Developmental Psychology

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Parental Differential Treatment and Adolescents’ Adjustment: The Moderating Effects of Sibling Relationship Quality and Adolescents’ Personality
(Addis Ababa University, 2024-07) Tadele Zebrea; Darge Wole(PhD)
The study examined the moderating role of sibling relationship quality and adolescents' personalities in the link between parental differential treatment and adolescents‘ adjustment. Additionally, it aimed to investigate the adjustment status of adolescents and explore its relationship with parental differential treatment, sibling relationship quality, and adolescents' personality. The data were collected from 537 randomly selected adolescents from Addis Ababa. The Sibling Inventory of Differential Experience, Adjustment Inventory, Sibling Relationship Questionnaire, and Personality Inventory were used to gather data from the study participants. A correlational research design was employed to address the objectives of the study. The results indicated the prevalence of emotional, social, and educational adjustment problems among adolescents in Addis Ababa, particularly among males. Perceived Parental differential treatment was evident, with parents exhibiting differential control towards males and differential affection towards females. The correlation analysis revealed that parental affection, sibling warmth, conscientiousness, and openness to experience were negatively related to adjustment problems, whereas differential parental control, sibling conflict, and neuroticism were positively linked to poor adjustment. The finding also indicated that parental differential control negatively predicted adjustment, while openness to experience and parental affection positively predicted positive adjustment. Moreover, the study found that sibling relationship quality and adolescents' personality moderated the relationship between adjustment and parental differential treatment. Neurotic adolescents with differentially controlling parents were more susceptible to social, emotional, and educational adjustment problems. Similarly, parental control has an adverse effect on adolescents who have conflicting relationships with their siblings. Furthermore, age was found to moderate the link between parental differential treatment and adolescents‘ adjustment, but gender did not. Overall, the findings underscore the importance of interventions aimed at improving parent-child and sibling relationships to mitigate the impact of sibling conflict and differential parental control. The findings also suggest the need for further research in this area and have practical implications for the parental treatment of siblings and counseling. Keywords: adjustment, adolescents, sibling relationship, personality, parental differential treatment
Physical and Sexual Abuse among Mental Health Service Users at Amanuael Mental Specialized and Eka-Kotebe General Hospitals
(Addis Ababa University, 2023-06) Sara Wondwossen; Mulat Asnake (PhD)
The purpose of this qualitative exploratory study was to investigate the experiences of physical and sexual abuse among mental health service users at Amanuael Mental Specialized and Eka Kotebe General Hospital. Data was collected through face-to-face interviews with seventeen participants purposively selected due to their experiences of physical and sexual abuse, as well as staff members who witnessed such abuses. Thematic analysis was used to identify key themes from the audio recordings of the interviews, which were translated into Amharic and then English. The study found that all participants reported experiencing physical and sexual abuse within the studied setting. The most common forms of physical abuse were beatings, while sexual abuse took the form of rape committed by employees. The abuse occurred within wards, toilets, and round rooms. The short- and longterm consequences of the abuse included dissatisfaction with the service, psychological distress, and fear of acceptance. The findings highlight that physical and sexual abuse is prevalent among mental health service users and has a significant impact on their well-being. To prevent future incidents, the study recommends installing cameras in all rooms and near examination rooms. However, it is important to address the root causes of abuse within mental health settings to ensure the safety and well-being of service users. Mental health providers must prioritize the prevention of abuse and maltreatment, and take steps to create a safe and supportive environment for their service users. Key word: Sexual abuse, physical abuse, service users.
