Anatomy

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    Prevalence, Pattern and Risk Factors Associated with Peripheral Neuropathy among Leprosy Patients: A Retrospective Study
    (Addis Ababa university, 2023-06-11) Seid Endris; Soressa Abebe
    Leprosy, also known as Hansen disease, is a bacterial disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. The disease affected mankind for over 4000 years. Leprosy is believed to be originated initially in Eastern African regions and spread worldwide by means of migration of people. Leprosy causes skin and nerve infections. It was investigated that the Hansen’s bacilli, Mycobacterium leprae, predominantly targeted peripheral nerves.
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    Two-Generation Reproductive Toxicity and Teratogenicity of 70% Ethanol Extract of Moringa Stenopetala (Baker F.) Cufod. Leaf In Rats
    (Addis Ababa university, 2024-01-09) Abdu Hussen; Tadele Ashenif
    The plant Moringa stenopetala (Baker f.) Cufod. (Moringaceae) is a fast-growing tropical plant that is consumed as a native vegetable in southwest Ethiopia. The leaves of the plant are used as the main food source and in folks medicine several ailments, including elevated cholesterol, diabetes, stomach pain, hypertension, malaria, and retained placenta removal. There is conflicting data available right now regarding safety and effectiveness of Moringa stenopetala. According to certain research, it stimulates follicular growth, ovulation, and spermatogenesis. However, other research reports its teratogenic and abortifacient effects, induction of embryonic resorption at late stages of pregnancy, damage to the seminiferous tubules and epididymis, and post-coital antifertility effects. These conflicting reports and a lack of sufficient information regarding the plant's teratogenicity and reproductive toxicity profiles led to the design of this experiment. It is therefore important investigating into how the Moringa stenopetala leaf affects fetal and embryonic development as well as reproduction. Consequently, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the toxic effects of Moringa stenopetala leaf extract on the developing rat embryos and fetuses. Furthermore, the study investigated the toxicity of the plant on the reproductive organs and serum biochemical profiles of F0 and F1 male and female Wistar albino rats, as well as the developmental status of their offspring (F1 and F2 pups).
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    Magnitude and Associated Factors of Chewing Khat During Pregnancy and its Impact on Maternal, Pregnancy and Neonatal Outcomes in Eastern Ethiopia, 2022: Cross Sectional, Prospective Cohort and Histopathologic Study
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-06-07) Amsalu Taye; Miressa Bekana
    Less is established about the maternal and fetal effects of chewing khat during gestation and hence, it is problematic to elaborate a robust evidence base on its effects. So far, a few reports exist which demonstrate the relationship between khat chewing and a few birth outcomes. In addition, these limited studies did not perform mediation analysis to explain how khat chewing affected the reported birth outcomes. Therefore, the present study is the first to demonstrate a model that clarifies how selected variables mediate the relationship between khat chewing during gestation and pregnancy outcomes, providing an explanation for how khat chewing during gestation can affect pregnancy outcomes. Additionally, to date there exists no attempt to demonstrate the effects of chewing khat during gestation on maternal, pregnancy and neonatal outcomes in a prospective cohort study design. More importantly, there exists no pervious attempt to demonstrate the effects of chewing khat during gestation on placenta and umbilical cord in histopathologic study approach.
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    Human Papiloma Virus Vaccine Uptake and Associated Factors among Schoolgirls in Sululta and Chancho Towns, Central Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-06-13) Mekonnen, Habtamu; Woldeamanuel, Yimtubezinash (Prof.); Tekewe, Alemu
    Cervical cancer ranks as the second leading cause of cancer and cancer-related deaths among Ethiopian women. Implementation of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is anticipated to greatly reduce the burden of cervical cancer. However, there is limited information on the extent of uptake of HPV vaccination in Ethiopia, specifically within the areas of Sululta and Chancho towns. This study has assessed the uptake of HPV vaccine and its associated factors among adolescent schoolgirls in Sululta and Chancho towns, Oromia, Central Ethiopia.
