking industry, Agency banking, Mobile Banking, Adoption of Agency Banking by Ethiopian Banks, Branchless banking
Assessment of Appropriateness of the Indirect Distribution Channel of Ethio Telecom
(Addis Ababa University, 2014-12) Tadesse, Nehmya; Shibre, Zewdie (PhD)
Despite its impressive revenue contribution, the indirect channel of Ethio Telecom is full of administrative problems. In this indirect channel distribution the company on the one hand employs local distributors which are required to sell within their respective zone/region territory only and on the other hand national distributors which are free to circulate the products anywhere in the country. The objective of this research is therefore to evaluate appropriateness of the current indirect channel of ethio telecom and recommend an optimal channel structure alternative. Accordingly, questionnaires were distributed to three channel stakeholders namely Ethio Telecom staffs, distributors and retailers. In a nutshell, performance of the indirect distribution channel based on the primary data is poor qualitatively. The major poor performance areas are pillar terms of the distribution agreement (such as door to door distribution, territory confined distribution of the products) are not implemented, and Channel stakeholders indicated that it is impossible and not feasible to control territory confined distribution of ET’s products. It is impossible to avoid territory breach. Some retailers purchase ET products not from distributors in their territory which is a best prove of uncontrollability of the policy of territory limited distribution. Consequently, the researcher proposed/recommended alternative and optimal distribution channel design.The recommendation is that ethio telecom needs to waive the concept of territory limited distribution and employ few mega national distributors at upstream channel level parallel to the undifferentiated nature of Ethiopian market. The national distributors would organize themselves in 14 regional/zonal branch offices parallel to organizational structure of ethio telecom. Candidate distributors for this proposal are Ethiopian Postal Service Enterprise and Hidassie Telecom Share Company. These two candidate and strategic business partners of ethio telecom have more than one thousand five hundred sales outlets together throughout Ethiopia.
Assessment of Budgeting Practice of Fafa Food Share Company
(A.A.U, 2008-07) Tadesse, Elias; Laxmikantham, P (Dr)
Budget , if used properly, can ass ist organizations in cluding the case company to support the pro fit maximization obj ective b y he lpin g m anagers deal with uncertaintie s. the budgeti ng proce ss may , however, work to th e firm 's di sa d vanta ge. if not properly hundled The paper is aimed at examining general and behavioral aspects of budgeting and budgetary control practi ce of FAFA food share company such as: for what time period the budgets are prepared ?, does the company make use of flexible budgetge and zero based budgeting ?, which process of budget setting is adopted ?, do budgetess participate in budget setting and budget discussion?, how often the budgetary procedures are reviewed and who is ta king care of it ?, how often performance reports are prepared and variances are analyzed? The study is based on both pnmary data , collected through• interview and detailed discussi on with co nc ern ed offic ials of the share company, and secondary data collected through review in g company do cuments (such as corporate reports, performance reports Copany plan, and others). non statisti cal data analys is known as content analysis is used to analyze data and draw conclusis. The results of the study reveal that the company has no well established standing budget committee, no budget manual. Bottom-up approach (a participative style) is used in • budget settin g and budgets are estimated using past year performance as a base (zero :- . besed budgeting is not used). Performances reports are prepared monthly. quarterly, and yearly with out detailed variances ( flexible budgets are not in corporated
Assessment of Business Incubation Centers Development in Ethiopia
(Addis Ababa University, 2016-01) Desalegn, Konjit; Seid, Mohamed (PhD)
The objective of this research is to assess the status of Business Incubation centers development in Ethiopia. This research covered 15 business incubation centers found in five regions of Ethiopia i.e. Addis Ababa, Oromia, Tigray, Amhara and SNNPR. Due to newness of the concept and the absence of complete database on the BICs in Ethiopia, non exhaustive list was developed by the researcher through personal research. The list was taken as both the target population and a sample for the study. The representativeness of the sample per owners category is ensured. The results of the study revealed that Business Incubation Center development in Ethiopia is at the infancy stage (life time less than 2 years for most of them) though the first centers established 2008 and 2009. There are various constraints that need additional effort and support from different actors for the BICs to develop and grow at acceptable rate. Lack of experience with in the BICs, finance, working space, absence of policies and guidelines, incentive programs etc... are among the major challenges the centers facing.. The results found suggest that, BICs are important to improve growth and development of the country if managed properly. The government need to take the leading role in placing operational rules and regulation of the BICs and create a legal framework they could register and function independently.

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