Business Administration in Finance

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The Effect of leadership Styles on Employees’ Innovations: A Case of Berhanena Selam Printing Enterprise
(A.A.U, 2024-06-14) Girma Ali; Desalegn Amlaku (PhD)
This study looked into how innovation is impacted by different leadership philosophies at Berhanena Selam Printing Enterprise. To do this, the study's descriptive research approach was employed. It was purely quantitative. 200 of the 403 employees were chosen as responders; the research participants were chosen using a systematic random selection technique, yielding an 84.5% response rate. The information was gathered using a well-structured online survey. The study employed regression and correlation analysis to search for potential relationships between the independent and dependent variables. The study reveals that leadership styles play a crucial role in driving innovation among employees. Specifically, laissez-faire leadership consistently shows a positive impact across all dimensions of innovation (resource, process, organizational culture, and operational intelligence). Authoritative leadership also positively influences resource utilization, while transformational leadership enhances process innovation. Conversely, transactional leadership generally has a negative effect, particularly on process and organizational culture innovation. The findings suggest that laissez-faire and transformational leadership are particularly effective in fostering innovation across various dimensions. By adapting leadership strategies to promote these styles, organizations can create a more innovative and dynamic workplace. Conversely, minimizing reliance on transactional leadership approaches can help prevent the stifling of innovative efforts. Through strategic leadership development, organizations can enhance their overall innovation capabilities, leading to sustainable growth and competitive advantage. Keywords: Transactional leadership, Transformational leadership style, Autocratic leadership, laissez-faire leadership, innovation.
Factor Affecting Profitability of Banks in Ethiopia: The Case of Selected Commerial Banks
(A.A.U, 2024-06-13) Afomiya Abebe; Abebe Yitayew (PhD)
This study aims to examine the impact of capital adequateness liquidity, and asset quality on the profitability of Ethiopian banks from 2013 to 2022. The study employed a quantitative research design and collected data through Secondary data were gathered from the annual audited financial statements of selected banks from NBE in order to meet the study's objectives. Purposive sampling was employed in the study, with Ethiopian commercial banks serving as the study population. Correlation and OLS regression analysis were utilized for inferential data analysis. Liquidity, capital adequacy, and asset quality were the study's independent variables. Return on asset (ROA) was the dependent variable used to determine profitability. The study's model result showed that while liquidity has a statistically significant negative impact on ROA, asset quality and capital adequacy have positive, statistically significant effects on ROA. The study suggests that more research be done on the qualitative relationship that asset quality, capital adequacy, and liquidity have with bank profitability. Future studies may be able to investigate the effects of asset quality, capital adequacy, and liquidity on profitability. In order to uncover hidden insights into the relationship that interacts with bank profitability, future studies involve interviewing significant informants in the banking sector. Key Words: Bank of Ethiopia, Asset Quality, Capital Adequacy, Liquidity, Profitability
Analysis of Factors Influencing Business Performance of Technology Startup Companies: The Case of Addis Ababa
(A.A.U, 2024-05-16) Abenezer Workneh; Workneh Kassa (PhD)
The study aimed to explain the critical factors influencing business performance in technology startups operating in Addis Ababa, using an explanatory research design. The researcher tried to show the causal relationships between entrepreneurial personality traits, management competence, resource factors, networking and business performance. The study provided valuable insights into the interactions among these variables. The research considered the population of 751 active technology companies in Addis Ababa, as per data from the Addis Ababa Technology Bureau (AATB, 2022). A sample size of 261 was determined and primary data obtained was analyzed. Multiple linear regression was used to assess the collective and individual impacts of the predictors on startup success. Results indicated that personality factors, management competence, resource factors, and networking variables were significant predictors of business performance. The model had a 0.644 R squared valued indicating that the model explained 64.4 percent of the variance. The findings suggest that technology startups should focus on enhancing managerial skills, optimizing resource management, and leveraging extensive networking opportunities. This research adds empirical support to existing theories while offering practical guidelines for stakeholders. Key words: Technology Startups, Business Performance, Entrepreneurial Personality Traits, Management Competence, Resource Factors, Networking