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    The Prevalence and Associated Factors of Uterine Myoma at the Gynecology ward in Three Governmental Hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2023
    (Addis Ababa University, 2023-12-17) Mekdes Sisay; Abay Mulu
    Uterine myomas, also known as leiomyomas and uterine fibroids, are monoclonal tumors that develop from the myometrium's smooth muscle cells. The prevalence of myoma varies amongst specific research and countries from 4.5% to 68.6%. Uterine fibroids can also be related to reproductive problems, including decreased fertility, miscarriages and pregnancy loss, and negative obstetric results.
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    The Magnitude of Ectopic Pregnancy, Management Methods and its Associated Factors among Pregnant Women Attending Ambo University Referral Hospital in Oromia Regional state, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-10-23) Nigussie Tesfaye; Mekbeb Afework
    Ectopic pregnancy is the implantation of a blastocyst outside of the endometrial lining of the uterus. There are various forms of ectopic pregnancy, such as ovarian, abdominal, and tubal pregnancy. Nearly 97.7% of all ectopic gestations occur in the fallopian tube, which is the most common location for ectopic pregnancy. Almost 80% of tubal pregnancy occurs in the ampulla, followed by the isthmus (12%). Ectopic pregnancy is diagnosed with the classic triad of amenorrhea, abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding, and a positive pregnancy test
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    Prevalence of Haemorrhoids and Associated Factors among Adult Patients at Surgical Consultation Clinic of Karamara and Jigjiga University Sheik Hassan Yabare Referral Hospitals of Jigjiga Town, Somali Region, Eastern Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-04-15) Tahir Muhumed; Abay Mulu
    Hemorrhoids are swollen veins located around the anus or rectum. About 50 percent of adults experienced the symptoms of hemorrhoids by the age of 50. Hemorrhoids can be internal, external, or mixed. This study assesses the prevalence and associated factors of hemorrhoids among adult patients.
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    Magnitude of Knee Osteoarthritis and Associated Factors among Patients who visited Orthopedics Outpatient Department in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A Facility Based Study, 2024
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-06-05) Sanni Semmagn; Abay Mulu
    Osteoarthritis (OA) is a musculoskeletal disorder characterized by progressive damage to articular cartilage, bone remodeling, and new bone formation (osteophytes). This condition often leads to inflammation of the synovial membrane and fibrosis of joint structures, eventually leading to joint stiffness, swelling, and loss of mobility. It is expected that the prevalence of osteoarthritis (OA) will be higher in developing nations due to rising life expectancy and limited access to joint replacement therapy. The increasing incidence of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is an important issue around the world because they are the leading cause of disease, disability, and mortality. Multiple factors, including modifiable and non-modifiable factors, contribute to OA. Among the various forms of osteoarthritis, knee osteoarthritis has the highest prevalence
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    Project paper on risk of Birth Defects associated with in utero exposure to Antiretroviral Drugs
    (Addis abeba, 2013-04-01) AMSALU TAYE; MEKBEB AFEWORK
    associated with in utero exposure to Antiretroviral Drugs
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    Prevalence and Associated Factors of TBI Among Trauma Patients Admitted to the Adult Emergency Departments of Three Governmental Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2023-01-23) Agumas Shibabaw; Abay Mulu
    Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is the major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide and commonly occurs in low- and middle-income countries. The occurrence of TBI in the world around 54 million to 60 million people each year. Objectives: To assess the prevalence and associated factors of patients with TBI admitted to the emergency departments of three governmental hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2022. Methods and Materials: The study was conducted in three governmental hospitals at Menelik, Yekatit 12, and Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The study is a hospital-based cross-sectional retrospective by design. A structured questionnaire was prepared to collect data from the medical records of patients at the emergency department. Data was entered into an Open Data Kit (ODK) exported to Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26 for analysis then the findings were presented using a bar graph, a pie chart, and tables. Results: One hundred forty-one trauma patients were studied, of whom 85 (60.3%) were male and 85 (39.7%) females. The median (IQR) age of the patients was 43.3% (25–44) [SD = 1.007, 95% CI]. The prevalence of traumatic brain injuries was 34.6%, with RTA accounting for 40.4% of all head injuries, followed by violence at 32.6%, fall at 17.7%, and 9.2% were others. Alcohol drinkers (AOR = 1.088, 95% CI), khat chewers (AOR = 1.947, 95% CI), labour workers (AOR = 3.633, 95% CI), low-income levels (AOR = 3.686, CI), and medium-income levels (AOR = 2.060, CI) are all significantly associated with traumatic brain injury. The severity of the traumatic brain injury was 46.8% mild, 34.8% moderate, and 18.4% severe. Conclusion: The prevalence of traumatic brain injury was 34.6%. The most common cause of traumatic brain injuries was found to be road traffic accidents. The severity of TBI was mild. Being male, alcohol drinkers, khat chewers, labour workers, those with unable to read and write, having low- and medium-income levels put them at high risk for traumatic brain injury
