The Effects of Chronic Treatment with DODONAEA ANGUSTIFOLIA Seed Extracts on some Hematological and Biochemical Composition of Blood and Histopathology of Liver and Kidney in Mice.
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Date
2010-06
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Addis Abeba University
Abstract
In Ethiopia many medicinal plants are used for the treatment of malaria including Dodonaea
angustifolia seed with out considering their side effects. Therefore, the present study attempts
to evaluate the chronic effect of crude extracts of D. angustifolia seeds on some
hematological and biochemical parameters and histopathology of liver and kidney of mice.
For the chronic treatment, animals were administered with the crude extracts of the plant
through the oral route using oral gavage for six weeks at doses of 400 mg/kg/bw and 800
mg/kg/bw of the aqueous extract and 400 mg/kg/bw and 600 mg/kg of the methanolic extract.
At the end of the experiment, all mice under treatment were sacrificed after blood collection
for hematological and biochemical analysis and liver and kidney sections were randomly
taken for tissue processing. The results of hematological and biochemical analysis as well as
the microscopic examinations of the liver and kidney sections were compared with control
groups. The hematological and biochemical results showed no statistically significant
differences between the aqueous extract treated mice at both doses of 400 mg/kg/bw and 800
mg/kg/bw and the control group. In contrast, statistically significant elevation in ALT, AST,
urea and creatinine were observed in methanolic extract treated mice at a dose of 600
mg/kg/bw as compared to the control group. Histopathological examinations of the liver and
kidney sections of aqueous crude extract treated mice at both doses of 400 mg/kg/bw and 800
mg/kg/bw showed similar histological appearance as that of the control group except some
focal inflammation were observed around central vein at dose of 800 mg/kg/bw of the
aqueous extract of the plant. In contrast, significant histopathological changes were observed
in liver and kidney sections of methanolic crude extract treated mice at dose of 600 mg/kg/bw
with focal cellular infiltration around central vein of the liver sections at 400 mg/kg/bw
showing the dose dependent effect of methanolic crude extract of the plant. In conclusion, the
aqueous crude extract is safe to use at effective dose of 400 mg/kg/bw whereas the
methanolic crude extract of D. angustifolia at the same effective dose (400 mg/kg/bw) as that
of aqueous crude extract has slight toxic effect but adversely affects the biochemical
parameter and histology of liver and kidney as the dose level increases to 600 mg/kg/bw. As
the aqueous extract did not show adversity at the effective dose, it is recommended that
medicinal plant users choose the aqueous extract of the plant. Further investigation is also
recommended to isolate metabolites that may contribute the toxic effect of methanolic crude
extract on liver and kidney.
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Keywords
Dodonaea angustifolia, chronic toxicity, liver, kidney, mice