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Item Impact of Diversification on Bank Performance: Empirical Evidence from Ethiopian Private Commercial Banks(A.A.U, 2024-06-02) Abel Betru; Habtamu Berhanu (PhD)The objective of this study was to examine the impact of income and loan portfolio diversification on bank performance among private commercial banks in Ethiopia. For attaining this research objective, the study followed a quantitative research approach and an explanatory research design. Thus, data was collected for both independent and dependent variables: measures of bank income and loan portfolio diversification, and measures of bank performance from 16 private commercial banks for the study period 2017 to 2022. The study used econometric models to examine the impact of income and loan portfolio diversification on banks’ performance. The study found that income diversification into interest and non-interest income sources positively impacts profitability and reduces bank risk. The overall impact of income diversification on bank performance was found to be positive and statistically significant. The study also found that noninterest income diversification into fees and commissions income and other non-interest income sources has a negative impact on profitability and increases bank risk. The overall impact of noninterest income diversification on bank performance was found to be negative and statistically significant. With respect to loan portfolio diversification, the study found that naïve loan portfolio diversification was found to have a negative impact on profitability and bank risk. Similarly, loan portfolio diversification against the loan market benchmark portfolio was also found to have a negative impact on both profitability and bank risk. The overall impact of naïve loan portfolio diversification and loan portfolio diversification against the market benchmark portfolio on bank performance was found to be indeterminate without deciding what is considered an efficient tradeoff between profitability and credit risk.Item The Effect of Motivation on Employees Performance at Ethiopian Roads Administration(A.A,U, 2024-06-11) Abel Tadesse; Tilahun Teklu (PhD)Motivation is regarded as one of the most significant factors influencing high performance in any company. Particularly, intrinsic and extrinsic motivational factors are taken as motivation system to encourage employees to perform at their optimum performance. Thus, the purpose of this research was to examine the effect of motivation on the performance of employees in Ethiopia, taking evidence from the Ethiopian Roads Administration. Methodologically, for this particular study, mixed research approach was employed. Descriptive and an explanatory research design were employed since it describes the intended scenario and responds to the questions of why and how employee motivation affects their performance respectively. Simple Random sampling technique is used to select the target sample. A survey was conducted using Questionnaire and semi-structured interview to gather relevant primary data among the 300 target sample. Secondary data is acquired from internet, brochures and publications. The collected data was then analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science software. Accordingly, descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, percent and frequency are conducted and inferential statistics such as correlation, multiple regression and ANOVA analysis had been done. Pearson correlation method is used to test the relation between the dependent and independent variable and multiple-regression test is conducted to test the predictability of the dependent variable by the independent variable and test hypothesis. The findings of the analysis illustrate that, all the motivational factors had significant positive relationship with employee performance. Besides, the results of the multiple regression analysis revealed that, the dependent variable had been significantly influenced by the linear combination of all the independent variables taken into account in the present study. The output of A NOVA test also suggested that the predictability of the dependent variable by the independent variable is significant. According to the findings of the beta coefficient analyses, extrinsic factors are the most significant factor that has a substantial impact on an employee's performance. In general, as per the results of the study, ERA should stress more on the extrinsic factors in order to increase the performance of its employees to a satisfactory level.Item Factors Affecting Real Estate Market Development in The Case of Gift Real Estate(A.A.U, 2023-12-11) Bahru Gizachew; Meskerem Mitiku (PhD)The main purpose of the study is to examine the factors affecting the development of real estate market in the case of Gift real estate in Addis Ababa. So as to meet this objective, the study descriptive and explanatory research designs were deployed. The target population of the study was Gift real estate who are currently operating in Addis Ababa City. Respondents were selected from Gift real estate consisting of the real estate heads and employees of the sales and marketing departments. A total of 180 respondents were selected as a respondent of this study purposively. Close-ended structured questionnaire with 7 constructs and 35 questions was utilized as instrument of the data collection. The variables incorporated in the study was measured using the five-point Likert scale. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and regression analysis techniques The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24 was utilized to analyze the data. Out of the distributed 180-questionnaire 166 questionnaires were collected back properly filed. Thus, the questionnaire response rate was 92.2 percent, which is adequate to produce reliable output. According to the descriptive analysis results, financial, cost related, infrastructural, affordability, quality and location factors have considerable relation with real estate market development. The correlation analysis result showed that there exist positive and statistically significant association between real estate market development and the six explanatory variables. The multiple regression analysis result also revealed that financial factor and infrastructural factors as supply side factors have positive and statistically significant effect on the development of real estate market. On the other hand, affordability, quality and location factors influence the real estate market development positively and statistically significantly as demand side factors.Therefore, it is recommended that policymakers and the government of Ethiopia should create acts that would positively govern matters regarding property tax, lending interest rates and inflation rate as well as land related laws that would facilitate the attraction of more investors in the real estate industry. Key words: real estate market, finance, infrastructure, affordability, quality, locationItem Factors Affecting Lease Financing Practices of Manufacturing Industries: The Case of Medium Manufacturing Enterprises in Addis Ababa(A.A.U., 2024-06-09) Aberham Kassahun; Degefe Duressa (PhD)ABSTRACT With a focus on demand-side issues that prevent medium manufacturing enterprise from participating in lease financing, this study sought to evaluate the factors influencing the lease financing practices of medium-sized manufacturing enterprises in Addis Ababa. The study Uses primary and secondary data as supporting evidence. The research population's respondents were selected using a straightforward random sampling technique. Based on this, 381 sample medium manufacturing enterprises were selected from the 8,152 medium manufacturing enterprises that make up the entire research population within Addis Ababa medium manufacturing enterprises. The factors identified as those affecting the lease financing practices of the enterprises were procedures and processes, awareness creation, availability of facilities, credit worthiness. The findings of the study demonstrated that medium manufacturing enterprises’ practice of lease financing are significantly affected the mentioned factors. The effect significant awareness about lease financing and procedures and processes has a positive correlation with the participation level of enterprises. procedure of lease financing and creditworthiness of enterprises can have a significant correlation with participation level of enterprises in lease financing. Therefore, in order to increase medium manufacturing enterprises’ participation in lease financing, government and nongovernmental organizations should support the training of medium manufacturing enterprises’ managers, raise awareness about lease financing services, make working premises available, and improve the availability of electricity in the study area.Item The Causes and Consequences of Squatter Settlements in Addis Ababa City Administration: The Case of Lemikura Sub-City(A.A.U, 2024-06-05) Alayu Alemu; Jemal Abdigasa (PhD)The purpose of this study is to assess the causes and consequences of squatter settlements in Addis Ababa City Administration in the case of Lemikura Sub-city. To conduct this study, the descriptive types of research method was employed. A total of 103 informal settlers were involved as sample respondents in the study. The research utilized both probability sampling (particularly simple random sampling) and non-probability (particularly purposive sampling) approach and then sample respondents were selected on the basis of simple random sampling techniques because this technique gives equal chance of being selected from the population. the leader, team leaders were selected by purposive because the major source of data gathering process. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics such as frequency count, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test and p-value respectively. Data were analyzed using the “Statistical Package for the Social Sciences” (SPSS) version 25 software. The finding shows that, land supply, and the demand for quality housing is not balanced in this sub city. Addressing these issues will require a comprehensive and multifaceted approach that involves government, developers, and other stakeholders. Furthermore, most respondents have a moderate-sized plot (between 151-250 square meters) and there is also a significant range of plot sizes. The result of the study indicated that, the minority of respondents who do not have an intention to legalize their plot size may be more resistant to change or may have specific concerns or challenges that need to be addressed.in addition, the majority of the respondents previously lived inside the town and this indicating that the majority of the sample has a strong connection to the town. Furthermore, inappropriate regulatory frameworks, bad urban governance and corruption, unrealistic urban planning, unattainable building standards for most people, rising rent of housing and high social costs, ineffective system and practice of control over illegal construction and delayed responses and procedural setbacks of the formal land provision and strong temptations for land speculation are among the major causes and consequences for the rapid informal settle. On the basis of these findings, the study recommends that, Lemikura Sub-city together with other relevant government bodies need to give attention on bringing the existing illegal settlers to enter in to legalization and affordability of infrastructure and houses, co-operation tasks are part of real implementation of the urban plan and settlement. Therefore, the town administration in general and Lemikura Sub-city in particular