The Relationship between Adolescent’s Perception of Interparental Conflict and their Academic Performance at Don Bosco Catholic High School
(Addis Ababa University, 2023-07) Yeabtsega Duche; Dame Abera (PhD)
The main purpose of the study is to examine the relationship between adolescents’ perception of interparental conflict on academic performance at Don Bosco Catholic High School. It specifically looks at the relationship between academic performance and conflict property, perceived threat, and self-blame attributes of interparental conflict. Four research questions were drawn to understand this phenomenon. Children's Perception of Interparental Conflict (CPIC) and the average grade of 2022/23 was used to source the research questions. CPIC was translated into Amharic Language and pilot tested. The Cronbach alpha result of the translated test was 0.943 which signifies high reliability. Data was collected from 189 grade 11 and 12 students of Don Bosco Catholic High School. Of the 189 participants, 94 were male and 95 were female, and 35.4% of the participants were 17 years old, 48.7% were 18 years old and 15.9% were 19 years old. Frequency, Spearman’s correlation, Mann-Whitney U test, and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to analyze and describe the result of the research. The result of the study showed that grade 11 and 12 students in Don Bosco Catholic High School perceived interparental conflict in their homes. Furthermore, the results show that there is a significant relationship between conflict property and perceived threat and academic performance ( r=.937, p=.000 and r= .795, p= .000 respectively). In addition, academic performance is moderately related to the self-blame attribute of interparental conflict (r=.581, p= .000) . The result also shows that there is a significant difference between genders in the perception of interparental conflict . However, there is no significant difference between the ages of 17, 18 and 19 in the perception of interparental conflict. Based on this result conclusion and recommendation have been made. keywords: inter-parental conflict, conflict property, self-blame, threat, adolescents, academic performance
Females Psycho-Social Problems with Surviving Sexual Violence in Conflict- Affected Areas: In Case of Shewarobit Town.
(Addis Ababa University, 2023-06) Yechale Yigzaw; Abera Tibebu (PhD)
The purpose of this study was to discover the females psycho-social problems with surviving sexual violence in conflict-affected areas: in case of shareware town. To achieve its objectives, the study used a qualitative research approach to gather, analyses, and interpret data. As a result, the study included 11 sexual violence survivors for an in depth interview. In addition, 3 key informants were used for key informant interviews, 1 from the woreda women and children's affairs, 1 from an NGO social worker, and 1 from the health sector. The study used a phenomenological foundation to reveal whether sexual victim girls experienced sexual violence, and have different meanings towards sexual violence, DSM-5 to understand the specific psycho-social problems stated under the specific objectives. The study also used humanistic theory to understand survivors' feelings, actions, and self-image, following sexual violence, and cognitive theory to understand survivors' thoughts and feelings. The study shows survival females who are violated by sexual assault, are vulnerable to different psycho-social problems. It was also found that because of the violence and the influence of society, survival females are affected by depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, isolation, sleep disturbance, loneliness, hopelessness, suicidal attempts, and other societal and family based problems. The study, on the other hand, found the majority of the study participants did not obtain the psychological, medical, social, and spiritual assistance that they should have received to solve their difficulties. Even victims who received medical assistance could not overcome their problem because they received assistance only once. So government, religious institutions, and communities must provide psychological, social, and spiritual support to survivors. Keywords: Sexual violence, psycho social problems
Parent-Child Communication Strategies with Screen time Experiences of Addis Ababa Preschoolers A
(Addis Ababa University, 2023-01) Heyrenas Abdela; Endalkachew Tesera (PhD)
The focus of this study was to investigate Parent-Child Communication Strategies with Screen time Experiences of Addis Ababa Preschoolers. The study conducted using descriptive research design. The Digital Screen Exposure Questionnaire (DSEQ) and Social Communication Skills – The Pragmatics Checklist were utilized to collect data from 52 parents of children with language delay in four therapy centers in Addis Ababa. The study used questionnaires and it was conducted using convenience sampling technique. Results indicated that parents were between the ages of 24 and above 45years (M=33years and SD=1.2). The minimum daily screen time of parents were less than 1 hour and the maximum were 3 hours (M= 1.4 hour and SD=0.87). As reported by parents, their children were between age 3 to 6 (M=4.54years and SD=1). Their language delayed children spent 2.9 hours on screen every day on