Advanced Architectural Design

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Affordable Housing and Economic Sustainability the Case of The Poorest of the Poor Housing in Debre Markos City
(Addis Ababa University, 2022-06-01) Michael Menberu Zewudie; Elias Yitbarek (PhD)
The affordability of housing is an essential policy goal. Incorporating economic sustainability in affordable housing in the development of the poorest of the poor's housing programs has become a major concern. This paper examines the affordability and economic sustainability of the poorest of the poor affordable housing in Debre Markos city. To address this, this study uses both quantitative and qualitative methods, using questionnaire surveys, interviews, field observation, and household surveys. Households in the expanding area have lower monthly salaries than in the past, but they are satisfied with the housing quality, rental pricing, and tenure security of their dwellings, according to the data analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. Households in the intermediate zone had significantly higher incomes after moving into their new homes. Housing is not truly affordable if it is in an inaccessible place with a long commute to work, high transportation expenditures, and land use that is homogeneous. In addition, the study examines several economic sustainability performance indicators. As a result, indicators have been established to examine new housing development schemes for the poorest of the poor. intensive literature analysis and investigation into the study area yielded a preliminary list of 15 critical economically sustainable performance indicators of affordable housing for the poorest of the poor’s. The study suggested indicators for incorporating economic sustainability into the poorest of the poor affordable housing programs. The indicators suggest using mixed-use housing and neighborhoods, economic sustainability performance indicators, house location, affordable housing for the poorest of the poor women, house management and maintenance, infrastructure, and local community participation as parameters for evaluating key dimensions of the poorest of the poor affordable housing programs' economic sustainability. Key words: Affordable housing, Sustainable housing, economic sustainability
Assessing the historic urban character of the streetscape of Gandhi Street (old Churchill Avenue) within the context of development
(Addis Ababa University, 2022-06-01) Junedin Ahmed; Tadesse Girmay
This study is the Assessment of urban character of Gandhi Street (from Tewodros square to Mahmud Music Store), which is found in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The street exhibits the detailed artistic advancement and workmanship of 19th and 20th century Addis Ababa architecture. Which is known for its atheistic and landmark value in the city. The features of these streets are changing owing to urbanization and due to the new development of commercial activities. The Physical changes are mainly due to road side new developments. The Main features and characters of the streets have undergone rapid changes due to current redevelopment works. In this study, the researcher assessed the heritage urban characters and features of Gandhi Street on both sides longitudinally. The key changes takes place and the threats facing are emphasized in the final results. Which the street is gradually losing its original features because of undocumented and unguided renovations works, new construction that doesn’t fit the setting, as well as lack of maintenance and care by the owners heritage building. Because of this the city’s architecture heritage along the streets are losing its main elements gradually. The study mainly used on-site assessments, archival accounts, observation, and interviews to collect reliable data. Also a combination of streets cape photographic mapping and drawings are used to assess the heritage character and features of the street. As a result, based on the combined findings the researcher got two major recommendations. These are Streets cape Revitalization or conservation (The renewal of the physical fabric along the street and Find activities to attract tourists and other peoples), and preparing a legal guideline (to control incompatible changes on heritages). Finally the recommendation end up by showing sample streets cape revitalization and guideline.
