Advanced Architectural Design

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Causes and effects of Diminishing water volume in lake chelekleka, bishoftu, ethiopia and strategy for conservation
(Addis Ababauniversity, 200-06) assefa, daniel; worku, Hailu (PhD)
This study aimed to examine Causes and Effects of Diminishing Water Volume in Lake Chelekleka, Bishoftu, Ethiopia and Strategy for Conservation. To meet the objective of the research, appropriate attention were taken to investigate the land use/cover changes, field observation, interviews with officials and horticulture farmers. Hence, the results of the study Shown, extent of the land use/cover change and its effects seen on Chelekleka Lake and its Swampy areas were very dramatic. That is, majority of the forest land use/covers during the (1973-2010) in Chelekleka Lake Water Shades and its surroundings were converted to crop land, settlement, degraded bare lands, and grass lands. This land use types covers much of the southern, western, Central and eastern parts of the Chelekleka Lake Watersheds and its surroundings. Besides, notably after 1986 land use/cover change was very tremendous and exhibited decline of forest lands, shrub lands, and swampy vegetation. Hence, during 1973- 1986 deforestation and soil degradation in the Chelekleka Lake Watersheds and its surroundings was very sever, which was ultimately affected the depth of the lake. In the same period majority of the forest and shrub lands in upper water course changes to grass lands, crop lands and bare-degraded lands, i.e., markedly, degraded bare land coverage was increased because of acute increase of agricultural lands. Moreover, the land use investigation data conclude the presence of a shift in land use types, for instance, agricultural lands were converted to population settlements areas and crop lands in turn expand to shrub and uncultivable land uses. Similarly irrigated vegetations also occupied the swampy areas of Chelekleka Lake. These land use changes caused massive reduction of surface water coverage and changes its shapes from deep dark blue and compacted shapes to slant shallow and light blue color shapes. Generally study concludes, all the Chelekleka lake especially, The inner and border areas of the lake Chelekleka was dramatically changed into irrigated vegetation and grass lands and hence the dying of the lake was already starting from upper and expands to its central areas. In addition to the challenges of land use change factors like high interest of Horticulture expansion, poorly planned infrastructure developments, lack of awareness and poor attention from governments, and climate change/variability exacerbate the dying of the lake. On the basis of the study findings of the research the following recommendations forwarded undertaking appropriate resource conservation and management approaches, both the lake and its buffer zone should be demarcated and administered by concerned bodies, the silt and sedimentation filled the base of the lake should be removed, appropriately designed ditch and/or bridges to transfer the streams from upper course to the lake should be implemented. Key words: Lake Chelekleka Land use land cover change
Implementation of local Development Plans in Addis Ababa The Case of Eca Ldp
(Addis Ababauniversity, 2005-06) Mulugeta, Dejene; Gossaye, Ashenafi (PhD)
Urban development especially planned urban development is a recent phenomena in the history of urban development in the Ethiopian context in general and particularly in Addis Ababa. Various attempts were made to guide the development of Addis Ababa in a planned manner. Starting from the more traditional city organization of Empress 'Taitu', implementation of portions of the other successive Master Plans have contributed their share for the birth of the present urban form of Addis Ababa. The preparation and implementation of Local development plans has become a very visible phenomenon as a means to implement the Master Plans of Addis Ababa since the 1986 MP. Since then various LDPs have been prepared and implemented. As described in the introductory part the purpose of this thesis is to conduct a research on the two main areas concerning the LDPs of Addis Ababa, namely, the challenges and the impacts of implementing LDPs in Addis Ababa. In trying to answer the posed research questions an effort was made to make the research as comprehensive as possible. Hence, possible areas that are linked to LDP implementation such as plan preparation trends, institutional and legal setup for LDP preparation and implementation and the socio -economic impacts of implementing LDPs in Addis Ababa are touched upon in a fairly detailed manner. In the case study section, the case of kaza-INCHIS / ECA LDP is researched to show to the reader the impact and the challenges of LDP implementation in the inner-city areas of Addis Ababa. In the final analysis the research has concluded that the introduction of LDPs has brought about a positive change in creating planned urban development in spite of the problems created in the process of implementing the LDPs in both the physical and socio-economic arenas. Problems are seen in the area of the nature of the plans prepared in that the plans are only two dimensionally conceived, prepared and implemented and that the three dimensional aspect of them is left to grow by chance. Socio-economically it was found out that implementing LDPs in the inner-city areas of Addis Ababa such as the ECA LDP has caused the disruption of the socio-economic
Social Aspects of Housing, Understanding Communities and Neighborhoods: The Case of Six Areas in Addis Ababa
(Addis Ababauniversity, 2005-06) yoseph, Ezana; graduate, Chairperson
