Advanced Architectural Design

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A Comprehensive analysis of High-Rise Construction Costs in Addis Ababa
(Addis Ababa University, 2024-06-01) Yitref Derbie Habtemeskel; Amha Ermias (PhD)
There are various occasions when it is important to know the construction cost of high rise buildings and related cost drivers. Government offices estimate the costs of highrises for property tax purposes. Private companies like Insurances estimate costs for the base price, banks and lenders for collateral, project developer for budgeting or related uses. The construction of high-rise buildings in Ethiopia is an emerging sector with technological advancement within a short period of time. In regard, availability of adequate references about the cost and related cost drivers of high-rise buildings rare in Ethiopia in general and in Addis Ababa in particular. The number of high-rises used for analysis are 15 buildings selected with different criterion. Survey questionnaires are distributed to the purposively selected respondents to identify the cost-significant factors. The factual data of 11 high-rise buildings was collected to analyze the unit prices and assess the cost-significant factors of building high-rises. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to strengthen, integrate, and validate the results from the analysis of the factual data and survey questionnaires. Descriptive statistics were employed to analyze the survey data. The first five identified cost significant factors are the building’s height, function, electromechanical systems, ceiling types, and BMS. The study has also estimated the percentage of cost-significant items to the total construction cost and the range of unit prices per square meters. The first three identified cost-significant items that impacts the construction cost of highrise buildings are architectural, structural, and BMS works having the average percentage of 43%, 31%, and 12% respectively. Furthermore, the study has estimated the unit price to construct high-rise buildings which ranges between 33,000.00 ETB/m2 to 93,0000.00 ETB/m2 with a weighted average of 66,0000.00 ETB/m2. Keywords: High-rise buildings, Cost, Cost-estimate, Construction-cost, Estimate
Accessibility Assessment and improvement of Recreational Parks in Addis Ababa for People with Disabilites:The Case of Mobility and Visually Impaired People
(Addis ababa University, 2021-08) Wondaferew, Kalkidan; Abdulfetah, Aziza (pdf)
People with disabilities have the right to live independently and participate fully in all aspects of life. They have the right to access the physical environment and other public facilities and services open to the public on an equal basis with others. Nevertheless, due to unfavorable conditions of different natures, people with disabilities who live in Addis Ababa have a limited opportunity to access public facilities and services as equal as others. One of the public facilities that manifest this problem is the limited access to urban parks. Due to design skills or poor management issues, most of the facilities and elements in the parks are whether damaged, obstructed, or miss placed and cause disabled people to have limited access. Hence, this research paper focuses on assessing the accessibility extent of the recreational parks in Addis Ababa for people with mobility and visual impairment and also recommending possible access improvements. To achieve the main objective of the research, the accessibility level of the recreational parks, factors that affect the accessibility level of the recreational parks, and improvement practices to increase the accessibility level of recreational parks are studied. Currently, there are 19 functional parks in Addis Ababa, out of which nine recreational parks from nine sub cities, are selected to be assessed in this research using stratified and purposive sampling methods. The size of the parks and the capacity to accommodate a larger population are the techniques used as sampling and site selection methods. A survey research method with mixed qualitative and quantitative methodologies is employed. Primary data is collected from a Field observation using an accessibility compliance evaluation checklist and from a formal interview with a selected parks management representatives. Although people with disabilities cannot be found in the selected parks during the data collection period, to take their views into account, primary data has also collected from the people with disabilities using questioners. Accordingly, one hundred eighteen mobility and visually impaired people have participated in the questionnaire from the permanent members of the Ethiopian National Association of the Physically Handicapped (ENAPH) and Ethiopian National Association of the Blind (ENAB) using a clustered sampling method. From the data collected and analyzed the results show that, as measured against the international accessibility standard, the recreational parks studied have a very low accessibility level for people with disabilities. The low level of accessibility is associated with physical barriers imposed in most recreational parks. Uneven surface flooring and obstructed entrance spaces, narrow, rough, and slippery circulation pathways, Steps without an adjacent ramp, lack of curb ramps in grade changes, and absence of textural marking strip and handrails on stairs, and grade change are some of these physical barriers. Besides the physical barriers, the lack of accessibility consideration for people with disabilities when the parks are designed, inadequacy and lack of implementation of the accessibility standards and design guidelines put in the park development manuals, and lack of regular maintenance and professionally skilled officials to follow up the maintenance procedures are some of the factors that affect the accessibility of the parks. vii Thus, to improve the accessibility level of the recreational parks for people with disabilities, this study recognizes the need for improvement from simple maintenance to modifying and redesigning the inaccessible features of all the park components and infrastructures. The study also recommended responsible bodies such as architects, planners, park administrators, and management staff to play a vital role in increasing the accessibility level of the parks. Finally, a design proposal is developed in a selected case area to demonstrate the recommended access improvements.
