Executive Master of Business Administration
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Item The Effect of Leadership Styles on Employees Engagement: A Case of Selected Commercial Banks in Ethiopia(A.A.U, 2024-07-28) Mintesnot Beyene; Habtamu Endris (PhD)The purpose of the study is to examine”The effects of leadershipstyles on employee engagement on selected commercial banks of Ethiopia’’ . The key objectives of the study are: to examine the effect of transactional leadership style on employee engagement ,to examine the effect of Laissez-faire leadership style on employee engagement and to examine the effect of transformational leadership style on employee engagement.To achieve this objective mixed research approach and linear regression were used. A total of 60 questioner were distributed to cleriacalemployees out of this 58 respondents completed the questionnaires. The study employed both Descriptive and explanatory research design. Primary and secondary sources of data were used in the study.. The collected data was analysed using SPSS software version 23. In addition, to analyse the collected data descriptive statistics (frequencies means & standard deviations), correlation & regression analysis were used. Findings show that there is a significant relationship between Transformational leadership and employee engagement. Transactional leadership also had a positive effect on the significant subscales of Employee Engagement and laissez-faire leadership had a positive effect as well on the significant sub-contracts of Employee Engagementit. It is recommended that the application of Transformational leadership is more important to create engaged employee in Ethiopian banks rather than transactional and laissez-faire leadership styles.andusing various leadership styles will bring more effectiveness and enhance employee performanceItem Impact of Training on Employee Performance: - the Case of Ethiopian Electric Utility Addis Ababa Electric Utility Office(A.A.U, 2021-10-17) Gebreyesus Berhe; Yohannes W/Aferahu (PhD)This study focuses on the impact of training and on employee performance in Addis Ababa city electric city utility office. The main objective of this study was to find out the impact of staff training on employee performance that currently working in Addis Ababa city, in Electric city utility office. The study has four specific objectives and depends on the specific objectives; the study has the four research questions, conceptual frameworks, theoretical and empirical reviews that were developed. This study was used an explanatory research design, a qualitative and quantitative research approach was used as a research design. The study was accomplished using a cross-sectional survey design through which a stratified and simple random sampling method was used to collect data from respondents. Closes- ended items questionnaire were prepared using English language one-five Likert scale format questionnaires. The reliability of the questionnaire was checked and the result of Cronbach α was 0.841. The questionnaire was distributed to 320 respondents and 305 respondents fully answered the question and it indicates the respondent rate was 95.30%. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 26 was used to analysis of quantitative data from questionnaire and the descriptive and inferential statistical tools were used and Pearson correlation and multiple linear regressions were used to analyze the data. The finding of the study indicates that the most encouraging impact of employee performance were TCTM (73.9%), TMDS (73.2%), TNA (51.5%), and TDO (45.8%) respectively. Since, this study concluded that TCTM, TMDS, TNA, and TDO variables have positive and significant impacts on the employee performance of Addis Ababa Electric city Utility office. Therefore, the study recommended that employee training must be based on a systematically detected knowledge and skill gap in order to maximize both the employee's and the organization's efforts, for organizational success, a suitable budget for training activities must be maintained, as well as efficient use of the assigned resources, the organization should facilitate employees participating in training assessment events and providing feedback for future such activities, as well as documenting best practices for scaling up in similar situations and the influence of training on service quality and client satisfaction will be investigated. Keywords: TCTM, TMDS, TNA, TDO, EEU, HRD, , OJT, T, ANOVA, performance , east, west, and north districts of Addis Ababa city administration utility office.Item The Effect of Leadership Style on Employee Satisfaction in Case of Bank of Abyssinia(A.A.U, 2024-06-18) Kibretsion G/Mariam; Hailemariam G/michael (PhD)The objective of the study was to assess the effect of leadership styles on the employee satisfaction in the case of Bank of Abyssinia. Both explanatory and descriptive research designs were used in this study. Also, a cross-sectional survey design was used in the study. In addition, a quantitative research methodology was applied. The management and employees of Bank of Abyssinia were the study target population. The respondents from each departmental stratum were identified using the random