The social aspect is something that is yet to develop in the practice of housing in the city of Addis Ababa. Social studies focus on the demographic and land negotiation aspects only, as seen in the practice of the City Administration. The planner hence focuses more on the provision of maximum number of plots with little or no respect to the sociological software issues of communities and neighborhoods. Therefore the research tries to address these two essential units by taking six case studies. The method that was followed to do the research was the case study method. Since the very existence of communities and neighborhoods according to general principles and design aspects is to be investigated, sample areas of six different locations were taken from the city of Addis Ababa. The criterion for selection is representativeness. One aspect of the criterion is age. There are two time packages, that is, older and recent settlement. From the older Old Airport, Lideta and Bole areas have been taken, while from the more recent Gerji, CMC and Saris areas have been considered. The other selection criterion is class. Three samples have been selected in the first package, that is, the Bole area from the more affluent, the Old Airport area from the middle and moderately affluent and the Lideta area from the lower income. In the latter package, since the target of the housing has been basically addressing the middle and lower class, we have only these classes under domain. In both packages, general principles according to literature review have been applied to investigate what exists in terms of communities. In that of neighborhoods, British standard studies1 1 R.N. Morris and John Mogey, “The Sociology of Housing”, Routledge & Kegan Paul, London, p.108 ; here the standard has been applied to the case of Berinsfield, even if a resettlement case, the standard applying to non-resettlement cases of housing too. have been considered that were also applied to the resettlement case of Bernisfield, principles that can also apply to other housing cases as well, as in the cases of this thesis. Findings show that the city lacks fully constituted community or neighborhood units in the sample housing areas, as measured according to international standards referred, due to mainly the lack of formal centers. No degree of informality in the existing situation could substitute the formal center, for if so, communities would have surfaced out. Neighborhoods have also been found to be incompletely constituted as well, again a hierarchic reflection of the unfulfilled content of the community, implying the need of centers in the future
Street Names: Directories of Mental Maps And Business in Commercial Areas Cases From Commercial Areas Of Addis Ababa
(Addis Ababauniversity, 2005-06) Asfaw, Dagim; Birhanu, Wubshet (PhD)
The main objective of this research is to find out the relationship between pedestrian orientation and street naming by analyzing the mental maps created as a result of the physical urban environment in commercial areas. Identifying the impact of street naming which emanates from mental maps on trade is the core objective of the paper. The lack of proper addressing systems especially of functional street names in most African Cities has a deep-rooted problem in the absence of proper urban planning and design principles. The need to grow towards global economy, which is based on the presence of functional addressing system, seems neglected in the day-to-day transactions in the commercial areas of Addis Ababa. Therefore, the addressable objects that buyers and sellers mostly use must be those, which are persistent to urban change and are able to create the strongest mental image in the observers mind, namely the streets. In this research, street patterns current trends of addressing and their impact on trade are studied by implementing basic urban design principles. The case study method is used in the study by selecting three commercial areas in Addis Ababa. This study shows that both street design and naming are weak in the commercial areas and hence pedestrian orientation is loose in those areas. Factors which contribute to this urban problem are: absence of properly designed streets in the commercial centers, absence of street names and where they exist, the weak link between the existing names and their use by pedestrians for commercial activities. Based on the findings, street names in commercial areas can be generated from the dominant physical element in the mental maps of pedestrians and the dominant business in that locality. Thus, the research shows that street names in commercial areas will be effective if they are considered as a directory of mental maps and business in commercial areas. The findings of the study are believed to clarify the link between street design, street naming and trade in commercial areas. The study is based on the cases from Addis Ababa. However, it is believed that it will also serve to be a component of the background paper for the UNECA initiative Functional Addressing System for Africa
UDP705 hsing in Urban context in formac seitlements in Addis Ababa
(Addis Ababauniversity, 2006-02) Lirebo, Daniel
Assessment of Management Options for Domestic Solid Waste in Addis Ababa (Case study of French Legasion Area
(Addis Ababauniversity, 2007-07) Tsegaye, Fitsum; Assafa, Berhanu (PhD)
