Management

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    A Qualitative Study of the Ethiopian Meat and Meat Product Export Industry: Challenges, Opportunities, Strategies, Impacts, and Competitiveness
    (AAU, 2024-01-17) Meron Aregay Belachew; Ethiopia Legesse Segaro (PhD)
    Despite having Africa's largest cattle population, Ethiopia struggles to export meat due to various challenges in the livestock value chain. This qualitative study examines the challenges and opportunities faced by Ethiopian meat and meat product exporters in the global market, focusing on three aspects: government policies and macroeconomic factors, product quality and marketing strategies, and competitive advantages of Ethiopian meat exporters based interview. Interviews were used to collect data by asking different stakeholders in the industry, such as meat and meat byproduct exporters, livestock animal exporters, licensing bodies, banks, research institutes, quality controllers, logistic experts and associations. The interviews were coded and themed in NVivo 14. Based on the analysis, the main challenges for Ethiopian meat exporters that are currently affecting their business majorly are supply shortage and high production cost. The distribution strategy analysis shows that air transportation is preferred for chilled meat exports to the Middle East site has to reach to destination site freshly without spoilage, while sea transportation is used for meat by-products and some regions with high air costs. Ethiopian meat exporters mostly sell chilled meat to the Middle East, where Dubai takes the lead, meat by products to Far East Asia, and live cattle and camels to Egypt and Somalia, according to the analysis of meat export destination. Analysis of business strategy showed that pricing was the most important factor for the respondents. The export market analysis shows that a distinctive and appealing flavor makes Ethiopian meat and meat products competitive in the Middle East, despite higher pricing, with target market selection remaining crucial. Based on the analysis on factors to meat export success, respondent’s response were peace and stability, effective livestock regulations, ranch ownership, export standard compliance, illegal trade prevention, system modernization, market expansion, and value chain expansion as crucial success factors for meat and animal exports, with peace and stability ranked highest. Respondents emphasized that Ethiopian government policies and the overall Ethiopian economy significantly affect the meat export sector. Meat export brings foreign currency for Ethiopia, which has the largest livestock population in Africa and can take advantage of its geographic closeness to reduce expenses and time. The Ethiopian meat export sector can expand its markets and products by finding new customers and opportunities in the Middle East, Asia, US and Europe, and by creating more value added products such as processed meat by obtaining the required certificate for quality assurance
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    A Review on the Effect of Integrated Financial Management Information System (IFMIS) in Public offices in Lemi Kura Sub-City
    (AAU, 2024-06-24) Nebiyou H. Mariam; Demeke Chemdessa (PhD)
    This study aims to assess the effects of the Integrated Financial Management Information System (IFMIS) on the financial performance of public offices in Lemi Kura Sub-city. The research involved 140 employees working with IFMIS, selected through simple random sampling. Data collection and analysis were performed using descriptive statistics, including frequency count, percentage, mean, standard deviation, p-value, and t-test, alongside the determination of confidence intervals. The data were processed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26 software. The findings indicate that IFMIS has significantly improved service delivery by auditors, with a notable enhancement in the audit process. Furthermore, the system has bolstered auditors' independence and facilitated easier access to financial data, both of which were strongly affirmed by the respondents. The system has also enhanced the reconciliation of financial transactions and the reliability of financial records, receiving high ratings from participants. IFMIS has clearly highlighted variances in financial statements, contributing to more transparent auditing processes. Based on these findings, the study recommends that the management of Lemi Kura Sub-city should increase the utilization frequency of IFMIS for cash management and allocate more resources toward the improvement of IFMIS systems. This enhancement is expected to establish greater efficiency in financial management, leading to improved financial performance. Additionally, it is crucial for Lemi Kura Sub-city to ensure the accuracy of records in accounting and financial reporting. This accuracy will ensure that stakeholders and the public have access to reliable financial information, promoting transparency in the use of public funds
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    Achievements and Challenges in the Implementation of Business Process Reengineering at Addis Ababa General Post Office
    (A.A.U, 2010-06) Ayele, Yared; Costantinos, BT (PhD)
    This research is co inducted with the objective of assessing the challenges, problems and achievements BPR as a public Administration and Management tool to enhance the service Delivery o{ public institutions as exemplified by the Ethiopia postal service with specific reference to {h e Addis Ababa General Post Office. The study employed descriptive survey method. The analysis o{ the findings revealed that BPI? implementation enhances the service delivery in terms of delivering quality service, flexibility and responsiveness and delivering customer sat is/action in GPO. However, lack of awareness, training, motivation, leadership and technological inputs have hampered the change. To overcome these challenges and problems ,the research has come up with recommendation where the organization should organize awareness creation and consensus building meetings with employees especially those who are most affected and disappointed by the change; providing work r elated continuous and rigorous training and orientation to both the employees and the management; the organ inaction must provide training and career enhancement as co unsealing and outplace mint assistance for those who are most affected by the placement, the leadership should monitor progress against the entire and make regular communication o{ progress and success in achieving the targets, the entire team, th e leadership, the management and the employees should get together to review the progress against the objectives and the standard, continuous monitoring and evaluation m1lst he regularly conducted and communicated to ail concerned units and individuals for further improvement and growth. The organization should also undertake recruitment and procurement in order to overcome the shortage o{manpower and equipment and facilities respectively.
