Philology

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Friedrich Nietzsche, Jean-François Lyotard and the Post Modern Critique of Classical Metaphysical Thinking.
(Addis Ababa University, 2022-06) Eden Abate; Fasil Merawi(PhD)
Source of Knowledge in The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church
(Addis Ababa University, 2022-09) Hilena Belet; Fasil Merawi
Philosophy has a great role in formulating doctrines of Christian theology. The sources of knowledge that have been argued in philosophy, specifically, empiricism, rationalism and criticism have been the basis of knowledge in the earliest Christian schools, namely, school of Alexandria and school of Antioch; Rationalism contributing to the school of Alexandria and Empiricism to the school of Antioch. As one of the ancient churches, the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church had been influenced by these two ancient Christian schools of thought. The source of knowledge in the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church is either empirical and is contributed by the thought of the Antiocheans, as in the case of the explanation that the sense organs perceive and learn the existence of God from nature; Or rational and is contributed by the Alexandrians, as in the case that the knowledge of the existence of God and that of good and evil is naturally put in the heart; Or it is defined as criticism, meaning, both empirical and rational sources, or both of the schools have contributed to the church equally, having in mind that mystical sources being common together with all of the philosophical sources in all cases.. This study definitely answers what the source of knowledge in the EOTC is and what the influences of the two schools are.
The Discourse of Machiavelli and Hobbes on Authority
(Addis Ababa University, 2022-06-01) Meron Chanyalew; Dagnachew Assefa (PhD)
Machiavelli is regarded as the father of modern political philosophy. His contributions to political philosophy continue to have an impact on current political philosophers and politicians. He particularly defied the medieval tradition that political authority was under the control of the church. He wished to discover how to establish a strong state against foreign oppression and domestic conflict. To him, the best state was a republic in which the system could draw upon the talent of mass of people, and their virtues could operate unchecked. Failing this a limited monarchy might achieve national security. He considered public spirit essential for the establishment of an ideal republic. In true platonic spirit, he believed that a state is what its people make it.Hobbes was obsessed with societal order and discipline. Furthermore, he is extremely concerned about the power vacuum that may occur as a result of anarchy, instability, or split of authority. As a result, he expresses his understanding of legal sovereignty in a clear and unambiguous manner. He helped people recognize the critical importance of a strong government, as well as security and peace.Because of the time or generation gap, these two significant political theorists have limitations. Our thinking styles and contemporary political beliefs may differ, yet they have a wonderful perspective and insight that cannot be confined by time or political ideas. We need a patriotic generation that loves their country enough to give their life for it. We also require justice for the benefit of citizens and the government. In general, we require peace and security.
Philological and Textual Analysis of the Ethiopic Book of Amos
(Addis Ababa,University, 2001-07) Abebe, Tsegaye; Alehegne, Mersha (PhD)
This thesis focuses on the philological, comparative and textual analysis of the Ethiopic Book of Amos. Among the numerous Ge’ez manuscripts of the Book Amos, located with other prophetic books, the manuscript UNESCO 10.34 is worth studying. When one compares this manuscript with five other manuscripts, namely EMML 7584, Cambridge 1970, EMIP 01029, EMIP 01095 and UNESCO 10.04, one notices surprising phenomena. UNESCO 10.34 contains a considerable amount of unique readings, difficult to explain by scribal errors, by innovative readings. The interesting question would then be to try to explain the reason or reasons for such remarkable differences. One may not exclude here the probability of a Ge’ez translation from a Greek, Hebrew or Arabic text totally different from the one that used for the other five manuscripts. The full text of Ethiopic Amos according to the UNESCO 10.34 is displayed in chapter 2. In order to show the uniqueness of UNESCO 10.34, a table with six columns is prepared (Chapter 3). The types of differences are then presented in following chapters, as far as omissions, additions and substituttions are concerned. The research demonstrates the uniqueness of UNESCO 10.34, leading to need of further researches so as to ascertain the original language and text from which this interesting manuscript has emerged.
