Prevalence and Associated Factors of TBI Among Trauma Patients Admitted to the Adult Emergency Departments of Three Governmental Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
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Date
2023-01-23
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is the major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide and commonly occurs in low- and middle-income countries. The occurrence of TBI in the world around 54 million to 60 million people each year.
Objectives: To assess the prevalence and associated factors of patients with TBI admitted to the emergency departments of three governmental hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2022.
Methods and Materials: The study was conducted in three governmental hospitals at Menelik, Yekatit 12, and Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The study is a hospital-based cross-sectional retrospective by design. A structured questionnaire was prepared to collect data from the medical records of patients at the emergency department. Data was entered into an Open Data Kit (ODK) exported to Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26 for analysis then the findings were presented using a bar graph, a pie chart, and tables.
Results: One hundred forty-one trauma patients were studied, of whom 85 (60.3%) were male and 85 (39.7%) females. The median (IQR) age of the patients was 43.3% (25–44) [SD = 1.007, 95% CI]. The prevalence of traumatic brain injuries was 34.6%, with RTA accounting for 40.4% of all head injuries, followed by violence at 32.6%, fall at 17.7%, and 9.2% were others. Alcohol drinkers (AOR = 1.088, 95% CI), khat chewers (AOR = 1.947, 95% CI), labour workers (AOR = 3.633, 95% CI), low-income levels (AOR = 3.686, CI), and medium-income levels (AOR = 2.060, CI) are all significantly associated with traumatic brain injury. The severity of the traumatic brain injury was 46.8% mild, 34.8% moderate, and 18.4% severe.
Conclusion: The prevalence of traumatic brain injury was 34.6%. The most common cause of traumatic brain injuries was found to be road traffic accidents. The severity of TBI was mild. Being male, alcohol drinkers, khat chewers, labour workers, those with unable to read and write, having low- and medium-income levels put them at high risk for traumatic brain injury