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    Adopting Card-Based Payment System in EthiopiaAdopting Card-Based Payment System in Ethiopia
    (A.A.U, 2007-03) Temesgen, Busha; Zewdie, Shibre(Dr)
    This project is an explanatory research to evaluate whether the currently prevaijing conditions in the country are sufficient to introduce card-based payment. A framework evaluation approach is used to analyze the existing conditions. The research methodology used is an in depth interview of key informants from relevant institutions to the subject. Ethiopia is a country which had its own money in ancient times7 but now it is one of the few countries that use ancient payment system- cash-based payment. But this situation must be changed at some point and the country needs to be acquainted to modern payment systems7 such as card based payments that developI17g countries7 including those in Africa are using. Currentl~ there are recent Initiations started by commercial banks. The necessary frameworks for this purpose are found [0 be weak but they are sufficient to begin the operation of card based payment system in the country. To this end, all the stakeholders Including the government must jOin hands to strengthen the weak pOints and smoothen the process of adopting the system.
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    Affecting Deposit Mobilization; The Case Of Private Commercial Banks In Ethiopia Factors
    (A.A.U, 2020-12) Mekdes, Dawit Tadele; Dr. Degefa, Duressa
    The survival of every commercial bank is highly depends on the bank deposit because making of profits of these banks is determined by the strategies adopted by each bank to mobilize deposits from the public that is an input to earn income for most conventional banks. In order to make good strategies, yet, the banks should know what factors determine the deposit mobilization activity in the real world. As the result, the issue of banks deposit and its factors is crucial to the financial sector. Therefore, this study main objective is to identify and evaluate those factors affecting bank deposit in general by taking eight private commercial banks in Ethiopia as evidence the sampled private commercial Banks are Awash International Bank S.C, Bank of Abyssinia S.C, Wegagen Bank S.C, United Bank S.C, Nib International Bank S.C, Dashen Bank S.C, Cooperative Bank of Oromia and Oromia International Bank by using purposive sampling. Accordingly, the researcher adopts primary and secondary data similarly qualitative and quantitative (mixed) method of research approach was applied. Regarding to the qualitative data; questionnaire is used by using non probability sampling to gather information from the employees of selected private commercial banks particularly for those employees who actively participated in deposit mobilization tasks by using a census to study a population of 153 staff from this 127 was returned. Regarding to the secondary data; time series data covering 2014/15 – 2018/19, the data were assessed using explanatory method of analysis as well as the test for heteroskedasticity, autocorrelation and normality testing was done to know if the assumptions of CLRM violated or not. Second, developed model was a multiple linear regression equation with deposit as the dependent variable and explanatory variables are interest rate, inflation rate, number of bank branch, number of employee, gross domestic product, individual foreign remittance and exchange rate estimation was done using Ordinary Least Squares technique by using STATA 14 software The results from analysis showed that all the explanatory variables were correlated with the explained variable. Among these variables, interest rate is an important strategy for deposit mobilization; it is highly significant and has positive effect on deposit than others. Employees and Individual remittances from diasporas are also next to interest rate to significantly and positively affects deposit. The other variables have negative effects and can decrease private commercial banks deposit. And finally, the study had recommended what should be done to encouraging deposits growth by private commercial bank in Ethiopia for the benefit of the superior domestic deposit mobilization.
