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Item The Effect of Leadership Styles on Employees’ Performance: The Mediating Role of Employee Motivation at Selected Ethiopian Banks(Addis Ababa University, 2026-05-23) Eman Kemal; Gemechis TerfaThis study sought to evaluate the impact of leadership styles on employee performance in Ethiopian commercial banks where employee motivation played a mediating role. Four types of leadership styles considered in this study included transformational, transactional, servant and laissez-faire leadership. The research design utilized in this study was descriptive and explanatory, while data was collected using a questionnaire among the employees of Awash Bank S.C. and Hibret Bank S.C. Simple random sampling technique was used in order to obtain 310 respondents out of the targeted 450 respondents. PLS-SEM with the help of SmartPLS 4.0 software was used in analyzing the data collected. The structural model accounted for 42.2% of the variance in employee performance. As for the direct effect, transformational leadership positively impacted employee performance significantly while the effect of laissez-faire leadership on employee performance was significantly negative. Transactional leadership snd servant leadership found to be statistically insignificant. On the other hand, the mediation effect of employee motivation was found to be significant in all four-leadership style-performance relations. The results showed that servant leadership had the highest indirect effect, followed by transformational leadership, whereas the lowest indirect effect was registered for laissez-faire leadership. Thus, the study suggests that leadership styles can be identified as a significant predictor of the performance level achieved by employees working in commercial banks in Ethiopia. In addition, this relationship is positively affected by employee motivation. Transformational and servant leadership styles have proven to yield the best results in motivating employees and improving their performance. At the same time, laissez-faire leadership negatively affects employee motivation and performance. The study recommends introducing transformational and servant leadership training programs in banks as well as implementing a reward system based on performance.Item The Effect of Business Process Management on Organizational Performance: In the Case of Safaricom Ethiopia.(Addis Ababa University, 2026-06-09) Yeneneh Anwar; Demeke ChimdessaThe main aim of this study was to examine the effect of BPM on the overall effectiveness of the organization in question, Safaricom Ethiopia. Explanatory research design was utilized together with the use of quantitative methodology. Questionnaire method of collecting data was employed, in which case random sampling was utilized and questionnaires were sent to selected respondents. In analyzing the data obtained, statistical methods such as correlation and multiple linear regression analysis were employed using SPSS software version 25.According to the findings from the study, it was discovered that strategic alignment and employee involvement have statistical significance when it comes to affecting the organization's overall effectiveness. Both of these variables were discovered to have a positive effect on organizational effectiveness. This is because, with regard to employee involvement, the increase in training and development activities of the employees resulted in improved behaviors and attitudes towards their work. Furthermore, it was realized that there exists positive relationship between strategic alignment and the performance of the entire organization. Management efforts geared towards encouraging innovation and changing the organization positively empowered employees such that they could positively affect the organization. The result highlights the significance of strategic planning and employee involvement in enhancing organizational effectiveness. Therefore, organizational leaders should ensure they employ strategies aimed at enhancing employee involvement, making effective use of IT, and aligning business processes with strategic plans in order to enhance organizational effectiveness through BPM.Item The Effect of Family Members’ Role in Family Controlled Firm’s Performance and Non-Family Members’ Turnover: The Case of Anemaw Alemu Business Group(Addis Ababa University, 2026-05-02) Solomon Kibret; Meba TadesseThis study was undertaken to determine the effect of the family members' role on family controlled firm performance and nonfamily workers' turnover using Anemaw Alemu Business Group as a case study. The study assessed the role of family members to business performance, the effect of the role of family members on nonfamily workers and the primary reasons for turnover of nonfamily workers; and measured the net effect (positive or negative) of all these three on the organization performance. The study adopted a quantitative research design and randomly selected 154 respondents out of the 250 employees, questionnaire was distributed and only 150 were properly returned. The response rate of the study was 97%. Descriptive analysis showed that family members' role has a positive effect, correlation analysis also shows a positive relationship between turnover of nonfamily worker and firm performance and the result of regression analysis also shows that all the independent variables