Organizational Culture Assessment Using Competitive Value Framework: A Comparative Case Study on Gift Construction and Gift Real Estate
(AAU, 2025-03-20) Kenean Nigatu Belachew; Abebaw Kassie (PhD)
Organizational culture significantly influences employee behavior, decision-making processes, and overall corporate performance. This study assesses the organizational culture of Gift Construction and Gift Real Estate, two sister companies under the GIFT Business Group, using the Competing Values Framework (CVF). The research aims to identify the dominant and preferred cultural profiles of each company, evaluate cultural alignment, and analyze how perceptions differ among employees and management. The descriptive research employed mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative data from the Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument (OCAI) with qualitative insights from interviews. The findings reveal the similarity and differences between the two organizations. Both Gift Construction and Gift Real Estate exhibit a mix of Clan and Market Cultures. Employees in both organizations express a preference for a stronger Adhocracy culture, indicating a desire for increased innovation and flexibility. The study highlights some cultural gaps and their implications for organizational strategy, collaboration, and operational efficiency. Understanding these cultural dynamics enables leadership to implement targeted interventions that foster alignment, enhance employee engagement, and drive sustainable growth
The Impact of Digitalization on the Profitability of Selected Commercial Banks in Ethiopia
(AAU, 2025-03-24) Alhamdu Abdela Muhajer; Takele F. (PhD)
The banking sector in Ethiopia is undergoing significant transformation due to the increasing adoption of digital banking services. This thesis investigates the impact of digitalization on the profitability of selected commercial banks in Ethiopia, focusing on key factors such as Automated Teller Machine (ATM) transactions, mobile banking, internet banking, and service excellence. A quantitative research design was employed, utilizing survey data collected from 274 respondents across five major commercial banks: Commercial Bank of Ethiopia, Awash Bank, Dashen Bank, Bank of Abyssinia, and Zemen Bank. The findings reveal that all forms of digital banking services significantly contribute to the profitability of commercial banks. ATM transactions demonstrate the strongest positive correlation with profitability, supported by a p-value of 0.000, indicating high statistical significance. Mobile banking transactions also exhibit a significant positive effect on profitability, with a p-value of 0.002, while internet banking shows a similar trend with a p value of 0.005. Furthermore, the study highlights that digitalization enhances operational excellence and service quality, which positively influence bank profitability, with p-values of 0.004 for both factors. These factors collectively contribute to the financial performance of commercial banks, as measured by Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE). By leveraging digital technologies, Ethiopian banks can achieve greater operational efficiency, improved service quality, and enhanced profitability in an increasingly competitive financial landscape. The results provide valuable insights for bank management and policymakers, emphasizing the need for continued investment in digital technologies to maintain competitiveness and drive profitability. Future research could explore longitudinal studies tracking the adoption and impact of digital banking services over time, investigate emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and block-chain, and examine customer experience and satisfaction with digital banking services
The Effect of Telecom Subscribers on Bank's Profitability
(A.A.U, 2023-12-16) Biruk Tilahun; Abebe Yitayew (PhD)
Telecommunications infrastructure is critical for banks' day-to-day operations. Due to easy access to telecommunication services, online banking transactions have shown a huge increase over the years. Going to bank branch offices is now only for critical issues, as most banking transactions can be held online using different banking applications. Different studies have assessed the effect these applications have on banks' performance like Mobile banking, Internet banking, Mobile money, ATMs, and others. However, limited studies are showing the effects of telecommunication subscribers on banks' performance. This study assessed whether telecommunication subscribers' increase or decrease affects banks' profitability. The study used the last ten years’ financial data of Ethiopia’s private commercial banks. Telecommunication data was collected from Ethio Telecom. The data collected was analyzed by use of descriptive statistics, and statistical software, Stata. The study found that there is no direct effect of telecommunication subscribers' increase on banks' profitability. The study recommended banks continue focusing on creating efficiencies using the telecommunication infrastructure as the increase in telecommunication subscribers by itself will not result in the bank’s profitability. Key Words: Telecommunications, bank profitability, mobile and fixed telecom subscribers, Ethio Telecom