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    An Assessment of Customer Satisfaction in Civil Registration and Vital Service in Kirkos sub- city
    (A.A.U, 2023-07-07) Hilina Tedla; Jemal Abagissa (Ph.D.)
    The objective of the study is to assess the satisfaction of customers with civil registration and vital services in the Kirkos sub-city. Therefore, the study design was a descriptive case study. The data was collected from primary sources. Obtained through closed-ended questions and semi-structured interviews with 150 selected respondents. The researcher employed purposive sampling for the selection of the civil registration and vital service offices for the selection of customers, employees, and managers of CRVS. The service provider of CRVS and Key Informant interviews were conducted with officials and experts of the administration office. The data gathered through the questionnaire were analysed using SPSS Version 25, and the qualitative part was analysed through thematic analysis. The findings of this study indicate that the civil registration and vital records services did not adhere to the office's stated objectives, which presents challenges for the continued provision of services. The study also reveals that CRVS in KSC has a weak organizational structure and implementation capacity, inefficient and unsatisfactory service delivery due to long waiting times and poor coordination among the offices, and a lack of well-organized information. The CRVS office should improve the quality of service provision to satisfy their customers’ needs.
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    An Investigation in to The Opportunities and Challenges for Fresh Graduate Employment in Non- Governmental Organizations (Ingos): A Case Study In Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (AAU, 2024-10-21) Zertihun Teshome; Dejene Tulu (PhD)
    The purpose of this study was to examine the challenges and opportunities of fresh graduate employment in NGOs in Addis Ababa and to provide recommendations for enhancing their employability. For this purpose, INGOs functioning in Addis Ababa were selected as a research setting. Descriptive research design was employed for the current study. To collect the necessary data for this study, semi structure interview, questionnaire, and document analysis were used. Then, 225 questionnaires were delivered to fresh graduates, out of which 208 of them returned with fully completed and substantial responses. The returned questionnaires had a response rate of 92.44 %, and it is hoped that the returned questionnaires is enough to analyse the data. The information gathered from the questionnaire's closed-ended questions was then inserted into SPSS (Version 25) and analysed using descriptive statistics such as frequency and percentage. Besides, the data collected via open- ended questions of the questionnaire and Interview were described and discussed qualitatively. Finally, the qualitative and quantitative data were integrated together during analysis in the way they can support, triangulate, and substantiate each other. From the analysis of data, different findings were obtained. The study reveals that 53% of the sample is male and 47% female, with no significant gender differences in employability. 86.3% have bachelor's degrees, which are necessary for various organizations, including INGOs. However, the current market is low for fresh graduates. The study reveals that 96.2% of respondents aged 21-31 are mature enough to be employed, but they remain unemployed for two years after graduation. The majority of fresh graduates (87.5%) seeking work in INGOs in Addis Ababa are city residents, indicating that unemployment affects city residents more. Graduates from Business, Economics, Natural and Computational Science are more affected by unemployment. The study revealed a high demand for employment opportunities among fresh graduates in INGOs in Addis Ababa, with 76% of respondents reporting a high number of applications, indicating a growing trend of job seekers in the city. Furthermore, the study revealed majority of fresh graduate respondents (70.7%) and HR workers (61.5%) in Addis Ababa City believe there is no clear policy or regulation governing the hiring of fresh graduates in INGOs. This lack of clear regulation can affect the employability of new graduates in INGOs. The study found that half of fresh graduates in Addis Ababa believe that INGOs do not provide enough career opportunities for recent graduates, indicating that INGOs are not producing enough job prospects for recent graduates. The majority of fresh graduates (64.8%) and HR professionals (61.5%) believe that the job opportunities created by INGOs are insufficient for young graduates. The majority of fresh graduates (59.1%) felt that INGOs do not target fresh youth graduates when advertising jobs in their organizations, and they have never seen job advertisements for fresh graduates. Based on the findings, conclusions are drawn, and recommendations are forwarded to improve the employability of fresh graduates. The study suggests the need for legislation prescribing the employment of fresh graduates in INGOs
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    Analysis of Credit Risk Management Practice: The Case of Berhan Bank S.C
    (2021-04) Tariku, Tsion; Mitiku, Meskerem (PhD)