had a high contribution to the dependent variable (firm performance). From the findings of the study recommendations, conclusions and suggestions are provided.Item The Effect of Organizational Culture on Organizational Performance: the Case of Slected Polytechnic Colleges(Addis Ababa Uinversity, 2026-06-02) Petros Simon; Dejene T.Analyzing the organizational culture effect on organizational performance in case of selected polytechnic colleges was the main objective of the study. Involvement, Consistency, Adaptability and Mission were the four element of the organizational culture and visualized based on Denison’s Model. The study particularly intended to assure in some selected polytechnic colleges; the degree to which organizational culture affects non-financial performance of using BSC for the measurement of its non-financial performance. 286 employees of some selected polytechnic colleges were the target population of this study and used stratified sampling for population distribution. The primary data was collected through questionnaire in order to achieve the above objectives. The study generated quantitative data using SPSS version of 25 which was analyzed using descriptive analysis with Measure of Central Tendency and inferential analysis using Pearson correlation matrix and multiple regression models after the study distributed structured questionnaires and collected data through survey research strategy. The result of analysis 0.711(71.1%) was the study established multiple coefficient correlation between organizational culture and organizational performance. The study concludes that in selected polytechnic colleges such as Tegbareid Polytechnic College, Nefas Silk Polytechnic College, Tafari Mekonnen Polytechnic Colleges and General Wingate Polytechnic College organizational culture has significant positive effect on organizational performance. Therefore, the study concludes that in some selected polytechnic colleges; all basic components of organizational culture affect organizational performance and in order to ensure sustainable growth the researcher recommends some selected polytechnic colleges to have a system that helps the colleges to create and maintain strong organizational culture consistentlyItem The Effect of E-Banking Service Quality on Customer Satisfaction in Commercial Bank of Ethiopia (CBE): The Case of Selected Grade Four Branch Customers(Addis Ababa Uinversity, 2025-10-02) Kassahun Assefa; Elias BerhanuThe objective of this study is to assess the effect of electronic banking service quality on customer satisfaction mainly focused on major types of Electronic banking service delivered to customers in selected branches of Commercial Bank of Ethiopia in Yeka Addis Ababa District.All selected branches are grade 4 branches. Grade 4 branches at the Commercial Bank of Ethiopia (CBE) are high-level, high-volume branches (e.g., Jimma Main) characterized by extensive staff hierarchies, including specialized business and quality managers. These, along with other high-grade branches, are strategically located in major cities like Addis Ababa to manage substantial, high transaction customer bases. Based on the general objective, the study has also established five specific objectives and explored each in depth. . This study was an explanatory study of the purpose and/or study design. Qualitative and quantitative research approaches were used. The sample size consists of 120 CBE customers. I collected information using structured surveys. The researchers developed a questionnaire in two sections. Inference and descriptive data analysis techniques were used. From the analysis of the collected data, the findings showed that fund transfer, cash withdrawal, bill payment, buying goods, and service are the major service alternatives available to the customer once they have started to use digital banking. In addition, it is also assured in the study that the bank provides e- banking service to its customers using alternative channels of ATM, mobile banking, internet banking, CBE birr and point of sales. According to the respondents: minimum costs, comfort and time saving, better cash management, faster way of undertaking banking transactions are some of the benefits they obtain utilizing digital banking. Moreover they have positive attitude for the service of electronic banking delivered by the bank. According to sampled customer and key informants, absence of suitable legal and regulatory framework, infrastructure, security issue, and service design with respect to local languages alternative and unable to print receipt of online transactions are among the major challenges of digital- banking service delivered by CBE in the study area. According to the findings; invest in advance technology, create awareness of e banking among users, enhancing the service accessibility, prepare training for all staffs who have direct relation with the customers and formulating policy and procedures for dealing with transaction error , fraud and system malfunction are recommendationsItem The Effects of Ieadership StyIe on EmpIoyee Motivation in SeIected OiI SuppIier in Ethiopia(Addis Ababa University, 2026-06-02) Bersisa Ensesu; Amare AbawaThis study investigated the effects of leadership styles on employee motivation in a selected oil supplier in Ethiopia. The objective was to determine how transformational and transactional leadership behaviors relate to and predict employee motivation, and to provide evidence-based recommendations for leadership and human resource practice. A quantitative cross-sectional survey was administered to a sample of 239 employees; 230 valid questionnaires were returned (96% response rate). Respondents were profiled by gender, age, education, marital status and work experience. Leadership styles and employee motivation were measured with standard Likert-scale items. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression (enter method) were used to analyze relationships and predictive contributions. Assumptions for regression (linearity, multicollinearity, normality, homoscedasticity) were checked and met. Descriptive analyses showed generally high mean scores for transformational (aggregate mean = 3.705), transactional (aggregate mean = 3.883) leadership items, and for employee motivation (aggregate mean = 3.801). Correlation analysis revealed strong, positive and significant relationships between each leadership style and employee motivation (Transformational r = .781, Transactional r = .643; p < .01). Multiple regression indicated that the two leadership styles collectively explained 68.2% of variance in employee motivation (R = .826, R2 = .682, F(2,226)=161.48, p < .001). Transformational leadership was the strongest unique predictor (B = .428, Beta = .504, p < .001), followed by Transactional (B = .240, Beta = .212, p < .001) .The findings demonstrate that leadership style is a major determinant of employee motivation in the studied organization. Transformational leadership has the largest effect. Organizations should therefore prioritize transformational leadership development while retaining clear transactional systems. One key actionable recommendation: leadership development programs emphasizing transformational competencies should be implemented immediatelyItem Examining the Influence of Internal Social Responsibility on Employee Turnover Intention in Sierra Leone’s Banking Sector: Mediating the Effect of Job Satisfaction and Moderating the Effect of Organizational Commitment. (Case Study: - Rokel Commercial Bank (SL) Ltd.)(Addis Ababa University, 2026-04-02) Eunice Sally; Zelalem GebretsadikEmployee retention has become a critical challenge in Sierra Leone's banking sector due to increasing competition for skilled labor, particularly from foreign and Pan-African banks. While many banks invest significantly in external Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activities, limited attention has been given to Internal Social Responsibility (ISR), which focuses on employee welfare through training and development, health and safety, work-life balance, and organizational justice. This study examined the influence of Internal Social Responsibility on employee turnover intention at Rokel Commercial Bank (SL) Ltd, while investigating the mediating role of job satisfaction and the moderating role of organizational commitment. The study was anchored on the Social Exchange Theory. A quantitative, explanatory, and cross-sectional research design was employed. Data were collected from permanent employees of Rokel Commercial Bank branches within the Western Area of Sierra Leone using a structured questionnaire. The study adopted stratified random sampling to ensure representation across management and non-management staff categories. Data were analyzed using advanced statistical techniques, including Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and Hayes' Conditional Process Analysis, to test both mediation and moderation effects. The findings revealed that Internal Social Responsibility significantly influences employee turnover intention. Employees who perceived higher levels of ISR practices reported greater job satisfaction and lower intentions to leave the organization. The results further indicated that job satisfaction serves as a significant mediating mechanism through which ISR affects turnover intention. Additionally, organizational commitment was found to moderate the relationship between job satisfaction and turnover intention, such that employees with higher levels of commitment exhibited lower intentions to leave even when job satisfaction declined. The study concludes that Internal Social Responsibility is a strategic human resource management tool capable of enhancing employee retention in Sierra Leone's banking sector. It recommends that Rokel Commercial Bank and other financial institutions prioritize employee-centered policies, including career development opportunities, fair treatment, workplace safety, and work-life balance initiatives. The study contributes to the limited literature on ISR in Sierra Leone and provides empirical evidence supporting the application of a moderated-mediation framework in understanding employee retention behavior within developing economiesItem Examining the Impact of Service Quality Dimensions on Customer Satisfaction on Digital Banking: an Empirical Study of Abyssinia Bank, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia(Addis Ababa University, 2026-01-02) Hiwot Abadi; Meskerem MitikuDigital banking is transforming the financial landscape globally, and Abyssinia Bank in Ethiopia stands at the forefront of this change. This research investigated customer experiences with digital banking services at Abyssinia Bank in Addis Ababa, collecting data from 359 customers. This study