Effect of Working Capital Management on Profitability of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMEs) in Addis Ababa (The Case of Arada Sub Cities)
(A.A.U, 2024-08-17) Yared Hussen; Alem Hagos (PhD)
The rapid creation and growth of small and medium-sized businesses has emerged as a crucial element of the development objectives of rising nations, Ethiopia included. Despite the increasing prevalence of these organizations, there is a scarcity of study on their working capital management. The objective of this research is to investigate the characteristics that influence the performance of small and medium-sized enterprises in Arada sub-city. It was conducted through a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. The data collected from the various enterprises were then analyzed to come up with recommendations for improving the working capital management of these firms. Questionnaires were used to collect primary data, and the financial records of the businesses were used to obtain secondary data. 217 SMEs are the target population, and simple random sampling is the sample method used. 155 SMEs in Addis Ababa's Arada Sub Cites provided the data that was gathered. It was utilized to gather data for an experimental impact measurement after 149 valid surveys were returned. Descriptive statistics and quantitative techniques (regression and correlation) were used in the data analysis. The net operating profitability as an independent variable, along with the average collection time, average payment period, cash conversion period, current ratio, debt ratio, and company size as dependent factors, are used to illustrate the differences among working capital management and profitability. The study's conclusions imply that the length of time businesses need to receive their debts, settle their invoices, and gather cash has a detrimental impact on working capital. In addition, the likelihood of sufficient working capital requirements is influenced by the size, current ratio, and financial leverage of the SMEs that are the subject of the study. The study's findings suggest that businesses could need to give their clients longer credit periods, lengthen their cash conversion cycle, and need a longer repayment time. All extensions and cycles must be used to the fullest degree possible to achieve an ideal level of working capital and, if possible, to put into practice a cautious working capital management strategy. Therefore, it is wise to take this study's findings into consideration. When choosing how best to handle their time and cash in order to enhance their job performance. Key words: net operating profitability, small and medium enterprises, working capital management
The Effect of Corporate Governance on Financial Performance: The Case of Ethiopian Private Commercial Banks and insurances
(A.A.U, 2024-05-14) Mastewal Simeneh; Dakito Alemu(PhD)
This study investigates the effect of corporate governance on the financial performance of Ethiopian private commercial banks and insurance companies. Specifically, the study examines how board size, board gender diversity, board member educational qualifications, audit committee size, institutional ownership, and board meeting frequency influence performance, measured by Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE). The sample consists of 29 private commercial banks and insurance companies purposively, which is 16 were private commercial banks and 13 were private insurances, utilizing balanced panel data from 2019 to 2023 Collected from the bank and insurance companies' audited accounting records and questioners for board secretaries. Descriptive and inferential statistics, including the multiple linear regression approach of the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) model, were employed for analysis. The Random Effect model was selected based on the Hausman test results. Key findings of the regression result indicate that larger board sizes negatively impact financial performance, while gender diversity, higher educational qualifications among board members and Institutional ownership positively related with financial performance. Regular board meetings contribute to better financial performance, but the board size and institutional ownership have insignificant effect on ROE. Although the size of audit committees does not significantly influence on banks and insurances financial performance As a result, the study comes to the conclusion that the financial performance of insurance and bank businesses is not significantly impacted by some corporate governance measures. The conclusions emphasize the importance of optimizing board composition, enhancing gender diversity, and encouraging institutional investment to bolster financial performance in the banking and insurance sectors in Ethiopia. The recommendation include streamlining board sizes, promoting gender diversity, prioritizing board members' educational qualifications, improving audit committee effectiveness, attracting institutional investors, and ensuring regular and strategic board meetings is important for financial performance of banks and insurances.