average. More than 57% of their children use smartphones and TV. The average amounts of time participants spent with their children were 4.4 hours, with a standard deviation of 1.5. Mealtimes and other regular times set by the parents themselves were the main reasons (periods) why they permitted their child to use screen. The majority of participants who responded said that children will benefit from screen by learning academics and language. There was no statistically significant mean difference in parents screen time between males and females and children communication skill between boys and girls. The study concluded that parents who believe screen time has positive impact let their children to spend more time on screen. Future research is recommended for a contextualized understanding of the impact of screen devices on communication skill, as children's prolonged screen exposure has become an emerging societal concern in Ethiopia. Key words: Screen time, Communication skill, TV and smartphone
The Relationship Between Parental Involvement and Identity Achievement During Adolescence
(Addis Ababa University, 2006-06) Jemal, Zemzem
Effects of Teachers' Working Conditions and Perceived Organizational Support on Professional Commitment (The Case of High School Teachers in West Gojjam Zone)
(Addis Ababa University, 2007-07) Addis, Zelalem; Meshesha, Ayele (PhD)
The purpose of this study was to examme the effects of Perceived Organizational Support, Participation m Decision-making, Extra Role Involvement, Teaching Experience, and Feelings of Professional Community on Professional Commitment of teachers' teaching in West Gojjam Zone high schools. In developing the instruments, Cronbach's alpha reliability for each scale and item total correlations for each items were computed for pilot and alpha coefficient again for the main study. 135 randomly selected teachers and 7 principals of each from 7 randomly selected schools of the Zone were used as the sample of the study. The data were gathered with 59 close-ended items and with some open-ended questions for teachers and with semi structured interview for school principals. Pearson product moment correlation, analysis of variance (ANOVA), multiple and stepwise regression analysis were used to analyze the data. The result revealed that professional commitment was positively and significantly correlated with participation in decision-making (r=.625, p<.Ol), perceived organizational support{r=.594, p<.Ol), feelings of professional community (r=. 517, p<.Ol), extra role involvement (r=.449, p<.Ol), and year of teaching experience{r=.216, p<.05). All the independent variables together contributed 44.7% {F (5. J29) =20.848, P<.OOl) to the variability in teachers' professional commitment. Participation in decision-making being the major predictor explained 39.4% (F (1,J33) =86.476, P<.OOl); extra role involvement and perceived organizational support were the second and third major predictors, respectively. The above three variables together explained about 43.9% (F(3,J3J)=34.174, P,<.OOl) of the variability. The rest two independent variables were not significant predictors of teachers' professional commitment. Hence, this study would help educational leaders, professionals, and school principals in their effort of enhancing and maintaining high school teachers' professional commitment.
Students' Academic Achievement as A Function of Gender, Parents' Educational Background And Learning Strategies in Dessie Town High Schools
(Addis Ababa University, 2005-06) Tadesse, Aemero; Andualem, Tamirie (Associate Professor)
The major concern of this study was to examine how far gender, parents' educational background and learning strategy components predicted students' academic achievement. A total of 380 subjects, (188 males and 192 females) were involved in the study from Dessie Town high schools. A Likert type five point scale self-report measures and a s h ort supplementary questionnaire, which u sed to obtain demographic data, were administered. The overall academic achievement, Mathematics a chievement and Language achievement scores were obtained from school records. Correlation, t-test, analysis of variance and multiple regressions were used for analysis. Results obtained through Correlat ion analy s is portrayed that except gender, both parents' educational background and learning strategy components indicated significant association with academic a chievement. The t-tes t reve aled that the re exis ted significant average diffe rence in mathematics a chievement in favor of males and language achievement favoring females, but there was no statistically significant difference between male and female students in the overall academic achievement. Moreover, statistically s ignificant gender difference was observed in seif- regulating strategy in favor of males but no significant d~1erence was revealed in cognitive strategy u se. The ANOVA results indicated s ignificant students' academic achievement differences due to their parents' educational Ie v-:; [ differences. ' Students who come form educated Parents perform better in school than their counterparts who come from uneducated parents. Similar students' academic achievement re sults were also observed with their paternal or male guardian and maternal or female guardian educational leve ls. The multiple regression analysis displayed that both parents' educational background & learning strategy components had statistically significant contribution on s tudents' academic achievement, exp laining 88% of the variation in academic achievement. 'Of the variables treated in the study , parents' educational background was the best predicto r variable in students academic a c hievement