A Catalogue of Some Selected Manuscripts in Abba Afase Church
(Addis Ababa University, 2009-11) Minasse, Ashenafi; Gensler, Prof. Orin
This thesis paper presents a catalogue of 12 formerly uncatalogued and inaccessible manuscripts which are found in Abba Af;)~e Church in Yeha (Tigrai). All of these manuscripts are religious in content
A Catalogue of Some Manuscripts in Ankobarr Madhanealam Church Museum
(Addis Ababa University, 2011-05) Admasu Woldehanna, Wondwosen; Seyoum, Phd. Mulugeta
Ethiopia is a home of enormous ancient written cultures. It is also a residence of southern Semitic written accounts. G~'~z scripts are the most dominant heritage of the country. Usually they are preserved by Ethiopian Orthodox Churches especially in each church yard commonly known as [ '.;>qabetj. Even if they are more of religious they contain many secular aspects which are useful for researchers. The collection of Ankobiirr Miidbane 'Aliim Church is the selected site for this study because it was one of the five churches established by the Shoan Kings in their capital during the Medieval Period. There are three kinds of scripts such as codices, scrolls and epigraphic in the collection. From the group of codices sixty nine vellum manuscripts are taken as the total population of this study and fifteen of them are as a subject of it. The study employed on focused group discussion and document analysis as primary data sources. It was for the purpose of achieving historical references about the selected collections of this study. It also engaged secondary tools such as cataloguing works of other scholars in the same locality. After gathering data the work of catalogue has conducted with the analysis of colophons. Based on this chapter one is an introduction, chapter two the body and chapter three summaries, conclusion and recommendation. Based on the obtained major findings essential suggestions were forwarded to ameliorate the observed drawback by the researcher.
Historical and Linguistic Analysis of Gadla Abaw Wa-Aljaw
(Addis Ababa University, 2010-06) Berhan, Tewolde-; Seyoum, Mulugeta (PhD)
The research aims at exploring the historical contributions of Giidlii Abaw wa-AlJaw to its period, that is, to the fourteenth and fifteenth century. In addition, it tries to present philological and linguistic analysis of the GiidL This thesis incorporates six chapters: chapter one introduction, chapter two historical analysis, chapter three philological analysis, chapter four linguistic analysis, chapter five translation of some selected texts of the Gddl and chapter six conclusion and recommendation. Chapter one deals with the method I employed in conducting my research in qualitative research, that is, document analysis. Chapter two explains about the cause of the Stephanite movement. The massive persecution of this sect most probably happened due to refusal to prostrate to the King, Zdr'a Ya'~qob. Chapter three provides some philological elements such as adiaphoric errors and obelos. Chapter four presents the linguistic changes that exist in the Gddl which is written about 450 years back. There are phonological, morphological and syntactic changes or problems in the Gddl. In chapter five, I selected some texts deliberately and gave equivalent translation for them. I did it to let the reader get a brief know how on the movement. I didn't translate all as it is bulky which is 314 pages or 162 folios. My conclusion holds that the cause of the Stephanites' persecution was neither political nor economical. In the researcher's view, it was rather religious. Lastly, recommendations are given.
Historical and Textual Analysis of Gadla Zaraburuk
(Addis Ababa University, 2010-03) Adane, Tegbaru; Habitu, Hailu (PhD)
The principal objective of this thesis is to show the social and spiritual life of the Saint Zara Buruk through the analysis of his Gadla. The manuscript of Gadlli Ziira BU11.Lk has not been critically studied. The present study mainly focuses on both the forms and contents of the manuscripts of Zara Buruk in Hagara Salam Zara Buruk Church (G.Z.B.H. l) and in the Institute of Ethiopian Studies (G.Z.B.I.E.S) as well as the manuscript of Maba $ayon, again in the Institute of Ethiopian Studies. (G.M.$.l.E.S.) The manuscript of Zara Buruk is a very rich source of historical, religious, socio-economic and cultural events. In order to make clear this idea I tried to compare the contents of his Gadalat with other manuscripts. Ethiopian culture in the last quarter of the 17th century had both bad and good features. The manuscript discusses at leavth of tobacco snuffing, common in the Saint's epoch and condemns it. On the other hand, the community (association) ""'l"lOC of Christians that gathered together in the name of Abuna Zara Buruk was free from such bad practice. The content analysis deals with textual, historical, religious cultural and socio-economic events. Famous persons such as "Queen" SabIa Wangel, and KingsIyasuI, and Yostos are some of the historical characters mentioned in the Gadalat. In the discussion on religion, Biblical, nomenclature words, phrases, sentences and paragraphs are studied with reference explanations.
A Study of Narrative Techniques in the Chronicle of Yohannesi (?aalaf Sagad)
(Addis Ababa University, 2009-10) Sisay, Tadewos; Habtu, Hailu (PhD)
Foreign and Ethiopian scholars, have studied different Ethiopian chronicles and made critical editions on the Ethiopian chronicles. Howeve0 these do not discus narrative techniques. This thesis thus, aims at analyzing the narrative structure, characterization, narrative elements and; narrative times of the chronicle of Yonannes. The thesis has four parts. The first chapter is the introductory part. It gives background information and the general outline of the paper. It also devotes to the theoretical part which deals with the approach of the four narrative techniques. Chapter two 0(1 narrative structure characterization and narrative elements. Chapter three discusses order of narrative time, duration of narrative time, and frequency of narrative time. The fourth chapter is the conclusion.
