Browsing by Author "Tsegaye, Aster (MSc, PhD)"

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    Assessment of Blood Transfusion Utilization , Patient Outcome andassociated factors at St. Paul Hospital Millennium Medical College Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
    (Addis Abeba University, 2021-05) Abebe, Assefa; Tsegaye, Aster (MSc, PhD); Hagos, Afework (MD, Hematologist); Negash, Mikiyas(MSc, PhD candidate)
    Background: Assessment of blood utilization is an important way to minimize unnecessary use of blood and blood components for transfusions so as to effectively manage such scarce resources. However, in Ethiopia the regular assessment of transfusion practice is not performed consistently. Regular audits are necessary to ensure blood and blood products are appropriate and clinical. Objective: To assess blood transfusion utilization , patient outcome and assocaited factors from july 2020 to september 2020 at St, Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College. Methods: the utilization of blood, patient outcomes and associated factors were assessed in this Hospital based cross sectional study at St. Paul Hospital Millennium Medical College from July to September 2020. A standardized data extraction checklist was used to extract data from patient file and from blood bank log book. Transfusion indices werecalculated. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 23. Dependent variable frequencies, percentage, mean and range were calculated. The association between patient improvement and independent variables was examined using bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis. P-value less than 0.05 were considered as statistically significant and Odds ratios with 95% confidence interval were used to determine strength of the association. Result: A total of 352 participants were included in the study. The majority of the patients were female 218 (61.9%). The median and interquartile range [IQR] age of study participant was 30 [20-43] years. For 352 study subjects, 1060 unit of blood components were transfused with the mean of 3.01units per patient. From 1242 cross matched units, 85.3% wereutilized, the rest 14.7% were returned to laboratory stock.Anemia was the commonest indication for transfusion and concentrated red cell was the major component transfused. The study revealed the number of units cross matched/transfused (C|T) ratio of 1.17, Transfusion probability (%T) of 61.3%, and Transfusion index (TI) of 1.84. Only 177(50.3%) of the patients showed improvement. Patients in the age group 1 to 10 years were more than 6 times more likely to improve than those aged under one year’sAOR and 95% CI =6.037[1.205-30.251], p=0.029. Conclusion: The study demonstrated an encouraging rate of transfusion utilization in which 85.3% of cross matched blood is utilized. Transfusion indices,C/T, %T and TI, values were within the acceptable standard. The high rate of non-improvement warrants further investigation.
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    Assessment of Effect of Helicobacter Pylori and Helminths Infection on Anemia with Emphasis on Ferritin Level of School Children in Batu Town, Oromia Region, Ethiopia, 2019
    (Addis Abeba University, 2021-05) Tesfaye, Raji; Tsegaye, Aster (MSc, PhD); Taye, Bineyam(MPH, PhD)
    Background: In infants and young children, severe chronic anemia may lead to delayed growth and long term effects on neurodevelopment and behaviour. The main causes of anemia are: dietary iron deficiency; infectious diseases, deficiencies of other key micronutrients or inherited conditions that affect red blood cells (RBCs). Iron deficiency accounts for about 50% of all cases of anemia which results in iron deficiency anemia (IDA). According to the Demography Health Survey, the prevalence of anemia among Ethiopian children under the age of 15 is estimated to be about 24%, classifying it as a moderate public health problem as identified by WHO. Objective: To investigate the effect of Helicobacter pylori and Helminths infection on anemia with emphasis on ferritin level of school children in Batu town, Oromia Region, Ethiopia. Methods: A comparative study was conducted on 161 primary school children aged 4-14 years. Serum samples were collected for serum ferritin level measurement using Beckman Coulter chemistry analyzer. Secondary data on haemoglobin and RBC indices were extracted using format. SPSS version 21 was used to enter and analyze data. Statistical significance was determined between the groups using an independent t-test and a non-parametric Mann-WhitneyU test with a P value less than 0.05. Results: A total of 161 samples were analyzed in this study, with 77 (47.8%) of them being males. Of them, 109 (67.7%) were in the cases group, while 52 (32.3%) were negative for both H. pylori and helminths. There was no statistically significant difference in serum ferritin levels between H. pylori stool antigen positive or H. pylori antibody positive children compared with the control groups, (P=0.787, P= 0.350) respectively. There was no significant effect on serum ferritin as well as hemoglobin, RBC indices between helminths infection when compared with a control group. The serum ferritin level (P=0.286), hemoglobin concentration (P=0.563), MCV (P=0.646), MCH (P=0.485), and MCHC (P=0.975) all increased as a result. Conclusion and Recommendation: The presence of Helicobacter pylori or helminths has no effect on serum ferritin levels or the development of iron deficiency. Cohort studies are recommended for establishing a cause and effect relationship between H.pylori infection or helminths infection and serum ferritin levels.