Assessing the Infrastructure Readiness For Capital Markets Development in Ethiopia: Opportunities and Challenges
(AAU, 2025-03-24) Bezawit Abrham Melesse; Kalifa (PhD)
This study assesses the infrastructure readiness for capital market development in Ethiopia, highlighting key opportunities and challenges. Ethiopia has historically lacked a formal capital market, but recent government initiatives aim to establish one. The research evaluates the current state of infrastructure, the readiness of financial and institutional systems, and the role of government and private sector initiatives in fostering market growth. Using a descriptive research design, data was gathered from 32 experts in the Ministry of Finance, Ethiopian Securities Exchange, insurance companies, and private commercial banks. Findings indicate that Ethiopia’s financial market infrastructure remains underdeveloped, with limited access to investment opportunities, inefficiencies in securities trading, and insufficient market data availability. However, advancements in financial technology and government policy support present significant opportunities for development. Strengthening regulatory frameworks, investing in digital trading platforms, and fostering public-private partnerships are crucial steps forward. Key recommendations include introducing tax incentives, improving financial literacy programs, establishing a stock exchange, and enhancing institutional collaboration to create a sustainable capital market in Ethiopia. This study assesses the infrastructure readiness for capital market development in Ethiopia by examining key opportunities and challenges. The research aims to evaluate the current state of infrastructure, the readiness of financial and institutional systems, and the role of government and private sector initiatives in fostering capital market growth. The study employed a descriptive research design, utilizing census sampling to gather data from 32 experts from the Ministry of Finance, Ethiopian Securities Exchange, insurance companies, and private commercial banks. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and interviews, with quantitative data analyzed using descriptive statistics and qualitative data analyzed through narration. Findings indicate that Ethiopia's capital market infrastructure is underdeveloped, with limited accessibility to investment opportunities, inefficiencies in securities trading, and insufficient market data availability. The reliability of the settlement and clearing systems was found to be neutral, while investor confidence in future market growth remains strong. The study further reveals gaps in financial and institutional infrastructure, with the regulatory framework perceived as inadequate and oversight capabilities questioned. Weak institutional collaboration and insufficient government support hinder market xiv participation. Major challenges include the absence of a stock exchange, inadequate technological infrastructure, and a shortage of skilled professionals. However, financial technology advancements and government policy support present opportunities for development. The study concludes that strengthening regulatory frameworks, investing in digital trading platforms, and fostering public-private partnerships are critical for enhancing market infrastructure. Key recommendations include introducing tax incentives, improving financial literacy programs, establishing a stock exchange, and enhancing institutional collaboration. These measures are essential for creating a sustainable and efficient capital market in Ethiopia
Factors Affecting the Performance of Microfinance Institution: The Case of Selected Microfinance in Addis Ababa
(AAU, 2023-01-14) Amanuel Alemu; Gemechu Waktola (PhD)
MFIs are the backbone of many economies and hold the key to possible revival of economic growth and the elimination of poverty on a sustainable basis. Despite their role in the economy recently microfinance has a big problem finding a perfect way to perform efficiently. The aim of this research is to assess those factors (internal control system, leadership style, firm’s characteristics and employees related issues) affecting the performance of microfinance institution in Addis Ababa. This research is necessitated due to the limited literature on the assessment of those factors chosen on this study that affects performance of microfinance in Ethiopia specifically in Addis Ababa. The study adopts inferential analysis method in addition with the descriptive research design. The population of the research is 431 by assuming to select at least 1 respondent from each 431 branches. A total of about 70 employees (manager) in various branches in Addis Ababa are selected as sample for the study representing about 16.2% of the population. The study collects the data using Self-administer questionnaire with a five point likert scale by addressing all the issues. The research used random sampling technique to distribute the questionnaires. Furthermore, descriptions are made based on the results of the tables. Finally, in this study, several hypotheses and conceptual framework were developed on the bases of background literature and those hypotheses are tested by applying reliability statistics, One-way ANOVA, and Multiple Regression Analysis to draw a conclusion. The result show that internal control system and leadership style has positive moderate significant relationship with performance of microfinance institution, and there is a statically significant positive relationship between firm’s characteristics and performance of microfinance institution, while employees related issues has statically strong significant positive relationship with performance of microfinance institution. The study conclude that the performance of MFIs is affected by various factors. To ensure their success and sustainability, MFIs need to focus highly on structured related, market related and capital related firm’s characteristics. Also MFIs has to focus on internal control system and leadership style in addition to the employees related issues.