stratified sampling method. Both primary and secondary sources of data were used. The study employed questionnaire and the cross-sectional survey approach to collect data. SPSS V.25, a statistical application, was used for the analysis. Both descriptive and inferential statistics was used to analyse the data. The data was presented and summarized using descriptive statistics like mean, standard deviation, frequency, and percentage. In terms of inferential statistics, the study examined the significance of each independent variable's contribution to the dependent variable using binary logistic regression analysis and used the Pearson correlation coefficient to illustrate the interdependence between the independent and dependent variables. The purpose of the study was to determine which of the three leadership styles has the most favourable and noteworthy influence on Bank of Abyssinia's employee satisfaction. The study suggested the leadership style that the bank should use more frequently in order to improve employee satisfaction. The study concluded that among the three leadership style that the study focused on, only transformational and laissez-faire leadership style have positive significant effects on employee satisfaction of bank of Abyssinia; and transformational leadership style has a greatest impact on employee satisfaction of the bank. The study recommended for the bank to provide complete freedom for its employees to solve problem by their own, employees of the bank should be inspired to explore their maximum potential. Keywords: Job Satisfaction, Leadership Style, Management, Success.Item Factors Determining Profitability of Commercial Banks in Ethiopia(A.A.U, 2025-01-21) Abera Ahmed; Yohannes Werkaferahu(PhD)The aim of this study is to investigate the key determinants which influence commercial banks’ profitability in Ethiopia. The factors which determine banks’ profitability categorized into two: internal and external determinants. The variables chosen to represent internal determinants for this study are: deposit, liquidity, capital adequacy, credit risk, management efficiency. While the external determinants are: market concentration, economic growth, inflation, government regulation. The study is conducted based on secondary data sourced from National Bank of Ethiopia and their audited financial report comprising the financial statement and other performance reports for the last fourteen years (2010-2023). For the purpose of this study one government and eight private commercial banks are considered.The analysis of the data has been done and pooled OLS regression model is selected based on model specification result as an appropriate approach for the analysis. To this end, the model is used to estimate the relationship between banks’ profitability using internal and external factors.The regression analysis showed that the relationship between various factors and Return on Assets (ROA) explained 82% of the variation in ROA. Key findings revealed that deposits (DOP), liquidity (LIQ) and capital adequacy (CAD) had a positive significant effect on ROA. Conversely, credit risk (CRR), market concentration (HHI) and Management Inefficiency (MIN) had a significant negative influence on ROA, highlighting the importance of effective management. Economic factors like GDP and inflation showed insignificant impacts, and regulatory factors such as mandatory bond security purchase were positively associated but lacked statistical significance. Based on the findings of the study, the bank management should strive to: utilize cost effective means of operation, raise the deposit level diversify their investment so as to maximize their profitability.Item Analysis of the Efficiency of Interest Free Banking Windows at Districts Level: the Case of Dashen Bank Sc(A.A.U, 2024-06-28) Mesfin Bezu; Yitbarek Takele(PhD)This study evaluates the efficiency of Dashen Bank's District-level Interest-Free banking operations from July 2018 to June 2023 using the DEA-based Malmquist Productivity Index and a one-step system GMM dynamic data approach. Covering all 12 Districts, the research identifies trends in productivity, emphasizing the intermediary function of banks. The analysis, based on constant returns to scale, compares efficiency and productivity to establish performance benchmarks. Input variables included personnel expenses, operating expenses, and total deposits, while output variables comprised income from financing, advances and investments, service charges, and commissions. Findings indicate a modest average annual efficiency improvement of 0.2%, with significant disparities among Districts. Dire Dawa District led with a 0.6% improvement, while Adama District recorded the lowest efficiency. In terms of total factor productivity (TFP), West Addis Ababa District showed the highest positive change at 17.2%, whereas Adama District had the most significant decline at 20.9%. The study highlights the substantial impact of technological advancements on overall productivity. Districts leading in productivity, such as West Addis Ababa, Wolaita, and South Addis Ababa, demonstrated notable technological improvements of 17.2%, 15.6%, and 15.0%, respectively. The study also revealed that deposit and income