Affordable Housing and Economic Sustainability the Case of The Poorest of the Poor Housing in Debre Markos City
(Addis Ababa University, 2022-06-01) Michael Menberu Zewudie; Elias Yitbarek (PhD)
The affordability of housing is an essential policy goal. Incorporating economic sustainability in affordable housing in the development of the poorest of the poor's housing programs has become a major concern. This paper examines the affordability and economic sustainability of the poorest of the poor affordable housing in Debre Markos city. To address this, this study uses both quantitative and qualitative methods, using questionnaire surveys, interviews, field observation, and household surveys. Households in the expanding area have lower monthly salaries than in the past, but they are satisfied with the housing quality, rental pricing, and tenure security of their dwellings, according to the data analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. Households in the intermediate zone had significantly higher incomes after moving into their new homes. Housing is not truly affordable if it is in an inaccessible place with a long commute to work, high transportation expenditures, and land use that is homogeneous. In addition, the study examines several economic sustainability performance indicators. As a result, indicators have been established to examine new housing development schemes for the poorest of the poor. intensive literature analysis and investigation into the study area yielded a preliminary list of 15 critical economically sustainable performance indicators of affordable housing for the poorest of the poor’s. The study suggested indicators for incorporating economic sustainability into the poorest of the poor affordable housing programs. The indicators suggest using mixed-use housing and neighborhoods, economic sustainability performance indicators, house location, affordable housing for the poorest of the poor women, house management and maintenance, infrastructure, and local community participation as parameters for evaluating key dimensions of the poorest of the poor affordable housing programs' economic sustainability. Key words: Affordable housing, Sustainable housing, economic sustainability
Affordable Housing And Economic Sustainability The Case of The Poorest of The Poor Housing In Debre Markos City
(Addis Ababa University, 2022-06-01) Michael Menberu Zewudie; Elias Yitbarek (PhD)
The affordability of housing is an essential policy goal. Incorporating economic sustainability in affordable housing in the development of the poorest of the poor's housing programs has become a major concern. This paper examines the affordability and economic sustainability of the poorest of the poor affordable housing in Debre Markos city. To address this, this study uses both quantitative and qualitative methods, using questionnaire surveys, interviews, field observation, and household surveys. Households in the expanding area have lower monthly salaries than in the past, but they are satisfied with the housing quality, rental pricing, and tenure security of their dwellings, according to the data analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. Households in the intermediate zone had significantly higher incomes after moving into their new homes. Housing is not truly affordable if it is in an inaccessible place with a long commute to work, high transportation expenditures, and land use that is homogeneous. In addition, the study examines several economic sustainability performance indicators. As a result, indicators have been established to examine new housing development schemes for the poorest of the poor. intensive literature analysis and investigation into the study area yielded a preliminary list of 15 critical economically sustainable performance indicators of affordable housing for the poorest of the poor’s. The study suggested indicators for incorporating economic sustainability into the poorest of the poor affordable housing programs. The indicators suggest using mixed-use housing and neighborhoods, economic sustainability performance indicators, house location, affordable housing for the poorest of the poor women, house management and maintenance, infrastructure, and local community participation as parameters for evaluating key dimensions of the poorest of the poor affordable housing programs' economic sustainability.