In any solid waste management study information on solid waste characteristics and rate of generation is essential. One of the main constraints for proper planning and design of solid waste management in Addis Ababa is the absence of reliable and up to date study in this area. Since the lion share of the municipal solid waste (76%) is contributed from residential houses giving solution to this part will contribute much for the over all management of the municipality solid waste. The assessment of management options for domestic solid waste was done in an area called French Legasion situated in Yeka sub-city, one of the 10 sub-cities of Addis Ababa city government, with the objective of assessing the characteristics of solid waste generated at the household level and its level of impact on the environment as well as identifying sustainable management options accounting for economical, environmental feasibility and social attitudes. To get reliable data 120 households were randomly selected from the study area. A structured questionnaire was used to collect household level data on the socio-economic and daily traits. The solid waste of each household was collected, sorted and weighted for 11 consecutive days for compositional and generation rate analysis. The proximate and ultimate analysis was also undertaken in the Addis Ababa chemical engineering laboratory and in the analytical laboratory of ILRI. Statistical software called Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS 10) was used during the analysis for both the structured questionnaire and the collected solid waste data. According to the data analysis the composition of the waste was found high in food waste (55.35%) followed by ash and dirt (22.29%); the average generation rate was determined to be 196 gm/cap/day with the average density of 311 kg/m3. The correlation analysis clearly showed that the generation rate positively correlated to the socio-economic background of the households and negatively correlated to the educational background
Characteristics of Riverbank Informal Settlements In Addis Ababa the Case of Great Akaki River
(Addis Ababauniversity, 2007-10) Mekonnen, Berhanu; Berhanu, Wubshet (PhD)
The Problems of Water Supply in Asosa Woreda Benishangul Gumuz Regional State
(Addis Ababauniversity, 2010-06) Musa, Abdulkerim
The role of remittance and return migrants on urban growth and rural urban linkage: The case of hosanna
(Addis Ababauniversity, 2011-06) ergando, Abinet; gebre, Tegegne (Professor)
The objective of this study is to understand the remittance and returnees’ impact for growth and rural urban linkage together with the aim of identifying the pattern and magnitude of remittance. This study was conducted in Hosanna using methodological triangulation to collect primary data. In this regard respondents for Survey questionnaire (40 remitted 30 returnees and 90 non-migrants), FGD and In-Depth Interview were selected using a mix of purposive, snowball and stratified multistage cluster sampling techniques. The study finding underlined that large amount of remittance is being injected in the economy of the town and the surrounding areas. The inflow remittance has been increasing as more and more people emigrate to RSA. Although, flow pattern exhibits unevenness across seasons (months) of a year, the annual figure confirmed a rapid increase of remittance both in terms of the magnitude and pattern of flow. Concerning the flow channel, the study highlighted the existence of informality where remittance from RSA most often reaches Ethiopia through pocket of travelers. Regarding the impact of remittance and return migrants, this study indicated remittance and return migrants positively contributed for increase in both investment and consumption in general. Specifically the impact on housing construction, transportation sector and labour supply are positively affected by remittance and returnees activities. On the contrary, the impact on price of products (inflated prices), inequality and dependence get worse due to introduction of remittance and return migrants in to Hosanna’s economy. Regarding human capital formation, the health impact of remittance and returnees activity found to be positive while the impact on education is remain inconclusive. This is because although remittance induced family migration and hence better education improved at primary education levels. Less positive side of story comes as remittance induced further migration of youngsters by giving less incentive to continue their education above secondary level. More importantly remittance and returnees activities have very clear impact on Hosanna’s sprawl. The study indicated that the increased income from remittance and return migrants increased demand for consumption and investment, addressing this need in Hosanna obviously presumes creating and/or strengthening linkages between the town and the hinterland. On the other hand, remittance and return migrants activity, and the asphalt road were the two main reasons for the dynamism of the town
Coping strategies of displaced flood Victims: the case of dire dawa
(Addis Ababauniversity, 2011-06) i gebremeskel, Eleni; Mulugeta, Solomon (PhD)
The main aim of this study was to explore post crisis coping strategies of the 2006 flooddisplaced victims of Dire-Dawa in the three resettlement camps (Jerba, Gende, and Mariam sefer). The study intended to look at the challenges victims face to cope, the coping strategies employed and their outcomes, and finally the influential factors behind the choice of coping mechanisms. As a theoretical framework, sustainable livelihood framework (SLF) was employed To this end, out of a total of 624 flood-displaced victims in the three resettlement camps, 18% were selected proportionally for the purpose of this study. Accordingly, 112 respondents were selected. To achieve the objectives mentioned, data were gathered through questionnaire, key informant interview, focus group discussion and observation. The questionnaire was distributed for all 112 sample respondents; FGD was conducted with 16 of the participants of this study. In addition, to cross-check the results of the survey, interview was made with 7 key informants (women, leaders of the resettlement camps, and