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    Assessment of Hematological Profile among Adult Clients Visiting for Wellness Service at International Clinical Laboratories, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Abeba University, 2021-09) Ayalew, Etalemahu; Tsegaye, Aster (MSc, PhD); Alemu, Jemal(MSc, PhD Candidate); Nigussie, Mesfin(MD, Pathologist)
    Background: Hematological profiles are affected by commonly known pathological factors. However, nutritional, behavioral and life style factors may vary those parameters among apparently healthy individuals. Little is known about hematological profile of apparently healthy individuals seeking wellness service in resource limited settings like Ethiopia. Objective: To assess the hematological profile of individuals visiting International Clinical Laboratory (ICL) Wellness service in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted from February to April 2020 among 422 apparently healthy study participants. Demographic data were collected using structured questionnaire. Blood samples collected in EDTA tubes were analyzed using Cell-Dyn Ruby 5-Diff hematology analyzer. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results were compared between categorical variables (age and sex) using parametric tests (Independent t test and ANOVA) for continuous variables. Chi-square and binary logistic regression were used to see the relation between independent variables and hematological abnormalities. P-value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Result: A total of 422 apparently healthy clients (226 males, 53.6%) were included. Their age ranged from 18 – 87 years, with a median (IQR) age of 43 (35-54) years. The mean+SD of WBC, RBC and PLT counts among males were 5.87+1.73, 5.65+0.62 and 250.38±71.58; while the counts among females were 5.95±1.99, 5.09±0.49 and 276.89±74.13, respectively Hematological parameters RBC (p<0.001), HGB (p<0.001), HCT (p<0.001), and absolute lymphocyte count (p=0.028) were significantly higher in males than females, whereas platelet (p<0.001) and absolute neutrophil count (p=0.012) were significantly higher in female counterparts. There was no statistically significant difference in hematological profiles among the age groups. There was statistically significant variation between mean values in the current study and the reference range in current clinical use. Among the total study participants, 12 (5.3%) males and 11 (5.6%) females had anemia. On the other hand, 7 (3.1%) males and 12 (6.1%) females, 3 (1.3%) males and 2 (1%) females, 1 (0.4%) male and 4 (2%) females were found to be leucopenic, thrombocytopenic and lymphopenic, respectively Conclusion: Hematological parameters of study participants have shown significant variation from the established ones. Thus, further investigation needs to be done to confirm our results and establish reference range applicable for local regions.
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    Assessment of Immunohematological Outcome Among Adult HIV Patients Taking Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy for at Least Six Months in Yabelo Hospital, south East Ethiopia.
    (Addis Abeba University, 2021-10) Ashenafi, Girma; Tsegaye, Aster (MSc, PhD); Tibebu, Melatwork (MSc, PhD candidate)
    Background: Immunohematological parameters are key tools for evaluating antiretroviral treatment and prognosis during follow up in Human immunodeficiency virus infected patients. Clinical response to highly active antiretroviral therapy in resource-limited settings is monitored with CD4 + T cell counts and some hematologic indices. Comparing baseline immunohematological parameters of infected patients with their change after they take treatment for at least six months is very useful in evaluating treatment success. Objective: To assess changes in immunological and haematological parameters in HIV infected patients on HAART for at least Six months at the antiretroviral therapy clinic of Yabelo Hospital, Borena, Ethiopia. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted from February to July 2021 using convenient sampling method to recruit 333 HIV infected adults who were on follow-up for at least six months at the ART clinic of Yabelo hospital. Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics data were collected using pre-tested structured questionnaire. Venous blood samples were collected and processed following standard procedures for determining CD4+ T cell count and complete blood count using FACSPresto and Sysmex XE 2100 automated haematology analyser, respectively. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were conducted to identify factors significantly associated with the outcome variable. P –value < 0.05 was considered as significant. Result:- The prevalence of anemia(47.4%),leucopenia(73.3%),neutropenia(58.3%), lymphopenia (76.9% ) and thrombocytopenia(3.3% ) before starting of highly active antiretroviral therapy was declined to 23.1%, 36.4%, 23.4%, 35.7% and 2.4% after initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy, respectively; there was also significant decrease in the rate of Immunosuppression (62.2% to 20.7%). Except MCHC, there was a significant improvement in the common hematological parameters after use of highly active antiretroviral therapy for at least six month.Treatment interruption, presence of extra pulmonary TB ,sex and BMI were factors associated with anemia after ininitation of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Conclusion: Immunohematological profile of the patients has improved after initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Treatment interruption, presence of extra pulmonary TB, female sex and Body mass index are factors associated with anemia. Early initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy is helpful in decreasing hematological abnormalities in HIV infected patients.