growth positively influence district efficiency, while expense growth has a negative but insignificant impact. Strategic recommendations include continuous technology investment, operational efficiency enhancements, scale optimization, baseline efficiency standards, regular performance monitoring, staff development, strategic partnerships, enhanced deposit mobilization, revenue-generating activities, continuous improvement programs, and potential district reorganization to address disparities.Item The Effects of Work Life Balance on Employee Retention in the Case of Unilever Ethiopia Head Office Employees(A.A.U, 2025-01-11) Tsega Berhe; Yohannes Workeaferahu (PhD)The purpose of this study was examine the effects of work life balance on employee retention in the case of Unilever Ethiopia head office employees. The study employed a mixed approach that used numerical and non-numerical data. The study has applied cross-sectional survey design. A target population of the Unilever Ethiopia; Hence, this study focuses on the employees at the headquarters, comprising a total of 150 employees. The population of this study was the employees who are working at Unilever Ethiopia. The research used census approach because the population number was below 200. The researcher received responses from 136 respondents while 14 respondents were not willing, also, purposeful sampling technique was employed to interview the key informant interviews. Collected questionnaires’ data was analyzed by using SPSS 26. Descriptive and inferential analysis methods were applied on the side of quantitative method while thematic analysis was approached. The data reliability was measured by Cronbach alpha, which resulted at 0.984, which shows the data was highly reliable. The overall findings of the study was Unilever Ethiopia employees face moderate challenges in achieving work-life balance, with issues such as high workloads, limited flexibility in work arrangements, and difficulties disconnecting from work, highlighting the need for improved policies to foster employee well-being, satisfaction, and retention. Work overload and Work-Related Stress had significant positive correlation (r=0.840), whereby higher levels of workloads are highly related to higher levels of workrelated stress (p<0.001). the correlation between Work overload and Flexible Work Arrangements was medium positive (r = 0.643, p <0.01) It implies that the higher the employee’s perception of workloads the higher their perception of the need for better flexible work arrangements. Family Role Overload receives a very strong positive correlation coefficient of 0.921r = 0.921, p<0.01p thus summarizing that flexible work arrangements increase family role overload has a positive relationship. The One-Sample t-test results underscore the critical importance of employee retention while highlighting the need for targeted interventions to address work overload, work-related stress, and family role overload through enhanced work-life balance and stress management policies. To enhance employee retention and morale, Unilever Ethiopia should focus on addressing work-life balance challenges, improving job satisfaction, and fostering a supportive work environment while maintaining strengths in training, benefits, and flexible work arrangements. Key Word: Work Overload, Work Related Stress, Work Arrangement, Family Role Overload and Employee RetentionItem Assessment Factors Affecting Digital Marketing Effectiveness: In the case of Ethiotelecom(A.A.U, 2024-01-18) Wesenu Ashetu Abebe; Abera Legesse (Assistant professor)This study described the assessment factors affecting digital marketing effectiveness in the Ethiotelecom. It focused on four key independent variables: infrastructure, search engine optimization (SEO), brand awareness, and organizational dimension. The research aimed to predict how advancements in infrastructure would affect digital marketing performance, assess the impact of evolving SEO strategies on visibility and effectiveness, evaluate the growing significance of brand awareness in customer engagement, and analyze how changes in organizational dimension might influence marketing success. Data were collected through a survey from 384 respondents to gain quantitative insights into the anticipated effects of these factors on digital marketing performance. A qualitative approach was also employed, conducting a thorough literature review of relevant academic, articles and published thesis. Additionally, secondary data from reports and case studies on digital marketing practices and similar contexts were included to enhance the findings and provide a broader perspective. By integrating both primary and secondary data, the research aimed to establish a comprehensive framework for understanding the evolving dynamics of digital marketing in the Ethiopian Ethiotelecom . The findings were expected to offer valuable recommendations for refining digital marketing strategies, particularly in boosting online sales and customer engagement over time. Ultimately this study contributed to the existing literature on digital marketing in developing countries and proposed actionable strategies for improving marketing effectiveness. The central research question was to assess what