chair person of the Dire Dawa DPPA bureau). The data obtained through questionnaire were analyzed using simple descriptive statistical methods such as frequencies, percentages, charts, tables, and graphs. For the qualitative analysis (for the data obtained through focus group discussions, key informant interview, observation, open-ended questions) direct quotes and discussions were made. Results of the study revealed that, economic, social/organizational and cultural coping mechanisms were employed in response to challenges exerted by flood incidence. The social/organizational and cultural coping strategies were found to be the most effective whereas some of the economic coping mechanisms were found to be least effective (e.g. children involvement in livelihood activities). The researcher of this study recommends that mechanisms should be designed by city administration and NGOs to avert the consequent problems of those coping strategies which have undesirable outcome (reduction of meals, children school dropout). The communities studied should also be benefited from micro credit services so as to diversify income generating activities and ensure sustainable livelihood
Women Empowerment Through Micro Finance: The Case of Omo Micro Finance Programs in Arba Minch Town, Southern Region
(Addis Ababauniversity, 2011-07) Esayas, Befikadu; Tolossa, Degefa (Professor)
through Omo micro finance programs in Arba Minch town, Southern Ethiopia. It also attempts to assess the ways in which the programs bring economic and social impacts on women status at household and community level. In order to achieve the study objectives, mixed research methodology was used to generate data both from primary and secondary sources. Primary data were collected by means of survey questionnaire, in-depth-interview of cases, key informant interview, focus group discussion, non-participant observation, and field notes. Secondary data were generated by reviewing the works of scholars, which are both published and unpublished documents. Specifically, alternative development theory was applied as a theoretical framework of the study, where the alternative proposals of the theory and its link with empowerment were mainly discussed in attempt to investigate the research problem. Equally, an analytical framework was applied for better understandings and measuring empowerment in the context of this study. The collected data were analyzed, summarized, and interpreted through qualitative and quantitative methods of data analysis. In the later case, statistical package for social sciences software was employed to code, compile, and analyze one hundred one credit beneficiaries selected for the study purpose and present the findings in various forms. The former method was used to explain and supplement the numerical data. In spite of the entry barriers into micro finance programs in the study area, it was revealed that participation in the programs has brought positive economic and social impacts on the lives of the beneficiary women. The economic impacts are more pronounced both at household and community level. But, the social impacts at household level exceeds the community level, which are in one way or another linked with long existed societal negative attitude towards women/ less recognition of women roles. It was found that there is relatively a different understanding on the meaning of micro finance in the academic literatures and the reality. Alternatively, women perception and experiences of empowerment through micro finance programs is truly interesting as viewed in the eyes of the women themselves. Women participation in Omo micro finance programs were constrained by three different yet interrelated factors (institutional, personal, and context specific). Nevertheless, institutional related factors were found to be the most serious factors holding women back from participating in the programs in the study area. The major recommendations forwarded include: revisit some of the rigid client selection criteria of the credit program; strengthen co-operations of the institute with different stakeholders and promote saving mobilizations; upgrade employees‟ capacity through various trainings and experience sharing with neighbouring micro finance institutes; scale up initiatives/best practices of women affair office of the town so far made to inculcate the roles and values women play; and uphold experience sharing mechanisms between participant and the non-participant women in the study area. Key words: Micro finance, Omo micro finance programs, empowerment, and perception
Evaluation of land use planning and implimentation With respect to environmental issues in sululta Town
(Addis Ababauniversity, 2012-06) Mekonnen, Mekonnen; Worku, Hailu (PhD)
Urban land use plan is a tool to guide and manage the growth of cities/towns in a planned manner. The soul of land use plan lies in the preparation and its implementation, if not people are trapped in a mess of urban problems particularly environmental problems. The land use plans have been prepared for several towns of Ethiopia; however, its preparation and implementation is found at infant stage due to host of reasons and Sululta is the one. Thus, the researcher concerned with the evaluation of land use planning and implementation with respect to environmental issues in Sululta town. In this regard, poor waste management, incompatible and unsuitable land use allocation and implementation, low level of awareness of private investors, limited knowledge and skill of municipality, the abundant distribution of quarrying areas, misuse of wetlands, were the major problems. Therefore, the economical, social, aesthetical, recreational and ecological values the town would get were adversely affected. Thus, this