needs to be cooperating with governmental and non- governmental organization.Item The Impact of E-Service Quality on Customer Behavior: A Case Study of E-Birr Mobile Financial Service Company, Ethiopia(A.A.U, 2024-06-03) Habtamu Wubhareg; Ethiopia Legesse (PhD)With the advent of technology, businesses are changing their business processes and their interactions with customers. In recent years, the quality of e-services has become an important factor influencing customer behavior on the online market. The study examines the impact of e-service quality on Customer behavior focusing on a case of study of on Ethiopian mobile financial services Company . The study aims to analyze the relationship between the quality of electronic services and the behavior of customers and assess how these factors affect each other. For this purpose, explanatory research was used as the main research design to examine how the quality of services affects customer behavior in the case of the Ethiopian E-Birr mobile financial services company. The methodology used for this case study was to collect primary data through surveys of customers who used E-Birr mobile financial services. The results show that the quality of the electronic service has a significant impact on customer behavior and increases trust, satisfaction, loyalty and intention to use the electronic service. Finally, the findings of the study demonstrate how the quality of e-services directly affects various aspects of customer behavior in the context of online financial services, such as the building mechanism of trust through website design elements, responsive customer service, robust security measures and personalized experiences. The researchers suggest that understanding the impact of electronic services on customer behavior is crucial to business such as the E-Birr mobile financial services company, which improves its online presence, establishes strong relationships with customers, and ultimately drives business growthItem The Effect of Credit Management on Bank Performance: in the Case of Zemen Bank(A.A.U., 2022-04-06) Kalkidan Haileyesus; Alem Hagos (PhD)This research study is about analyzing the effect of credit management on bank performance. The study critically assessed the effects of credit management on Zemen bank performance. A descriptive survey design and an explanatory research design were used in this study. Data was gathered in both qualitative and quantitative formats. Interviews were used to obtain qualitative data, which was summarized, and questionnaires were used to collect quantitative data, which was analyzed using descriptive and inferential analysis methods. The sampling was done with a purposeful sampling strategy. As already stated Primary, data was gathered from respondents via questionnaires and interviews, while secondary data was gathered via the bank's annual reports, directives, and bulletins. The independent variables and dependent variable (performance) have a positive connection, according to the findings. Credit processing and assessment, loan default, and collection policy all have a significant impact on performance. Credit monitoring and management, as well as credit policies and practices, have a moderate impact on performance. Both of these variables have a lot of weight. The bank's credit creation, policy, and process are flexible, the credit analysis and procedure are outstanding, and the bank has a moderate procedure that aids in performance enhancement, according to data analysis on credit creation, policy, and procedure. The bank should perform periodic loan reviews that address all or at least the majority of presently existing loans, it is also necessary for the bank to improve its credit policies and procedures, which will aid in the reduction of default rates and non-performing loans. As a result, the bank's credit performance will improve, according to one possible recommendation. This is the major internal control that allows the bank to identify the overall credit risk level of the loan and improve loan portfolio management efficiency.Item The Effect of Differentiation Strategy on Customer Retention: The Mediating Role of Customer Satisfaction in The Case of Commercial Banks in Ethiopia(AAU, 2025-01-22) Getasew Tilahun; Lakew Alemu (PhD)It is important for service industry, like banks to understand perceived differentiation strategy that affects customer retention in order to be successful in competitive business environments. The primary goal for the research was assess impact of differentiation strategies dimensions on customer retention, and mediator role of customer satisfaction in case of Ethiopian commercial banks. In particular this study try to examine the effect of service differentiation, product differentiation, personnel differentiation, channel differentiation, image differentiation on customer retention with the mediator role of customer satisfaction. Primary data collected using structural questionnaire from three banks namely CBE, NIB, and BOA. To sample banks and respondents used stratified, simple random, convenience sampling method was employed and distributed 385 questionnaire to three selected banks and 378 questionnaire used to data analysis. The SPSS software version 26 used to Descriptive statistics and EFA analysis and also AMOS version 26 were used to conduct inferential analysis by SEM and CFA model. The result of path analysis show that service differentiation, product differentiation, personnel differentiation, channel differentiation, image differentiation have positive and significant direct effect on customer retention and also these variables have significant and positive effect on customer retention through satisfaction of customer. In addition to this customer satisfaction has mediator role on the relationship between perceived differentiation strategy and customer retention. This study