Analysis of Housing Affordability and the Impact of Housing Stress on tWell-Being in the Case of Selected Blocks of Yeka Abado CONDOMINIUM Addis Ababa
(Addis Ababa University, 2024-06-01) Natnael Tadesse Debele; Imam Mahmoud
Most researches indicate that despite several efforts to reduce housing demand in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, the housing price, rent, and mortgage prices are considered beyond the capacity of the many city dwellers. For this clear reason, affordable housing in all tenure types is considered unattainable in many cases of households. Some research indications seem that housing stress is affecting the well-being of citizens. This research investigates beyond the observations and through scientific analysis of housing affordability to determine the scale of housing affordability stress as well as the well-being of selected neighborhoods in Yeka Abado Condominium. To reach a considerable conclusion, the methodology employed includes housing affordability measurements (ratio methods), adequacy and compatibility questionnaires, analysis of the relationship between the housing affordability stress and well being, RAND SF-36 internationally accepted questionnaire is used. To further analyze longitudinal affordability additional interviews are employed. The main result of the study shows that housing unaffordability in all tenure types shows that an increased housing expenditure decreases well-being outcomes. Overall, 75% of the residents’ dwell in units that are unaffordable, inadequate, and incompatible with their needs. similarly, 45.7% for rental tenure, 38.5% for mortgage tenure, and 10% for ownership tenure housing stress was recorded. Based on the relationship of housing stress and well-being mental and social functioning have been affected by housing stress. The study further forwarded that the housing affordability issue is more complex than economic affordability. The paper also indicates that those different aspects of affordability affect the well-being of dwellers. economic affordability must be considered thoroughly by all target groups and tenure types (both the owner and tenant). Furthermore, existing beneficiaries of the IHDP program should get strategic relief and an alternative affordability housing ladder. Keywords: housing stress, affordable housing, well being, adequacy, compatibility
Analysis of Housing Affordability And The Impact of Housing Stress on Well-Being: In The Case Of Selected Blocks of Yeka Abado Condominium Addis Ababa.
(Addis Ababa University, 2022-06-01) Natnael Tadesse Debele; Imam Mahmoud Hassen
Most researches indicate that despite several efforts to reduce housing demand in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, the housing price, rent, and mortgage prices are considered beyond the capacity of the many city dwellers. For this clear reason, affordable housing in all tenure types is considered unattainable in many cases of households. Some research indications seem that housing stress is affecting the well-being of citizens. This research investigates beyond the observations and through scientific analysis of housing affordability to determine the scale of housing affordability stress as well as the well-being of selected neighborhoods in Yeka Abado Condominium. To reach a considerable conclusion, the methodology employed includes housing affordability measurements (ratio methods), adequacy and compatibility questionnaires, analysis of the relationship between the housing affordability stress and wellbeing, RAND SF-36 internationally accepted questionnaire is used. To further analyze longitudinal affordability additional interviews are employed. The main result of the study shows that housing unaffordability in all tenure types shows that an increased housing expenditure decreases well-being outcomes. Overall, 75% of the residents’ dwell in units that are unaffordable, inadequate, and incompatible with their needs. similarly, 45.7% for rental tenure, 38.5% for mortgage tenure, and 10% for ownership tenure housing stress was recorded. Based on the relationship of housing stress and well-being mental and social functioning have been affected by housing stress. The study further forwarded that the housing affordability issue is more complex than economic affordability. The paper also indicates that those different aspects of affordability affect the well-being of dwellers. economic affordability must be considered thoroughly by all target groups and tenure types (both the owner and tenant). Furthermore, existing beneficiaries of the IHDP program should get strategic relief and an alternative affordability housing ladder.
Architectural Intervention for Rural Farmer:Adoption of Alternative and Cost-Effective Construction Technology of Housing in ‘Wenago’ Wereda, Dilla, Southern Ethiopia
(EiABC, 2019-03) ABAYNEH ZEWDU, HANA; Fisseha, Wegayehu PHD
This thesis, which focuses on alternative construction technology in which a new type of house to provides great advantages over current rural housing alternatives. The major aims are to contribute knowledge about what type of construction technology appropriate and how to implement in rural-housing successfully. Cost effective alternative construction technology could be an appropriate option in rural areas, where human labour is a less restricted resource compared to monetary capital, and most of the materials needed are locally available. Data were collected by both primary and secondary methods.Detail observation, questioner and group discussion was used for gathering data from study area. The result implies the housing condition low standard and it also impact on other health related problem for the resident. The finding indicate that study area the household did not allow its occupants to work out their basic activities (the things people do) such as preparing their food, sleeping, eating, display the family & social interaction and shelter for the family and for their domestic animal, and the ways in which these are met, and whether one is in conflict with the other, is a measure of how appropriate the housing is for the activity or activities in question. Housing provides the scenario for family life, recreation, rest, sleep and social interaction it follows that many aspects of sample housing, such as overcrowding, noise, air pollution, bad odours or dampness, give rise to considerable dissatisfaction and annoyance and perhaps contribute to poor health. Conclusion of this thesis is that in the study area need cost effective housing, that have great potential for future rural housing in Ethiopia, to improve their living standard and reduce impact on their health status. The housing must be durable, higher-standard, low-cost housing for the rural society and contextually appropriate. Finally,the study recommended cost-effective construction technology of housing, that is satisfies the most bottom and fundamental human needs for shelter and other needs that people aspire home including psychological, social, and aesthetic needs and ultimately, need for self-actualization. It was found that highly minimized construction cost, including material and labour cost, can be saved by using the low-cost housing construction technologies for walling, slab and roofing system.