factors affect digital marketing practices at Ethiopia Telecom-Ethiotelecom ?Item Does Psychological Empowerment and Perceived Organizational Support Influence Organizational Citizenship Behavior Case of Dashen Bank(A.A.U, 2025-01-03) Heran Mulushoa; Habtamu Endris(PhD)The main purpose of the study was to identify the influence that psychological empowerment and perceived organizational support have on organizational citizenship behavior in Dashen Bank. The research uses descriptive and explanatory research designs. Questionnaire were used to gather all necessary data from primary sources through survey. The target population of this research consisted of permanent managers and non-managerial employees working in Dashen Bank in Addis Ababa district in some selected branches. The sample size of the respondents was determined by applying the multi-stage stratified proportional sampling technique. The sampling units of each department were determined based on their number in relation to the entire population of that work unit. A total of 90 sampling units were selected and the questionnaires were distributed. As a result, all the questionnaires were correctly completed, returned and used for analysis. In addition, SPSS version 26 software was used to enter, code and analyze the data collected through the questionnaire. Descriptive analyses such as mean and standard deviation with inferential statistics of correlation and regression analysis were used to analyze, interpret and present the collected data. Therefore, descriptive statistics show that respondents strongly agree on perceived organizational support, psychological empowerment and organizational citizenship, the result of Pearson correlation confirmed the existence of a statistically significant and positive correlation between psychological empowerment and perceived organizational support on organizational citizenship behavior. Finally, the result of the multiple regression revealed that psychological empowerment and perceived organizational support have a statistically significant predictive power on the organizational citizenship behavior of the companies studied, the organization should try to support employees and should empower employees psychologically to improve organizational citizenship behavior.Item Factors Influencing Online Purchase Intentions at Addis Ababa University College of Business and Economics: a Case Study of Kiosks(A.A.U, 2024-01-11) Bisrat Mulugeta; Abera Legesse (PhD)This study investigates the factors influencing online purchase intentions among students at Addis Ababa University College of Business and Economics, focusing specifically on kiosk services. As e- commerce continues to grow, understanding the determinants that affect students' willingness to engage in online transactions is essential for enhancing service delivery and marketing strategies. The research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews to gather data from a diverse sample of students. Key factors examined include perceived ease of use, trust in online platforms, social influence, and perceived value. Findings indicate that trust and perceived ease of use significantly impact students' intentions to purchase online. Additionally, social influence plays a crucial role in shaping purchasing behaviors within the university community. The study concludes by providing recommendations for kiosk operators and policymakers to improve online purchasing experiences, ultimately fostering a more robust e-commerce environment in academic settings. This research contributes to the existing literature on online purchasing behavior in developing contexts and offers insights for future studies on e-commerce adoption among university students. Keywords: online shopping, purchase intention, Addis Ababa University, e-commerce, student behavior, trust, social media marketing.Item The Impact of PMS on EP in the Commercial Bank of Ethiopia: the Case of Kirkos District(A.A.U, 2025-03-19) Denekew Shumete; Abera Legesse (PhD)This study examines the impact of the Performance Management System (PMS) at the Commercial Bank of Ethiopia's Kirkos District on employee performance (EP). The research focuses on four key components of PMS: performance planning, performance monitoring, performance review, and performance rewarding. Data was collected from a sample of 161 employees across 12 randomly selected branches and the district office. A combination of regression analysis and correlation tests was used to explore the relationships between these PMS components and employee performance. The study employed a descriptive and explanatory research design, incorporating both quantitative data from structured questionnaires and qualitative insights from open-ended responses. Secondary data was also gathered through document reviews of internal reports and external literature on PMS in the banking sector. The analyses were performed using SPSS (Version 27). The results indicate significant positive relationships between all four PMS components and employee performance, with performance rewarding showing the strongest correlation (r = 0.712, p = 0.000). The regression model explains 87.4% of the variance in employee performance (R² = 0.874), confirming the positive