recommend that banks should invest on differentiation strategies to retain their customers and to become profitableItem Determinants of Private Investment(AAU, 2024-11-21) Mahlet Teferi; Yitbarek Takele(PhD)This study examines the determinants of private investment (PI) in the Ethiopian economy. Understanding these macroeconomic dynamics is crucial for policymakers in developing countries, as these variables play a pivotal role in shaping economic trajectories. The study employs a comprehensive analysis, including descriptive statistics, trend analysis, correlation analysis, and distributional analysis and implies ARDL mixed order integrated purpose model of the key variables. The correlation results indicate a moderate positive correlation between inflation and private investment, suggesting that inflationary periods may stimulate investment to some extent as a hedge against price fluctuations. However, the relationship between interest rates and private investment is found to be weaker, highlighting the multifaceted nature of investment decisions. The ARDL results indicate that inflation has a statistically significant positive impact on private investment, suggesting that businesses tend to increase investment as a hedge against rising prices. Also, the interest rate is found to have positive significant effect on private investment. The trend analysis further highlights the dynamic nature of these macroeconomic factors, with notable peaks and troughs in inflation, interest rates, and private investment over time. These insights underscore the need for policymakers to closely monitor and address the complex interplay between these variables. The study's findings call for a comprehensive policy approach that targets both inflation control and interest rate management to foster a conducive environment for private investment and sustainable economic growth in Ethiopia. Policymakers should prioritize measures that promote price stability, maintain competitive interest rates, and create an overall macroeconomic environment that is favorable for private investment and long-term economic developmentItem The Effect of Project Manager’s Transformational Leadership on Project Performance: The Case of Catholic Relief Services Ethiopia(AAU, 2025-02-14) Bitania Tekletsion; Tilahun Teklu (PhD)This thesis examines the impact of transformational leadership on project performance in Catholic Relief Services (CRS) Ethiopia, focusing on inspirational motivation, idealized influence, intellectual stimulation, and individualized consideration. An explanatory research design was used, collecting data from CRS project team members through a self-administered questionnaire. A census approach was applied due to the small population size. Primary data were gathered via a five-point Likert scale, while secondary data were sourced from journals, books, and theses. SPSS v.23 was used for data analysis, including descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression. Findings indicate that transformational leadership practices are perceived as low, while project performance is moderate. Intellectual stimulation, individualized consideration, and inspirational motivation significantly enhance project performance, whereas idealized influence has no significant impact. The study recommends strengthening these leadership aspects to improve project outcomes in CRS EthiopiaItem The Relationship Between Organizational Excellence and Organizational Commitment (In Case of Awash Bank)(AAU, 2024-04-12) Wondimu Adugna; Jemal Mohammed (PhD)This study investigated the relationship between organizational excellence and employee commitment within Awash Bank. Specifically, it examined how organizational excellence practices, measured using the Kanji Business Excellence Model, influence employee commitment across three facets: affective (emotional attachment), normative (obligation to stay), and continuance (lack of better alternatives). A quantitative approach with a correlational design was employed. Data were collected from 228 Awash Bank employees using a self-reported questionnaire encompassing Meyer & Allen's Organizational Commitment scale and Kanji Excellence Model items. Multivariate data analysis (MANOVA) and Pearson correlation coefficients were used to assess the overall relationship and directionality between organizational excellence and commitment facets. Linear regression analysis explored the explanatory power of excellence dimensions on each commitment facet. The findings revealed a significant positive relationship between overall organizational excellence and employee commitment. Leadership and people management practices emerged as key contributors to excellence, significantly impacting affective commitment. Affective and normative commitments were explained by 34.8% and 15.5% of the variance in organizational excellence factors, respectively. Interestingly, while continuance commitment showed a positive association with excellence, the relationship was not statistically significant. The study highlights the importance of prioritizing affective and normative commitment aspects when designing and implementing organizational excellence initiatives at Awash Bank. By fostering strong leadership, effective people management practices, and continuous improvement culture, the bank can cultivate a more engaged and committed workforce, contributing to its long-term success.Item The Effect of Total Quality Management Practices on The Performance of Selected Private Banks Operating in Addis Ababa(AAU, 2024-03-26) Zemenu Walle; Meskerem Mitiku (PhD. Assistant Professor)The major aim of the research paper is to measure the effect of total quality management practices on the performance of selected private banks operating in Addis Ababa. Because of the dynamics of competitive advantages used by service rendering organizations particularly banks