research was conducted in order to evaluate the major land use conflicts and environmental problems of the existing land use plan and implementation with respect to environment in the study area. Specifically, the study focuses on issues like urban greenery, solid and liquid waste management, quarrying activities and pollution in order to curb the problems. Based on these objectives the researcher discussed the issues of land use planning and its implementation with respect to environment in the study area. Accordingly, land uses like housing, commerce, road network were proposed on environmental sensitive areas, wetland. As well as incompatibly and unsuitably land use proposal of industrial area, abattoir and dump site and the elongated shape of the town which is difficult for the provision of infrastructure were identified. Moreover, the study boldly rationalize that the misuse of urban greenery, dumpsite, abattoir, industrial development and quarrying activities during plan implementation. These may result various environmental problems such as pollution and destruction of natural resources which adversely affects the recreational ecological, aesthetic and social-cultural values of the town. Finally, the researcher concluded that there were contributing factors to the infectively prepared and implemented land use plan particular emphasis to environment in the study area. The external factors like community, investors and private participation, shortage of commitment of officials as well as internal factors such as experience and disciplinary gap of the plan preparation team were contributed to the limited quality of the plan. Moreover, the effectiveness of the plan implementation were hindered by lack of policy and commitment of officials, shortage of implementation tools, skilled man power and community awareness Key terms: - land use planning, plan implementation, environmental problems
Self-Help Cooperative Housing Potentials and limitations as a housing delivery option the case of Tana kebele in Bahir Dar
(Addis Ababauniversity, 2012-10) Abdie, Dawod; Wogayehu, _Fisseha (PhD)
Housing the low income households has been one of the critical urban problems in Ethiopian cities due to high rate of urbanization. The same is true in Bahir Dar. The City Administration aimed to achieve one housing unit for one household in 2015 through integrated systems of housing delivery mechanism, including cooperative housing delivery. Even though cooperative housing was proposed as one strategy for housing the low income and Bureau of Cooperative Promotion is organizing housing cooperatives, currently the role of cooperative housing is not well defined. The land allocation for cooperatives was terminated before three years. The increasing growth of squatter settlements and overcrowding manifests the existing housing problem of the city. This calls for the study of potentials and limitations of each housing delivery options. Based on this the thesis set out to identify the potentials and limitations of aided self-help cooperative housing with scheme of core housing for low income households in Bahir Dar. The unit of analysis is the housing process. The focus is on collective ownership, core house provision, collective action and participation. For the depth study of the housing process case study design is selected. All three aided self-help housing cooperatives are selected in Bahir Dar with the criteria of availability of data, self-help concept and cooperative housing for low income households. Since they have the same structure and the same housing development scheme, they were analyzed as one. Core issues are analyzed from data gathered through document study, observational study, photography and interview of 42 households out of 60. The findings of the study identified that collective ownership, collective action, core house provision and participation of low income households are the potentials which create economic and social benefit for the beneficiaries. Absence of use and social mixity, opportunity cost of being involved in collective over private work (free rider problem) and non-flexible core house design were the identified limitations. The findings reveal that self-help cooperative housing has a potential that could be used as an alternative way of mitigating the housing problem of low income households in the city. Based on the findings in the research the recommendations are forwarded with proposal of design typologies in different contexts of the city
Local Development Plan for Inner City Areas, Particular Emphasis Based on Evaluation of Basic Urban Design Parameters the Case of Meskel Square Entrance Pocket Area, Addis Ababa
(Addis Ababauniversity, 2013-06) Fissha, Dawit; Assefa, Alazar (PhD)
Addis Ababa is the capital as well as the political and cultural center of Ethiopia. But the slum areas in the inner city are found to be the prominent problems that hide the international image of the city. Hence, extensive redevelopment activities are under way to transform the city in to a more livable city in Africa. However, Addis Ababa faces huge challenges in redeveloping slum areas. Thus, this paper tried to assess physical aspects of the redevelopment practices of Kaza-INCHIS/ECA/Economic Commission for Africa/ area and analyze the proposed Local Development plan of Meskel square entrance pocket area. This paper, therefore, applied snowballing random sampling method to select respondents for this paper. The paper further utilized purposive sampling to select officials in different hierarchies’ and area of expertise. Both primary and secondary data are collected with the help of interviews, structured questionnaires, site reconnaissance and observation. The collected data were analyzed, interpreted and presented