Social Media and Adolescents’ Sexual Behavior in Addis Ababa: The Case of Ferehiwot No 2 Secondary and Preparatory School Students
(Addis Ababa University, 2017-06) Abera, Tadesse; Desie, Yekoyealem (PhD)
This cross-sectional study was conducted to assess social media and adolescents’ sexual behavior in Addis Ababa Ferehiwot No 2 secondary and preparatory school adolescent students. The study employs Use and gratification theory, social learning theory, social cognitive theory and cultivation theory to understand the issue of media content and how it influence adolescents’ sexual behavior. Both qualitative and quantitative research design was applied in this study. A stratified random sampling was applied for the sample technique and among the total of 2185 study populations 120 of them participated in this study. After followed the whole ethical procedure the data was conducted by means of questionnaire and focus group desiccation. For quantitative data collection, questionnaires were adapted and for qualitative method focus group discussion was applied. Descriptive statistics was employed to analyze quantitative data and for qualitative data content analysis was applied. The finding of this study revealed that social media become extremely popular because it allows adolescents to connect in the online world to form relationship, personal issues; and also revealed a number of risks associate with social media use. Similarly the study finding ascertained that social media has contributed in enhancing or increasing the occurrence of sexually related risks like, unwanted pregnancy, sexual transmitted diseases, and abortion and school dropouts among adolescent students. Key words Social media, Adolescence and Sexual behavior
Psychosocial Problems and Coping Mechanisms of sexually Abused Girls in Shelter Home: The Case of Society for International Ministries (SIM) Girl’s Shelter Home Project, Addis Ababa.
(Addis Ababa University, 2017-10) Markos, Simegn; Zeleke, Seleshi (PhD)
The experience of child sexual abuse can leave a host of adverse behavioral, social, and psychological consequences. The main objective of the study was to explore psychosocial problems encountered by sexually abused girls and their coping mechanisms at Society for International Ministries (SIM) girl’s shelter home, Addis Ababa. These sexually abused girls usually suffer from psychosocial problems like low self-esteem, moderate level of anxiety and poor social interaction etc., and yet, these psychosocial needs of the sexually abused girls are often unconcerned by the service providers and stakeholders; as a result a number of the girls leave the project. Therefore, to understand the significant psychosocial issues of sexually abused girls, the researcher used both quantitative and qualitative methods, and used different data collection instruments such as questionnaire. The age of the residents ranged between 9-26 years. For the present study (n=80) representative sample selected, 10 (Ten) participants interviewed and also key informant interviews were conducted with 5 (Five) participants. The participants of the interviews and key informant interviewees were selected using purposive sampling techniques. As well, descriptive statistics used for data summarization and presentation, the data collected from these respondents analyzed using the SPSS version 20 statistical program. The study revealed that sexually abused girls accessed all basic needs necessary to sustain their lives. Whereas, research revealed that majority of sexually abused girls have experienced psychosocial problems (low self-esteem, moderate level of anxiety and poor social interaction), because of history of sexual abuse, insecure parental relationship with service providers, lack of freedom, discrimination by community and lack of proper psychosocial services. Regarding to their coping mechanisms, most of the participants employed emotion focused coping mechanisms (talking to people, crying & bury feeling internally, and isolating themselves from social activities) and, problem focused coping mechanism (praying).Based on the findings, the researcher recommended that placing and expanding psychosocial services like applying counseling for girls, providing life skill training for care givers, having parental love, care and protection and employing proper coping mechanisms will be valuable to help them to return to a meaningful life in future. KEY WORDS, psychosocial problems, psychosocial well-being, sexually abused girls, Shelter, coping mechanism
The Relationship between Parenting Style and Tendency to Bullying Behavior among General Secondary and Preparatory School Adolescents in Shone Town, Southern Ethiopia
(Addis Ababa University, 2018-05) Petros, Mintesnot; Desie, Yekoyealem (PhD)