and there is no research conducted on the issue in question the researcher was interested to test and assess the effect of total quality management practices on the performance of banks by focusing on four Total quality Management practices (Top management commitment, Customer focus, Employee involvement, and Continuous improvement) were used to measure the performance (Operational performance, Customer satisfaction, Employee Satisfaction, and Market share) of three different banks at a branch level. In order to achieve the aims, mixed method of research with concurrent research design and primary sources of data were used. The data were collected through self-administered questionnaire. Purposive sampling procedure was used to collect data from branch managers; Sampling formula ( Slovin’s formula ) was used to determine the sample size of branch employees. Multiple regressions model and correlation were used to investigate the relationship between dependent and independent variables. The regression test showed that selected practices of TQM have positive effect on performance of selected private banks operating in Addis Ababa. The correlation result indicates that there is a positive correlation between selected practices of TQM and performance of selected private banks operating in Addis Ababa. The research provides that Top management commitment, Customer Focus, Continuous Improvement and Employee Involvement plays the most important role in the performance of banks. The research finding also indicate implementing total quality management practices increase the performance of banks in turn leads to operational performance, customer satisfaction, better market share, and improved employees satisfaction.Item Factors Affecting Organizational Performance During The COVID-19 Pandemic: The Case of Ethiopian Airlines(AAU, 2022-04-27) Helen Meley; Asres Abitie (PhD)This study has tried to assess factors affecting the performance of Ethiopian airlines during the COVID-19 pandemic. The type of research design that has been undertaken in this study was descriptive and explanatory. The selected approach for this research is quantitative method. The research has used primary data type. Five-point Likert scale questionnaire was used to collect data from employees of Ethiopian airlines head office. From 16, 002 employees of Ethiopian airlines, the determined sample size was 390. In this study the researcher has used Convenience sampling method because of its ease of use for a population which is too large. After the data was collected it was analyzed by using both descriptive and inferential statistics tool. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20 was used to analyze quantitative data from questionnaire questions. Descriptive statistics tools were used to find out whether the COVID-19 pandemic was having a negative effect on each of the independent variables (working environment, organizational culture, employee motivation, training, and leadership) and the dependent variable (organizational performance). The descriptive statistics has revealed that all the independent variables and dependent variable were negatively affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Pearson’s correlation and Multiple Linear Regression model were used to determine the relationship between the independent variable with the dependent variable. The correlation analysis result indicated that there was positive relationship between each of the independent variables with the dependent variable. The result of regression analysis implied that COVID-19 pandemic has affected Organizational Performance of Ethiopian Airlines negatively and this is due to changes the pandemic has caused on Working Environment (B=0.398, P=.00), followed by Organizational Culture (B=0.218, P=.00), Employee’s Motivation (B=0.168, P=.004), and Leadership (B=0.140, P=.00) of the company respectively. The pandemic has also affected training programs that used to be provided by the airlines negatively but its contribution to the change on Organizational Performance has shown to be non-significant (B=0.065, P=.157). Owing this, the study concludes that Working environment, Organizational culture, Employee motivation and Leadership predicts Organizational performance of Ethiopian airlines during the COVID-19 pandemic, therefore the airlines should give due attention to the changes the pandemic is causing on each of these factors.Item The Influence of Innovative Strategies on Insurance Penetration in Ethiopia: The Case of Nyala Insurance S.C(AAU, 2024-03-14) Adonay Gebrehiwot Gebreegziabher; Mesfin Fikre (PhD)Insurance drives economic growth by managing risk and channeling funds, insurance companies fuel development in every economy. The insurance industry in Ethiopia suffers from a severely low insurance penetration. The penetration rate of insurance in Ethiopia is estimated at 0.32% which is very low compared to other countries. The study was undertaken to investigate the influence of innovative strategies on insurance penetration in Ethiopia. To foster a better understanding of the study variables the evolutionary theory of economic change was utilized. The study used a mixed research methodology and employed a correlational research design to achieve the research objectives. The study evaluated the influence of innovative strategies on insurance penetration in Ethiopia by measuring the level of implementation of innovative strategies. The study chose to focus on the Nyala Insurance S.C. a consistently high performing insurance company located in Ethiopia. The sampling frame of the study consisted 207 insurance professionals; while the sample was 106 individuals drawn from four departments: claims, finance, marketing, and underwriting department. Data was collected through the use of closed-ended questionnaires. Out of the 106 questionnaires disseminated 102 were