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    Prevalence and Pattern of Major Limb Amputation and its Associated Factors Among Patients Admitted to Pediatric and Adult Orthopedic Wards at Three Public Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Abeba University, 2023-01) Abdi Uka; Abay Mulu
    Limb Amputation (LA) is a surgical procedure for the removal of a limb which is indicated when limb recovery is impossible. It is one of the oldest surgical procedures with a history of over 2500 years. It is estimated that 1.2 million individuals are living with an amputation; and that 185,000 are performed each year worldwide. In Ethiopia most prior research concerning limb amputation has focused almost exclusively on lower limb amputation and there is little information regarding the prevalence of limb amputation. Objectives: To assess the prevalence, and pattern of limb amputation and its associated factors among patients admitted to pediatric and adult orthopedic wards at three public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2020 Methods and Materials: Institutional based cross-sectional retrospective study design had been conducted from September 11, 2020, to August 28, 2022. A serial number on patient registration book from adult and pediatric orthopedic wards of selected hospitals was used to select MRN numbers of patient charts randomly. Data was entered into the Open Data Kit (ODK), a data collection tool’s latest version, and stored on kobo tool. Then the data was exported to SPSS version 26 for statistical analysis. Bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression tests were done to analyze Factors associated with major limb amputation by considering a statistical significance level of 5%, and 95% confidence interval (CI) Results: During the study period, a total of 3,236 patients underwent surgery and among them medical records of 422 cases were selected from
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    Prevalence of Cervical Spondylosis and its Associated Factors Among Symptomatic Adult Patients Attending Referral hospital in Ethiopia 2023
    (Addis Ababa University, 2023-01-24) Beyan Abduljewad; Binyam Ayele
    Background: Cervical spondylosis is a comprehensive term that describes age-related chronic degenerative diseases that result in neck pain, tingling in the arms, and possible myelopathic-associated paralysis. Methods and Materials: The study was conducted at the Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (TASH) neurology and rheumatology clinic from May 1, 2022, to December 30, 2022. A 2-year retrospective hospital-based design was implemented. The source population was all spondylosis patients. The study population was all cervical spondylosis patients with complete clinical and imaging data from January 2020 to January 2022, and a total of 339 were selected randomly. Data was collected using the Open Data Kit and the internet-based Kobo Toolbox and analyzed using SPSS version 26. Mean, median, and standard deviation for continuous data and a frequency table for categorical data A bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out to see the association between dependent and independent variables. Statistical significance was considered at a level of 5% significance and an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% CI. Result: During the study period, 2176 degenerative spinal disease patients were diagnosed. Of these, the medical records of 339 cases were taken using simple random sampling. Among study participants, 189 (55.8%) were female and 150 (44.2%) were male. The mean age of patients was 54.9 years, with an SD of 10.044. The prevalence of cervical spondylosis was 97 (28.5%), which is the second most common next to lumbar spondylosis (199.5%). 40 (11.8%) had both cervical and lumbar spondylosis, and 3 (0.9%) had thoracic spondylosis. The odds of having cervical spondylosis among females were higher with an AOR of 2.959 (CI: 1.445–6.060; p =.003), and the age group between 40 and 59 was also higher with an AOR of 2.011 (CI: 1.164–6.240; p =.000); smokers with an AOR of 2.02 (CI: 1.843–11.0242; p =.008); and current alcohol intake with an AOR of 2.83 (CI: 1.520–6.0) Conclusion: The prevalence of cervical spondylosis (CS) was relatively high compared to the reported literature. In Korea, Bangladesh (Punjab), India (population), China, Nigeria, and Sweden, the prevalence was: 47.8, 47, 17.2, 13.8; 10.7; and 0.035 percent, respectively. The risk of CS increases with age in both sexes, and females were once mostly affected by cervical spondylosis.