This study investigated the relationship between parenting style and bullying behaviour of general secondary and preparatory school adolescents in Shone town. A self-report questionnaire was used to obtain data from a sample consists of 177 both sex participants recruited from grades with the average age of 16. Results revealed that of the total 177 students: 27.6 % of the students were bullies, 45.7% were victims, and 26.5% were wittiness/bystander. Regarding the types of bullying, the most common bullying behaviour used by the bullies and experienced by the victims was verbal bullying. The findings of the study also showed that authoritative parenting style is more common among parents than other methods of parenting. Also the study revealed that there is a statistically significant relationship between parenting style and adolescents’ attitude toward bullying behaviour. When gender, age and grade level were investigated in relation to bullying, meaningful differences were found. Based on the findings, recommendations were made including that parents should be encouraged to adopt the best parenting practices in the upbringing of their children because it has been found that authoritative parenting style is the method that yields the best result in child upbringing
Study of Psychosocial Problems Faced by Former Juvenile Delinquents in Addis Ababa
(Addis Ababa University, 2016-05) Tsegay, Lemlem; Wondimu, Habtamu (Associate Professor)
This study is concerned about the psychological and social problems that rehabilitated and reintegrated juveniles face. The study adopted the qualitative design of research. Six former juvenile delinquents who served time at the rehabilitation center in Addis Ababa and were released at least before six months of this study were selected by the staffs of the center and a case study of these six former juvenile delinquents was conducted including the views of professional staff members of concerned governmental offices using the semi structured interview. The collected data were categorized under thematic areas and detailed descriptions of the data were made under the themes. Findings show that rehabilitated and reintegrated juveniles delinquents face a number of psychological and social challenges. The psychological problems these group face are self-stigma (negative beliefs about one’s competence, low selfesteem and self-discrimination), guilt, shame, sadness, loneliness and anger. The finding also shows the social problems that these group face after getting back to the society are stigma, discrimination and loss of their reputation of “good girl/boy”. Moreover, the findings show that rehabilitated and reintegrated juveniles delinquents develop diverse coping mechanisms for the psychological and social problems they face.
The relationship between Kana TV Exposure and Academic Achievements of Secondary School Students in Kolfe Keranio Sub -city, Addis Ababa
(Addis Ababa University, 2018-05) Zena, Mulugeta; Desse, Yekoyealem (PhD)
Television exposure and its effects on academic achievements has been the concern of many scholars since 1940s. The considerable amount of time most teenagers exposed to television makes it vital to examine its relationship with academic achievement of high school students. Hence, the objective of this study was to assess the relationship between Kana Television exposure and academic achievements of high school students in Kolfe Keranio Sub city, Addis Ababa. The study also assesses in what ways Kana TV exposure affected academic activities and academic achievements of high school students as well, to assess the association between parents’ socio-economic characteristics and students Kana Television exposure. Stratified random sampling and convenience sampling were used to identify the respondents. A total of 378 students (113 males and 253 females), 5 parents (3males & 2 females) & 5 teachers (4 males and 1 female) have participated in the study. Data had been collected using self-reported questionnaire from students and in-depth interview from parents and teachers. Data collected using these instruments were analyzed quantitatively using descriptive statistics, percentage one-way ANOVA, chi-square, eta square and frequency. Besides, thematic analysis was used to analyze qualitative data Accordingly, analysis of variance showed that there was no statistically significant difference in their academic achievements for three Kana television viewer groups (Light viewers, medium viewers & Heavy viewers) of high school students, however result from qualitative analysis showed that heavy Kana TV exposure lowered academic achievements of high school students Descriptive analysis and thematic analysis also revealed that Kana television exposure affected academic activities and academic achievements of high school students. A chi-square test of association was performed to examine the relation between socio economic status of parents and Students Kana TV exposure. The finding indicated that there was significant relationship between mothers & father’s educational status and Kana TV exposure. No significant association was detected for monthly income of parents and students Kana television exposure. From the findings of this study, the researcher recommended for further investigation to bring attention to the importance of these areas in future research
Bullying victimization and self-efficacy among children in selected Government Primary Schools of Arada sub city, Addis Ababa.