Designation of Architectural Heritage for Sustainable Conservation of old Towns In Ethiopia: the Case of Enda Medhane Alem area adwa, Tigray
(Addis Ababa University, 2022-04-01) Hewan Goitom Berhane; Fasil Giorghis
The objective of this research is to study Adwa’s old town Enda Medhane Alem area architectural heritage and sustainable conservation approaches; specifically Answering two questions of ‘what is the architectural heritage value of Enda Medhane Alem area?’ and ‘what are the approaches to sustainably conserve the area?’ In the twenty-first century era of globalization, cities are progressively competing with one another both nationally and internationally. Modernization forces cities in to similarity in terms of finance, information technology and most importantly in patterns of urban development, and architecture. Urban and architectural heritage is the main aspect which always differentiates them. Adwa with a potential to provide us with an insight into the 17th century Ethiopiantown is currently under threat of massive urban renewal and modernization. Based on a multidimensional analysis of the heritage value the thesis identifies approaches for better benefits obtained in the development process. Critical review of the representative sampled buildings, encourages viability of the proposed recommendation. The thesis concludes; connecting cultural heritage with environmental, social and economic sustainability critically aware of the heritage value and impact of adaptive re-use. Approaches with the intent to safeguard cultural heritage and alternative heritage friendly economic endeavors are needed in order to sustain the pressure from economic interests surrounding the case area. The study extends to recommending benefits using cultural heritage as an asset in tourism development resulting in economic revitalization. The work is based on a theoretical overview of international conventions relevant to architectural heritage and best practice to cultural heritage with respect to influences of change and development. Key Words: Architectural Heritage and Sustainable Conservation
Density and functional Mix In the Inner-City Kebele Housing: the Case of Kebele 02 In Woreda 01 Lideta Sub-City, Addis Ababa
(Addis Ababa University, 2022-06-01) Sisay Sulamo; Elias Yitbarek (Associate Professor)
Addis Ababa’s Primacy is high and the city is faced with fast demographic growth and sprawl. Accommodating the increasing population is becoming the new task and horizontal expansion is not possible. So the City’s administration has planned to follow compact city policies and intends to further densify existing inner-city neighborhoods’ especially near the transit line. This research tries to describe in detail the density and functional mix of the study area using multiple measures at neighborhood, compound, and housing unit levels. And it also explores different ways to bring a compact form for KHU dwellers. This descriptive and inferential research employs mainly the Survey of 234 housing units using a stratified sampling method. This was also supported by 32 qualitative interviews, an Observational study, focus group discussion, and secondary data analysis. And in the analysis, the thesis uses descriptive and statistical analysis supported by quantitative computations of correlation analysis. The results of the study reveal that the compounds with kebele housing units and the Kebele houses are the main reasons for the area to have a higher level of density in all measures when compared to average city density. According to a mix of functions, the area has a higher value in landuse diversity and mixedness indexes; a low level of intensity; a higher level of efficiency; and functional incompatibility. Also the transformation of housing has influenced the density and mix of function much. The research finally stresses the need for multiple measures in both aspects that allow the construction of models and detailed descriptions to understand the urban form. It also recommends choosing a more appropriate type of measure that is fit for the context of the area. Then recommends considering all factors that influence the density and mix of functions to attain the claimed results of development. And based on the form it recommends providing housing forms, especially for the existing dwellers that enable them to transform their unit for their subsequent family or for renting.
Density and functional Mix In the Inner-City Kebele Housing: the Case of Kebele 02 In Woreda 01 Lideta Sub-City, Addis Ababa
(Addis Ababa University, 2022-06-01) Sisay Sulamo; Elias Yitbarek (Associate Professor)
Addis Ababa’s Primacy is high and the city is faced with fast demographic growth and sprawl. Accommodating the increasing population is becoming the new task and horizontal expansion is not possible. So the City’s administration has planned to follow compact city policies and intends to further densify existing inner-city neighborhoods’ especially near the transit line. This research tries to describe in detail the density and functional mix of the study area using multiple measures at neighborhood, compound, and housing unit levels. And it also explores different ways to bring a compact form for KHU dwellers. This descriptive and inferential research employs mainly the Survey of 234 housing units using a stratified sampling method. This was also supported by 32 qualitative interviews, an Observational study, focus group discussion, and secondary data analysis. And in the analysis, the thesis uses descriptive and statistical analysis supported by quantitative computations of correlation analysis. The results of the study reveal that the compounds with kebele housing units and the Kebele houses are the main reasons for the area to have a higher level of density in all measures when compared to average city density. According to a mix of functions, the area has a higher value in landuse diversity and mixedness indexes; a low level of intensity; a higher level of efficiency; and functiona incompatibility. Also the transformation of housing has influenced the density and mix of function much. The research finally stresses the need for multiple measures in both aspects that allow the construction of models and detailed descriptions to understand the urban form. It also recommends choosing a more appropriate type of measure that is fit for the context of the area. Then recommends considering all factors that influence the density and mix of functions to attain the claimed results of development. And based on the form it recommends providing housing forms, especially for the existing dwellers that enable them to transform their unit for their subsequent family or for renting.