The Practices and Challenges of Foreign Currency Generation in Commercial Bank of Ethiopia
(AAU, 2023-05-11) Tofik Rahmeto Issa; Abebe Yitayew (PhD)
The main objective of the study is to examine the challenges of foreign currency generation in Commercial Bank of Ethiopia, using primary and secondary data source from a survey of a random sample of 386 respondents/employees. To deal with this, the researcher has used both descriptive and binary logistic regression model as a tool. In the descriptive analysis part the CBE’s share reached as low as 8% in 2020/21 from 32% 2014/15. The remittances that except 2015/16 and 2017/18 its growth rate gradually dropped. In econometrics analysis; internal conflict, absence of foreign currency deposit, less work with development partners and weak employees’ knowhow have a positive significant effect on the challenges of foreign currency generation at 1% level of significance (P<0.01) and makes low generation of foreign currency. Also, work with few industrial parks has a positive significant effect on the challenges of foreign currency generation at 1% level of significance (P<0.05). Few dominated agricultural export and National Bank of Ethiopia’s directives have a negative significant effect on the challenges of foreign currency generation at 1% level of significance (P<0.01). Furthermore, participated in Africa Opportunity and Growth Act, fair charges of money transfer organizations and less intermediaries have a negative significant effect on the challenges of foreign currency generation at 5% level of significance(P<0.05). The researcher has recommended that the government should stop the internal conflict and maintain peace and security in the country and formulate policies that help to participate in Africa Growth and Opportunity and Act. Also, the government should control illegal intermediaries. In addition, the Bank should work with industrial parks and development partner.
Factors That Affect Deposit Mobilization in Bank of Abyssinia
(AAU, 2024-03-23) Yadamnesh Aderaw; Tewodros (Assistant Prof)
Deposit mobilization is the collection of cash or funds by a financial institution from the public through its current, savings, fixed, recurring accounts and other specialized schemes. Bank Deposit is affected by both exogenous and endogenous factors. Exogenous can be country specific and bank specific factors. Endogenous factors can be controlled by the banking system. The objective of this study was on factors affecting deposit Mobilization in Bank of Abyssinia using primary data. Purposive sampling technique was used. The study included all grade two, grade three and corporate branches of Abyssinia Bank. Primary data source was used to collect data from Bank of Abyssinia senior management staff. The collected data was entered, coded, and interpreted by using Stastical Package for Social science software 25. Linear regression analysis has been used with 95%CI with p value <0.05.In this study the dependent variable was bank's deposit and independent variables were deposit mobilization strategy, Gross domestic product, Bank profitability and number of branch opened. Different diagnostic tests were used to know whether the model was valid or not
Determinants of Non-interest Income in Selected Ethiopian Commercial Banks
(A.A.U, 2024-06-11) Getawey Gashawbeza; Abebaw Kassie (PhD)
This study aims to identify and analyse the determinants of non-interest income (NII) in Ethiopian commercial banks. Specifically, it examines the impact of bank-specific factors, macroeconomic variables, and technological advancements on non-interest income. An explanatory research design with a quantitative approach was employed, utilizing panel data from ten commercial banks in Ethiopia, spanning from 2010 to 2021. Secondary data was collected from internal and external sources, including the National Bank of Ethiopia, the Ministry of Finance, and annual financial reports of the sampled banks. The results indicate that certain bank-specific factors positively and significantly impact non-interest income. Conversely, macroeconomic variables such as GDP growth and inflation rate negatively impact non-interest income. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the determinants of non-interest income for Ethiopian commercial banks. It highlights the importance of stable funding sources, foreign currency holdings, and macroeconomic conditions. Banks should focus on increasing core deposits, leveraging foreign currency services, and diversifying income streams to mitigate the impacts of economic cycles and inflation. Inflation-adjusted fee structures can help mitigate the erosion of non-interest income. Investments in digital banking services can further enhance non-interest income. Effective risk management remains crucial for maintaining overall financial stability.