Historical and Philological Analysis of Gadla 'Ewostatewos
(Addis Ababa University, 2008-11) Getnet, Samuel; Habtu, Hailu (PhD)
This thesis focuses on the late medieval mss of Gadla 'Ewtatewos. The reason why the researcher selected the topic at hand is that the ms is not well known among the general public and has not been studied deeply by scholars, although it constitutes a rich source of historical, religious and cultural events of the epoch. The study uses a comparative methodology, whereby the three mss, that is ms TG (the ms in Tara Gadam), ms NA (the ms in National Archives) and EMML 529 (the ms in rES) , are compared for their similarities and differences. Chapter one consists of the background of the study, review of related literature, statement of the problem, as well as the objective, methodology, scope and s ignificance of the study. In Chapter two, the researcher makes an a nalysis, including a list of the three mss of Gadla 'Ewostatewos, a description of the mss of TG, and notes about the hagiographer and about the date of composition of ms TG. Chapter three deals with content analysis of the Gadl comprising an account of historical, political, religious, ideological and cultural events of the epoch and The historical part gives a wide description of the biography of 'Ewos(atewos and notes about his parents and grandparents. This chapter a lso includes his teachings concernmg the religious aspect, an account is given of 'Ewostatewos' teachings on the sabbaths, the Trinity, the incarnation and moral issues with regard to socia l issu es, 'Ewostatewos expressed opposition to the slave trade and polygamy. The new findings on the Gadl is a lso expressed in this ch apter, such as: the meaning of the name 'Ewostatewos, the hi ~to rical relations between Sudan and Ethiopia, the ideological differences between the house of 'Anorewos and the house of 'Ewostatewos. Chapter Four shows historical, religious and hagiographical problems of Gadl 'Ewostatewos In chapter Five, the researcher engages in a philological analysis based on the two mss (TG and NA). This is concerned especially with conjunctive and polygenetic errors and linguistic problems such as syntax, phonology, morphology, gender, number, etc. Finally chapter six conclu des in conclusion and recommendations.
An Arabic Hagiography from Gojjam
(Addis Ababa University, 2007-07) Mekonnen, Oumer; Ibrahim, Mohammed (PhD)
Catalogue of Some Selected Manuscripts of Dabra Sayon Church Ziway Island (lulu Guddo Island
(Addis Ababa University, 2009-06) Fitsumbirhane, Desta; Marrassini, Paolo (Prof.)
For countries like Ethiopia, manuscripts are the main and reliable channels that transmit the knowledge and experience of the past to the present and the future. Ethiopia is rich in manuscripts, which are dispersed all over the country, in monasteries, churches, public and private collections. Even if the exact number of the manuscripts in Ethiopia (including Eritrea) is not known, some estimate it to be around 200.000 (excluding scrolls). In spite of the historical, theological, legal, linguistic, literary, etc ... importance of these collections to the country, little work is done to exploit them. Therefore, there is a need to describe them and publish catalogues, and to invite scholars with varied interests to these forgotten treasures. There is a monastery in Ziway Island (dabra ~Oyon church) in which a people called Zay live. It is believed they migrated during the war of Yodit Gudit with the Ark of the covenant of Axum. The monastery is one of the main depositories collections of codices, written from 6th-8th C after the coming of the Nine Saints. However, individual scholars, and local and international projects did not give enough attention to the collection of Ziway Island, not even the UNESCO sponsored EMML project, although it did microfilm some from 8 Sep. 1969 to 12 Feb. 1970. This paper seeks to fill this gap by focusing on the collection of Ziway Island (dabra ~Oyon monastery) The monastery, located in East-south of Addis Ababa 160km far from Addis Ababa, is to believed to have been founded in 845 E.C, the people from Axum who migrated to Ziway Lake and lived there for 40 years during the war ofYodit Gudit. It is also believed that after the death of Yodit Gudit, they left many Arks and manuscripts in the Island when some of them returned to Axum. According to the inventory of the monastery, it possesses around 40 manuscripts some of them damaged through time. The paper tries to list, describe and prepare a complete catalogue of 12 biographical manuscripts which happen to be the better preserved ones. I hope the study will invite secular as well as ecclesiastical scholars to utilize the treasure hid in them.