with the help of various software packages: MS-excel, GIS, AutoCAD, ArchiCAD, Artlantis Studio, Adobe Photoshop, Adobe Illustrator and computer programs. The results were presented in text, tables, pictures, charts, graphs and maps. Accordingly, the research concluded that the redevelopment practice in Addis Ababa has problems with respect to physical issues of urban design concepts, absence of visual satisfaction or aesthetics, comfort, efficiency, identity and sustainability, poor proportional integration of different land uses, road hierarchy, poor consideration of urban public spaces as a breathing open space and poor landscaping among others. Hence, the recommendations, the design concepts and spatial proposals presented in this thesis paper will pave the way for physically Livable, Vibrant and Sustainable design and implementation of redevelopment interventions in the city. Key word: Urban, Redevelopment, Local Development Plan, Urban Design
Open Space Quality And Sustainability: The Spatial Aspects of Low Cost Condominium Neighbourhood Open Spaces in Addis Ababa
(Addis Ababauniversity, 2014-02) Admasu, Fitsum; Alemayehu, Yonas
Urban redevelopment is the effort currently undergoing in the city of Addis Ababa This research examines a phenomenon currently happening in the open spaces of Addis Ababa condominium neighbourhoods.it focuses on spatial aspect and sustainability of condominium neighbourhood open space. The research investigated the phenomenon through analysing two selected case study areas located in Kirkos and Nifassilk-lafto Sub cities of Addis Ababa. The research method used is a case study method in which both primary and secondary data were collected through qualitative and quantitative technique. The qualitative data analyses are done through discussion, comparative analysis of empirical observation and mapping. Random sampling method is applied to choose households during the survey. This research is carried out from the perspective in which quality and sustainability of open space is viewed as a significant element of organisation. Two categories of activities were used to evaluate the quality of open space and the result shows that necessary activities have been the dominant one, which leads to conclude that outdoor spaces are found in poor spatial qualities. However, most of the times a majority of open spaces is found to be dull and inactive, it was able to identify major uses and activities of open space. The research found a distinguished edge and central space within a defined open space in which the first is most chosen by the residents than the later. The study also found three major approaches of open space management in which the first is run by condominium owners association, the second is by business owners and the third is by self-motivated dwellers. A close connection between pedestrian movement, road hierarchy within the neighbourhood, and provision of commercial services are revealed by this study. Furthermore, lack of proper open space management, inefficient use of existing features and assets, poor arrangement of landscaping elements have heightened the un-sustainability of the study areas in spatial aspects. Finally, based on the findings of the study recommendations are forwarded. Keywords: Quality, Landscape, Open space, Sustainability, Activity
Characteristics of Small Businesses in Residential Settlement of Addis Ababa - the case of Aware area
(Addis Ababauniversity, 2014-03) Alemu, Endalk; Yitbarek, Elias (PhD)
The main purpose of this study is to identify the types and characteristics of small business in residential settlements. For this, the researcher focused on spatial characteristics of the market area and socio economic characteristics of small business owners. The primary data are collected from the case study and are analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively. The secondary data collected from LDP report, magazines, brochures, books, theories, researches are discussed in the literature review. The study took Aware local market area which is located in Arada sub city, as case study to clearly understand the spatial and socio economic characteristics of small businesses in the neighborhoods of Addis Ababa. Thus the study is done by formulating filters to identify the major element in the different type’s small businesses and in depth interviews for the business owners. The main types of small businesses identified in the study area are open markets, home based businesses (HBE), rental shops and small scale enterprises (MSE). The relationship between different types of small business and the socio- economic status (Age, educational status, income status, skill status) of business owners are found to have great impact on the spatial characteristics (size, shape, construction material they use, accessibility) of small businesses and the activity of the small businesses. The main impacts identified are: the lesser the socio economic status of business owners such as: age, educational status, skill status, income per month of the business owners is the lesser the knowledge they have to develop and improve the physical status of the businesses, and vies versa, The lesser their socio economic status is the less they are efficiently performing in the business and vice versa. In addition the study also found the advantages of small businesses in residential settlements as well as on a bigger scale. The major advantages are: Income generation, employment generation, economic sustainability, gender equity, economic development, and entrepreneurship. Thus, If it is done in proper and planned manner small businesses can be a tool for creating stable income distribution between neighborhood residents. But in order to achieve this, small business owners should get the proper financial support, training support and proper space to work and insure the quality of their products and service. Key Word: - Small business