(Addis Ababa University, 2018-06) Tesfaye, Tsion; Asnake, Mulat (PhD)
Bullying victimization among children is burning issue in the present society; particularly in schools it is well known that bullying victimization is one of the problems that need special attention. This study was conducted on this issue with particular focus on selected governmental school students with in age range of 12-15 years. It specifically attempted to examine the level of bullying victimization, in relation to self-efficacy and gender. Out of a total population size of 758 students in 12-15 age categories, of these 228 students were randomly selected. On data collection Forms of bulling scale (FBS) and self-efficacy questionnaire for children (SEQ-C) were also adapted. Correlation, chi-square and one sample t-test were used to analyze the data. Findings indicated that bullying victimization in these governmental schools has high occurrence throughout the year. From all participants reported about their exposure of bullying throughout this academic year those who experienced bullying by others are 44.3% (n=101). The level of bullying victimization shows that there is high relation between being female and bullying victimization. In an Attempt to examine the relationship between bullying victimization and self-efficacy the result shows they are inversely related. They affect each other being a cause for their occurrence as dependent and independent factors. By comparing the victims self-efficacy (M= 85.42, SD=19.04) with the non-victim self-efficacy (M=94.14, SD=13.3) it is found to be there is a significant difference between mean of the victim and non-victim self-efficacy t (228) = -7.45, p<0.05. So without age discrimination these governmental schools children are exposed to bullying victimization and diminished self-efficacy. Therefore, these governmental schools should focus on the issue of bullying victimization and work on the development of student‟s self-efficacy .This could be done through incorporating bullying in students text books, involving students in tasks which develop self-efficacy, organizing anti bullying events and organizing awareness creation seminars that include parents. Attempts were made to explain these findings and implications were also drawn for practical intervention and future research
Social Media and Adolescents’ Sexual Behavior in Addis Ababa: The Case of Ferehiwot No 2 Secondary and Preparatory School Students
(Addis Ababa University, 2007-06) Abera, Tadesse; Desie, Yekoyealem (PhD)
This cross-sectional study was conducted to assess social media and adolescents’ sexual behavior in Addis Ababa Ferehiwot No 2 secondary and preparatory school adolescent students. The study employs Use and gratification theory, social learning theory, social cognitive theory and cultivation theory to understand the issue of media content and how it influence adolescents’ sexual behavior. Both qualitative and quantitative research design was applied in this study. A stratified random sampling was applied for the sample technique and among the total of 2185 study populations 120 of them participated in this study. After followed the whole ethical procedure the data was conducted by means of questionnaire and focus group desiccation. For quantitative data collection, questionnaires were adapted and for qualitative method focus group discussion was applied. Descriptive statistics was employed to analyze quantitative data and for qualitative data content analysis was applied. The finding of this study revealed that social media become extremely popular because it allows adolescents to connect in the online world to form relationship, personal issues; and also revealed a number of risks associate with social media use. Similarly the study finding ascertained that social media has contributed in enhancing or increasing the occurrence of sexually related risks like, unwanted pregnancy, sexual transmitted diseases, and abortion and school dropouts among adolescent students. Key words Social media, Adolescence and Sexual behavior
The Role of Parenting Dimensions and Socioeconomic Status on Achievement Motivation of Children in Two Selected Primary Schools of Bole Subcity, Addis Ababa
(Addis Ababa University, 2016-10) Ibrahim, Milka; Asnake, Mulatu (PhD)
Achievement motivation is a global phenomenon that exists almost in every individual. In many western nations, achievement motivation is one of the recurrently researched topic. Nonetheless, in our milieu only few researches exist in account of the theme. The main purpose of the study was to examine the role of parenting dimensions and socioeconomic status on achievement motivation of children in two selected primary schools of Bole sub city, Addis Ababa. To conduct the study, quantitative correlational and regression model was employed. The sampling technique employed for this study was a blend of simple and stratified random sampling. Accordingly, a total of 198 grade 4 and 5 respondents were taken from Addis International Academy and Bole Ethio-China friendship primary school as a source of sample respondents for the