    The main purpose of the study was to analyze the credit risk management practice of Berhan bank with specific objectives of assessing the alignment between the credit risk policy and procedures of the bank and its practice, bank specific factors that influence credit risk management practice and the mechanisms that the bank uses to handle credit risk. For the purpose of the study both primary and secondary data have been used. Primary data was collected using a structured questionnaire data collection method. The information related to the study problems was obtained through questionnaires from the Credit Analysis and Appraisal, Risk and Compliance Management and Credit Follow-up and Portfolio Management departments. Secondary data was collected from the bank’s Credit policy and procedures, the annual reports of the bank, NBE directives and other documents regarding the bank’s credit history. Based on the nature of the study the research design is descriptive with a qualitative and quantitative research method. Data collected using questionnaires was analyzed by the help of statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) Descriptive statistical tools were used to analyze the data collected. The software was used in order to have the descriptive quantitative results which were in the form of percentages and frequencies. Hence, the nature of the Study is descriptive. Therefore, the findings of the study showed that the bank has credit risk management policy and procedures that aligns with the regulations of the NBE and this helps it to handle credit risks. However, there was a lack of communication of the policy and procedures to the staff that work on CRM practice and lack of training for the qualified staff in the department. So as to this the recommendation that was given to the concerned body of the bank is to create a suitable environment for the credit risk management practice of the bank to be implemented by equipping the staff with the proper training and also reviewing and updating the policy and procedures on a regular basis.
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    Analysis of Determinants of the Use of Online Trading on the Ethiopian Commodity Exchange Perceived Operational Practice
    (Addis Ababa University, 2016-06) Araya, Getachew; Afewerk, Fesseha (Associate Professor)
    The objective of this study was toanalyse the determinants of the use of the online trading on ECX perceived operational practice. ECX had learnt that the capacity of that the existing central trading floor restricts the direct participation of large number of market actors located at the remote parts of the country and this resulted in- high transaction costs that prohibit to some actors, more volatile prices, and higher risk of market collusion. The existing open outcry trading system at the headquarters also restricts the market expansion potential of the ECX and lack of efficiency and effectiveness of the day to day ECX operation. Having noted the weak side of the existing system, ECX has implemented an integrated online trading system that has been believed to improve the level of overall ECX perceived operational practice. This study used case study method due to its convenience and economic of use. The study was included 112 respondents of which composed of 86 Male and 26 Female.Structured self-administered questionnaires used to collect data from participants and Nominal data and ordinal data were collected and analysed. Descriptive analysis, Correlation and standard multiple regression analysis were used to analyze data and examine the relationship. The correlation analysis illustrated statistically significant Strong Positive relation between E-trading (as measured by the Trust, Attitude, Perceived benefit and perceived risk) and ECX perceived operation practice (as measured by constructs of price discovery scale, market expansion scale, access to market scale , avoidance of collusion scale and ECX Operation scale).A standard multiple regression were carried out to examine the prediction extent of four predictors of the Online trading (Perceived benefit, Perceived ease of use, Trust and Attitude) on ECX operational variables and the result showed that Among the four variables, Perceived Benefit (Beta=.256, P<.05), Trust (Beta=.298; P<.05) and Attitude (Beta=.252; P<.05) are making statistically significant unique contribution to explaining the ECX perceived operational practice, when the variance explained by all other variables in the model is controlled for.The model was a good fit for the data (F=25.885, p<.0005). In conclusion, the correlation analysis proved Direct strong positive correlation between the online trading constructs and ECX perceived operational practice and the Regression analysis predicted the extent that the adaption of online trading has significant effect on ECX operational practices.This study confirmed empirically that the adaption of online trading has an impact on ECX operational practice and hence, it is recommended to expand the existing platform to regional level by constructing remote training center that are equipped with online trade platform so that all stakeholders can access the platform and as many products as possible to be exchanged via the exchange. Key words: Ethiopia Commodity Exchange, Market Expansion, Online Trading, Organizational Performance, Price Discovery
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    Analysis of Professional Ethics Practices in Ethiopian Construction Industry: In the Case of Ethiopian Roads Administration
    (A.A.U, 2022-05) Tesfaye, Tihetina; Abitie, Asres (Phd)