influence of PMS practices. Statistical tests for normality, homoscedasticity, and autocorrelation confirmed the reliability of the findings. This study highlights the crucial role of a well-structured performance management system enhancing employee performance at the Commercial Bank of Ethiopia’s Kirkos District. The findings offer valuable insights for refining PMS practices in the banking sector and suggest avenues for future research. Keywords: Performance Management System, Employee Performance, Commercial Bank of Ethiopia, Kirkos District, Performance Planning, Performance Monitoring, Performance Review, Performance Rewarding.Item The Effect of Job Stress on Employee Psychological Well-Being: the Case of Abay Bank, North and East District(A.A.U, 2025-01-18) Yohanan Ayfokiru; Meba Tadesse (PhD)The aim of the study was to examine the effect of job stress on employee psychological wellbeing, the case of Abay Bank North and East District, Ethiopia. This study employs a mixed methods research approach to examine the effect of job stress on employee psychological well-being at Abay Bank, North and East District, Ethiopia. Data were collected using purposive and simple random sampling techniques, involving a sample of employees. The study investigates the relationships among workload, role clarity, employee autonomy, and workplace relationships, and their impact on psychological well-being. Data analysis was conducted using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), employing Pearson correlation analysis to identify significant relationships among variables. The results reveal strong positive correlations between role clarity and workplace relationships with psychological well-being, while workload demonstrates a negative correlation. To further explore these relationships, a multiple linear regression model was utilized, explaining a substantial portion of the variance in psychological well-being, with a notable R-value. The ANOVA results indicate that the regression model is statistically significant. Coefficient analysis shows that workplace relationships and employee autonomy significantly enhance psychological well-being, while excessive workload detracts from it, alongside a positive influence from role clarity. These findings highlight the essential need for Abay Bank to implement strategies that manage workload, enhance role clarity, and foster supportive workplace relationships. Keywords: job stress, psychological well-being, workload, role clarity, employee autonomy, workplace relationshipsItem The Effect of Performance Appraisal on Employee Retention: a Case Study in Metropolitan Real Estate Plc(A,A,U, 2025-03-20) Tamrat Araya; Habtamu Endris (PhD)This study is conducted to explore the effect of performance appraisal practices on employee retention at Metropolitan Real Estate Plc. Employing a quantitative research approach, data was collected through a comprehensive survey questionnaire. The study focused on the entire population of 150 Metropolitan Real Estate employees, and a total of 140 employees was used in this analysis. Regression Analysis and Correlations were utilized to thoroughly analyze the data collected using SPSS version 27 to analyze the data meticulously gathered. The findings of the study clearly showed that among the main findings of the study was that from the four factors of effective PA, which are Clarity, Performance appraisal includes continuous feedback, fairness, and transparency, 360-degree feedback in the appraisal has a significant positive effect on employee retention. Based on the model summary, the R square value indicated that the independent variables explained the dependent variable by 0.662. This result implies that continuous feedback, fairness and transparency, and 360-degree feedback accounted for 66.2% of the variance in employee retention. The real estate PA is susceptible to several mistakes and prejudices that can greatly aggravate employee discontent and ultimately result in their resignation. The study has important implications for employee retention in corporate management. The findings of this study can help global managers focus on the specific characteristics that significantly influence employee satisfaction and loyalty when they design and implement effective performance appraisal systems, thereby minimizing the risk of employee turnover and fostering a more committed workforce.Item The Effect of Strategic Human Resource Management Practice on Employee Performance : in the Case ofAwash Bank(AAU, 2025-01-22) Seble Worku Beje; Asres Abitie (PhD)This study aims to analyze the effect of strategic human resource management practice on employee performance in the case of Awash Bank at head office and southern Addis Ababa district branches. The research adopts quantitative research approach in which both descriptive and explanatory research design are applied. For which stratified sampling techniques have been to select the study sample from the target population of the study. Out of the 152 of the bank employees approached for the study from Awash Bank at head office and southern Addis Ababa district 141 employees effectively responded to the research survey questionnaire. Both primary and secondary data sources were applied