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    Assessment of Patient satisfaction towards Clinical laboratory services among Strengthening Laboratory Management towards Accreditation (SLMTA) Program Implementing Hospital Laboratories under Addis Ababa City Administration, Ethiopia
    (2017-11) Tefera, Zigba; Tsegaye, Aster (MSc, PhD)
    Introduction: Patient satisfaction is a major component of a quality management system, and a significant requirement in the ISO standards. It is also an important and useful quality improvement tool for clinical laboratory, health care organizations, and business in general. Most clinical laboratories are required to assess their patients satisfaction in order to maintain their accreditations. Objectives: To assess patient satisfaction on selected laboratory services and determine associated factors among SLMTA program implementing Hospital laboratories in Addis Ababa. Methods: Hospital based cross sectional study was conducted to assess patient satisfaction on laboratory services among SLMTA program implementing hospital laboratories at Zewditu memorial, Ras Desta Damtew memorial, Yekatit 12, Terunesh-Bejieng, Gandi memorial and Minilik II hospitals in Addis Ababa. A structured questionnaire was used to interview a total of 596 laboratory services user patients by trained data collectors. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Patient satisfaction was determined based on mean score cutoff. Result: Out of the 596 patients, 317 (53%) were satisfied with the laboratory services given in the six hospitals under Addis Ababa City Administration. There was significant association between educational status of respondents, SLMTA program laboratory STAR grade and turnaround time with level of satisfaction of patients (P- value < 0.05). In Likert Scale, the overall mean rate of satisfaction of patients with laboratory services was 3.92 out of the 5 points. The mean rate of satisfaction for different aspects of laboratory services ranged from 3.18 to 4.34. The highest mean rate of satisfaction were given for location of laboratory and measures taken to assure privacy during specimen collection with mean rating of 4.34 and 4.32 respectively. Patient satisfaction was lowest with the adequacy of sitting arrangement in waiting area, Cleanness of Latrine and Time spent waiting to get the laboratory result. Conclusion: The overall degree of patients’ satisfaction with the clinical laboratory services was not satisfactory. Therefore, hospital administration and the laboratory department of each Hospitals should strive more to enhance patients’ satisfaction by addressing the identified gaps.
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    Assessment of Peripheral Blood Blast Count and Selected Hematological Parameters before and During Chemotherapy of Acute Leukemia Patients at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
    (Addis Abeba University, 2021-07) Shibru, Selam; Tsegaye, Aster (MSc, PhD); G/Medhin, Amha(MD, Hematologist); Sherif, Abdulaziz (MD, Hematologist); Tadesse, Fissehatsion (MD, Hematologist); Hailu, Daniel (MD, Hematologist)
    Background: the assessment of peripheral blood blast count, some hematological parameters in acute leukemia is not researched well in developing countries although, nowadays leukemia is the main concern in these countries. Objective: to assess the value of peripheral blood blast count, selected hematological parameters before and during chemotherapy of acute leukemia patients at Tikur Anbessa specialized hospital (TASH), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted in acute leukemia patients at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital from February to December 2020to assess the change in selected hematological parameters at three different times after taking first induction treatment. Complete blood cell count (CBC) and peripheral blood morphology of those patients were investigated in three different time points which starts in initial diagnosis, next at 7 and 14 days of induction treatment. Bone marrow analysis data extracted from pathology department at the beginning of patient diagnosis. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 23. Descriptive statistics were used to describe socio-demographic factors, chi square test of association was run for categorical variables and paired t-test and ANOVA was also used to compare pre and during induction blast counts and selected hematological parameters. P values less than 0.05 was used to declare statistical significance. Result: 30 newly diagnosed acute leukemia patients aged 2 to 69 years were enrolled in this investigation. In this study age group is related with that of leukemia type. Some of the hematological parameters are assessed during the three time period. White blood cell (WBC), Blast count, Platelet, but not the other hematologic parameters before the administration of chemotherapy are statistically different with those values of day 7 and day 14 after starting chemotherapy. However, the two parameters WBC (50700, 5200, 2180 cells/ul) and Blast cell count (29700, 3150, 150cells/ ul) at the three time points show a significant effect for time. The respective values for Platelets were 92700, 37100, 55900 cells/ul. Conclusion: blast count and WBC which was counted (mean ± SD) at day 7 and 14 of induction treatment has a significant value to assess the response of the patient by the treatment. Therefore it should be used as a surrogate marker in the course of induction treatment. In contrast other hematological parameters did not show an effect on the response of the patient by the treatment. Analysis of larger sample size with other additional tests like immunological, biochemical, cytogenetic and flowcytometry should be done on this area of study.