study. Data were collected through questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, Pearson product moment correlation and step wise regression analysis. The findings of the study revealed that Broad-spectrum parental dimensions (parental nurturance, parental control, parental structure, parental provision of autonomy and parental consistence) were found to have relation with achievement motivation of children. Out of these parental dimensions parental control and autonomy provision are found significant contributors for achievement motivation. In general, income and educational level of mothers had been found the most important underlying factor that relate and contributes to children’s achievement motivation except father income and educational level. Parenting dimension was found to be independent of predictor variable (income and educational level of parents) except mother's income per month. Overall, significant difference between male and female children’ in their achievement motivation and the type of parental dimension they have received was observed. Finally, recommendations were forwarded based on the major findings so as to improve or enhance achievement motivation of children.
Attitude towards Marriage and Marital Satisfaction of Holy Matrimonially Married Orthodox Christians. In Debre Mhret St. Michael Church
(Addis Ababa University, 2015-11) Zemene, Gashaw; Mekonen, Dawit (PhD)
There were controversial research findings in regards to the association of marital satisfaction with religiosity and romantic attachment style and attitude towards marriage especially about particular gender differences. For instance in Servaty and Weber concerning the relationship between Gender and attitude towards Marriage. Hence this research was intended to investigate the attitude towards marriage and marital satisfaction, and whether the participants’ sex affect or influence in attitude towards marriage and marital satisfaction. The study was conducted on 58 research participants who are married matrimonially in Debre Mihret St. Michael Church. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed for data analysis. The study found that many participants (79.7%) had a positive attitude towards marriage. But some of the respondents don’t feel satisfied and they don’t feel that their partner is a source of happiness for themselves. Finally, though there is no significant gender difference over the attitude towards marriage and marital life satisfaction the study showed insignificant difference when it compared the mean scores, where females had better attitude towards marriage than males having a Mean score of 15.9865 and 15.8286 respectively, and males were found to be more satisfied in their marital life than female participants having a Mean score of 10.9143 and 10.7826 respectively.
Students Behavioral Problems in Governmental Secondary Schools of Arada Sub-City in Addis Ababa
(Addis Ababa University, 2018-06) Birhane, Guesh; Zewde, Teka (PhD)
The purpose of the study was to assess students’ behavioral problems and their relevant causes related to the family, schools, teachers, curriculum, community and peer group pressure, as well as, to review the offering approaches to improve them. The members of the study were selected from Meskerem secondary school, Betelhm secondary school and W/ro Kelemewerk preparatory school of Arada Sub-city in Addis Ababa. The quantitative data was gathered by the help of questionnaire from teachers and students and was analyzed by descriptive statistics that consist of weighted mean and percentage. The qualitative data was gathered from principals/viceprincipals and school counselors by interviews and was analyzed using narrative methods. Available sampling, purposive sampling and stratified random sampling methods were used to select the respondents of the study. According to the finding of the study the types of students’ behavioral problems, the leading ones were late coming to school, dress code violations, absenteeism/truancy, argumentativeness/ defiant disruptive behavior, and inattentiveness. Concerning to causes that are indorsed to the family, the study confirmed low socio-economic status and inadequate monitoring. Like school and administrators related factors, the finding revealed lack of awareness to the problem as an illness, poor commitment to cooperate with the staff members and the school premises not conducive. From the teachers’ side, the study shows becoming poor models and absence of preventive and corrective measures. Causes considered with the curriculum were absence of ethical and moral teaching and becoming out of the societal mental health building. The communities’ negative influence and technology misuse as well as peer pressure considered as a major causes. Furthermore, the approaches delivered to improve the students’ behavioral problems were inappropriate. Finally, the researcher likes to recommend that, school leaders and teachers’ should aware behavioral problems which need psychological treatments as well as the schools have an organizational duty to apply applicable treatment approaches.