    While the construction industry contributes to the achievement of targets for social and economic growth, there are still a number of problems. One of the key ones is the unethical conduct of its professionals that affects companies, efficiency, time and expense and influences them. It is necessary for professionals to use applicable codes or guidelines to exercise their knowledge of ethics. The more professionals practice their approaches to ethical questions, the more likely it is to make the right decisionwhen the pressure is on.Therefore, the primary goal of this research is to examine professional ethics practices and identify the most unethical practices in Ethiopia's construction industry, analyze the reasons why people behave unethically and try to come up with realistic solutions that could be sufficient to eradicate these negative effects by assessing the current conditions in the Ethiopian Roads Administration /ERA/.To achieve the above-mentioned goal, this research was undertaken by conducting a literature review on professional ethical practices in the construction business, followed by a full questionnaire survey. By utilizing an exploratory research design and factor analysis, the key findings of the study are, economic downturn, delayed salaries of workers, location of the project (boarder area), professional indiscipline, personal behavior, excessive love for money (greed), lack of strict contractual laws, andoverlapping between personal and professional ethics, are the main variables contributing to acting unethically.The degree of unethical behavior in the construction industry as a whole,desire to engage in unethical behavior while performing professional duties, individuals or organizations engaging in the work without the necessary qualification, experience or training, under bidding, professional’s commitment conflicting with clients interest, professionals not safeguarding the client’s belongings from going missing or being stolen, professionals do not treat employees fairly, professionals are devoted to their superiors and management, are the most common form of unethical behaviors observed among professionals in Ethiopian construction industry.According to the research, unethical behavior has a negative influence on cost and project quality. It's a good idea to have a code of ethics that's well-followed.It is vital to establish a program to ensure that professionals have the necessary traits, duties, attributes, and ethical conduct at all times.
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    Analysis of Road Traffic Congestion and Its Economic Impact on Addis Ababa City (The Case of Kolfe Sub-City: Asrasement-Compressive Road)
    (AAU, 2025-03-26) Abdulfeta Bahiru Fereg; Asres A. (PhD)
    Traffic congestion is a critical problem in fast-urbanizing cities such as Addis Ababa, whose infrastructure cannot keep up with the increasing demands of traffic. This research takes into account the degree of congestion on the Asrasament-Compressive Road, which is an outlet corridor connecting city and suburban areas and experiences more stress in comparison with the central arterials. The study followed a quantitative methodology. Data collection was based primarily on an integration of field measurements and observations, manual traffic counts, and questionnaires. Subsequently, data were examined by descriptive statistics and an approach adopted from the Texas Transport Institute and World Bank 2013 which computes the economic cost in Egypt. The study measures congestion levels by travel time method and estimates economic costs. Peak hours for severe delays are in the morning (8:15–8:30 AM) and afternoon (4:15–4:30 PM) with daily total delays being 67,833 vehicle-minutes (1,130.55 hours) and 508,033 person- minutes (8,467.21 hours). Direct and indirect annual economic costs are 274.2 million Ethiopian Birr, dominated by travel time delays. The findings highlight the unique stresses on outlet corridors, and it is essential to have specific
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    Analysis of Strategic Change and Employee Performance at Commercial Bank of Ethiopia
    (A.A.U, 2022-01) Belachew, Addisalem; Abitie, Asres (Phd)
    The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of strategic change, communication system and Covid-19 on the performance of employees of the commercial bank of Ethiopia during the Corona pandemic. It also examined differences in the attitude of employees about strategic change with respect to the types of departments, gender, age and years of services in the bank. A sample of 165 respondents were drawn from the CBE in each department using systematic sampling method. Primary data was collected through questionnaire. Data was analyzed using multiple linear regression, t test and one way ANOVA. The findings of the study indicated that strategic change implementation was significantly associated with employees’ performance with in the context of Commercial Bank of Ethiopia. Furthermore, years of services was found to be signifcanlty associated with employee performance. Statistically significant differences in attitude towards strategic change among commercial bank employees was also found between first degree and second degree (t (163) = -3.08, p<0.05) with scores for first degree holder employees (M=75.77, SD=15.23) being lower than employees with MA or MSc (M=82.64, SD=13.37). Implication of the findings for research and theory were discussed.