Sustainability and open space the spatial sustainability of open spaces in new condominium neighbourhoods of addis ababa
(Addis Ababauniversity, 2014-07) getnet, Anteneh; alemayehu, Yonas
Neighbourhoods are becoming basic planning entities in the modern planning industry and there is a great attitude and tendency in the planning process to make neighbourhoods vital, safe, and beautiful places to live in. For this achievement greater significance is given to the design and management of public open spaces of neighbourhoods. Addis Ababa, the capital city of Ethiopia and the diplomatic capital of Africa, is developing new neighbourhoods mainly through the grand housing program of the city. These new neighbourhoods in the perspective of the current open space problem of the city is a worth mentioning success. But in the arena of development it needs to be assessed and evaluated from the sustainability point of view. The general objective of the study is evaluating and assessing the sustainability of open spaces in new condominium neighbourhoods of Addis Ababa. The study focuses mainly on their physical sustainability, which is one parameter to the three dimension of sustainable human settlement development: environmental/physical, social, and economic. Thus the study asses and examine the sustainability of open spaces of the new condominium neighbourhoods in Addis Ababa, with a focus on their spatial dimension, by taking Gerji neighbourhood as a case study site. The study utilized a qualitative case study method. To do so interviews with the residents and personal long-term observation are carried on. The open spaces of the new neighbourhoods are analyzed according to the different activities exercised, landscaping objects, accessibility and security, and their distribution. By doing so, the study analyzes how activities and objects contribute to and accessibility, security, and distribution enhance the spatial sustainability of the open spaces. The analysis and findings clearly show that there is a difficulty in planning, implementation, and management of the open spaces in the new condominium neighbourhoods. The open spaces currently do not have owner. Their utilization, for the different activities going on, is very arbitral and according to the interest of individual residents. There are no objects or landscaping elements in the open spaces. And their physical status is above left over spaces but not developed and administered to its minimum standard. The success on the distribution and potential on the accessibility and security shows the potential of the open spaces to be the would be places of the neighbourhood. In general terms, the results show that the open spaces have problems related with their spatial sustainability
Exploring the use of domestic spaces for home Based income generation ﴾The Case Of WISE Of Addis-Ketema, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia﴿
(Addis Ababauniversity, 2015-02) girmay, Alemea; Alemayehu, Yonas
Addis Ababa, the capital city of Ethiopia, a bustling metropolis is a small-scale fabric of global mainstreams, 80% living in slums, 51% working in the informal sector. Among the informal sector, home-based enterprise is very crucial in Addis Ababa, where 70% of the people are running business reported the same. Hence, this study was motivated to explore the implication of accommodating home based work in the domestic space, in areas where the population density is high (E.g. Addis-Ketema, Addis Ababa). Therefore, selfemployed women in Addis-Ketema are used as a case study. Methods employed in data collection include field observation, self -administered in-depth interview with households and key-informants, photo registration, measurement and drawing of domestic spaces. Drawing on this data, the paper examines implication of domestic space use for home based work. The study found out that home-based enterprise (HBE) is not spatially confined to the dwelling and scarcity of space does not prevent from accommodating the HBE in the dwelling. Home-based workers use the domestic space starting from the dwelling, to the courtyard and neighborhood street. As a result, HBE operators use different techniques to configure these spaces, starting from a simple (cleaning and changing of function of space) to comprehensive (adjusting partitions, extension and enclosure of veranda, replacing the structure step-bystep, constructing rooms & building temporary movable structures). The study has also revealed that the benefits of accomodating this HBE at the domestic space are: closeness to customers & service (time and money saving), symbiosis in the phenomenon and optimal use of the house, household participation and family supervision, and enhancement of security. However, the challenges are nuisance related (noise, smell, dust and smoke), risks related (Such as health, privacy, and security), and crowding. The study found out HBEs are the primary income source to support the households. Despite the fact that, respondents have different perception regarding the use of domestic space for home based work. The integration of HBE activities into the domestic setting is appreciated: when dwellers have small household number, ample room area or where the activity intensively takes place outside the dwelling (such as, courtyard and adjacent neighborhood streets).As well as, households support the integration of the HBE activity when there is no movement of the working equipment. Surprisingly, households with scarce space and having large household number, still have positive perception due to its being their indispensible income source, enabling them to cover their daily expenses. Nevertheless, respondents have a negative perception towards intgration of the home based income generation activity in the domestic space, where the activity creates health related risk (dust & smoke) and crowdedness. Based on the findings, the study concluded that accommodation of the HBE in the domestic space is an important way through which the low-income households can earn and boost their living. Hence, understanding the configuration and meaning of the domestic space for this purpose is essential. Key Words: Home-based income generation; domestic space configuration, women in self-employment (WISE), Addis-Ketema, Addis Ababa