Indoor air Pollution: Pragmatic Smoke Mitigating Interventions for Reducing Co and Pm2.5 In Traditional Tukul Houses the Case of Butajira area
(Addis Ababa University, 2023-06-01) Dagmawit Kidane Belihu; Denamo Addissie(Associate Professor)
A considerable number of people are residing in substandard spaces that fall below the WHO recommended air quality limits which includes exposure to indoor air pollution. The wide use of solid biomass coupled with indoor cooking are major contributing factors for high concentration of indoor air pollutants in Ethiopia. Over 95% of the Ethiopian population relies on solid biomass for household energy consumption and majority of them reside in rural vernacular houses where multiple functional spaces are overlapped in a single space. The lack of ventilation in these spaces and the amount of time spent indoors from cooking to sleeping etc. makes the occupants vulnerable to multiple health problems. The common health problems in the study area are recognized as side effects of prolonged exposure to indoor air pollutants. This research investigates the relationship between indoor air pollution in rural tukul houses and architectural modifications that can decrease selected indoor air pollutant concentrations in Butajira, Southern part of Ethiopia. The aim was to measure the 24hr PM2.5 and CO concentrations, study the architectural features of the tukuls and experiment with ventilation by providing multiple openings and altering the interior layout to study the indoor air pollution level reduction. A controlled experimental study was conducted in three selected households. The experiment had four phases where the first one measured the initial pollutant concentration levels, the second one introduced a window in the south-west orientation, the third one provided a second opening to control the air path and the final phase altered the location of the cook stove to achieve maximum efficiency. The results of the experiment confirmed the current pollutant concentrations profoundly exceed ideal WHO limits. The lowest before intervention CO concentrations were over two times higher than homes without indoor cooking and WHO recommended limits. Similarly, the lowest initial PM2.5 limits were 13 times higher than the maximum WHO limits. In two of the study houses the intervention successfully decreased both CO and PM2.5 concentrations. The best results were recorded in the fourth phase where PM2.5 dropped by 49.6% and CO showed an 87.6% decrease. The combined intervention where both openings and interior layout were altered showed the most positive results. In one study house the impact of context, activity pattern and existing architectural elements resulted in increased measurements. It was concluded that the contextual influence at an urban scale, interior layout/partition, cooking pattern and complete detachment of cooking spaces have the best potential for improving indoor air quality in existing tukul houses. Keywords: Indoor air Pollution, Ventilation, Opening Design, Controlled Experiment, Tukul Houses
the Expansion of Informal Settlements In Industrializing Cities In Ethiopia the Case of Hawassa
(Addis Ababa University, 2023-06-01) Enanu Girma Melka; Wubshet Berhanu (PhD)
The introduction of industrial parks in Ethiopian cities is one of the major changes currently made. There are twelve IPs working on different sectors. Hawassa IP is one of them and it focuses on textiles. The major objective of this study is to understand the expansion of informal settlements due to industrialization (development of IPs). Both primary and secondary data sources were used. Literatures, key informants, interviews and questioners were among the main data collection instruments used to examine and show the development of informal settlements due to urbanization/industrialization in the country and the city of Hawassa particularly. Officials from Industrial Parks Development Corporation, workers from Hawassa city land administration, land brokers, kebele officials and key informants have responded to the interview questions .House owners at the selected sites and laborers who work at HIP participated in the questionnaire. Data were interpreted through organizing, analysis, numerating and interpreting. The interview data was organized by grouping answers together across respondents. The questionnaire data were compared and tabulated in frequency tables and charts and supported by explanations. The findings of the study indicated that informal land transaction is a common practice on the peripheries of the city of Hawassa .Peri urban areas provide the opportunity to low class population to own land through informal land transaction. The study also found out that there is a significant migration of people to the city in search of job opportunity at HIP. As a result peripheries are home for thousands of laborers that work at HIP since they provide affordable rental rooms. Though informal land transaction is practiced at all the Peripheries even before the development of HIP, the emergence of HIP has contributed to the practice and the periphery close to the HIP is more exposed to informal land transaction. Based on the findings of the study, the author recommends to the Government (City land administration) and to the IPDC/HIP that Government should supply land with a minimum cost and at maximum speed. The community need to be informed about formal land development practices and need to have a clear understanding of the consequences at city level of informal changes that come with the development of informal settlements. IPDC need to engage in several projects to provide affordable houses/rooms for laborers so as to have a motivated workforce and remain competitive in the industry. Key :word Industrial park, Hawassa Industrial Park, informal settlement, peri-urban areas
