Executive Master of Business Administration

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The Mediating Role of Organizational Culture on The Relationship Between Employee Training and Employee Performance: The Case of Nib Insurance Company S.c,
(AAU, 0024-03-06) Liya Gizaw; Asres A. (PhD)
The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of organizational culture in the relationship between employee training and employee performance within Nib Insurance Company S.C, located in Addis Ababa. Through a quantitative research approach, data was collected using a survey questionnaire consisting validated scales measuring of employee training, organizational culture, and employee performance, were distributed to a sample of 125 employees from various departments within Nib Insurance Company S.C. From the distributed questionnaires 121 (96.8%) responded and data used for analysis. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics and explanatory (ANOVA, correlation, regression and mediation) statistics using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) 23.0 statistical program. The result of the study indicates that employee training and organizational culture are good explanatory variables influencing employee performance. The relationship between employee training and employee performance is mediated by organizational culture partially. In this effect of this mediator on the employee training and employee performance relationship, the statistical significance tells that the change in organizational culture as a mediator influences the relationship between the dependent and independent variables. Organizational culture mediates the relationship between employee training and employee performance positively. The study recommended that the company should continue to prioritize employee training, ensuring its alignment with the desired organizational culture. The company can create a positive work environment that promotes continuous learning and innovation by integrating training and cultural initiatives. This, in turn, can lead to improved employee performance and overall organizational success.
The Human Side of Construction Management a Critical Review of Human Resource Management Effectiveness in the Ethiopian Construction Industry
(A.A.U, 2003-02) Tsegaw, Netsanet; Ayenew, Meheret (Dr)
The construction industry is a large business segment that plays a crucial role in the national development of countries and is particularly paramount in developing economies where there is lack of infrastructure. In Ethiopia, the construction industry suffers from lack of properly educated manpower, deficiencies in construction management skills, inefficient utilization of already trained manpower and a host of other problems. This research is an exploratory investigation of human issues that contribute for the successful completion of construction projects in Ethiopia. Human factors in construction, such as organizational ambience, motivation, leadership and team building practices that help for the better utilization of the resource were assessed. A survey method, using questionnaire and interview techniques, was used to capture employees' attitudes as well as data on employee turnover, absenteeism, lateness and accident rates. The results of the study showed that employees have good job satisfaction. Employee turnover was observed to be low. Peculiar arrangements for work attendance, whereby the 'psychological contract' of work between employers and employees is observed to work out well, are found to be in place. Substantial number of accidents, out of which some were fatal, has been reported. The 'human resource climate' was found out to be conducive as indicated by the level of job satisfaction and employee turnover. Higher self-actualization needs of employees have been catered for through a high degree of freedom in performing tasks and challenging tasks. Employees however perceived that they don't receive a fair amount of pay. The predominant leadership style was found to pe a lassesfaire type but with more task- rather than people-orientation. Team building practices were observed to be low with employees perceiving low team atmosphere, participative meetings and decision-making practices. In order to effectively and efficiently utilize the human resource in the industry, companies are recommended to (1) cater to the basic needs of employees by providing a fair amount of pay, (2) incorporate incentives to tie performance with rewards, (3) have managers with professional training and experience which practice 'people-oriented' leadership style. Such managers would pursue 'wealth-maximization' goals, which focus on effectiveness and visionary leadership than on efficiency and management, (4) improve team atmosphere in their organization for creating effective communication and conflict resolution platforms, and (5) put in place safety policies and ensure their implementation to decrease accident rates.
