Assessment of Immunohematological Outcome Among Adult HIV Patients Taking Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy for at Least Six Months in Yabelo Hospital, south East Ethiopia.

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Date

2021-10

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Addis Abeba University

Abstract

Background: Immunohematological parameters are key tools for evaluating antiretroviral treatment and prognosis during follow up in Human immunodeficiency virus infected patients. Clinical response to highly active antiretroviral therapy in resource-limited settings is monitored with CD4 + T cell counts and some hematologic indices. Comparing baseline immunohematological parameters of infected patients with their change after they take treatment for at least six months is very useful in evaluating treatment success. Objective: To assess changes in immunological and haematological parameters in HIV infected patients on HAART for at least Six months at the antiretroviral therapy clinic of Yabelo Hospital, Borena, Ethiopia. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted from February to July 2021 using convenient sampling method to recruit 333 HIV infected adults who were on follow-up for at least six months at the ART clinic of Yabelo hospital. Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics data were collected using pre-tested structured questionnaire. Venous blood samples were collected and processed following standard procedures for determining CD4+ T cell count and complete blood count using FACSPresto and Sysmex XE 2100 automated haematology analyser, respectively. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were conducted to identify factors significantly associated with the outcome variable. P –value < 0.05 was considered as significant. Result:- The prevalence of anemia(47.4%),leucopenia(73.3%),neutropenia(58.3%), lymphopenia (76.9% ) and thrombocytopenia(3.3% ) before starting of highly active antiretroviral therapy was declined to 23.1%, 36.4%, 23.4%, 35.7% and 2.4% after initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy, respectively; there was also significant decrease in the rate of Immunosuppression (62.2% to 20.7%). Except MCHC, there was a significant improvement in the common hematological parameters after use of highly active antiretroviral therapy for at least six month.Treatment interruption, presence of extra pulmonary TB ,sex and BMI were factors associated with anemia after ininitation of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Conclusion: Immunohematological profile of the patients has improved after initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Treatment interruption, presence of extra pulmonary TB, female sex and Body mass index are factors associated with anemia. Early initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy is helpful in decreasing hematological abnormalities in HIV infected patients.

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Keywords

HIV, Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy, CBC, CD4.

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