the Conservation Status and Challnges of Genetemaryam Rock Hewn Church, North Wollo
(Addis Ababa University, 2022-06-01) Moges Tefera; Tadesse Girmay
Genetemaryam is endowed with rock-cut church embodying architectural significance. However, this priceless cultural Heritages is frequently confronted with different threats. It is increasingly deteriorating and threatened by a host of both natural and anthropogenic factors. This will result in loss of the authenticity and beauty. The church is subjected to different problems such as cracking, degradation and breaking that badly affected its values. This church was carved in the late 13th century. Since then, it has been exposed to wind, rain and thermal changes as well as to the impact of human activities. This has resulted in severe degradation of the church which is considered to be in a critical condition. It is also evident that all the identify phenomena and related causes are strictly connected each other and they mutually contribute to the amplification of some degradation effect. Identifying the nature and scale of destructive forces helps to determine intervention methods. It also enables to take measures before it results in total loss of the heritage. This paper is designed with the objective of assessing the untapped potential and existing problems of this cultural heritage. Finally the study concluded with some of the conservation measures which should be undertaken to solve the problems in this church
the Case of Rental Houses Developed By Loza and Birhanu Construction Plc,ayer Tena, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
(Addis Ababa University, 2022-04-01) Biruk Dereje Terefe; Imam Mahmoud Hassen
The housing delivery mechanism in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia is very few and one of the delivery options is rental housing. But only the public rental housing and kebele houses are considered as an option and neglects the private rental housing for decades, the sector rental housing cover more than 55 % including both public and private rental housing stock. From the 55% of rental housing 37% is the share of private rental housing sector that means more than the half of the market. but the government didn’t consider the sector as a significant option for housing development and focused only policies which promote home ownership led by government which is unrealistic and un affordable means of housing delivery. This study examined and assessed private rental housing developer as a viable option for housing development and search the potentials and limitation for developing the sector as one of housing delivery strategies for the future. And it focuses on private rental housing developer and houses constructed by Loza and Birhanu Construction plc. The research used case study method for in depth analysis of the sector; the cases are selected only houses constructed by LBC. Plc. And the data were collected using questionnaires, interview, and analysis of documents and related literatures. The end result and findings revealed that private rental housing sector has a positive impact on the housing delivery mechanisms. Furthermore, private rental housing provision strategies needs a policy support by government and appropriate revision on the housing delivery approaches including some policy instruments focused on rental houses developed by private sector. Key words: Rental housing, private rental housing, private rental houses developers, rental housing policy instruments, Addis Ababa.
Analysis of Housing Affordability and the Impact of Housing Stress on tWell-Being in the Case of Selected Blocks of Yeka Abado CONDOMINIUM Addis Ababa
(Addis Ababa University, 2024-06-01) Natnael Tadesse Debele; Imam Mahmoud
Most researches indicate that despite several efforts to reduce housing demand in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, the housing price, rent, and mortgage prices are considered beyond the capacity of the many city dwellers. For this clear reason, affordable housing in all tenure types is considered unattainable in many cases of households. Some research indications seem that housing stress is affecting the well-being of citizens. This research investigates beyond the observations and through scientific analysis of housing affordability to determine the scale of housing affordability stress as well as the well-being of selected neighborhoods in Yeka Abado Condominium. To reach a considerable conclusion, the methodology employed includes housing affordability measurements (ratio methods), adequacy and compatibility questionnaires, analysis of the relationship between the housing affordability stress and well being, RAND SF-36 internationally accepted questionnaire is used. To further analyze longitudinal affordability additional interviews are employed. The main result of the study shows that housing unaffordability in all tenure types shows that an increased housing expenditure decreases well-being outcomes. Overall, 75% of the residents’ dwell in units that are unaffordable, inadequate, and incompatible with their needs. similarly, 45.7% for rental tenure, 38.5% for mortgage tenure, and 10% for ownership tenure housing stress was recorded. Based on the relationship of housing stress and well-being mental and social functioning have been affected by housing stress. The study further forwarded that the housing affordability issue is more complex than economic affordability. The paper also indicates that those different aspects of affordability affect the well-being of dwellers. economic affordability must be considered thoroughly by all target groups and tenure types (both the owner and tenant). Furthermore, existing beneficiaries of the IHDP program should get strategic relief and an alternative affordability housing ladder. Keywords: housing stress, affordable housing, well being, adequacy, compatibility