Prospects and Challenges of Foreign Bank Entry on Domestic Banks of Ethiopia
(A.A.U, 2024-06-30) Behailua Zerihun Nigusse; Alem Hagos (Phd)
Financial liberalization and the entry of foreign banks carry risks as well as benefits. For this reason, it is crucial that regulators manage the process carefully, addressing important cross-cutting issues like how to properly regulate the banking sector both before and after the entry of foreign banks. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the opportunities/benefits and hurdles of foreign entry banks on the domestic banks of Ethiopia. The paper used mixed research approach to address the research question and accomplish the study goal. It relies on only on primary data Descriptive statistics were used to examine the questionnaire data and thematic interpretation was done for the data obtained from interview. The respondents for the study were selected with purposive sampling from ten private banks and one state owned banks (CBE) based on the experience years, National Banks of Ethiopia, representative offices of foreign banks (Standard Bank, Commerz Bank and EXIM Bank of Tanzania) and two institutions (Ethiopian Economic Association and Ethiopian Professional Accountant and Auditor Association). The study finds that financial liberalization and allowing foreign entry banks will result in numerous benefits to financial institutions and overall economy by stimulating the existing domestic banks boosting efficiency, knowledge transfer, using advanced technology, create an opportunity for global market and reduces hard currency problem. On the contrary, the foreign banks are characterized by capital flight, targeting only potential customers and left the residue and engage in complex transaction. So, the study recommends the National Bank of Ethiopia to build its capacity by trainings and experience sharing with other African countries. Moreover, the National Bank of Ethiopia better to ensure which entry mode is optimum to Ethiopian context as it is recommended from the respondents Mergers and Joint venture since they create an opportunity for the knowledge transfer and technology imitation. The existing domestic banks had better merge with other domestic banks in order to boost their capital to compete with the coming foreign banks.
Bank Specific Determinants of Non-Perfoming Loans in the Case of Ethiopian Private Commercial Banks
(A.A.U, 2021-06-13) Sawit Wassie; Abebaw Kassie (PhD)
This study aims to find out the determinants of NPLs in Ethiopian private commercial banks. The variables were picked based on findings from the past written literatures. A quantitative research approach and explanatory research design were taken on in completing this research. Data collection method adopted for the study was document review. Secondary panel data were gathered from audited annual reports of the banks and from Ethiopian national bank then the desired ratios were calculated. Multiple linear regression equation was used to make an estimate of the model using Stata version 10 software. Data was collected from 16 private banks Tables, percentages; mean and standard deviation were established to survey the data. Furthermore, Random Effect Model was used to examine bank specific determinates of non-performing loan. loan growth rate, bank size, net interest margin ratio, return on asset and loan to deposit ratio has impact on the degree of NPLs. However, the outcomes did not suggest that equity to total asset ratio activities change the level of NPLs. The study suggests that private commercial banks should focus on many factors when providing loans so as to decrease the amount of NPLs. loan to deposit ratio, net interest margin, loan Growth rate, return on asset, bank Size were critical driver of NPLs, consequently centering and inciting the establishment close by these indicators could reduce the likelihood of NPL in Ethiopian private commercial banks. Further studies are recommended by including macroeconomic and other bank specific variables additionally by increasing the sampled periods. Key words: Loan to deposit ratio, Net interest margin, Loan growth rate, Return on asset, Bank size, Equity to asset ratio
Factors Affecting Customers’ Decision to Adopt Interest Free Banking in Ethiopia: The Case of Dashen Bank S.C.