Assessing cooperative - developer partnership for Housing development The case of semay-tekes cooperative, sarbet, addis ababa, ethiopia
(Addis Ababauniversity, 2016-06) Tigabu, Amaha; _ Wegayehu, _Fisseha (PhD)
Addis Ababa as one of urbanizing cities of developing countries is facing a serious housing challenge. Currently in Addis Ababa low & middle income housing is mainly ‘addressed’ by the public funded integrated mass housing development program which is way back when compared to the scale of the problem. This study had explored a housing development alternative through cooperative-developer partnership by assessing a case, Semay-Tekes housing cooperative located in Addis Ababa, Sarbet area. The housing cooperative had developed a B+G+5 apartment building in partnership with a developer. The findings of the research revealed that the cooperativedeveloper partnership was unique win-win model where both the parties interests had been maintained, risks had been minimized and authorities had been distributed. In addition the research had identified the following main findings (1) the arrangement was an internal one between the developer and the housing cooperative not officially recognized by the government (2) there were three actors government, cooperative and developer, and (3) land and finance were the key elements of the partnership. Finally the study recommends a cooperative-developer partnership for housing development to be included in the housing strategy of the city as one important low and middle income housing development alternative to address the current housing problem in Addis Ababa. This is recommended considering the need to diversify housing development options in the city and the contextual similarity between Addis Ababa's current context and the context of the case with regard to the key elements, land & finance. The approach could be used for onsite re-housing inner city residents that are located in the renewal areas and to other low and middle income residents of the city with housing problem. Key terms: housing, housing cooperative, cooperative developer partnership for housing
Assessing the Historic Urban Character of the Streetscape of Gandhi Street (Old Churchill Avenue) Within the Context of Developmen
(Addis Ababa University, 2022-01-01) Junedin Ahmed; Ar. Tadesse Girmay
Assessing the historic urban character of the streetscape of Gandhi Street (old Churchill Avenue) within the context of development, Addis Ababa: Ethiopia This study is the Assessment of urban character of Gandhi Street (from Tewodros square to Mahmud Music Store), which is found in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The street exhibits the detailed artistic advancement and workmanship of 19th and 20th century Addis Ababa architecture. Which is known for its atheistic and landmark value in the city. The features of these streets are changing owing to urbanization and due to the new development of commercial activities. The Physical changes are mainly due to road side new developments. The Main features and characters of the streets have undergone rapid changes due to current redevelopment works. In this study, the researcher assessed the heritage urban characters and features of Gandhi Street on both sides longitudinally. The key changes takes place and the threats facing are emphasized in the final results. Which the street is gradually losing its original features because of undocumented and unguided renovations works, new construction that doesn’t fit the setting, as well as lack of maintenance and care by the owners heritage building. Because of this the city’s architecture heritage along the streets are losing its main elements gradually. The study mainly used on-site assessments, archival accounts, observation, and interviews to collect reliable data. Also a combination of streetscape photographic mapping and drawings are used to assess the heritage character and features of the street. As a result, based on the combined findings the researcher got two major recommendations. These are Streetscape Revitalization or conservation (The renewal of the physical fabric along the street and Find activities to attract tourists and other peoples), and preparing a legal guideline (to control incompatible changes on heritages). Finally the recommendation end up by showing sample streetscape revitalization and guideline.
Assessing the historic urban character of the streetscape of Gandhi Street (old Churchill Avenue) within the context of development
(Addis Ababa University, 2022-06-01) Junedin Ahmed; Tadesse Girmay
This study is the Assessment of urban character of Gandhi Street (from Tewodros square to Mahmud Music Store), which is found in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The street exhibits the detailed artistic advancement and workmanship of 19th and 20th century Addis Ababa architecture. Which is known for its atheistic and landmark value in the city. The features of these streets are changing owing to urbanization and due to the new development of commercial activities. The Physical changes are mainly due to road side new developments. The Main features and characters of the streets have undergone rapid changes due to current redevelopment works. In this study, the researcher assessed the heritage urban characters and features of Gandhi Street on both sides longitudinally. The key changes takes place and the threats facing are emphasized in the final results. Which the street is gradually losing its original features because of undocumented and unguided renovations works, new construction that doesn’t fit the setting, as well as lack of maintenance and care by the owners heritage building. Because of this the city’s architecture heritage along the streets are losing its main elements gradually. The study mainly used on-site assessments, archival accounts, observation, and interviews to collect reliable data. Also a combination of streets cape photographic mapping and drawings are used to assess the heritage character and features of the street. As a result, based on the combined findings the researcher got two major recommendations. These are Streets cape Revitalization or conservation (The renewal of the physical fabric along the street and Find activities to attract tourists and other peoples), and preparing a legal guideline (to control incompatible changes on heritages). Finally the recommendation end up by showing sample streets cape revitalization and guideline.