duly filled and returned. The various demographic features and results obtained were presented using tables. The data collected was then analyzed and simple linear regression analysis was used to show the relationship between the independent and dependent variable. The findings of the descriptive statistics revealed that the level of implementation of innovative strategies is high but leaves room for more to be desired. The inferential analysis evidenced that innovative strategies have a significant positive influence on insurance penetration. The research delivers clear conclusions, actionable recommendations for future research, and insights for key players like insurance firms, investors, and policymakers in Ethiopia.Item Empirical Investigation on the Relationship between Workplace Ostracism, Knowledge Hoarding, Organizational Climate and Quality of Dyadic Relationship Exchange The Case of Ministry of National Defence of Ethiopia(A.A.U, 2024-01-05) Berasa Belayneh; Zelalem G/Tsadik (PhD)In the knowledge-driven global economy, encouraging exchange of knowledge is essential for organizations development and competitive advantage. On the other hand, social exclusionary practices for instance workplace ostracism and knowledge hoarding prevent knowledge management and impede efficient knowledge flows. While Organizational climate and the quality of dyadic relationship exchanges among employees play an important role in knowledge sharing within organizations by considerably influenceing knowledge management enviroment, work habits and attitudes. This study aimed to examine the relationship between knowledge hoarding as the dependent variable, workplace ostracism as the independent variable, and organizational climate as the mediating variable. Additionally, the study explored the moderating role of quality of dyadic relationship exchange amid workplace ostracism and knowledge hoarding. The research adopted a quantitative approach and utilized a convenient sampling technique to collect data through a survey. The survey questionnaires were administered to the respondents through a Google Form link provided on the daily status report check-up at the Ministry of Defense headquarters. A total of 144 respondents completed the survey, which represented the recommended population size. The data were analyzed using SMARTPLS 4.0 software, specifically employing SEMPLS to assess the model's validity and reliability. The findings confirmed a positive association between workplace ostracism and knowledge hoarding, indicating that employees who experience workplace ostracism are more likely to engage in knowledge hoarding behaviors. The study also highlighted the relationship between workplace ostracism and knowledge hoarding was partially mediated by organizational climate. However, the moderating role of quality of dyadic relationship exchange was found to be statistically insignificant. Although the relationship between workplace ostracism and knowledge hoarding did not significantly vary based on the quality of dyadic relationships, the results still showed parallel slope patterns. This paper provides a detailed analysis of the study's key findings, including path coefficients, specific indirect effects, and total effects, and it discusses the implications of these findings.Item Effect of Relationship Marketing on Customer Loyalty: In Case of Wegagen Bank, South District Addis Ababa(AAU, 2024-02-01) Haftamu Hiluf Gebrerufael; Meskerem Mitiku Ferede (PhD)Any business that lacks an effective marketing staff and tactics will eventually collapse. Bankers need to attract and hold onto profitable clients to stay profitable and have a competitive edge in the market. Without a doubt, relationship marketing is used for this. This study's goal is to find out how relationship marketing affects client loyalty. In the instance of South District Addis Ababa's Wegagen Bank. The first and most significant deficiency stems from the researcher's knowledge base; so far, Wegagen Bank relationship marketing has not been the subject of any research. The dearth of research on the district level was another motivation for this study's conduct. The lack of depth in the literature on relationship marketing, in addition to the aforementioned deficiencies, inspired the investigator to conduct this study. Adding new variables is the other driving force. The researcher is therefore driven to carry out this investigation as a result of these driving forces. An explanatory research design was adopted in this study. Convenience sampling was employed by the researcher to select survey takers from the study's total population of 401. Primary data sources were employed in this investigation. A closed-ended questionnaire with a five-point Likert scale that was taken from earlier research was used to gather the primary data. Because this study takes a quantitative approach, the data was analyzed using regression and correlation models with the use of the SPSS version 26 software. The study indicated that while communication was shown to be minor, trust, commitment, empathy, and conflict resolution were found to have a substantial impact on consumer loyalty. This research suggested that to ensure trust, commitment, empathy, and dispute resolution and the bank should reevaluate its relationship marketing. To maintain and sustain sound relationship marketing, the study also suggests specific actions that should be taken by the banks, government, stakeholders, professionals, and academicians. Since relationship marketing has not been thoroughly investigated from various economic sectors, this investigation recommended additional studies to be done in this area.Item Determinants of Coffee Export Performance of Cooperative Unions and the Moderating Role Ethiopian Cooperative Commission Engagements in Improving Export performance of Cooperative Unions’ in Ethiopia(AAU, 