explores the impact of service quality dimension’s reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy on customer satisfaction in digital banking services. The study found that consistent system performance and quick problem resolution were the strongest drivers of customer satisfaction, while security assurances and personalized service had a surprisingly limited impact. Frequent technical issues, especially during peak times, along with delayed transaction processing and insufficient status updates, led to significant customer frustration. These findings suggest that Ethiopian banking customers prioritize functional reliability over emotional connection in digital channels. The study offers actionable insights for digital banking strategy development in emerging African markets, indicating that investments in technical infrastructure and operational efficiency may yield greater customer satisfaction returns than enhanced security features or relationship-building initiativesItem Factors Affecting the Performance of Small and Medium Manufacturing Enterprises: in the Case of Kirkos Sub-City Administration(Addis Ababa University, 2026-06-02) Shegaw Misene; Challa AmdissaSmall and medium manufacturing enterprises (SMMEs) play vital role in economic development, employment creation and poverty reduction in Ethiopia. However, their performance is constrained by several internal and external challenges. This study examined the internal and external factors affecting the performance of small and medium manufacturing enterprises (SMMEs) in Kirkos Sub-city, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. It assessed the influence of managerial skills, technology adoption, working premises, marketing strategies, access to finance, market access, the regulatory environment and economic stability on the productivity, competitiveness, and sustainability of manufacturing SMMEs. The study employed a mixed exploratory–descriptive research design. Data were collected from 199 owners and managers of manufacturing SMMEs using structured questionnaires. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were used using SPSS software. The findings of the study showed that internal factors managerial skills and technology adoption influenced enterprises' performance positively. However, the external factors such as access to finance, infrastructure and regulatory constraints affected business growth and sustainability negatively. Managerial skills and technology adoption were identified as major challenges limiting enterprise competitiveness. The study concluded that SMME manufacturing performance is dependent on internal and external factors. If there are no supportive institutional and economic environments, then improving managerial competencies and technology adoption are insufficient. Therefore, the study recommends strengthening of entrepreneurship and managerial training programs, improving access to affordable finance, simplification of regulatory procedures and expansion of infrastructure and market support services to enhance the long-term performance and sustainability of manufacturing SMMEs.Item Exploring Consumer Narratives of Traditional and Modern Clothing in Addis Ababa: an Interpretivist Study ADDIS(Addis Ababa University, 2026-06-02) Leul Taye; Meskerem MitikuThis study explored how consumers in Addis Ababa construct and narrate meaning around traditional and modern clothing, and how those meanings shape clothing choices across different social contexts. The study aimed to understand what clothing signifies to urban Ethiopian consumers, how personal histories and social interactions shape those meanings, which situational contexts drive choices between traditional and imported clothing, and what those findings mean for local producers and policymakers. Thirty participants were interviewed using a life-history approach, drawn from a wide range of ages, genders, occupations, and migration backgrounds across three market sites: Shero Meda, Merkato, and Shola. Observation sessions ran alongside the interviews at all three sites. Trustworthiness was established through triangulation, member checking, peer debriefing, and reflexive journaling. identity, ceremony, and ethnic pride. Modern and imported clothing functions as social currency signaling professionalism and aspiration. A consistent set of situational rules governs when each type fits. Life turning points such as migration and career entry restructure how people relate to clothing over time. A persistent gap exists between the desire to support local production and what people actually buy. Three broader patterns ran across the dataset: a dual wardrobe logic most participants lived without questioning, an aspiration-constraint tension felt most sharply by younger participants, and a migration recalibration narrative among those who moved to Addis Ababa from other parts of Ethiopia. The findings show that locally produced modern clothing lacks a clear design identity and carries almost no visible Ethiopian character, placing it in a weak market position between traditional and imported clothing. The desire most participants expressed to support local production is genuine but largely inactive, waiting for products and occasions that make acting on it feel like a real choice. These findings carry direct implications for local designers, retailers, and policymakers who want to