The Life and Works of the Shaykh of Abret (1908-'1978) with Special Reference to His Arabic Manuscripts
(Addis Ababa University, 2007-07) Delil, Nuredin; Gori, Alessandro (Prof.)
Tht; prin cipal and ge neral objective of this study is to assess the inLell ecLual contribu tio ns of Ethiopian Muslim scholars Lowards the dcvc lopmenL of Is lamic culture in the country. To Rch ir:ve ih is objcr:tivc I have used thc works of the Sha.ykh. of /\b reL l!S a casc study. The spcei fic obj ectives the study arc: wriLin g a bricl biography of the Shaykh of Abret, collecting and preserving h is works, making a brief conten t analysis, and making his works available ready for fu rther studi es. Using pnmary and secondary sources and the :MSS of the Shaykh of Abrel, the s tudy has a Llempted to achieve both objectives. l3ased on the above specific objective and metlmods, the b iography a nd the works of the Shaykh of Abret arc discusscd brieny. As a result, the cultural , social and ideological innuenccs of thc Shaylch a rc studied. In chapter one the b3c kgraund of the sludy, in ch'"lpte r Iwo the historical ... md rc lig;ou s background of the Gurage people, in chapter three a brief biography of the Shaylch of Abre t, in cha pter four the works of'\the Shaylch, and in chapter conclu s ion and recommcndations arc d iscussed . Since the con tributions wriLlc n by him a rc many in number, the study could only give a brief content analysis.
The Arabic Numerology Manuscript of Shaykh Muhammad' aman Hadaga
(Addis Ababa University, 2009-11) Abda, Nuredin; Ahemd, Husein (Prof.)
Th is is a thes is on Arsi-Arabic literanlre with spec ific refe rence to Shaykh Muhammad'aman HaJaga and his manuscr ipt on 'awlliq or numerology . The manllscript was written in Arabic in 1383 A.H. ( 1956 AD.) under the title MifiiII! al-MighliIq SarI! Sullflll! al-Mar:hl Ii 11m :/1- ':/lIlliq , .to SI .1, .i .1 .. II eL r ,;;. .)\.Ujl rW. "The Ke\ to the Lock: .-\n Elaburatlon 01' the ,'-' J r---...;>.....,,~ ..... --' '-' '- Ladder of r\scens ion in the Science uf 'fllVlliq" The thes is is divid ed into fi ve chapters. The first is an introduction where I state the problem, re view related literature, outline the historical background and hi ghlight the research area. I\;umerology is just one small part of the broader field of occultism, and is intertwined with other branches of occultism (e.g. astrology, geomancy etc. ). Hence, in the second chaptcr. I give an in troduction to oeculr- ism ,lIld issues relilled thereto: li rst a general Introduction to occ ulti sm, fo llowed by an overview or Arabic· lslamic occult traditions and finall y louking intu Ethiopian occul tism. Chapter three provides a biography 0[' Shaykh M uhammad'aman Haclaga (1873-1959 A.D) r\ fter the ea rly tragic death of his father and elder bro ther he lived alone wi th his mother among a tribe other than his fathe r's. This sense of suc ial iso lation developed in him an attitude of Independe nce and advocacy for disadva ntaged groups and was to ha ve great Impact on his personality he was a distinguished scholar and soci,li figure. It is an in teresting to find an original work on occult traciiti un by an EthiopiCin >c hoLlr. descri be and examine th is worK in the fo urth chapter. According to iniormallis. it is the only \\'ork of its kind by an Arsi schola r. Shaykh fvluhammad 'Jman followed the conventional pract ice 0 1' Muslil11 schola rs bv prl1tiucing his work in thc lorm of a POCI11 anti thcn \\Ti ting an authoritati\'c coml11entary on it. I prcscl1l excerpts frol11 Ihc poe III ,Inti thc COI11I11<:III'l r)" wi th ph ilological and con tent -oriented discussion,
Sayyid Mubamlllad I:Iawl (Rullluga Sayb) and his 'agallll Manuscript Man?iimat AI-Taw/:lTd: Text, translation, and analysis
(Addis Ababa University, 2012-11) Mohammed, Nesredin; Gensler, Orin (Professor)
This work presents one 'agami manuscript of Sayyid Mubammad I:HiwI entitled Man?iimal AI-Taw/:1fd, one of the most popular compositions of the Sayl], The manuscript is incomplete, and contains only about one-third of the poem; the remainder was given to me orall y, I have also reviewed the historical background , language and geographical location of the Qabena people .. The thesis encompasses six chapters. The first contains an introduction which lays out the structure of the stud y. The second presents a brief biography of Sayl] Sayyid Mubammad !:IawL The third presents the 'agami Manzi/mal AI-Tawhldwith roman transliteration of the 'ajami, fidal equivalent and Engl ish trans latio n: sections or the poem that were transmitted orally are presented only in normal Amharic (jelHi and in Engli sh, The fourth chapter gives an analysis of the manuscript of Man?umal al-Tawbld. The last chapter includes the conclusion and recommendations.