Assessment of Challenges of Construction Claims Handling Process: The Case of Federal Road projects
(Addis Ababa University, 2023-05-01) Kasahun Worku Lema; Wubishet Jekale Mengesha (PhD)
One of the issues a construction project might encounter is claim. Construction claim is essentially a demand made by one party to another. Claims will arise whenever a party alleges either an event has occurred or a right is denied or an obligation has not been performed that entitle a remedy to be requested. They may be classified by the related parties, rights claimed, legal basis, or characteristics of claims. Whatever the claim, the ultimate goal is to be qualified for an extension of time or/and additional payment. Studies show that public infrastructure projects have major claims and challenges. Accordingly, this paper analyses the current practice of claim handling process in federal road construction projects, challenges faced claim handling processes & the way it can be improved. The perception & experience of claim professionals involved in road construction projects was assessed via questionnaire & interview surveys and case studies were also used. Accordingly, the result showed that claim handling process in federal road projects has mainly four steps, which are identification, notification, substantiation and assessment and evaluation. There are also three main participants in a typical claim handling process involved in federal road projects; employer, contractor, and claims certifier/engineer/employer representative. Additionally, the result also revealed that many challenges faced during handling of claims. Inaccessibility of documents used to identify a claim, delay in notification claims timely were critical challenges of identification and notification process respectively. Incomplete records/report submission, unsatisfactory evidence to convince other party, poorly submission by contractor/lack of details and particulars were the top ranked challenges of substantiation and assessment process correspondingly. Developing good record keeping system, having good knowledge on terms and condition of contract document, take proactive claim management measure are ranked high by the respondents for improving the claim handling process. Furthermore, to support the survey result the research used some selected case studies and conduct in depth investigation and analysis. The finding expected to provide an important study results for client, contractor and consultant as well as professionals within the area of the study by easily identifying the core and sub-problematic areas. Key words: Construction claim, Claim handling, Federal Road Project, Contract document
Assessment of Management Options for Domestic Solid Waste in Addis Ababa (Case study of French Legasion Area
(Addis Ababauniversity, 2007-07) Tsegaye, Fitsum; Assafa, Berhanu (PhD)
In any solid waste management study information on solid waste characteristics and rate of generation is essential. One of the main constraints for proper planning and design of solid waste management in Addis Ababa is the absence of reliable and up to date study in this area. Since the lion share of the municipal solid waste (76%) is contributed from residential houses giving solution to this part will contribute much for the over all management of the municipality solid waste. The assessment of management options for domestic solid waste was done in an area called French Legasion situated in Yeka sub-city, one of the 10 sub-cities of Addis Ababa city government, with the objective of assessing the characteristics of solid waste generated at the household level and its level of impact on the environment as well as identifying sustainable management options accounting for economical, environmental feasibility and social attitudes. To get reliable data 120 households were randomly selected from the study area. A structured questionnaire was used to collect household level data on the socio-economic and daily traits. The solid waste of each household was collected, sorted and weighted for 11 consecutive days for compositional and generation rate analysis. The proximate and ultimate analysis was also undertaken in the Addis Ababa chemical engineering laboratory and in the analytical laboratory of ILRI. Statistical software called Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS 10) was used during the analysis for both the structured questionnaire and the collected solid waste data. According to the data analysis the composition of the waste was found high in food waste (55.35%) followed by ash and dirt (22.29%); the average generation rate was determined to be 196 gm/cap/day with the average density of 311 kg/m3. The correlation analysis clearly showed that the generation rate positively correlated to the socio-economic background of the households and negatively correlated to the educational background
Assessment of Spatial Impacts of the Eastern Industry Zone on the Development Pattern of the Surrounding Settlement of Dukem Town, Ethiopia
(Addis Ababa University, 2024-06-01) Haile Tadese Feyisa; Birhanu Girma ( PhD)