grow the domestic clothing market by engaging the cultural and symbolic dimensions of consumer behavior that production-side investment alone has not reached.Item Assessment of Performance of Ethiopia’s Special Economic Zones Under the Home-Grown Economic Reform Agenda: Evidence from Employment and Exports in Selected SEZs (2017 – 2025)(Addis Ababa University, 2026-06-01) Feven Mulugeta; Challa AmdissaThis study examined the performance of Special Economic Zones (SEZs) in Ethiopia under the Home-Grown Economic Reform Agenda focusing on employment and export outcomes as well as a discussion on social and environmental changes. It aimed to assess the performance of SEZs under HGER by analysing measurable economic results and briefly discussing institutional and operational changes that shaped these outcomes. In doing so, the study aimed to address a gap in existing studies which focus on evaluating SEZ performance with limited indicators without consideration of recent policy reforms and implementation dynamics. The research used mixed methods approach combining quantitative analysis that focused on examining employment and export performance and qualitative analysis that looked into how the reforms were experienced and implemented in practice. Both approaches compared pre reform (2017 – 2019) and post reform (2020 – 2025) periods. For the quantitative analysis descriptive statistics were complemented by econometric analysis using a fixed effects panel model that removes permanent differences across SEZs ensuring the estimated effect is driven by changes over time rather than structural differences between zones and across time. For the qualitative analysis document review and a semi structured interview with relevant stakeholders was used to assess the perceived impact of HGER measures on SEZ operations, incentives and support provided, challenges and opportunities and social and environmental considerations. In total, 14 semi structured interviews were conducted across three selected SEZs including Hawassa, Bole Lemi and Adama, involving SEZ managers, workers representatives and government officials. The findings show that average employment and export levels were higher in the post reform period with employment increasing by approximately 53 percent and exports by approximately 105 percent on average relative to the pre reform period. However, these changes fluctuated across zones and time suggesting that the study does not provide strong evidence to attributable measurable performance improvements directly to the reforms. The qualitative findings helped explain this pattern by showing that there are gradual improvements in things related to governance, institutional coordination and social and environmental standards but structural challenges related to infrastructure inefficiencies, foreign exchange constraints, logistical issues and labour related problems persist limiting performance and contributing to the fluctuations observed in the quantitative results. The findings suggest that the reforms may have contributed to improvements in the institutional and operational environment of SEZs although their measurable economic effects remain unclear highlighting the need for continued institutional strengthening and improved policy coordItem Determinants of Customer Satisfaction on Public Service Delivery: in Case of Ethiopia Immigration and Citizenship Service(Addis Ababa University, 2026-05-01) Zeleke Alemu; Desalegn Amlakuinstitutions understand that service delivery and customer satisfaction are key determinants of organizational effectiveness, public trust and service efficiency. The study designed to evaluate the impact of service quality dimensions on customer satisfaction. The research identified the most significant problems affecting customer satisfaction such as delay in service delivery, lack of responsiveness, inadequate complaint resolution system, lack of information sharing, and lack of customer-oriented service practices. The study also found that the institution is facing lack of training opportunities and weak accountability systems, which negatively affect the quality of services and customer satisfaction. The study adopted a descriptive research design and utilized both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The researcher used primary and secondary sources of data. The customer of ICS is unknown, and it is difficult to determine exactly. As a result, the researcher was used sample size determination formula in case of infinite population, the researcher distributed 385 questionnaires for customers, from this, 373 were returned properly completed and the remaining questionnaires were not returned or incomplete. Respondents were selected by using convenience-sampling technique. The results of the study showed that empathy, reliability, and responsiveness had positive and significant effects on customer satisfaction. Empathy was the strongest predictor of customer satisfaction, indicating that customers greatly value individualized attention and understanding and caring service from employees. Tangibility had a negative and significant relationship with customer satisfaction suggesting dissatisfaction with physical facilities and the service environment. However, assurance had a positive but statistically insignificant effect on customer satisfaction. The finding of the study recommends that Ethiopian