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    Assessment of Platelet Count in Malaria Suspected Patients in Adama Referral Hospital, Adama, Ethiopia
    (Addis Abeba University, 2021-05) Tilahun, Feven; Tsegaye, Aster (MSc, PhD); Woredofa, Moges(M.Sc)
    Background: A higher risk of thrombocytopenia was identified in malaria patients with severe anemia, neurologic complications, pulmonary complications, liver dysfunction, renal impairment and severe hypoglycemia. However, there is limited information regarding platelet parameters abnormality associated with malaria infection in Ethiopia. Objective: The objective of this study was to asses platelet count in malaria suspected patients in Adama Referral hospital, Adama. Method: In this cross-sectional study which was conducted from February to September 2020, 442 malaria suspected patients were selected using convenient sampling technique. Data was collected using interviewer administered pre-tested questionnaire and clinical data was obtained from patient medical record. Complete blood count was performed using Beckman Coulter (DXH800) automated hematology analyzer and finger prick capillary blood was used for microscopic examination of malaria. Data was entered and analyzed by using (SPSS) version 24. Descriptive statistics was applied to determine the mean, frequencies, and percentages of the study parameters. Pearson correlation analysis and regression analysis was performed to see significance association between variables P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result: Of the 422 malaria suspects majority 206 were (48.8%)in the age group of 20-40 and 214 (50.7 %) were females. The overall magnitude of malaria was 23.9% (101/422)which is 56(26.9%) and 45(21.0%) in males and females, respectively. The overall magnitude of thrombocytopenia was 77(18.2%). Among thrombocytopenic patients, 55(71.4%) were positive for malaria. Magnitude was higher in P. vivax patients. There was negative correlation between parasite density and platelet count (r=-0.539 P=0.01)as well as with neutrophil % (r=-0.374 P=0.01).lymphocyte count % and parasite density had positive (r= 0.476 P=0.01)lymphocyte count # and parasite density had positive correlation (r=0.236 P=0.05). Conclusion:The magnitude of thrombocytopenia was higher among malaria positive than negative patients and it was relatively more common among P. vivax than P. falciparum infected patients.