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    Analysis of street food marketing: The case of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (A.A.U, 2020-10) Daniel, Zinabe Reta; Workneh, Kassa (PhD)
    The main objective of the study was to analyse the factors influencing performance of businesses run by street food vendors in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Specifically, the study sought to establish the influence of location, financial capability, entrepreneurial expertise, and policies & regulations on the performance of businesses run by street food vendors in Addis Ababa. The data for this study have been taken into account to get a representative sample of street food vendors in Addis Ababa using cluster random sampling technique. The study population comprised all of the permanent street food vendors in Addis Ababa and was conducted in nine street food clusters where most densely populated in the capital. Within the domain of street vendors, the clusters have been chosen for the reason that they have more street vendors than other clusters that are not being selected: Megenagna, Mexico, Piazza, 4-killo, Haile Garment, Filwuha, Jemo and Bole. The target population was all the 135 street vendors in Addis Ababa. The study used primary data collection using a structured questionnaire. Data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (version 20) software and Microsoft Excel. Pearson Correlation and multiple regressions were used to establish the relationship between the independent and dependent constructs of the research. Data analysis consisted of both descriptive and inferential statistics. The study concluded that location of a street food vending business, financial capability, entrepreneurial expertise, and policy & regulation influenced the performance of businesses run by street food vendors in Addis Ababa. Based on the study findings, the study recommended that the Addis Ababa city administrations should evaluate the policies and regulations governing the street vending businesses with an aim of creating a more promising environment. The study suggests that a similar study can be conducted in another area in the regions for comparison purposes in the country.
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    Analysis of Supply Chain of Fertilizers in Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2016-06) Hailu, Reta; D., Birhanu (PhD)
    This study analyzes the supply chain of fertilizers in Ethiopia by assessing the major stakeholders in the country. This study investigated whether fertilizer is delivered to farmers in an efficient way, at the lowest possible costs and in an effective way, with shortest lead time. The researcher employed analytical approach of research design named supply chain analysis which comprises supply chain mapping and measuring chain performance. The study relied on secondary data articles, books, publications and stakeholders records as well as primary data collected from actors of supply chain of fertilizers right from importer up to farmers. Both qualitative and quantitative data interpreted using narrations, tables, graphs, charts, descriptive and inferential statistical methods. The thesis addressed major stakeholders and map out what the supply chain of fertilizers looks like; the study also finds out the lack of integration an d communication among stakeholders, inefficient supply chain in terms of high cost of fertilizers, ineffective supply chain in terms of longer lead time, little involvement of farmers in demand estimation, mismatch between quantity supplied and demanded. Ultimately, recommendation provided for policy improvement from government side and capacity and capability change from supply chain stakeholders including Agricultural Input Supply Enterprise, Ethiopian Shipping and Logistics Service Enterprise, Ethiopian Revenue and Customs Authority and transport companies and that at the end could add knowledge in the area and be also an insight for other researchers to undertake further researches and contribute for efficient and effective supply chain of fertilizers in Ethiopia. Key words: supply chain, fertilizer, monopoly, cooperatives, Ethiopia
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    Analysis of Supply Chains Management Practice on Operational and Organizational Performance: In the Case of Hafde Tannery
    (A.A.U, 2021-05) Fekene, Kefelegn; G/Tsadik, Zelalem (Dr.)