Immigration and Citizenship Service should improve customer centered service delivery, facilitate employee-training programs, enhance responsiveness and enhance the physical service environment. The institution should also develop effective complaint handling mechanisms, improve accountability systems and regularly assess service quality to improve overall customer satisfaction.Item Work Environment and Employee Job Satisfaction: The Mediating Role of Work Motivation in the Banking Sector(Addis Ababa University, 2026-05-23) Kalkidan Samuel; Jemal MohammedThe aim of this study is to examine the effect of work environment on employee job satisfaction through work motivation as a mediating variable at Commercial Bank of Ethiopia, New Building Headquarters. The study is grounded in the positivist paradigm and employed a quantitative approach with a survey design. The total population of the study is 3765, from which a sample of 362 respondents were selected using Taro Yamane’s (1967) sample size determination formula. A proportional stratified sampling technique was used to ensure the representativeness of the sample to the population. The study includes three variables: independent (predictor variable), dependent (measured variable) and mediator variable. In addition demographic variables such as age, gender, educational level, job position, and work experience were collected to describe the respondents. Age, gender, and job position were used as control variables in the regression analysis and as grouping variables in t-test, ANOVA and post hoc to analyze differences in employee job satisfaction across demographic groups. Primary data was collected using a questionnaire adapted from the Work environment Questionnaire, Minnesota Job Satisfaction Questionnaire and Work motivation scale. Data was analyzed using Pearson correlation, multiple regression analysis, independent sample t-tests, one-way ANOVA, post hoc tests and mediation analysis. Face and content validity were evaluated by experts, and internal consistency reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha. Ethical principles, including informed consent, confidentiality, and anonymity, were observed.Item Determinants of Financial Performance of Private Commercial Bank in the Case of Different Banks(Addis Ababa University, 2026-05-23) Marta Ramet; Dejene TuluThis study examines the determinants of financial performance of commercial banks in Ethiopia by using panel data of seven sample private banks out of thirteen commercial banks operated in Ethiopia over the period 2010-2024. Since the data is secondary in nature, the quantitative approach to research was used. Besides, the random effect model was used. Financial performance was measured through return on assets, return on equity, and net interest margin. The studies were conducted pooled ordinary least squares, fixed effects, and random effects regression models, with model selection being determined by the Hausman specification test. The findings suggests that capital adequacy, liquidity management, digital banking adoption, environmental, social and governance (ESG) practices, and corporate governance have a strong and statistically significant positive impact on the financial performance of Ethiopian private commercial banks, measured by ROA, ROE, and NIM. Bank size significantly increases ROE and NIM, pointing to the existence of scale economies, while its impact on ROA is less stable. Macroeconomic conditions are important, as GDP growth positively affects profitability, whereas inflation has a consistently negative and significant impact on all performance indicators. Digital banking adoption stands out as an essential factor of profitability, especially for ROE and NIM, which implies that technological innovation brings about efficiency and revenue gains. As a whole, the findings validate that bank, specific, institutional, technological, sustainability, and macroeconomic factors together account for the variations in bank financial performance..Item Determinants of Customer Adoption of Digital Banking: A Customer-Level Analysis in an Interest-Free Bank: Evidence From Hijra Bank Ethiopia(Addis Ababa University, 2026-06-01) Zebiba Fedlu; Tilahun Teklu. The factors that influence customers' digital banking adoption decisions in interest-free banks were explored in this research with the digital literacy, customer trust, customer awareness and preference for cash as variables. A quantitative cross sectional survey design was employed in the study and it targeted the customers of Bethel Ansar Branch of Hijra Bank in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Data were gathered from 120 customers, analyzed through descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, correlation and multiple linear regression, using a structured questionnaire. Overall, the regression model was significant, explaining a fairly large amount of the variance in digital banking adoption. Both digital literacy and customers' trust were factors that positively influenced adoption, with trust having the greater influence. Customer awareness did not have significant influence on adoption, whereas cash preference had significant positive association with adoption which was opposite to the hypothesized direction. The qualitative results showed that customers primarily use Hijra Bank's digital services to make balance enquiries, cash