for this study. The secondary data was used to assess the existing processes, policies, procedures, and forms utilized by the HR department of the Awash Bank while the primary data was collected through a questionnaire that included mainly close-ended questions and some open-ended questions which were applied for respondents at managerial positions. Quantitative data obtained from the survey analyzed using SPSS software package. Statistical analysis techniques like correlation and regressions methods are used to examine the relationship between the dependent Employee performance in our case and independent variables which are SHRM practices such as career planning, training & development, performance appraisal, recruitment, reward management and employee performance. The outcome of the quantitative analyses is presented using bar charts, graphs, pie charts, and tables. Accordingly, quantitative assessment outcomes are presented in the form of frequency distribution tables and bar graphs. The findings of the Regression analysis revealed significant positive correlations between four of the SHRM practices (independent variables) and employee performance metrics. Particularly the reward management and performance appraisal practices had the most substantial impact on employee performance outcomes. While Training & Development and Selection & Recruitment are also expressed positive relationship with the outcome variable, albeit weaker. This study contributes to the understanding of the positive relationship between effective SHRM practices and employee’s performance outcomes. Which in turn offers practical implications for HR strategies and practices in the banking sector.Item Factors Influencing the Public Private Partnership Program Between International Clinical Laboratories and Public Hospitals in Ethiopia(AAU, 2025-03-19) Kirubel Eshetu; Asres Abitie (PhD)The global health system faces unprecedented demands due to population growth, urban migration, aging, and chronic illnesses. Diagnosis is crucial for monitoring patients and preventing diseases. Low- and middle-income countries, such as Ethiopia, struggle with issues of affordability and quality in healthcare. Public-private partnerships aim to bridge these gaps by optimizing the resources of both the public and private sectors. This research aims to determine the success rate of the PPP program between International Clinical Laboratories and public hospitals, as well as the factors that influence this partnership. A quantitative cross-sectional study design was employed to determine the success rate of the PPP program and identify factors influencing program success among clinicians and hospital managers working in public hospitals. A total of 185 participants were involved in this study. The collected data were analyzed to assess its internal consistency using Cronbach's Alpha, following Hair's (2014) recommendation that a value of .70 or higher indicates an acceptable level of consistency. Multi-variate logistics regression was applied to assess the relationship between the independent and dependent variables with a significance level set at P <0.05. Data analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS Version 22.0 for the analysis. The overall proportion of public private partnership program success was 63.2% (95% Confidence interval (CI): 56.2–69.7). Female sex (AOR) = 2.9, 95% (CI) (1.1–7.8), p = 0.039), service accessibility (AOR = 3.6, 95% CI (0.98–13.5), p = 0.045), presence of operational flexibility (AOR = 2.7, 95% CI (1.1–6.8), p = 0.035), and application of Information technology in service delivery (AOR = 4.5, 95% CI (1.5–14.0), p = 0.009) were significantly associated with PPP program success (P<0.05). The success of Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) in the diagnostic business is influenced by gender dynamics, improved service accessibility, operational flexibility, and the use of information technology. Further studies are needed to complement quantitative findings with in-depth qualitative analyses involving key stakeholders to better understand additional potential hidden factors that may influence the success of PPP program.Item The Effect of Customer Relationship Managemnet on Bank’s Perfomance (the Case of Gadaa Bank)(A.A.U, 2025-03-26) Sebasegel Seyoum Gemeda; Abitie Kebede (PhD)The objective of this research is to examine the effect of CRM (data management, interaction management, knowledge management, and technology-based CRM and customer experience) on bank performance in the case of Gadaa Bank. To examine how the foreign currency floatation moderates the CRM and bank performance. Customers and staff of Gadaa Bank provided both quantitative and qualitative data, and a combination of approaches was used in the research. The study took total 469 bank employees and customers samples size for this research. The study examined the relationship between CRM dimensions namely; data management, interaction management, knowledge management, technology-based CRM, and customer experience moderator influence of foreign currency on bank performance. According to the study's findings, CRM significantly affect the bank performance and the results of a moderated multiple linear regression analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between CRM dimensions namely interaction management, knowledge management, technology- based CRM and customer experience on bank performance and the bank needs to give focus on these findings to enhance its customer relationship as its main mission.Item "Investigating the Effectiveness of Traffic Rules, Regulations, and Public Campaigns on Pedestrian Safety in Addis Ababa"(A.A.U, 2024-06-17) Nigist Girma; Habtamu Endris (PhD)The study aims to investigate the effectiveness of traffic rules, regulations, and public campaigns on pedestrian safety in Addis Ababa. It seeks to understand the relationship between enforcement of traffic laws, adherence to regulations, infrastructural changes, public education campaigns, and the resulting pedestrian safety in the city. Employing a mixed-method research approach, the study utilizes both quantitative and qualitative data. A survey questionnaire, designed on a Likert- type scale, was distributed to 384 respondents using convenience sampling. The data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, including Pearson's correlation and multiple regression analysis, to examine the relationship between the independent variables and pedestrian safety. The study found that enforcement of traffic rules, adherence to traffic regulations, infrastructural changes, and public education campaigns all have a positive and significant impact on pedestrian safety. The correlation analysis revealed moderate positive relationships between these factors and pedestrian safety, with infrastructural changes showing the strongest correlation. The research concludes that a multifaceted approach, involving strict enforcement of traffic laws, public adherence to regulations, infrastructural improvements, and effective public education campaigns, is essential for enhancing pedestrian safety in Addis Ababa. The study recommends the implementation of comprehensive traffic management strategies that include the development of pedestrian-friendly infrastructure, continuous public education on road safety, and rigorous enforcement of traffic regulations to ensure a safer environment for pedestrians. Additionally, it suggests further research to explore the long-term sustainability of these interventions and their applicability in different urban contexts.Item An Assessment of Credit Monitoring Activities on interest Free Banking: A Case Study on Cbe Noor(A.A.U, 2024-05-30) Temkina Temam; Temesgen Worku (Phd)In the banking sector, effective risk management systems and monitoring procedures play a pivotal role in assessing progress towards predefined objectives. This study evaluates the credit monitoring practices at CBE Noor in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, focusing on interest-free banking. Data was gathered from 153 respondents across four selected branches of CBE, out of a sample of 177 respondents who completed self-administered questionnaires. A descriptive research design was used for data analysis, which examine main aspects of the study such as client investment monitoring, stakeholder engagement, supervisory infrastructure, and adequacy of professional training in credit monitoring for interest-free banking. The findings indicate a strong positive perception of customer investment monitoring within interest-free banking. Investors show significant interest in the establishment and growth of interest-free banking services. The study highlights the robust supervisory infrastructure of the Commercial Bank of Ethiopia (CBE) in the context of interest-free banking, noting its effective oversight and supportive role in credit facilities. Additionally, the study identifies sufficient qualified personnel dedicated to monitoring interest-free banking activities, despite lower utilization of desktop and online tracking tools. Overall, the study underscores investor confidence and support for interest-free banking initiatives at CBE Noor. It recommends collaborative efforts between CBE and regulatory bodies to enhance regulatory frameworks in specific markets.Item The Effect of Corporate Social Responsibility on Organizational Performance: In the Case of Ethio-Leather Industry Company(A.A.U, 2023-07-20) Afrah Seid; Amare AbawaThis study aims to evaluate The Effect of Corporate Social Responsibility on organizational performance in Ethio Leather Industry Company. Corporate social responsibility has been a topic of interest for many scholars until nowadays and it is very debatable. As per the reviewed literature, the subject has been given low attention in developing countries despite the contribution it has in bringing good reputation for the firms and the controversy in the subject is considered as a gap for this study. This study is Explanatory research which observes causal effect of the three variables (Philanthropic, Legal and Ethical Responsibilities) used to measure CSR by using quantitative research approach. In order to collect data Questionnaire has been distributed for a total sample size of 277 respondents. These questionnaires were distributed to the staff members of ELICO, and all of the responses were collected. Then after, for the data analysis the study uses linear regression analysis through