    Effective supply chain management has become a very important way to gain competitive advantage by improving the efficiency and effectiveness of the organization. This study tests the relationships between supply chain management practices, operational performance and organizational performance. It also investigates the mediating role of operational performance between SCM practice and organizational performance relationships. The data were collected from 96 employees and customers of the company The relationships proposed in the framework was tested using SPSS version 23 using both descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and inferential (linear correlation, and regressions) the research findings have shown that SCMP has a positive effect on both operational and organizational performance furthermore operational performance has also a positive significant relationship with organizational performance. This study also revealed that the operational performance of the firm mediates the SCM practice and organizational performance relationship. Therefore to achieve advancement in organizational performance in the long run the organization should give due emphasis to the constructs of SCM practice and the measures of operational performance. This paper is only on the case of Hafde tannery, and future research should consider other business organizations
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    Analysis of the Interaction between Air Transportation and Economic Growth: Ethiopian Perspective
    (A.A.U, 2021-06) Mengistu, Samuel; G/Tsadik, Zelalem (PHD)
    The general purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between air transportation and Ethiopia’s economic performance. This study also aims to show the casual relationship and provides the short-term and long-term relationship between air transport demand and economic growth. In order to achieve these goals Ethiopian Airlines Group and World Bank data source used from 1991 to 2019. To achieve these goals the appropriate estimation methods (VECM, VAR, Granger causality test, and descriptive analysis) were used. Johansen's co-integration analysis shows that there is a co-integration vector between economic growth and air transport expansion, and the corresponding elasticity is positive. VECM results show that the fitting coefficient between economic growth and air traffic dynamics is approximately (𝐸𝐶𝑇 = -0.33). The outcomes of VECM evaluation additionally indicates that long-time period causality runs from air transport demand (passengers and cargo) to financial growth, and considering transport demand, a two-year delay seems reasonable. The empirical evidence obtained from VECM and the causality test (long-term, short-term, and Granger causality) shows that there is a unilateral causal relationship between the development of aviation (passenger and freight) to local economic growth. The results of this document have some political and commercial implications and may be important to Ethiopia’s national air transport will create conditions for better air transport services, which will have a major long-term impact on economic growth. Therefore, policy makers should be aware that this sector is income elastic and has a multiplier effect on economic growth.
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    Analysis of the relationship between promotional mix elements and performance of pharmaceutical companies in Addis Ababa
    (Addis Ababa University, 2019-01) Redyet, Nigussie; Workneh, Kassa (PhD)
    The purpose of the study was to analyze the relationship between promotional mix elements and performance of pharmaceutical companies in Addis Ababa. The study employed descriptive survey design and population consisted of all pharmaceutical product importers in Addis Ababa. Simple random sampling technique was employed to select the sample. Data was collected from the respondents using structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics and statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS).The findings indicated that personal selling, sales promotion, advertising, public relation and direct marketing jointly explained 20.7% of variance in overall performance. Personal selling, advertising and public relation had a significant and positive effect on overall performance of a company. The control variable age had a significant but negative effect on overall company performance. The study concluded that promotional mix elements had a great effect on performance of a company. It was recommended Food, Medicines, and Health care administration and Control Authority (FMHACA) could revise tight regulation in promotion of pharmaceutical products. Therefore, marketing practices of pharmaceutical companies based on personal selling, advertising and public relations should be given attention for their future enhanced performance.