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    Evaluation of Acute and Subacute Dermal Toxicity of Aerial Part Cymbopogon Nardus Formulation on Hematological, Clinical Chemistry and Histopathology of Skin, Kidneys and Liver of Albino Wistar Rats
    (Addis Ababa University, 2023-10-23) Dagim Tsegaye; Abay Mulu
    Traditional medicine is the culmination of generations of indigenous system of medicine practitioners' therapeutic experiences. Although over 2,000 plants have been identified in Africa and are utilized to cure a wide range of ailments, only few of these plants have had their safety thoroughly investigated. Ethiopians have historically utilized plants as medicine, although little is known about the characteristics and range of these traditional practices. Objective, The aim of this study was to Evaluate of acute and subacute dermal toxicity of aerial part Cymbopogon nardus formulation on hematological, clinical chemistry and histopathology of skin, kidneys and liver of Albino Wistar rats. Methodology, The plant material was harvested about 270 kilometers south of Addis Ababa, in the Wondogenet region surrounding Shashemene town. The Armaeur Hansen Research Institute's (AHRI) traditional and modern medicine research directorate provided the formulation. Essential oil extraction was undertaken by taking the fresh plant material and subjecting it to hydro-distillation for 2 hours. The plant used Clevenger-Arm equipment to carry out the hydro-distillation process. A round-bottom flask weighing 500g of plant material was set on a heating mantle, and the flask was attached to the Clevenger-Arm apparatus after two liters of water were added. The final yield of the oil weighed was 4 ml and the formulation was done with some additives containing 2% of the oil of cymbopogon nardus and 98% of petrolatum stored in refrigerator at 2-8ºC until it is used for the experiment. For acute dermal toxicity test five female rats of age 8-12 week were used , For subacute dermal test 10 animals (5 female and 5 male) with healthy skin were used at each dose level. The females were nulliparous and non-pregnant. Three dose were used, with a control and, petrolatum was used as a vehicle Result, The dermal mean lethal dose LD50 of the C.nardus formulation was found to be above 2000mg/kg but, no mortality sign was observed during the 14 days of study. 28 days dermal application of C.nardus formulation did not produce any toxicity on the behavioral, physical, biological, hematological analytes and gross pathology of the rats at treated dose compared to the control groups. X Conclusion, C. nardus formulation has no dermal toxicity and therefore presents a low toxicological risk. This study concludes that topical application of Rats do not experience systemic toxic responses or acute or subacute negative skin effects from the C. nardus formulation. Key word, Cymbopogon nardus , acute, subacute dermal, sub chronic , toxicity.
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    Project Paper on Risk of Birth Defects Associated with in Utero Exposure to Antiretroviral Drugs
    (Addis Ababa University, 2013-02) Taye, Amsalu; Dr. Afework, Mekbeb (PhD)
    Antiretroviral compounds differ from most other new pharmaceutical agents in that they havebecome widely prescribed in pregnancy in the absence of proof of safety. In this paperantiretroviralagents used in pregnant women infected with humanimmunodeficiency virus and their effects on theinfantsare reviewed.This review gives an overview aboutinvivoandinvitrodevelopmental toxicityand teratogenicity of the anti-AIDS drugs (antiretrovirals),inexperimental animalsandhumans. Animal embryos exposed in vivo to antiretrovirals exhibited significantly increased pregnancylosses, drugs incorporation into the DNA of fetal organs, external abnormalities, skeletal defects,developmental toxicity, carcinogenicity, reduced weight, anemia, deaths and significantmitochondrial damage. The invitroantiretrovirals exposure of animal cells or organs resulted incytotoxicity, growth retardation, chromosomal aberrations, mutations, sister chromatid exchange andother genotoxic effects. Inearlier human studies, management of AIDS positive pregnant womenwith antiretrovirals revealed exposure of their infants to such drugs with evidence of adverse events.However, recent publications present conflicting data about the associations between antiretroviralsand adverse pregnancy outcomes. Because of the increasingly frequent use of highly active antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy,ongoing efforts are needed to monitor any long-term effects of in uteroexposure to themultipleantiretroviral agentsused.