withdrawals and deposits, but they like to pay out and withdraw money using cash. The study finds that digital literacy and customer trust are the main motives for digital banking adoption in an interest-free banking context, while the preference for cash also influences digital banking adoption behavior in the Ethiopian contextItem The Influence of Social Media Usage on Youth Entrepreneurial Intention: Examining the Mediating Role of Digital Opportunity Recognition: Evidence from Ethiopia(Addis Ababa University, 2026-05-22) Massame Degelo; Habtamu.EYouth unemployment remains an acute problem in Ethiopia, with Addis Ababa experiencing a much higher youth unemployment rate of 27.2%, than the country's average rate. Although social media provides an excellent medium through which young people can learn of business opportunities: Thus, this research examined the effect of social media usage on entrepreneurial intention, mediated by digital opportunity recognition, and differential effects of five dimensions of social media: exposure, social influence, learning, opportunity awareness and identity formation. The design used was a quantitative study using surveys. It included 374 young people in Addis Ababa. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation, simple and multiple linear regression analysis, and mediation analysis using Hayes PROCESS macro for SPSS with 5000 bootstrap samples. Social media usage positively correlates to entrepreneurial intention (r=0.394, p<0.001), explaining 15.5% of variance of it. Digital opportunity recognition partially mediated between the relationship (indirect effect =0.0283, 95%CI) explaining 11.7% of total effect. The usage perceived accessibility significantly predicts entrepreneurial intention ( =0.269, p<0.001, R=0.077). Among five social media dimensions, collectively they explain 32.4% of the variance of entrepreneurial intention (R=0.324, F(5,368)=35.31, p<0.001). Social influence is the most significant predictors of entrepreneurial intention ( =0.299, p<0.001), followed by identity formation ( =0.265, p<0.001) and learning ( =0.168, p=0.001). Exposure ( =0.054, p=0.259) and opportunity ( =0.095, p=0.054) were found not to have significant effects which may relate to that a proactive action has greater effects than that of a passive one. On the theoretical front, this paper has provided evidence that entrepreneurial intention is partly mediated by recognition of opportunity in a digital environment, expanding Theory of Planned Behavior and Social Cognitive Theory to a digital entrepreneurship context in developing countries. On a practical front, the research results support the National Entrepreneurship strategy (2020-2025) and Digital Ethiopia 2025 by promoting learning through peers, developing identity and learning in future studies, researchers should XIII incorporate other mediators like entrepreneurial self-efficacy and attitude, and use longer time horizons.Item Generative Ai Adoption and Future Organizational Performance In Management Consulting Firms: The Dual Mediating Roles of Exploratory and Exploitative Innovation, and the Moderating Effects of Organizational Agility and Ethical Dilemmas — Evidence from Ethiopia(Addis Ababa University, 2026-05-01) Natnael Kebede; Zelalem G/TsadikThe rapid advancement of Generative AI and its integrations within organizational operations have transformed how businesses operate and compete in dynamic markets. Despite this, empirical evidence on its effect on organizational performance remains limited. This study aimed to assess the effect of GenAI adoption (GA) on future organizational performance (OP) in the context of management consulting firms, while examining the mediating role of exploitative innovation (EXPLT) and exploratory innovation (EXPLR), as well as the moderating role of organizational agility (AGI) and ethical dilemmas (ETH). A quantitative approach was employed targeting 242 respondents from management consulting firms in Ethiopia, of which 219 responded (90.5% response rate). Data was collected using pre-tested questionnaires and analyzed using Smart PLS version 4.1.1.8. The measurement model of the study was validated using standard validity and reliability tests, while bootstrapping was used to test the significance of the structural model. The findings reveal that GenAI adoption has a positive significant effect on exploratory innovation, exploitative innovation and future organizational performance. The study also found that both exploratory and exploitative innovations each act as complementary partial mediators of the positive relationship between GenAI adoption and future organizational performance. In addition, organizational agility has been found to have a strengthening moderating effect on the relationship between GenAI adoption and exploratory innovation, exploitative innovation and future organizational performance, whereas the moderating effect of ethical dilemmas was found to be insignificant suggesting that ethical dilemmas neither amplify nor weaken the relationship in this context. These findings imply that adoption of GenAI contributes to improved future organizational performance both directly and indirectly through exploitative and exploratory innovation. This can further be strengthened when organizations have higher level of agility.Item The Effect of Corporate Governance on Organization Performance: in Case