SPSS software version 27 and all of the regression assumptions has been tested. According to the findings the beta value for Philanthropic responsibility=0.37, Beta value for Legal responsibility and Ethical responsibility has been found to be 0.24 and 0.38 respectively. Since the P value for every variable is >0.001, this implies that by keeping constant the other variables, for a unit increase in Philanthropic, Legal and Ethical responsibilities Organizational performance will be enhanced accordingly. Since the independent variable measures has direct and significant effect in performance, it is concluded that CSR has a positive and significant effect in organizational performance. Based on this conclusion it is recommended that the company needs to keep investing this CSR practices in an organized manner and they have to add this CSR practices in their strategic plan and they have to examine and measure the long term effect in the organizational performance.Item Determinants on Distribution of Fast-Moving Consumer Goods in Addis Ababa: The Case of Locally Produced Edible Oil(A.A.U, 2022-05-20) Selamawit G/Egziabher; Asres Abite (Ph.D.)Any organization to be effective there should be a well distribution management system to convey final products from the manufacturer to the consumers. The main objective of this study is to examine the determinants on distribution performance of locally produced edible oil. The study focused on determinants on distribution of fast-moving consumer goods in Addis Ababa for the case of locally produced edible oil which is Tena Oil, product of Health Care Food Manufacturer S.C at the firm of food. A quantitative approach was employed to come across the objectives of the study and to go through all research questions and hypothesis. A total of sixty-seven well-structured close ended questioners were distributed to different professionals and fifty-seven were returned which is 85.1%. After checking the reliability and validity of the primary data it was further analyzed by statistical package for social science (SPSS). Product quality in the distribution system highly affects the distribution of locally produced edible oil in Addis Ababa. The impact of locally produced edible oil quality on the distribution system is the main determinant factor. The product price and end users need is one of the determinant factors in the distribution of locally produced edible oil in Addis Ababa. Under this the Price of the local produced edible oil strongly affecting the performance of the distribution. Influence of product promotion on selling performance have a great impact on distribution of locally produced edible oil in Addis Ababa. Among entities promotion increase the visibility of the product and it is strongly affecting distribution performance. The availability of product influence on companies sells target is the main impact on distribution of locally produced edible oil in Addis Ababa. From different factors product production Consistency strongly affect distribution performance. Among the main distribution determinants; distributor’s experience is the first ranked determinant factor in the distribution of locally produced edible oil scoring a mean value of 3.992. Distributor’s efficiency in the market and product promotion of locally produced edible oil in Addis Ababa become second and third having a mean value of 3.885 and 3.875 respectively. A good warehouse management has a big influence to increase the efficiency distribution. And finally, and distributorsrecommendations are also forwarded for customers accordingly.Item Customers’ Digital Banking Experience: Abay Bank Managers’ Perceptions(A.A.U, 2024-02-10) Hana Fekadu; Mesfen F. (PhD)Digital banking is transforming the banking sector, as well as how banks generate profit and provide services to their clients. With the help of self-service technology, the customer experience becomes the central tenet of banks that have undergone a digital transformation. The goal of this study is to examine how those contemporary technologies affect managers' opinions of customers' experiences with digital banking. Because managers have direct contact with consumers and obtain firsthand information, information gathered from them is essential to improving customer satisfaction. An in-depth analysis of manager interviews at Abay Bank S.C. has been conducted using a qualitative study methodology. The key research issues were addressed in the study's conclusion, along with some suggested applications for financial institutions. Banks should aggressively seek out the explicit and latent requests of different customer groupings, as each customer contact data has the potential to become the source of improving customer experience evaluation. Consumers expect to be able to choose between human interaction and self-service technology. Sensitive topics may be handled by digital solutions that have the maturity to provide security and trust as well as complex functionality. Customers should be familiar with technology regardless of a financial institution's stage of digital transformation, and ethical guidelines should be highly valued by banks in order to promote transparent communication and a sense of value for all types of consumers.