Misk Al- Adfar: Description and Analysis of A Text About Sayh Ja'far Bukko (1793 -1860)
(Addis Ababa University, 2013-06) All, Muhammad; Gensler, Orin (Professor)
This thesis presents a philological and content analysis of the Arabic manuscript Misk al-A&,ar ji Manaqib Say! al-lfaqq al-Sayo Ja 'jar Sidd"iq Bukko (The Pungent Musk on the deeds of SaYD Ja 'far SiddTq Bukko, the sword of truth) written by FaqTh Mul)ammad, the youngest son of SaYD Ja 'far. The manuscript and the thesis deal with the life and times of an outstanding 19th-century Sufi cleric, scholar and religious revivalist of Wallo, SaYD Ja 'far Bukko. Misk alA&, ar is a hagiographical work dealing with SaYD Ja ' far and his contemporaries, along with many other associated events that happened at that time in and around the region where the SaYD lived. Moreover, this research investigates SaYD Ja'far 's religious reform activities directed against the traditional religious and secular authorities of the region. To this end, SaYD Ja 'far fought against Emperor Tewodros II who ravaged Wallo in the second half of the 19th century. Accordingly, this study describes the philological and content feature of the manuscript, Misk al-A&,ar, including translation and analysis of selected portions of the ms that deal with the social and political history of 19th century Wallo
Philological and Historical Inquiry into Sayu. 'Abdallah Bin Sali!;t's Histo l"y Manuscript
(Addis Ababa University, 2010-06) Umar, Muhammadtayyib; Gensler, Orin (Prof.)
The Kanto Clan and Their Library: Islamic Literature And Knowledge in A Wsa ('Afar)
(Addis Ababa University, 2012-12) Idriss, Mohammed; Gensler, Orin (Professor)
This thesis deals with the 'Afar clan of KadIto (Asrat) and more specifically with the heritage of Arabic MSS preserved in their Mosque of Dale, near the town of Aysa'Ita (Asaita) in Awsa. I explain how, when, why and by whom the library in the Mosque of Dale was established, and describe its present chaotic condition. The heart of the thesis is a short catalogue of 29 MSS which I found in that library, followed by a closer philological analysis of 10 of the MSS. In addition, the thesis discusses many issues relating to 'Afar culture, geography, history and economy. These include such general topics as 'Afar oral literature, food, law, clothing, as well as a history of Islamic and Muslim leaders in 'Afar and particularly in Awsa. The history and importance of the KadIto clan, and of other scholarly clans such as the Kabirto and Seihak-SarTfa, are presented based on oral tradition
Institute Of Language Studies
(Addis Ababa University, 2008-03) Desta, Mekonnen; Marrassini, Paolo (Prof.)
Many scholars have been concerned with Ethiopian hagiographies is in general and some have dealt with Gad/a Habta Maryam in particular. However this giidl has only been described in a very limited manner and deserves more attention. This paper consists of four chapters. The first chapter deals with the background of the study, the scope, the objectives, methodology and the application of the result. The following chapter 2, 3, 4 focuses on the issues of the research. The second chapter concerns the author, date, contents features and classification of the text, the third chapter deals with the content of the gadl which describes the saint's biography, episodes from his life including miracles etc. Based on the above chapters, historical, ideological, sociological, political ethical theological values will be presented in chapter fi nally summarize the result of the research and draws conclusion.
Historical and Philological Analysis of GadLa Bartalomewos with Translation
(Addis Ababa University, 2012-08) Nigus, Kassa
The purpose of thi s study is to show the hi storical , philological, theological and religious situations of the sa int's epoch through his Gadl, Giid la Bartalomewos.Abunii Bartalomewos W:lS one of the di sciples of St.Takla I-Iaymanot from ~a~ara. He contri buted a lot in the evangelical acti vities and founded the monastery of Dabra Ziimada. Through his devotion and generos ity, he has fl ouri shed ethi cal generations. Accord ing to the corroboration of evidences, the Gadl was composed in the last stage of the 16th century. The resea rcher has tried to translate the Gadl (from Ga'az to Engl ish) and investigated the historical, phi lological and linguistic aspects that intern succinctly treated the respective problems in the hope that it will hel p for the hi storical and cu ltural study of the country.

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