Assessment of Immunohematological Outcome Among Adult HIV Patients Taking Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy for at Least Six Months in Yabelo Hospital, south East Ethiopia.
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Date
2021-10
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Addis Abeba University
Abstract
Background: Immunohematological parameters are key tools for evaluating antiretroviral
treatment and prognosis during follow up in Human immunodeficiency virus infected
patients. Clinical response to highly active antiretroviral therapy in resource-limited settings
is monitored with CD4 + T cell counts and some hematologic indices. Comparing baseline
immunohematological parameters of infected patients with their change after they take
treatment for at least six months is very useful in evaluating treatment success.
Objective: To assess changes in immunological and haematological parameters in HIV
infected patients on HAART for at least Six months at the antiretroviral therapy clinic of
Yabelo Hospital, Borena, Ethiopia.
Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted from February to July 2021 using
convenient sampling method to recruit 333 HIV infected adults who were on follow-up for at
least six months at the ART clinic of Yabelo hospital. Socio-demographic and clinical
characteristics data were collected using pre-tested structured questionnaire. Venous blood
samples were collected and processed following standard procedures for determining CD4+
T cell count and complete blood count using FACSPresto and Sysmex XE 2100 automated
haematology analyser, respectively. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25.
Bivariate and multivariable analyses were conducted to identify factors significantly
associated with the outcome variable. P –value < 0.05 was considered as significant.
Result:- The prevalence of anemia(47.4%),leucopenia(73.3%),neutropenia(58.3%),
lymphopenia (76.9% ) and thrombocytopenia(3.3% ) before starting of highly active
antiretroviral therapy was declined to 23.1%, 36.4%, 23.4%, 35.7% and 2.4% after initiation
of highly active antiretroviral therapy, respectively; there was also significant decrease in the
rate of Immunosuppression (62.2% to 20.7%). Except MCHC, there was a significant
improvement in the common hematological parameters after use of highly active
antiretroviral therapy for at least six month.Treatment interruption, presence of extra
pulmonary TB ,sex and BMI were factors associated with anemia after ininitation of highly
active antiretroviral therapy.
Conclusion: Immunohematological profile of the patients has improved after initiation of
highly active antiretroviral therapy. Treatment interruption, presence of extra pulmonary TB,
female sex and Body mass index are factors associated with anemia. Early initiation of highly
active antiretroviral therapy is helpful in decreasing hematological abnormalities in HIV
infected patients.
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Keywords
HIV, Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy, CBC, CD4.