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    Determinants of Placental Abruption among Pregnant Women who attended Tikur Anbessa Specialized and Gandhi Memorial Hospitals: Institution Based Unmatched Case Control Study
    (Addis Abeba University, 2021-10) Bazezezw, Tsega-ayehu; Prof.Afework, Mekbeb(Professor); Dr.Mengesha, Abdu (MD, Assistant professor)
    Background: Placental abruption, also known as premature separation of placenta, is a significant cause of maternal morbidity and mortality, especially in low resource settings. Despite its negative maternal and fetal outcome, the determinant factors of placental abruption have not been sufficiently studied. Objective: This study aimed to identify risk factors associated with placental abruption among pregnant women who attended Tikur Anbessa Specialized and Gandhi Memorial Hospitals Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 2021. Methods: A Hospital-based retrospective unmatched case control study was employed at Tikur Anbessa Specialized and Gandhi Memorial Hospitals by reviewing medical chart of women admitted for 3 years from September 11, 2017 – September 10 2020. Among which 376 women (188 cases and 188 controls) were included in the study. After data was collected by using Kobo Collect version 1.27.3 it was exported and analyzed using SPSS version 25. To identify determinants of Placental abruption, Bivariable and Multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were done. Statistical significance was considered at a level of significance of 5%, and an adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was used. Result: Prevalence of PA was found to be 0.25% and six identified independent determinants of Placental abruption with AOR [95% CI] were identified. These were advanced maternal age (Age ≥35) [AOR=2.44; 95% CI: 1.13, 5.25], previous history of stillbirth [AOR=4.55; 95% CI: 1.11, 18.59], previous history of abortion [AOR=2.28; 95% CI: 1.22, 4.26], previous history of cesarean section [AOR=3.21; 95% CI: 1.64, 6.29], premature rupture of membranes [AOR=8.88; 95% CI: 3.27, 23.65] and preeclampsia [AOR=3.95; 95% CI: 1.54, 10.11]. Perinatal death among cases was 22 (11.3%) whereas there was only one maternal death recorded (0.5%). Conclusion and Recommendations: Prevalence of Placental abruption was low and advanced maternal age, premature rupture of membranes, and preeclampsia, as well as previous histories of stillbirth, abortion and cesarean section, were identified as independent determinants of placental abruption. Practitioners responsible for prenatal monitoring must pay attention to risk factors during prenatal care to prevent adverse maternal and fetal outcomes that may associate with placental abruption.
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    Correlation between Patterns of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings and Clinical Features in Patients with Low Back Pain due to Lumbar Degenerative Disc Disease, Attending Orthopedics and Neurology Outpatient Clinic in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 2021.