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    Determination of Hematological Parameters Reference Interval for Apparently Healthy Population aged 15 to 60 years in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Abeba University, 2021-07) Befekadu, Endalkachew; Tsegaye, Aster (MSc, PhD); Tamir, Zemenuir (MSc, PhD fellow)
    Background: Complete blood count (CBC) reference intervals were essential for effectively diagnosing diseases, measuring drug toxicity or side effects, disease staging and monitoring of response to treatment, therapeutic management decision, or other physiological assessment in the clinical laboratory and assessing overall health. They may also be used in clinical trials as a guide to set inclusion and exclusion criteria. Factors such as genetics, dietary patterns, gender, age, ethnic origin, altitude, pregnancy, and geographical factors and geochemical and environmental pathogens were known to influence hematological reference intervals (RIs). Hence, there is a need to determine locally relevant hematological reference intervals. Objectives: To determine hematological parameters reference intervals for apparently healthy population aged 15 to 60 years in Addis Ababa. Methods: A cross- sectional community based study consisting 790 males and females (pregnant and non-pregnant) at household level was conducted from January to May 2019 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.. A complete blood count (CBC) was performed using Sysmex XT1800i automated hematology analyzer. The non-parametric test as per the CLSI guide was used to determine the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles. SPSS-IBM version 24 statistical software was used for data entry and analysis. Differences among groups were tested and level of significanc was set at P value less than 0.05. Result: Males comprise 262, and 346 non-pregnant females and 182 pregnant women were included. The 2.5 th and 97.5 th RIs determined were somehow inconsistent with the RI currently in use. RBC count, Hgb, HCT and MCHC were significantly higher in males than females while median value for MCV, MCH, RDW-CV and RDW-SD values were higher in females than males. Non-pregnant females had significantly higher median PLT count and PCT than males and pregnant women. Pregnant women had significantly higher median PDW, MPV, P-LCR than their non-pregnant counterparts and males. A decrease in RBC parameters and increase in WBC count was observed with increasing trimester. Conclusion: As differences were noted with the company derived RIs and other population groups, the current RI needs to be in use in Addis Ababa.
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    Establishing Reference Interval for Hematological Parameters for Apparently Healthy Adult Men and Pregnant Women in Arbaminch, South Ethiopia
    (Addis Abeba University, 2021-09) Nedu, Adisu; Tsegaye, Aster (MSc, PhD); Alemu, Jemal(MSc, PhD candidate)
    Abstract Background: Hematological reference intervals (RIs) are important in routine assessments for the diagnosis of blood disorders, infectious diseases, immune diseases, diseases progression and assessments of ant-retroviral treatments. However, most of Africans including Ethiopia use RIs which are adopted from textbook, manufacturer of machines or Western countries while several factors are affecting these parameters. Objective: To establish hematological reference intervals for apparently healthy adult men and pregnant women at Arbaminch, Southern, Ethiopia, 2020/21. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was applied from Nov 2020 to Sep 2021. A systematic sampling technique was used to recruit a total of 312 men and pregnant women aged 18 years and above. Individuals who are apparently healthy(fulfill the eligibility criteria) and are voluntary to participate in the study were included. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data about socio-demographic, health status, drug usage, and nutritional habit of the participants after getting the ethical clearance. The laboratory specimens (blood, urine, stool) were collected according to standard operating procedures (SOPs) and the laboratory investigation was performed. Quality control material for hematological tests was used according to the SOPs. Age and sex specific 2.5 th and 97.5 th reference interval was determined using the non-parametric method. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 23.0 software. Results:- The median and 95% RI for RBC parameters were, 4.92(4.32-5.79)*10 /L, 14.8(13.217.08)g/dl and 45.2(41.3-54.18)% for RBC, Hgb and Hct respectively for adult men and 4.39(3.565.16)*10 12 /L, 13(9.3-15.9)g/dl and 41(32.6-46.2)% for RBC, Hgb and Hct, respectively for pregnant women. The median and 95% RI for WBC parameters and platelet count were 7.5(4.14-11.5)*10 2.2(1.2-5.21)*10 9 /L, 0.7(0.3-1.2)*10 9 /L, 4.8(2.06-7.88)*10 9 /L, and 227(152-353.3)*10 /L WBC count, absolute lymphocyte, absolute mixed cell and absolute neutrophil and platelet count for adult men and 7.5(4.55-12.4)*10 9 /L, 2.2(1.2-3.9)*10 9 /L, 0.7(0.3-1.2)*10 9 /L, 4.9 (1.9-10.1)*10 /L and 202(142362)*10 9 /L WBC, Lymphocyte, Mixed cell, Granulocyte and platelet count for male and pregnant women, respectively. Conclusion:- The result from the current study identified that there is variation in most of the reference interval of hematological parameters especially red cell parameters with reference intervals conducted in other parts of the country, Africans as well as western countries.