This study is conducted to analyze the assessment of spatial impacts of the Eastern Industry zone on the development pattern of the surrounding settlement of Dukem, Ethiopia. Dukem town is becoming an industrial hub in the Oromia region of Ethiopia due to its proximity to the capital city, Ethio-Djibouti Railway, Bole international airport, and Expressways. Those facts impact the physical settlements of the town. The east industry zone is one of the major industry spots in town. The study included both qualitative and quantitative methodologies, including spatial analysis using GIS techniques and survey methods. According to research findings, industrial park expansion has both beneficial and negative effects on the spatial settlements surrounding the industrial parks. Specifically, the factors that positively the pattern of spatial settlements around industrial parks include the area of land acquired due to the construction of industrial parks) Establishments of EIZ, investment of other industries & manufacturing, housing preference, informal access to land, and the number of neighborhoods established after the industrial park is built. Accordingly, the trend analysis of spatial settlement impacts has shown that the built-up area increased dramatically following the establishment of EIZ from 13.91 hectares (1.31%) in 2012 to 173.14 hectares (16%) in 2012, from 316.01 hectares (30 %) in 2016 to 578.23 hectares (55%) in 2018. Built-up areas consumed a significant number of other types, increasing from 13.91 hectares (1.31 percent) in 2012 to 964.16 hectares (91 percent) in 2023, while agricultural land decreased dramatically in all years, from 1,046.77 ha (65.12 percent) in 2009 to 92.38 ha (8.71 percent) in 2023, indicating its highest contribution to built-up areas. The forecast for future growth also indicated that the surrounding settlement will be covered by additional industries and dwellings. The location is already landlocked in the north and south with Bishoftu. As a result, while developing Industrial Parks, the government's anticipated future expansion should be factored into all policy and planning decisions. Keywords: Spatial Settlement, Pattern, Industrial Park Development, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Assessment on the perceived needs of condominium residents on the functional uses and values of neighborhood open spaces: the cases of Jemo one condominium site, Addis Ababa.
(Addis Ababauniversity, 2016-02) Getnet, Eyerusalem; Maru, Mulugeta
Open spaces in the neighborhood are vital aspects of urban planning and design in environmental and social dimension of living condition. In the planning and designing process of open space, identifying the community’s interest towards the open space is important to determine the functional use and value of the space to meet the society’s need. This research investigates the functional use and values of neighborhood open space and perceptions of condominium communities so as to evaluate the effectiveness of the provided open space among the neighborhood. The study focus on gathering the community perceived needs towards open space and how they would prefer it to be by taking Jemo I condominium residential site as a case study. The case study is selected because most of the residents are relocated to this condominium site from deteriorate slum settlement and residents who use a rental house from all over the country which create the social diversification in terms of age, income status, and living background. Due to this the site is selected to carryon this study. To go through this study, a descriptive methodology is followed. Representative households were selected using simple random sampling to participate on structured questionnaire for this paper. Out of the total buildings clustered with open space 10% of the buildings are selected and among those 20% of one bed room, two bed room and three bed room households are selected. Inputs data for this study were collected using interview, questionnaire and site survey techniques to gather information about the functional use of the open space, community’s common perception of the space, accessibility and adequacy of the space and the space supporting the social affairs. Base on the findings and discussions it is understood that the space usage is dominated by household work related actives which weakness significance of the open spaces for interaction and recreation, Poor management of open space for the enhancement, activities overlapping to each other, Community perception towards open space influenced by the current limited function of the open space and Difficulties of implementing planned open space and integrating landscape design to the neighborhood plan. Therefore, the recommendations in addition with the design typology proposed address the issues that reflect the perception of condominium community in Jemo I Addis Ababa. Key words: neighborhood; open space; condominium; perception
Building Information Modeling (BIM) Workflow and Technological Framework for Building Design - The Case of Ethiopian Construction Design and Supervision Works Corporation - Building and Urban Design Sector
(Addis Ababa University, 2023-10-02) Imrekib Wouhib; Meskerem Zewdie (PhD)
The construction industry plays a vital role in the development of any country, as it is responsible for constructing essential infrastructure projects that are necessary for societal and economic growth. However, the adoption of advanced technologies and workflows, such as BIM, remains relatively low in developing countries like Ethiopia. This can be attributed to various challenges, including resistance to change, high adoption costs, and the lack of government support. This study focuses on the implementation of BIM, its workflow and technological framework at the Ethiopian Construction Design and Supervision Works Corporation (ECDSWC). The objective is to study the BIM implementation on an active project within the company and develop a contextually appropriate BIM workflow and technological framework that aligns with the existing protocols at ECDSWC. The implementation and workflow of BIM encompasses areas such as training and education, data management, the technological framework, and collaboration