Secondary Dwelling Units’ Extension The case of Residential Houses in Woreda 2, Akaki-Kality Sub City, Addis Ababa
(Addis Ababauniversity, 2015-02) Hailemariam, Alemayehu; Yitbarek, Elias (Professor)
This thesis examines secondary dwelling units’ (a local name called “Service biet”) extension in Woreda 2 Akaki-Kality sub city in Addis Ababa. The study was designed to better understand why and how secondary dwelling units have been extending for the past twenty years. Data were collected from randomly selected thirty households by using semi structured interview. Housing surveys were conducted to gather data concerning secondary dwelling units’ extension; family motivation for the extensions and space use through mapping, sketching and photograph. Household case stories were used to better understand the phenomenon of secondary dwelling units’ extension. Secondary data: different maps, published and unpublished documents and archival study were used. Based on the collected data and the analysis made, the study found families space needs that led the extension of secondary dwelling units. These are: rental income, home based business, accommodation of matured and married children, accommodation of close relatives and to add functional space for the primary house. Furthermore, the major initiation and purpose for extending secondary units in Woreda 2 were for accommodation of married children and to generate income through rental and home based business units. The study also found that the extension of secondary dwelling units relatively produce rapid, convenient, affordable varieties of housing options. In addition, it is a means of income generation for livelihood improvements. The study showed secondary dwelling units’ extensions were hidden developments. The change of the neighborhood form or character because of secondary dwelling units and its extension is minimum. Finally the study recommends; secondary dwelling units could be convenient planning strategy to inhabit and to supply affordable housing options for the growing urban population. The study also recommends proper building regulations concerning secondary dwelling units to improve, to achieve livability standards and for the efficient utilization of the dwelling units. Key words: Secondary dwelling unit, primary/main house, extension
Assessment on the perceived needs of condominium residents on the functional uses and values of neighborhood open spaces: the cases of Jemo one condominium site, Addis Ababa.
(Addis Ababauniversity, 2016-02) Getnet, Eyerusalem; Maru, Mulugeta
Open spaces in the neighborhood are vital aspects of urban planning and design in environmental and social dimension of living condition. In the planning and designing process of open space, identifying the community’s interest towards the open space is important to determine the functional use and value of the space to meet the society’s need. This research investigates the functional use and values of neighborhood open space and perceptions of condominium communities so as to evaluate the effectiveness of the provided open space among the neighborhood. The study focus on gathering the community perceived needs towards open space and how they would prefer it to be by taking Jemo I condominium residential site as a case study. The case study is selected because most of the residents are relocated to this condominium site from deteriorate slum settlement and residents who use a rental house from all over the country which create the social diversification in terms of age, income status, and living background. Due to this the site is selected to carryon this study. To go through this study, a descriptive methodology is followed. Representative households were selected using simple random sampling to participate on structured questionnaire for this paper. Out of the total buildings clustered with open space 10% of the buildings are selected and among those 20% of one bed room, two bed room and three bed room households are selected. Inputs data for this study were collected using interview, questionnaire and site survey techniques to gather information about the functional use of the open space, community’s common perception of the space, accessibility and adequacy of the space and the space supporting the social affairs. Base on the findings and discussions it is understood that the space usage is dominated by household work related actives which weakness significance of the open spaces for interaction and recreation, Poor management of open space for the enhancement, activities overlapping to each other, Community perception towards open space influenced by the current limited function of the open space and Difficulties of implementing planned open space and integrating landscape design to the neighborhood plan. Therefore, the recommendations in addition with the design typology proposed address the issues that reflect the perception of condominium community in Jemo I Addis Ababa. Key words: neighborhood; open space; condominium; perception

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