(A.A.U, 2023-12-03) Adil Metsa; Mohammed Seid (PhD)
This paper aims to examine the main Factors Affecting Customers’ Decision to Adopt Interest Free Banking in Ethiopia: The Case of Dashen Bank Share Company. The researcher employed a cross-sectional explanatory research design and also a quantitative research approaches were used to collect and analyze primary data. This research collects primary data by distributing questionnaires to 398 customers of Interest Free Banking services in Addis Ababa and a total of 340 questionnaires were returned and used for analysis. The independent variables in this study are awareness, bank reputation, perceived complexity, perceived compatibility, perceived risk, relative advantage, religiosity, and social influence. Meanwhile, the dependent variable is customers’ decision to adopt interest free banking services. The result of this study indicates that awareness, bank reputation, social influence and perceived compatibility have a positive effect on customers’ decision to adopt interest free banking services. Likewise, perceived complexity, relative advantage and religiosity have a significant and positive effect on customer intention to adopt interest free banking services. Meanwhile, perceived risk has a negative and significant effect on customers’ decision to adopt interest free banking services in Dashen Bank Share Company. The study suggested that in order to assist the adopting of interest free banking services in the bank, the banks must actively promote themselves to the public to improve the reputation of interest free banking and to introduce innovations available in adopting interest free banking services. Keywords: Interest Free Banking, Awareness, Bank Reputation, Perceived Complexity, Social Influence, Perceived Compatibility, Perceived Risk
Oprational Challenges on Performance of Multi-National Companies in Ethiopia: The Case of Unilever Ethiopia
(A.A.U, 2022-11-16) Alemnesh Merid; Temesgen Worku (PhD)
Operation performance is generally used to express effectiveness of the firm (business) in organizing and transforming inputs into goods and services, and marketing it to achieve targeted goals over a given period of time. Multinational companies become a significant policy priority in developing countries with a view to reap the positive effects, and such companies have been widely recognized as a growth enhancing factors for host countries (Mesfin, 2016). Thus, the goal of this thesis was to assess the operational challenges of Unilever Ethiopia with respect to economic environment, political environment, taxes regulation and exchange control. Respondents from the company selected based on random sampling technique. The survey was conducted with 132 respondents. Descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression analysis were used to analyze the data with the aid of SPSS version 23. The finding of this study implies that the economic environment such as shortage of raw materials; fluctuations of the exchange rate in the market, and the agriculturally based economy significantly affect company’s production performance. This study has also an important policy implication. and this study suggested that government should provide sufficient foreign exchange through using both domestic and international financial service providers. Strength the capacity of the producers through providing the needed raw materials, build more infrastructure and create pro-business environment in line with its forward linkage effect. Keyword: Multinational companies, production performance, operational challenges
Effectiveness and Challenges of Live Online Mba Lectures: Applying the Community of Inquiry (Coi) Framework at Addis Ababa University, College of Business and Economics
(A.A.U, 2024-06-17) Asegid Debebe; Tilahun Teklu (PhD)
This thesis examined the effectiveness and challenges of online lectures for MBA students at Addis Ababa University's College of Business and Economics (CoBE) using the Community of Inquiry (CoI) framework, which includes cognitive, teaching, and social presences. Data were collected from 111 students and 6 instructors via the CoI questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics and Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results indicated that while students generally understood the material taught online, the significant majority of the students faced technical difficulties impacting their learning experience. Many students expressed satisfaction with online learning and a willingness to continue, although concerns about its sufficiency for full preparation for exams and assignments remained. Instructors had mixed experiences, with some expressing satisfaction and others highlighting challenges such as internet connectivity issues and the lack of interactive teaching aids. The PLS-SEM analysis revealed significant relationships between teaching, social, and cognitive presences and the perceived effectiveness of online learning. The findings highlight the importance of addressing technical challenges, enhancing digital literacy, and improving teaching strategies to foster engagement and interaction in online classes. This research contributes to understanding online learning dynamics and provides recommendations for improving online education practices at Addis Ababa University and similar institutions. Keywords Online Learning, Addis Ababa University, Live Lecture, COVID-19
Institutional Quality and Inward Foreign Direct Investment in Sub-Saharan Africa
(A.A.U, 2025-01-11) Genet Mulate; laxmikantham Padakanti (Asso. Prof.)