among different departments within the organization. To investigate these aspects, a case study approach is employed, observing and analyzing the operational and technical implementation of BIM at ECDSWC. Data collection involves interviews, questionnaires, observations, and document analysis conducted with the design participants of the CoESCoEM project. The research findings highlight that the adoption of BIM at ECDSWC has resulted in significant improvements in cross-disciplinary collaboration and communication. However, challenges arose due to the demanding project timeline, notable design complexities, the absence of a well-integrated BIM workflow, and the relative inexperience of the BIM team. These factors led to errors, shortcuts, technical issues, fragmented workflows, and omissions in the final project outcomes. The study further delves into the operational and technical aspects of BIM during the design process at ECDSWC, analyzing the existing design workflow to enhance efficiency and effectiveness through the utilization of BIM. Finally, the study developed a BIM workflow and technological framework to enhance BIM implementation by integrating it within the existing workflow in a manner that suits the specific context. Ultimately, this research aims to contribute to the existing knowledge base on BIM implementation as an emerging technology in Ethiopia's AEC industry. Key Words: BIM implementation, ECDSEC, workflow
Causes and effects of Diminishing water volume in lake chelekleka, bishoftu, ethiopia and strategy for conservation
(Addis Ababauniversity, 200-06) assefa, daniel; worku, Hailu (PhD)
This study aimed to examine Causes and Effects of Diminishing Water Volume in Lake Chelekleka, Bishoftu, Ethiopia and Strategy for Conservation. To meet the objective of the research, appropriate attention were taken to investigate the land use/cover changes, field observation, interviews with officials and horticulture farmers. Hence, the results of the study Shown, extent of the land use/cover change and its effects seen on Chelekleka Lake and its Swampy areas were very dramatic. That is, majority of the forest land use/covers during the (1973-2010) in Chelekleka Lake Water Shades and its surroundings were converted to crop land, settlement, degraded bare lands, and grass lands. This land use types covers much of the southern, western, Central and eastern parts of the Chelekleka Lake Watersheds and its surroundings. Besides, notably after 1986 land use/cover change was very tremendous and exhibited decline of forest lands, shrub lands, and swampy vegetation. Hence, during 1973- 1986 deforestation and soil degradation in the Chelekleka Lake Watersheds and its surroundings was very sever, which was ultimately affected the depth of the lake. In the same period majority of the forest and shrub lands in upper water course changes to grass lands, crop lands and bare-degraded lands, i.e., markedly, degraded bare land coverage was increased because of acute increase of agricultural lands. Moreover, the land use investigation data conclude the presence of a shift in land use types, for instance, agricultural lands were converted to population settlements areas and crop lands in turn expand to shrub and uncultivable land uses. Similarly irrigated vegetations also occupied the swampy areas of Chelekleka Lake. These land use changes caused massive reduction of surface water coverage and changes its shapes from deep dark blue and compacted shapes to slant shallow and light blue color shapes. Generally study concludes, all the Chelekleka lake especially, The inner and border areas of the lake Chelekleka was dramatically changed into irrigated vegetation and grass lands and hence the dying of the lake was already starting from upper and expands to its central areas. In addition to the challenges of land use change factors like high interest of Horticulture expansion, poorly planned infrastructure developments, lack of awareness and poor attention from governments, and climate change/variability exacerbate the dying of the lake. On the basis of the study findings of the research the following recommendations forwarded undertaking appropriate resource conservation and management approaches, both the lake and its buffer zone should be demarcated and administered by concerned bodies, the silt and sedimentation filled the base of the lake should be removed, appropriately designed ditch and/or bridges to transfer the streams from upper course to the lake should be implemented. Key words: Lake Chelekleka Land use land cover change
Characteristics of Riverbank Informal Settlements In Addis Ababa the Case of Great Akaki River
(Addis Ababauniversity, 2007-10) Mekonnen, Berhanu; Berhanu, Wubshet (PhD)
Characteristics of Small Businesses in Residential Settlement of Addis Ababa - the case of Aware area
(Addis Ababauniversity, 2014-03) Alemu, Endalk; Yitbarek, Elias (PhD)