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    Analysis of Total Quality Management (TQM) Implementation in Addis Ababa Construction Road Authority (AACRA)
    (A.A.U, 2021-06) Tadesse, Mariam; Abitie, Asres (Ph.D)
    The study analyzed the implementation of TQM in Addis Ababa Road construction industry. Specifically it focused on TQM dimension such as supply management, training and education, process management, continuous improvement, contract selection and top management commitment practice in consultant offices, contractor offices, and owner force (AACRA). The study conducted mixed approach and used exploratory survey design. The target group of the study was AACRA, consultant offices, and contractors, those registered by Ethiopia Road Authority. There were 23 contractors, 14 consultants and owner force. Furthermore, the study used stratified sampling techniques to select 11 contractor companies, 7 consultant offices and Owner force. Thus, the study selected 207 participants, which represented a response rate of 94.09%. from the 515 participants by using simple random sampling method. In addition, questionnaires and interview used to gather data from owner force (AACRA), contractor, and consultant offices. Inferential statistic (One way of ANOVA) and descriptive statistical techniques (mean, standard deviations, percentages, and frequency) used for data analysis by using SPSS software version 26. The data was presented in tables, charts and researcher‟s interpretation. The study result revealed poor practice of TQM dimensions such as supply management, top management commitment, process management, contract selection and, training and education, in Addis Ababa Road construction stakeholders. However, awareness of TQM, understanding of TQM and continuous improvement highly practiced in Addis Ababa Road construction industry. Additionally, lack of effective supervision, lack of effective communication, lack of proper equipment available for use, insufficient technology, and lack of collaboration were the major barrier for CSFs of TQM in Addis Ababa Road Construction made it difficult to implement it. Finally, the study drawn recommendation such as Addis Ababa road construction companies should improve employees‟ involvement and commitment to TQM, and eliminate the barrier to have a smooth implementation process, share experience from homogeneous company who has been best practice of TQM, review and analysis daily reports and activities, well documented, and share experience, discuss, and evaluate TQM implementation in the industry.
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    Analytics of Mobile Banking Customers Usage Behavior - The Case of Commercial Bank of Ethiopia
    (A.A.U, 2021-09) Mulatu, Habtamu; Fikre, Mesfin (PhD)
    Commercial bank of Ethiopia is making efforts to create awareness and usage of mobile banking services few people are using the facility given by the bank Only a few kinds of research have been conducted in these areas. Research should be conduct to solve the problems. The main objective of this study is to make analytics of the mobile banking customer usage behavior in the commercial bank of Ethiopia. The study was conducted by using a descriptive type of study based on a quantitative approach to analyze mobile banking customers' usage behavior. The population of interest in this study comprising of mobile banking customers in the commercial banks of Ethiopia. The study was carried out using system-derived secondary data. The analysis of the system-derived data was done with help of tableau desktop software. The overall results were revealed that analytics of mobile banking customer usage behavior has a significant role for a commercial bank in Ethiopia to draw hidden insight and to aid decision making. The researcher made exploratory and descriptive analyses were performed on the available data set. The study recommended banks maximize extensive use of data to make data-driven decisions making.
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    Analytics of Crowd Funding
    (A.A.U, 2021-06) Tilaye, Demeke; Fikre, Mesfin (Ass.Professor)
    The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of human resource management practice on organizational commitment and perceived organizational performance. The nature of this study was a cross sectional survey design with a quantitative approach. The population of this study was employees working in public sector organizations in Ethiopia. A total of 375 questionnaires with a 95% response rate were collected from public sector employees working in 24 Federal and Addis Ababa City Administration offices in Ethiopia using convenient sampling technique. A standardized five-point Likert scale questionnaire was used to gather the necessary data. The Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression as well as a partial least square methods were used in the data analysis process. The Pearson correlation analysis result at the 0.01 level (2- tailed) levels, clearly shows that there is a moderate level association between four HRM practices (training and development, performance appraisal, promotion, recruitment and selection) and organizational commitment. But the least link is obtained between employee compensation management practice and organizational commitment. Moreover, the regression analysis result shows that all the five HRM practices namely recruitment and selection, performance evaluation, training and development, compensation management and promotion have the ability to influence organizational commitment. The result also revealed that a positive and moderate link between the four HRM practices (training, recruitment and selection, promotion, and performance evaluation practices) and organizational performance, while there is a weak link between compensation management practices and organizational performance. Similarly, the multiple regression analysis result revealed that, all the five HRM practices namely recruitment and selection, performance evaluation, training and development, compensation management and promotion practices have the ability to influence organizational performance. The result shows that there is a moderate and positive correlation between all organizational commitment elements (normative, continuance and affective) and organizational performance. The Partial least square and Soble calculation result shows that organizational commitment significantly mediates the relationship between HRM practices and organizational performance. It can be concluded that there is a positively linear relationship between HRM practice, organizational commitment and organizational performance. Bearing in mind the positive link between HRM practices on the organizational commitment and organizational performance schemes, public sector organizations should give greater emphasis on establishing effective HRM practices in their organizations.