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    Establishing Umbilical Cord Blood Hematological Parameters Reference Interval for Newborns in St. Peter Specialized Hospital Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from January 1 to March 31, 2019
    (Addis Abeba University, 2019-07) Angelo, Ammanuel; Tsegaye, Aster (MSc, PhD)
    Background: Several factors like altitude, age, sex, pregnancy, socioeconomic status, life style and race influence hematological reference interval (RIs), which are critical to support appropriate clinical decisions and to interpret laboratory data in research. Currently there are no wellestablished RIs for cord blood hematological parameters of newborns in Ethiopia. Objective: To generate reference interval for umbilical cord blood hematological parameters of newborns at St Peter Specialized Hospital Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 1 to March 31, 2019 on healthy, term newborns (37-42 weeks) with normal birth weight born to apparently healthy pregnant mothers who had met the eligibility criteria. From a total of 139 newborns, 2-3ml cord blood was immediately collected from the clumped cord using EDTA tube. The samples were analyzed using Sysmex KX 21 hematology analyzer. Data was entered and the 2.5 th and 97.5 th percentile (upper and lower reference limit) were determined using non parametric method by SPSS version 23. The non-parametric independent Mann-Whitney U test (Wilcoxon rank-sum test) was used to compare the distribution of the parameters between genders, modes of deliveries and gestational age groups. Result: The combined reference interval for umbilical cord blood hematological parameters of newborns with the median and 95% reference values were as follows for WBC= 12.4 [6.55-19.35], RBC= 4.51 [3.55-5.52], HGB= 15.80 [12.41-19.65], HCT= 45.9[37.9-56.3], MCV=102.10[83.90111.55], MCH= 35.30 [29.35-39.10], MCHC= 34.3 [32.3-37.40], PLT= 236 [146-438], LYM= 37.5% [16.6-63.0%], MXD= 7.9%[1.65-15.75%], NEU= 53.7%[30.3-78.3], RDW= 15.6[12.019.0], PDW=11.0[9.1-15.7] and MPV= 9.4[8.1-11.8]. The current study found no significance difference between genders, except RDW (P=0.01) and gestational age group, but there was significance difference for WBC (p=0.007), RBC (p=0.018) and Absolute NEU (p=0.001). Conclusion: The values obtained from our study provide reference intervals for some hematological parameters in healthy newborns of Addis Ababa and its surrounding special weredas. However, the results need to be confirmed by larger samples from different centers throughout the country.
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    Establishment of hematological parameters reference intervals for apparently healthy adolescents in Asella town, South East Ethiopia
    (Addis Abeba University, 2020-06) Dibaba, Berhanu; Tsegaye, Aster (MSc, PhD); Alemu, Jemal(MSc)
    Background: -Physicians' medical decisions are based on information provided by laboratory reports in the form of a reference interval (RI) or medical decision limit. The interval serves as a health-related standard with which to compare an individual test result. However, the lack of bringing up as its own standard, local reference values has been a problem facing hematological practice in our country. Objective: To establish hematological parameters reference intervals for apparently healthy adolescents (12-17) in Asella town, South East Ethiopia from January to March 2020 GC. Method: A total of 342 apparently healthy adolescents aged 12–17 years living in Asella town and fulfilling the eligibility criteria were recruited for this cross-sectional descriptive study using a systematic random sampling method. Data including socio-demographic characteristics were collected using a structured questionnaire. The hematological analysis was performed using Sysmex KX-21 3 Diff analyzer. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 21. The nonparametric Mann-Whitney u test was used to compare the parameters between genders. The 97.5 percentile and 2.5 th percentile as the upper and Lower Reference limit in favor of the adolescent population were determined. Result: The study observed statistically significant mean differences between males and females in Hemoglobin (HGB), Hematocrit (HCT), Mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), Mean Cell volume (MCV), absolute lymphocyte number (LYM#), Red Blood Cell (RBC), and Red blood cell distribution width by the coefficient of variation (RDWCV). Whereas the mean values of other Hematological parameters like WBC PLT and RWDSD have no significant difference between both sex (p value>0.05). Hence the reference interval of White Blood Cells (WBC), Platelet (PLT) and Red blood cell distribution width by the standard deviation (RWDSD) in adolescents were (3.410. 9x103/ul), (153.9-390x103/ul) and (36.8-47.1fl) respectively. The current established reference intervals show higher proportions out of range values when compared to the existing reference intervals. Conclusion: Some hematological parameter showed a significant difference in the mean values among data sets for HGB, RBC, MCV and MCHC across gender (p value<0.05) in which females having lower levels than males. The newly established hematological parameter reference intervals by this study were different from the existing reference values. th