This study aimed to investigate the impacts of institutional quality on foreign direct investment (FDI) in Sub-Saharan Africa, focusing on identifying key economic challenges and opportunities to inform strategic policy interventions. The research problem stems from persistent socioeconomic vulnerabilities in African economies, including weak institutional frameworks and their impacts on capital flows or FDI which is key for technology transfer, economic diversification and economic growth in the region. Employing a quantitative research design and a deductive research approach, the study analyzed secondary data collected from reputable global financial and economic databases. A purposive sampling technique was used to select countries based on economic diversity, regional representation, and data availability. Data analysis involved descriptive and inferential statistical methods to ensure robust and reliable findings. Using panel data for selected SSA countries for the period from 2000 to 2003 and employing generalized method of moments (GMM) and quantile regressions, the study provides evidence that the quality of governance is a critical determinant of inward FDI in SSA. The key findings revealed that the performance of inward FDI is significantly influenced by the quality of governance, including Control of Corruption, Rule of Law, Voice and Accountability, Government Effectiveness, Political Stability and Absence of Violence/Terrorism and Regulatory Quality. The analysis reveals a great extent of heterogeneity. Countries with lower levels of FDI benefit most from improvements in the quality of governance. The study concludes that tailored interventions, including strengthening institutional frameworks and the quality of governance are crucial for enhancing the inflow of foreign direct investment which is crucial for economic growth and resilience in Africa. The findings have important policy implications. Improving the quality of governance and institutional quality is crucial for African countries in order to facilitate inward FDI to the region. Policy reforms, capacity building, and stakeholder engagement to address unique challenges regarding the issue of governance is a game changer. This study contributes to the discourse on sustainable economic development in Africa, providing a roadmap for policymakers, development partners, and private sector actors on improving various aspects of governance that are key for enhancing FDI inflows. Keywords: Quality of Governance, Foreign Direct Investment, Economic Resilience, African Economies, Institutional Quality, Policy Interventions
The Effect of Human Resource Management Practice on Organization Commitment, in Case of Lideta Sub City Administration Office
(A.A.U, 2024-06-16) Debora Gebredingle; Dejene Tulu (PhD)
Human resource management practices such as training & development, performance appraisal, compensation & reward, recruitment & selection and their effects on the organizational commitment are examined by previous researchers. However, not many studies have conducted in Ethiopia, more specifically in the government administrative office. This researches was aimed to investigate the effects of human resources management practices in organizational commitment based on the three-aspect version of organisational commitment, such as; affective commitment, continuance commitment, and normative commitment. Also the study was conducted in Ethiopian Lideta Sub City Administration Office and it uses explanatory to examine the relationship cause and effect among variables. The total of 232 questionnaires was disseminated and 205 were collected that accounts 88.4 % response rate. Data was collected and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 was used as the statistical analysis tool and interpretation of findings. The research finding was indicated that affective, continuance, normative, and overall organizational commitments was high relationships with performance appraisal and compensation & reward and low relationships with training & development and also recruitments & selection. Generally, the study concluded that the overall HRM practices has been 70.3% influenced on the organizational commitment. Keywords: Organizational commitment, affective commitment, continuance commitment, normative commitment, training & development, performance appraisal, compensation & reward, recruitment & selection.

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