A Comprehensive analysis of High-Rise Construction Costs in Addis Ababa
(Addis Ababa University, 2024-06-01) Yitref Derbie Habtemeskel; Amha Ermias (PhD)
There are various occasions when it is important to know the construction cost of high rise buildings and related cost drivers. Government offices estimate the costs of highrises for property tax purposes. Private companies like Insurances estimate costs for the base price, banks and lenders for collateral, project developer for budgeting or related uses. The construction of high-rise buildings in Ethiopia is an emerging sector with technological advancement within a short period of time. In regard, availability of adequate references about the cost and related cost drivers of high-rise buildings rare in Ethiopia in general and in Addis Ababa in particular. The number of high-rises used for analysis are 15 buildings selected with different criterion. Survey questionnaires are distributed to the purposively selected respondents to identify the cost-significant factors. The factual data of 11 high-rise buildings was collected to analyze the unit prices and assess the cost-significant factors of building high-rises. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to strengthen, integrate, and validate the results from the analysis of the factual data and survey questionnaires. Descriptive statistics were employed to analyze the survey data. The first five identified cost significant factors are the building’s height, function, electromechanical systems, ceiling types, and BMS. The study has also estimated the percentage of cost-significant items to the total construction cost and the range of unit prices per square meters. The first three identified cost-significant items that impacts the construction cost of highrise buildings are architectural, structural, and BMS works having the average percentage of 43%, 31%, and 12% respectively. Furthermore, the study has estimated the unit price to construct high-rise buildings which ranges between 33,000.00 ETB/m2 to 93,0000.00 ETB/m2 with a weighted average of 66,0000.00 ETB/m2. Keywords: High-rise buildings, Cost, Cost-estimate, Construction-cost, Estimate
Assessment of Spatial Impacts of the Eastern Industry Zone on the Development Pattern of the Surrounding Settlement of Dukem Town, Ethiopia
(Addis Ababa University, 2024-06-01) Haile Tadese Feyisa; Birhanu Girma ( PhD)
This study is conducted to analyze the assessment of spatial impacts of the Eastern Industry zone on the development pattern of the surrounding settlement of Dukem, Ethiopia. Dukem town is becoming an industrial hub in the Oromia region of Ethiopia due to its proximity to the capital city, Ethio-Djibouti Railway, Bole international airport, and Expressways. Those facts impact the physical settlements of the town. The east industry zone is one of the major industry spots in town. The study included both qualitative and quantitative methodologies, including spatial analysis using GIS techniques and survey methods. According to research findings, industrial park expansion has both beneficial and negative effects on the spatial settlements surrounding the industrial parks. Specifically, the factors that positively the pattern of spatial settlements around industrial parks include the area of land acquired due to the construction of industrial parks) Establishments of EIZ, investment of other industries & manufacturing, housing preference, informal access to land, and the number of neighborhoods established after the industrial park is built. Accordingly, the trend analysis of spatial settlement impacts has shown that the built-up area increased dramatically following the establishment of EIZ from 13.91 hectares (1.31%) in 2012 to 173.14 hectares (16%) in 2012, from 316.01 hectares (30 %) in 2016 to 578.23 hectares (55%) in 2018. Built-up areas consumed a significant number of other types, increasing from 13.91 hectares (1.31 percent) in 2012 to 964.16 hectares (91 percent) in 2023, while agricultural land decreased dramatically in all years, from 1,046.77 ha (65.12 percent) in 2009 to 92.38 ha (8.71 percent) in 2023, indicating its highest contribution to built-up areas. The forecast for future growth also indicated that the surrounding settlement will be covered by additional industries and dwellings. The location is already landlocked in the north and south with Bishoftu. As a result, while developing Industrial Parks, the government's anticipated future expansion should be factored into all policy and planning decisions. Keywords: Spatial Settlement, Pattern, Industrial Park Development, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
The Impact of Geometry on the Construction of Buildings and its Interplay With Computational Design and Digital Fabrication
(Addis Ababa University, 2024-02-01) Eyob Alene; Asgedom Haile (PhD)
This thesis looked at the Impact of geometry on the construction of buildings and its interplay with computational design, digital fabrication and presence of specialized professionals in the AEC industry of Addis Ababa. It mainly focused on high-rise and all buildings of the city. For the two focus areas two different research methods were applied to answer the research question of the study accordingly. The first research method was an intensive building analysis based on 24 building parameters to identify the impact of geometry on the construction method and material of buildings, 40 high-rise buildings were deeply studied based on the parameters. The second research method was mainly based on a systematic questionier survey to identify the impact of geometry on the construction method and material of the entire buildings of the city. Besides the second method was used for realization of the level of the AEC industry in using advanced design and construction approaches and tools in deciding the architectural geometry and construction of all buildings