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    Evaluation of Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) as Prognostic Tools for Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) Patients in Resource-Limited Setting at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
    (Addis Abeba University, 2021-09) Hailu, Saifu; Kinde, Samuel( MSc, Ph.D. candidate); Tsegaye, Aster (MSc, PhD); Gebremedhin, Amha(MD, Hematologist); Howe, Rawleigh ( MD, Ph.D); Hailu, Dawit(MSc)
    Background:-The hallmark diagnostic tool for Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is Philadelphia chromosome t (9; 22) (q34; q11)) which gives rise to bcr-abl1 fusion oncogenic protein. QrtPCR of bcr-abl1has been established as a prognostic tool since the introduction of TKI drugs. But, in a resource-limited setting, like Ethiopia, multiplex reverse transcriptase PCR, which is used to be as a screening tool, could be adopted into the clinic as a relative prognostic tool than relying on hematological response. Objective: - to evaluate multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as prognostic tools for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients in resource-limited settings at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (TASH). Method: - Hospital-based Cross-sectional study design was used for a total of 114 confirmed CML patients who were enrolled at the Hematology Clinic of TASH. Multiplex reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR were performed at AHRI molecular lab, and Leipzig hematology clinic, respectively. The descriptive statistic and ROC curve using excel were used to assess the demographic feature of the patients and to evaluate the prognostic value, respectively, and thereby the most valuable cutoff multiplex PCR was calculated in comparison with QRT- PCR. Result: - of the total enrolled study subjects (114), most of the transcripts were major fusion gene (M-bcr-abl1), b2a2 (28.1%), b3a2 (49.1%), and co-expressed were b2a2/b3a2 (0.9%). All new cases and follow-up patients who were positive with the multiplex RT-PCR method for bcrabl transcript were more than 95% agreement with quantitative PCR compared to the limit of detection sated for multiplex PCR. Multiplex RT- PCR at a cut-off 0.31% IS and above, in comparison to the standard prognostic tools (Qrt PCR) has a comparable result; sensitivity 96.6% and specificity 88% at the area under the curve 0.977(97.7 %) and CI 95% (0.952 to 1, P-value 0.0001). Conclusion: - Follow-up of patients on the hematological parameter is rather crude and not sensitive enough to modify the treatment regimen. But, the use of multiplex PCR, besides as screening tools, can provide an early sign of relapse as low as 0.31% IS bcr-abl transcript. As compared to Qrt-PCR, it is relatively cheap and accessible to be adopted into the routine clinic.
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    The magnitude of anemia and growth status among selected public school children in a setting of mass deworming in Sululta town, Oromia Region, Ethiopia, 2017
    (Addis Ababa Universty, 2017-11) Wordofa, Moges; Tsegaye, Aster (MSc, PhD)
    Background: Undernutrition and anemia in children continues to be public health problem in developing countries. Large scale implementation of anthelminthics delivered through school system can significantly reduce infection and morbidity among school children with improvement in growth status and reduction in prevalence of anemia. Objective: To determine the magnitude of anemia and growth status among public school children in setting of mass deworming in Sululta town, Oromia region ,Ethiopia,2017. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from April to June 2017 in three randomly selected public schools in Sululta town. A total of 510 students aged 5-14 years were included conveniently. Socio-economic and demographic factors as well as food frequency data were collected using structured questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements such as height and weight were carried out and analyzed using WHO Anthroplus v1.0.4. Complete blood count was performed using Sysmex KX-21N automated analyzer. Stool samples were processed using direct wet mount, formol ether concentration and Kato-katz methods. Moreover, H.Pylori stool antigen test was also performed. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 21 software. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were computed to assess association between variables .The odds ratio and 95% CI were calculated to assess the strength of the association and P-value< 0.05 was considered as statistically significant Results: Among 510 study participants, 60.2% were females and 82.7% were dewormed. The magnitude of anemia was 3.7% when adjusted for altitude above sea level. 3.1% and 0.6% of participants had mild and moderate anemia respectively. The magnitude of stunting and thinness were 16.9% and 10.8%, respectively. None of socio-demographic variables of parents and children were significantly associated with anemia. As to growth status, children from small size family (≤5) were more likely to be stunted (P=0.002) compared to large size family (>5). The associations of deworming with anemia and growth status were insignificant. Conclusion: The magnitude of anemia, stunting and thinness was low. None of the variables including deworming were associated with anemia and similarly with growth status except for family size. Thus further longitudinal study should be conducted.