of Zemen Bank S.C(Addis Ababa University, 2026-05-03) Gashaw Alem; Habtamu EndrisThe main purpose of this study was to assess the influence of corporate governance practices on organizational performance.it assessed the effects of board size, composition of the board. Frequency of board meetings, and inferential design or an explanatory research design has been used, and the target population comprised all 438 employees of Zemen Bank S.C. a stratified sampling approach was employed, and data were collected through questionnaires. To be reliable 10 respondents of pilot testy at the head office were conducted. With Cranach’s Alpha setup to check internal reliability. A multiple regression model used to determine the association between dependent and independent variable .The study revealed that organization offers orientation and direction prior to board meetings members of the board received and prior to the decision made enough time allotted for discussion. The study further found that smaller boards tend to enhance firm performance, and gender-balanced boards contribute positively to organizational effectiveness. It was also established that decision-making during annual general meetings was prioritized to ensure smooth operations in the next financial year. Additionally, increases in board size, board composition quality, and meeting frequency were found to positively influence the performance of Zemen Bank S.C.The study suggests that the chief executive officer and strategy formulation in the bank have to enhance corporate governance mechanisms and preserve the organizational performance. The study’s offers significant for developing policy formulation, they serving as important information shareholders and top managers in both state owned and private commercial banks in Ethiopia. The study also provides a significant foundation for academics and researchers who fascinated in move on corporate governance theory and exploring developments in governance structures.Item The Influence of Digital Transformation on Banking Service Performance at the Bank of Abyssinia(Addis Ababa University, 2025-06-02) Rediet Girma; Abera LegesseDigital transformation has emerged as a highly significant concern for organisations trying to enhance their efficiency and performance. This study investigates the effect of digital transformation on the banking service performance of Bank of Abyssinia with respect to automation, digital documentation, and real-time tracking of processes while paying attention to the influence of infrastructure and organisational policies. A mixed-methods approach was utilised in this study. Questionnaires were used to collect quantitative data, whereas qualitative data were gathered via semi-structured interviews and surveys. Statistical analysis of the data involved descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, multiple regression, hierarchical regression, and thematic analysis. It was found that automation, digitization, and real-time tracking had a positive impact on Banking service performance, with real-time tracking being the strongest predictor. The regression analysis showed that the model accounted for 60.5% of variance in Banking service performance. Organisational policy and infrastructure did not act as a moderator of the impact of digital transformation on banking service performance. Qualitative data proved the findings from the quantitative data analysis; the results indicated that digital transformation positively impacts the efficiency of operations, access to information, ability to monitor transactions, and delivery of services. However, customer reluctance, lack of digital literacy, security issues, and technical barriers emerged as obstaclesItem Factors Affecting Employee Performance in a Competitive Telecommunications Market(Addis Ababa University, 2026-06-02) Abel Abreha; Demeke ChimdessaThe telecoms market in Ethiopia was a fast-changing place. Safaricom sat in like a kid in a sweetshop, and suddenly what was once a monopolist; Ethio Telecom; had to take seriously what competitiveness really meant. This report seeks to establish six HR factors that may account for variation in performance between some workers versus others in five Addis Ababa zone offices of Ethio Telecom. These were: Motivation; Training & Development, Leadership Style; Compensation & Benefits; Work Environment; and Organizational Culture. These factors were used as a practically hypothesized Strategic HR Bundle; then any one item wasn’t so important as the fact that the six used as a bundle explained performance variation. 340 staff surveys were completed (343 issued, 340 returned 99.1%) and analyzed in SPSS. A Likert five-point scale was used. Variance explained was around 53.2% (R = 730, R squared = 532 Adjusted R squared = 524, 6,333) ANOVA < .001. Training & Development was the most significant predictor (β = .245, p < .001). The next best were Organization (β = .159), Motivation (β = .152), Leadership Style (β = .139) and Work Environment (β = .129). Compensation & Benefits was not significant (β = .069, p = .129) though it was the most poorly rated variable in the survey (M = 2.799). Five of the six hypotheses were supported. The main points for the Ethio Telecom boss fix the training first structural intractability in compensation is a ticking bomb. Cultural flexibility is the gap which could be destructive down the line.