of the city. The questionier survey was applied on 102 design and engineering firms. The main parts of buildings in which the research was focused on are the three major parts of a building, when combined they make a perfect geometrical solid, as a geometric solid is a combination of three surfaces to make a 3D volumetric object these are the base, vertical and overhead surfaces. Here in this thesis the base surface is the floor or slab of a building, the vertical surface is the façade of a building and the overhead top surface is the roof of a building. SPSS, STATA and advanced programing tools such as R-studio was used as a tool to make statistical analysis of data in a scientific manner. The former tools were used for descriptive statistics, correlations and multinomial regression model tests and the later tool was used to run complex multinomial logistic regression tests for datas which needs high performance statistical tools. Overall this thesis results a deeper understanding of the substantial role that geometry plays in determining construction practices and materials in the AEC industry. Through a comprehensive building analysis method, the research identified how geometric design choices influence the construction of high-rise buildings under method type one approach of the research. The findings provide a valuable knowledge in understanding the relation between building design and construction. Further, on method type two study approach, the thesis deeply explored the interplay of geometry with construction and identified the impact of computational design, digital fabrication and presence of specialized professionals on the geometry of our buildings to know how much our firm are applying such advanced design and construction approaches in the AEC industry or how much the geometry of the buildings is driven by advanced design and construction tools, approaches and professionals. Key words – Geometry, Construction, Computational design, digital fabrication, specialized professionals
Wind-Based Energy-Plus Aerodynamic Building Design for the City of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
(Addis Ababa University, 2023-05-01) Kiflemariam Getaneh Bisetegn; Tibebu Assefa (Associate Professor)
Alternative energy is becoming increasingly important in today's society since it is less detrimental and damaging to the environment than fossil fuels. Wind energy, a viable renewable energy source in Ethiopia, has great potential, but its utilization in Addis Ababa's buildings is restricted, and the present in frastructure is failing to satisfy rising electrical demand owing to frequent outages and significant power distribution losses. This paper presents a study on the design of energy-plus aerodynamic buildings in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The objectives of the study were to: (1) identify potential sites for wind-based energy-plus buildings; (2) carve out the form of buildings responding to wind energy harvesting; and (3) design aerodynamic buildings. The study utilized primary and secondary data from various sources, including NASA, Map Server Ethiopia, EnergyPlus, the USGS Satellite Map, and the Global Wind Atlas. The GIS-based MCDM method is used to locate wind energy sites, while software-based CFD simulation optimizes the aerodynamic form of buildings for wind-based wind energy harvesting. Addis Ababa city has 80% potential for wind energy harvesting, with high wind speed areas, including the project site located in the main city center, suitable for wind-based energy-plus buildings. In this study, the wind-based energy-plus aerodynamic was designed to minimize drag and maximize lift, resulting in a significant reduction in energy consumption and maximization of wind energy harvesting. Finally, the optimized aerodynamic building form reduces wind force by 27.64% and can generate 2,776.65 MW per year by integrating small-scale wind turbines, demonstrating its potential for wind energy integration. This study contributes to showcase Addis Ababa's transition towards renewable energy by identifying potential energy sources in built environments and designing high-rise buildings with wind-based power generation concepts. Keywords: Form Optimization, Aerodynamics, Wind Energy, Multi-Criteria Decision Making
Urban Heritage And City Development In Addis Ababa: Creating Mutual Ground Between The Socio-Cultural Value And Economic Growth Of The City In The Case Of Leghare Are
(Addis Ababa University, 2022-05-01) Eden Fikrmariam; Tadesse Girmay
Conservation of urban heritage is a ‘value’ based approach and scholars in thefields of conservation and developers have been aware of such values including thesocio-cultural as well as economic values. The objective of this paper is to study theurban heritage located in the center of Addis Ababa, specifically in Leghare area that has become the subject of intervention due to the values of the place. It specifically aims at the change, propose a tool for assessing and mitigating these changes and achieve a common ground where the development of the city won’t affect the existence of urban heritage and where the conservation of such places contributes to the growth of the city. The general methodology used for this research is a case study method focusing on pattern matching and triangulation techniques. It employes the assessment of change by analyzing the Heritage value and relies on the interrelation between intervention approaches of the socio-cultural and economic values of heritage places using primary and secondary data sources. The primary data is collected by direct observation and interviewing and the secondary data is extracted from different published documents, archival records, photographs, written reports on events and formal studies. Based on the data gathered and analysed this paper finds that the urban heritage of Leghare is faced with destructive intervention and is subjected to deterioration in need of immediate conservation and integration measures. Based on the findings, the paper concludes that, there is a strong mutualism between the sociocultural values of urban heritage and the development of urban places in the city.Therefore, it is recommended to provide a participatory approach between conserving the core urban heritage values for the sustainable socio-cultural and economic development of the city. keyword: Coservation, Urban Heritage, Heritage Vaiues,Intervention, city development