Compatibility of Design and Practice of Postgraduate Evening Extension Program with Needs and Developmental Profiles of Adult Learners: The Case of College Of Education and Behavioral Studies, AAU
(Addis Ababa University, 2018-06) Gizaw, Getachew; Tefera, Belay (PhD)
This study attempts to investigate the compatibility of the design and practice of postgraduate evening extension program with needs and developmental profiles of adult learners. To achieve this objective, both qualitative and quantitative study design was employed. The samples were selected using incidental sampling methods. The respondents were 112, 108 rates evening extension program graduate students from CEBS and four instructors from college of education behavioral science, purposefully selected . The data was collected through interview and questionnaire, structured interview guide were designed to gather qualitative and quantitative data from the participants of the research. The data were analyzed and discussed in description analysis method. The finding of the study should that there was compatibility in content, goal and organization of postgraduate education with adult needs and developmental profiles. In contrast Methods and assessment of postgraduate education with adult needs and developmental profiles were not compatible. The findings of the study revealed the college of education and behavioral studies and Addis Ababa University; the study suggest that the curriculum needs to be designed for evening extension program based on he needs and developmental profiles of adult learners and applying the right method of teaching and the targeted assessment.
Inter parental Conflict and Its Influence on Adolescents’ Academic Self-Regulation
(Addis Ababa University, 2015-04) Tamiru, Tiruwork; Vegrecha, Vimla (PhD)
Examining the process how the exposure of adolescents to destructive interparental conflicts influences their academic self-regulation; identifying the major causes of interparental conflicts and types of conflict tactics that parents of adolescents employed to resolve marital conflicts were the main purposes of this study. To investigate these problems, seven research questions were formulated. Data were collected form 421 students of Gion, Fasilo and Bahir Dar Preparatory schools and from 194 mothers of these students through questionnaire and semistructured interview. Eighteen questionnaires from adolescents and 6 questionnaires from mothers were discarded through data screening processes. As a result, the main analysis was done based on 403 adolescents‟ (193 male and 210 female) and 188 mothers‟ questionnaire responses. Percentage, one sample t test, repeated sample t test, independent t test, Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient, and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) were employed to analyze the data collected through questionnaires and description was used to present the data collected through semi-structured interview. Thus, the percentage result of mothers‟ ratings of causes revealed that household responsibility; follow up of child education, child caring, disparity in parenting style, misunderstanding, lack of interest to generate income, carelessness, insufficient income for the family, extravagance and lack of intimacy were the major causes of marital conflicts. The t test results showed that these parents practiced more destructive reasoning than verbal aggression & physical aggression, and more verbal aggression than physical aggression when they resolve marital disagreements. The result of interview also revealed that there are some homes that had applied hostile form of conflict resolution tactics. On the other hand, the independent t test depicted that low self-regulated students reported higher level of conflict property; threat appraisal; self-blame appraisal, and perception of low parental support compared to high self-regulated students. Pearson correlation also revealed a statistically significant negative relationship of academic self-regulation with conflict property, threat, selfblame and low parental support. Consistently, the SEM analysis depicted that interparental conflict negatively influences adolescent‟s academic self-regulation mediated by low parental support and self-blame. Finally, on the basis of these findings conclusions, recommendations and future research directions were forwarded.

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