2024-06-03) Lamessa Dufera Debela; Lakew Alemu (PhD)In Ethiopia, cooperative unions engage in agricultural output export activities, in which. Coffee is the leading agricultural export commodity. There are different factors influencing the performance of coffee exporting cooperative unions. Thus, the purpose of this study was to assess the determinant factors that influence coffee exporting cooperative unions export performance and the role of ECC with a moderating variables between independent variables and coffee export performance of Cooepartive unions.Empericcally, there is limited studies on analysis of the moderating effect of the ECC in pertaining to coffee exporting cooperative unions. Therefore, this study was conducted to fill this gap by investigating into the factors influencng coffee export performance of cooperative unions while accounting for ECC's moderating role. This study is important in identifying determinants of coffee export performance of cooperative unions as well as moderating role of ECC in coffee export. The study used descriptive and explanatory research design and purposive sampling technique was used to collect primary data. This study was undertaken through collecting data from seven coffee exporting cooperative unions (out of twelve) through focus group discussions, key information interviews and surveys. The survey was conducted to collect data from 221 union employees using closed-ended questionnaires. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize data, whereas inferential statistics, specifically Multiple Linear Regressions, were used to conduct regression analysis to investigate the relationship between the independent and dependent variables, as well as the moderator role of ECC in imporiving Cooperative uinons coffee export performance. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 27. The finding of this study revealed that quality management practices, market access to experience, management commitment and capability, and marketing strategies are the most important factors determining coffee export performance of cooperative unions. All these variables have been found to have a positive and significant relationship with the performance of cooperative unions coffee export performance. The analysis of moderating variable revealed that the moderating variable, ECC roles, was found to be significant in determining export performance, and quality management practices and marketing strategies remain significant predictors of cooperative union export performance. As a result, emphasizing quality management practices and improving export market access through attractive marketing strategies can boost cooperative unions coffee export performance.Item The Effect of Taxation on The Performance of Small and Medium Business Enterprises: The Case of Addis Ababa City Administration Kirkos Sub City Administration(AAU, 2024-07-04) Kidist Adane; Tewdros wuhib (Assistant Professor)The purpose of this study was to look at how taxes affected the performance of small and medium-sized businesses in the Kinkos sub-city administration of Addis Ababa city. In its conceptual framework, the study used taxation as an independent variable and the performance of SMEs as a dependent variable. To direct tThe purpose of this study was to look at how taxes affected the performance of small and medium-sized businesses in the Kirkos sub-city administration of Addis Ababa city. In its conceptual framework, the study used taxation as an independent variable and the performance of SMEs as a dependent variable. To direct the investigation, three researchquestions and three hypotheses were developed. Certain factors, like tax laws, tax rates, andtax reforms, were used to evaluate taxes. A quantitative research approach was used inconjunction with an explanatory or causal descriptive research design. Cronbach's alpha was used to evaluate the internal consistency and reliability of the questionnaire. Closedended questionnaires containing 24 statements graded on a five-point Likert scale were used to gather data. The survey included a sample size of 314 respondents, 300 of whom (95.5%) responded, and it was directed towards a population of 1840 persons. Both descriptive andinferential statistics were used to interpret the findings. The performance of SMEs was foundto have a statistically significant positive correlation with the three taxation variables (taxpolicies, tax rates, and tax changes) according to Pearson Correlation research. Furthermore, the regression analysis revealed that all three taxes variables had a favorableand significant effect on SMEs' performance. Tax policies were identified as the mostinfluential taxing variables in predicting the success of SMEs. Tax rates and tax revisionsfollowed closely behind, with both having a major effect on SMEs' performance in their respective order. The regression analysis results show that taxes accounts for 63.4% of the variance in SMEs' performance within the subcity. The study's findings indicate that tax lawsand changes have not adequately addressed SMEs' pricing issues, resulting in a fall in theirsales revenue. To improve SMEs' performance, the subcity must guarantee that tax policies,rates, and reforms are consistent with their needs. he investigation, three research questions and three hypotheses were developed. Certain factors, like tax laws, tax rates, and tax reforms, were used to evaluate taxes. A quantitative research approach was used inconjunct ion with an explanatory or causal descriptive research design. Cronbach's alpha was used to evaluate the internal consistency and reliability of the questionnaire. Closed ended questionnaires containing 24 statements graded on a five-point Likert scale were used to gather data. The survey included a sample size of 314 respondents, 300 of whom (95.5%) responded, and it was directed towards a population of 1840 persons. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to interpret the findings. The performance of SMEs was found to have a statistically significant positive correlation with the three taxation variables (tax policies, tax rates, and tax changes) according to Pearson Correlation research. Furthermore, the regression analysis revealed that all three taxes variables had a favorable and significant effect on SMEs' performance. Tax policies were identified as the most influential taxing variables in predicting the success of SMEs. Tax rates and tax revisions followed closely behind, with both having a major effect on SMEs' performance in their respective order. The regression analysis results show that taxes accounts for 63.4% of the variance in SMEs' performance within the sub city. The study's findings indicate that tax laws and changes have not adequately addressed SMEs' pricing issues, resulting in a fall in their sales revenue. To improve SMEs' performance, the sub city must guarantee that tax policies, rates, and reforms are consistent with their needs.Item The Effect of Structural Empowerment on Employees Burnout in Selected Private Banks of Ethiopia(A.A.U, 2022-02-01) Bisrat Alemu; Tilahun Teklu(PhD)The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of structural empowerment on employee’s burnout in selected private banks of Ethiopia. In order to achieve this goal independent variable of access to opportunity, access to information, access to support, access to resources, formal power and informal power are used. The dependent variable is employee’s burnout. Consequently, this study examined the effect of access to information, access to support, access to resources, formal power and informal power on employee burnout. The study used quantitative data by using structured survey method. Questionnaires were distributed to 391 (three hundred ninety one) employees of Awash bank, Dashen Bank, Abyssinia bank and Hibret bank. From this 344 or 87.9% of the questionnaire were collected and used for the research. The researcher divided the number of sample size and distributed the sample to each banks. The employees of the banks are selected based on their workplace. 80% of the data is collected from the branches while the remaining 20% of the data is collected from the head office of each bank. After determining the branch and the head office simple random sampling method is used to select individual employees. SPSS version 24 was used to analysis the data. Pearson's correlation matrix was used to show the relationship' between the dependent and the independent variables. The researcher also used multiple regressions to get a look of how the independent variables affected the dependent variable. The result of the research indicated that access to opportunity, access to information, access to resources, formal power and informal power had significant and negative relation with employee’s burnout. Contrary to expectation the result of the research indicates there is weak and positive relation between access to support and employee’s burnout. The R square value of the research model indicated that 54.5% of the variance in employee’s burnout can be predicted by the linier effect of access to opportunity, access to information, access to support, access to resources, formal power and informal power.Item The Effect of Project Constraint on Project Performance in the Case of Ayat 40/60 Building Project(A.A.U, 2023-07-13) Bethelhem Wondim; Dejene Tulu (PhD)The main objective is to analyze the effect of project constraint in construction project performance at Ayat 40/60. Primary and Secondary data sources were used to achieve the specified objectives of the study. Collected information or data were organized and presented in the form of tables and graphs. To analyze quantitative data explanatory statistics and an equation such as multiple regressions were also used, as well Using 87 discovered factors divided into 5 groups, a questionnaire survey was run. 150 of the 154 questionnaires that were distributed were returned. 150respondents were used in the primary data collection and a standardized questionnaire was used. To come up with the results the researchers employed explanatory analysis. The researcher revealed that the project constraints highly contribution in project performance. According to the study parameters including cost, scope, and quality had a big impact on how well the Ayat 40/60 project performed as a result of project constraints during project execution. The other factors time and resource have insignificant impact on project performance. The results also demonstrate that while time, resource, and quality-related factors have a negative association with building construction performance, cost and scoperelated factors have a positive greater favorable effect on project performance. The project cost and scope have also contribution on the performance of the project. The study concluded that cost related factors and scope related factors are positively and significantly influence project performance but quality related factors were found positive but not significant factor influencing the project performance. On the other hand time and resource related factors were found negative and but not significant. It is therefore recommended that project constraints can never be eliminated and each project will have a different set of constraints the only way to properly manage constraints. Policies and procedures should be strengthening by the construction bureau. The stakeholders have to develop a plan and a strategy for each project phase, have good quality control, balance resource use, and have a thorough understanding of each restriction and transparent communication between project team members. Key words: Multiple Regression Analysis, Project Constraint, Ayat 40/60 project, Construction performance