the Case of Rental Houses Developed By Loza and Birhanu Construction Plc, Ayer Tena, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
(Addis Ababa University, 2023-04-01) Biruk Dereje Terefe; Imam Mahmoud Hassen
The housing delivery mechanism in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia is very few and one of the delivery options is rental housing. But only the public rental housing and kebele houses are considered as an option and neglects the private rental housing for decades, the sector rental housing cover more than 55 % including both public and private rental housing stock. From the 55% of rental housing 37% is the share of private rental housing sector that means more than the half of the market. but the government didn’t consider the sector as a significant option for housing development and focused only policies which promote home ownership led by government which is unrealistic and un affordable means of housing delivery. This study examined and assessed private rental housing developer as a viable option for housing development and search the potentials and limitation for developing the sector as one of housing delivery strategies for the future. And it focuses on private rental housing developer and houses constructed byLoza and Birhanu Construction plc. The research used case study method for in depth analysis of the sector; the cases are selected only houses constructed by LBC. Plc. And the data were collected using questionnaires, interview, and analysis of documents and related literatures. The end result and findings revealed that private rental housing sector has a positive impact on the housing delivery mechanisms. Furthermore, private rental housing provision strategies needs a policy support by government and appropriate revision on the housing delivery approaches including some policy instruments focused on rental houses developed by private sector. Key words: Rental housing, private rental housing, private rental houses developers, rental housing policy instruments, Addis Ababa.
Utilization of Neighborhood Parks for Social Interaction and Recreation: The Case Of Kolfe Keranyo Sub City, Woreda 7, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
(Addis ababa University, 2022-06-01) Feben Kassahun Nigat; Kumelachew Yeshitela (Professor)
Neighborhood parks are located in residential areas throughout the city. Their existence is extremely important. They are an essential component of a thriving, healthy city. They continue to play an important role in building infrastructure for cities – which is essential for creating healthy lifestyles, enhancing the values of urban settings, and providing dynamic and attractive recreation opportunities for citizens. However, from a preliminary study, the existing open spaces expected to serve as a Neighborhood Park are not serving as targets. The main objective of the research is to identify the challenges in the utilization of the Neighborhood Parks and to come up with a recommendation, design, and implementation manual for the utilization of the parks for social interaction and recreation. This research used both qualitative and quantitative data as a methodology. The sample size was calculated using a Raosoft sample size calculator software. The neighborhood parks were classified into three strata and a random sampling method was used to pick samples from each stratum. The data was collected by Observation, questionnaire, interview, focused group discussion, and literature review. The cluster analysis method was used to analyze qualitative data, narrative analysis was used to narrate field level observation while statical analysis method for the quantitative data. The result suggested that most of the community is not using neighborhood parks. The community has mentioned their reason for park nonuse. On this basis, Neighborhood parks can be activated for social interaction and recreation by fulfilling the need of the community. Keywords: Neighborhood, Neighborhood Parks, Parks, Social interaction, Recreation
Integration of Flexible Water Infrastructure With Local Building Systems for Emerging Small Towns of Ethiopia. The Case Of Dannisagorotown, Ginchi
(Addis Ababa University, 2020-12-01) Bilisaf teferri taressa; Tesfaye Hailu (PhD)
The recent rapid urbanization and boom of building construction in Ethiopia has out paced provision of water and sanitation infrastructure creating unsuitable working and living conditions in buildings. The general objective of the study is integration of flexible water infrastructure in local building systems to improve the standard of buildings and the livability in the emerging small towns of Ethiopia by taking Danissa Goro town as a case study area to design and demonstrate. The study area is located in Eastern Showa Zone, Oromia regional state, 125km from the city of Addis Ababa. The study investigates thenegative impact of absence of water and sanitation infrastructure on housing developments, identify methods of integrating flexible water and sanitation infrastructure with local building system and assess feasibility of integrating flexible water harvesting and utilization infrastructure to the local building systems. Primary and secondary data collection methods are applied to collect quantitative and qualitative data and