The main purpose of this study is to identify the types and characteristics of small business in residential settlements. For this, the researcher focused on spatial characteristics of the market area and socio economic characteristics of small business owners. The primary data are collected from the case study and are analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively. The secondary data collected from LDP report, magazines, brochures, books, theories, researches are discussed in the literature review. The study took Aware local market area which is located in Arada sub city, as case study to clearly understand the spatial and socio economic characteristics of small businesses in the neighborhoods of Addis Ababa. Thus the study is done by formulating filters to identify the major element in the different type’s small businesses and in depth interviews for the business owners. The main types of small businesses identified in the study area are open markets, home based businesses (HBE), rental shops and small scale enterprises (MSE). The relationship between different types of small business and the socio- economic status (Age, educational status, income status, skill status) of business owners are found to have great impact on the spatial characteristics (size, shape, construction material they use, accessibility) of small businesses and the activity of the small businesses. The main impacts identified are: the lesser the socio economic status of business owners such as: age, educational status, skill status, income per month of the business owners is the lesser the knowledge they have to develop and improve the physical status of the businesses, and vies versa, The lesser their socio economic status is the less they are efficiently performing in the business and vice versa. In addition the study also found the advantages of small businesses in residential settlements as well as on a bigger scale. The major advantages are: Income generation, employment generation, economic sustainability, gender equity, economic development, and entrepreneurship. Thus, If it is done in proper and planned manner small businesses can be a tool for creating stable income distribution between neighborhood residents. But in order to achieve this, small business owners should get the proper financial support, training support and proper space to work and insure the quality of their products and service. Key Word: - Small business
Computational Multivariable Optimization of Indoor Daylighting and Glare in Architectural Design
(A.A.U, 2021-06) Habtamu, Dagmawi; Agonafer, Mekonnen (Mr)
Buildings with daylighting problems may lead to compromised psychological and physiological wellbeing, and decreased productivity of occupants. Although there exists some research on design optimization for enhanced daylight and glare performance of buildings, most studies considered single design variable in the optimization. In this study, a computational multivariable optimization framework is developed for enhanced interior daylighting and glare performance of buildings. The proposed framework is derived considering the influence of (a) building orientation and (b) facade opening. The suitability of the proposed optimization framework is assessed through implementation on a sample office space and a selected case study building. To ensure the accuracy of the computational results, the illuminance level obtained from the simulations are compared with that of on-site measurements taken using Lux meter. The performance of the proposed framework is evaluated in terms of the acceptable values of annual sunlight exposure (ASE) and spatial daylight autonomy (sDA). For the sample office space, multiple optimized design solutions that satisfy the criteria specified by Illuminating Engineering Society (IES) and Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) are obtained using the proposed framework. The application of the framework on case study building, based on the existing facade design, has provided several optimized solutions. The solutions have resulted in a significant reduction of glare/ASE (i.e., up to 12% reduction) without significant compromise in the daylighting/sDA (i.e., 0.8% reduction). Therefore, it is concluded that the proposed framework has the potential to provide multiple design options that could achieve optimized daylight and glare performance.
Conservation of Architectural Heritage and Historic Cities in Ethiopia; Case Study the Walled City of Harar, Jugol.
(Addis Ababa University, 2018-06) Aberha, Haftamu; Giorghis, Fasil (Associate Professor); Gottert, Leslie L. (PhD)
The historic city, Jugol, is a city state with unique character where the built structures and fence wall and the uprightly urban settlement have survived from generation to generation. The main purpose of this study was to investigate conservation of architectural heritage and historic cities in Ethiopia, case study the walled city of Harar, Jugol. A qualitative method/ approach was employed to collect and analyze the data of the study. Data was collected using structured and semi structured interviews, using open and close ended questionnaire survey and field note, group discussion and document analysis. The findings of the research indicate that numerous significant heritage buildings were rehabilitated and restored employing various degrees of intervention approaches over the past few decades until the present. The intervention approach conducted in the historic city was mainly rehabilitating significant historic structures with adapting their function in to other suitable functions. It has also identified that several key governmental and foreign embassies with their diplomatic mission were financially and technically assisted restoration works particularly on the architectural heritages. The historic city and its surrounding is facing multi-faceted problems. To mention that a few, lack of restoration and improper intervention approach, Rapid population growth, unrecognized development of infrastructure takes the lion share. The architectural heritages, walls, gates, streets and open spaces are deteriorating from time to time. Finally, recommendations for rehabilitation of architectural and urban heritages, and appropriate intervention approaches are forwarded based on the findings. Key Words: Conservation, Architectural Heritage, Historic Cities, Harar, Jugol

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