    (Addis Abeba University, 2021-09) Godanna, Dureti; Afework, Mekbeb(Professor); Dr.Lambisso, Biruk (Associate Professor and department head of Orthopedics); Dr.Kebede, Eskinder(Associate Professor); Dr.Degefu, Hailegebriel
    Background: Low back pain(LBP) is defined as pain coming from between the lower rib margins and the gluteal folds. It is usually accompanied by pain and neurological symptoms in the lower limbs. Lumbar degenerative disc disease constitutes a group of degenerative pathologic changes that are almost universal with increasing age and are a common cause of mechanical low back pain. There were contradictory reports regarding the correlation of MRI(magnetic resonance imaging) findings with clinical presentations. Objective: To evaluate the correlation between patterns of MRI findings and clinical features in patients with low back pain due to lumbar degenerative disc disease(LDDD) at Ortho-spine unite, in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital(TASH), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, from April 1, 2020, to March 30, 2021. Method: Hospital-based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in TASH, with a randomly selected sample of 246 patients from April 1, 2020, to March 30, 2021. Data was collected using Kobo Toolbox version 1.27.3 and exported to SPSS Windows 25 for analysis. Chi-square test, Bivariable, and Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis were applied to evaluate the association of different variables. Result: Of the total patients, 56.5% had radiculopathy, 6.1% had extremity weakness and 4.5% had bowel and bladder incontinence. Disc herniation was present in 82.9%, disc degeneration in 54.1%, neural foraminal stenosis in 56.6% and spinal canal stenosis in 44.3%. Spinal canal stenosis was significantly associated with age (age 40-59 [AOR=2.19, 95% CI (1.119-4.287)] & age >60 [AOR=3.7, 95% CI (1.753-7.691)] and radiculopathy, [AOR=2.4, CI (1.388-4.072)]. Neural foraminal stenosis was significantly associated with age [age >60, AOR=3.425, 95% CI (1.560-7.519)], radiculopathy [AOR=2.7, 96%, CI (1.554-4.738)]. Neural foraminal stenosis was also significantly associated with the SLR(straight leg raise) test [AOR=2.0, 95% CI (1.0264.083)]. Conclusion: There is an association between MRI findings and the clinical presentation of patients. Spinal canal stenosis and neural foraminal stenosis were associated with radiculopathy and older age. The lower lumbar levels are highly affected by DDD due to the higher mechanical stress at this level. Radiculopathy is the most frequent clinical presentation accompanying LBP, and Disc herniation was the commonest degenerative finding.
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    Prevalence of Cerebral Palsy, its Associated Factors and MRI PathoAnatomic Findings among Patients Attending Paediatrics Neurology Clinic in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital
    (Addis Abeba University, 2021-08) Labena, Fikreselam; Dr.Seyoum, Girma(Associate Professor and Department Head of Anatomy); Dr.Lambisso, Biruk (Associate Professor and department head of Orthopaedics); Dr.Mekonnen, Wintana (Doctor of Physiotherapy)
    Background: Cerebral Palsy (CP) describes disorder of movement and posture that appears during infancy/early childhood causing activity limitations that are attributed to nonprogressive disturbances that occurred in the developing foetal or infant brain. Any progressive CNS injury occurring during the first 2(some say 5) years of life is considered to be CP. CP may be caused by prenatal, perinatal and postnatal factors. Objective: The Aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of cerebral palsy, determine its associated factors and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Patho-anatomy among patients attending paediatric neurology clinic of Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (TASH), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Method: Hospital based retrospective cross sectional study was conducted in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital with randomly selected sample of 422 patients attending to paediatric neurology clinic from September 2017-Septmeber 2020. Data was collected using checklist by using Kobo Collect version 1.27.3 and was exported to SPSS windows version 25 for analysis. Bivariable and Multi variable binary logistic regression analysis were also carried out to determine the effect of explanatory variables. Level of significance of 5%, and adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used. Result: A total of 402 patients were used. The prevalence of CP was found to be 35.8% among patients who visited the paediatric neurology outpatient clinic. Twelve variables were associated in Bi-variable analysis, of which five variables, that is; sex, preterm delivery, home delivery Null parity and birth asphyxia were significantly associated with AOR 95% CI. (Sex: 1.89[1.11-3.25], preterm: 7.04[1.55-31.82], home delivery: 7.74[1.66-35.95], null parity: 1.7[1-2.9], asphyxia: 4.47[1.76-11.29] respectively). Among the CP cases spastic CP accounted for 88.9% and 62.5% were quadriplegic.58% of CP the patients were reported to have predominant white matter injury. Conclusion and recommendation: The prevalence of CP in the present study is lower compared to that reported by other African researches. The most significant risk factors for developing CP were perinatal factors such as asphyxia, home delivery and preterm delivery. Among the clinical types spastic quadriplegic type is the commonest and most of the patients are at level 5of Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS). Predominant White Matter Injury was found to be one of the commonest MRI finding. Most of the factors associated are preventable perinatal problems which can be reduced by decreasing complications during birth, better health care during pregnancy, delivery and postnatal period.