applied stratified interviews with 45 participants.The result of the study shows that underutilization of water sources, the absence ofwater infrastructure and sanitation infrastructure has a direct correlation to low quality of life, and degradation of buildings systems. Decentralized and flexible water systems are not technically complicated to integrate in local building system. Finally, the research concludes that integrating of rainwater harvesting, water conservation and wastewater disposal systems into the existing local buildings will improve the quality of life of dwellers in the emerging small towns of Ethiopia. Besides, planning anddesign regulations have to integrate optional spatial standard for integration of flexible waterinfrastructure systems as a precondition for the future development of small towns in Ethiopia. Keywords: Rapid urbanization, water harvesting, sanitation, decentralization & urban water syste
Assessment of Challenges of Construction Claims Handling Process: The Case of Federal Road projects
(Addis Ababa University, 2023-05-01) Kasahun Worku Lema; Wubishet Jekale Mengesha (PhD)
One of the issues a construction project might encounter is claim. Construction claim is essentially a demand made by one party to another. Claims will arise whenever a party alleges either an event has occurred or a right is denied or an obligation has not been performed that entitle a remedy to be requested. They may be classified by the related parties, rights claimed, legal basis, or characteristics of claims. Whatever the claim, the ultimate goal is to be qualified for an extension of time or/and additional payment. Studies show that public infrastructure projects have major claims and challenges. Accordingly, this paper analyses the current practice of claim handling process in federal road construction projects, challenges faced claim handling processes & the way it can be improved. The perception & experience of claim professionals involved in road construction projects was assessed via questionnaire & interview surveys and case studies were also used. Accordingly, the result showed that claim handling process in federal road projects has mainly four steps, which are identification, notification, substantiation and assessment and evaluation. There are also three main participants in a typical claim handling process involved in federal road projects; employer, contractor, and claims certifier/engineer/employer representative. Additionally, the result also revealed that many challenges faced during handling of claims. Inaccessibility of documents used to identify a claim, delay in notification claims timely were critical challenges of identification and notification process respectively. Incomplete records/report submission, unsatisfactory evidence to convince other party, poorly submission by contractor/lack of details and particulars were the top ranked challenges of substantiation and assessment process correspondingly. Developing good record keeping system, having good knowledge on terms and condition of contract document, take proactive claim management measure are ranked high by the respondents for improving the claim handling process. Furthermore, to support the survey result the research used some selected case studies and conduct in depth investigation and analysis. The finding expected to provide an important study results for client, contractor and consultant as well as professionals within the area of the study by easily identifying the core and sub-problematic areas. Key words: Construction claim, Claim handling, Federal Road Project, Contract document
Street Crossing Infrastructure for the People With Disability In Addis Ababa: The Case of Visually Impaired Persons
(Addis Ababa University, 2021-12-01) Hana Bulto Dida; Dagnachew Adugna (PhD)
Street crossing is the most common infrastructural issue worldwide for disability as it is the basic space and needs treatment to fully function particularly for visually impaired people. In the case of developing countries, the street crossing barriers are numerous; that the disable person needs the special consideration in every design and construction of engineering structure. Therefore, the increased risks of the visually impaired persons were multi-factorial events in both their causes and outcomes. The objectives of this thesis are identifying the major barriers occurred on visually impaired persons while crossing the streets, identify and map the major street crossing problematic areas for the visually impaired persons, investigate the major problems linked with poor street crossings for the visually impaired persons. The research aims to give a resource for the researcher‘s as primary information for further investigation about the problem. Most important element of problem analysis was to evaluate the street crossing problems for disables versus street infrastructure in Addis Ababa City. This research was, therefore, an attempt to address these issues and to require a systematic analysis to evolve possible solutions and their counter measures to solve the problem. The research methods which were employed in this study includes survey, historical analysis, case studies etc. and use the research case study for the qualitative approach as a strategy for these proposals. The findings of the study reveal on the major squares of Ethiopia the problems that the visually impaired persons face was very high due to the high population density, cars, street furniture, street signals, vegetation, and the design and construction materials used. To minimize the problems on the visual and visually impaired person the well corporation of the street furniture and designing the street crossing tunnel and bridge were needed by taking the design philosophy from the well designed and developed city of the world.

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