Labor Absenteeism- The Case of Artistic Printing Enterprise
(A.A.U, 2005-07) Abasambi, Seifu; Khairoowala, Ziauddin (Dr)
The purpose of this study is mainly to identify causes of labor absenteeism in the Artistic Printing Enterprise and to look in to their impact on the production and productivity of the organization under study thereby to suggest suitable measures for improving the conditions of labor absenteeism to an acceptable level. The research is conducted using the descriptive research method. The data required for the research is obtained from both primary and secondary data collection methods. The primary data collection methods were survey through questionnaire and interview. Analysis and interpretation of the data through the aforementioned methods give rise to the following results. As per data analyzed, the overall rate of labor absenteeism for all departments for the two years of investigation (covering the period from March 2003 up to the month of April 2005) was 5.02% i.e. 13.2%+4.8%+2.0%+2.6%+2.5%=25.1 % divided by 5 =5.02% Since the rate of labor absenteeism in the production department is as high as 13.2% on an average for the two years of investigation which is very serious management should take measures to lower it to acceptable level. The 5.02% average rate of labor absenteeism for the whole organization is still out of the tolerable limit as compared to the printing industry of the 1.8% rate. Hence, here also intervention is required to curb the problem. Regarding the impact of labor absenteeism on production and productivity the following hypothetical relationship has been observed. The higher the rate of absenteeism the lower the production of books as clearly observed in the computation. The findings revealed that the average rate of absenteeism in the production department is so serious that management should take measures to minimize to the level acceptable.
Women in Management the Ethiopian Experience
(A.A.U, 2006-06) Djeregna, Jalalie; -, Madhavi (Professor)
This paper is prepared to explore the challenges women managers encounter in their careers. To this end relevant literature was reviewed to assess the state of research in the area. Furthermore, 25 women executives in different organizations were surveyed through interviews and using questionnaires. The questions were not only close-ended but open-ended questions so as to encourage transparent idea sharing. Cross tabulations were derived using related data. Analysis based on these tables led to the salient fact that women in managerial positions face gender based discrimination. Moreover, based on both the analysis and suggestions from the surveyed group, recommendations are given that are directed at tackling problems women face. Also, areas that would be of interest to other fellow researchers have been indicated.
The Role of Labor Unions in Promoting Sound Industrial Relations: A Case Study of St. George Brewery
(A.A.U, 2006-07) Nesro, Menu; Murthy, G.K. (Dr)
Sound industrial relations systems support the effort of building competitive advantage. St. George Brewery managed to establish and maintain relatively better industrial relations systems. The management, union, and a significant proportion of employees have positive attitude to each other. The management encourages unionization. It supports the union in many ways. The management considers the union as consultant on matters of human resource management. There is a spirit of working in a manner of consultation, cooperation, and collaboration. The union-management relation is based on pluralistic approach. The union is accepted by all as legitimate representative of employees. In the past five years, the company has no record of labor disputes that went to external parties such as Conciliators, Labor Relations Board, or Labor Courts for resolution. They believe in resolving industrial disputes and conflicts internally. The majority of workers have trust and confidence in the union. There is 100% union density. The efforts exerted by the union enabled workers to secure annual salary increment, bonus, "Zenbil" system (every four months adjustment of salary), 24-hours life insurance, solidarity fund to cover medical expense including medication abroad as deemed necessary, etc ... The union established and is operating a share company. It is generating its own income through different business lines. It is providing employees financial support every holiday, when an employee is pensioned and suspended from work due to some reasons. The union and workers widely share the idea that attaining more and more benefits is a function of increased productivity, profitability and the growth of the company. The management and majority of employees believe that the union h~s contributed to establishing and maintaining peaceful industrial relations. On average, combining results of the various measurement variables, 71.9% of the respondents reported that the union is strong and the existence of it benefits employees in improving the economic and social life of employees. The interaction of union and management in a matured and rational manner contributed in this regard. Educational mix of the union officials is relatively better than what we commonly experience. An executive member is one of the union officials. The industrial relations situation of the company can be modeled as the amalgamation of rights and obligations based relations, mutual understanding that more benefits are dependent on increased productivity, . profitability, and growth of the company, and increased common interest between workers and executives. Union officials and some segment of workers reported that there are bits of problems on areas of recruitment, promotion, and performance evaluation. Some said the level of communication is not enough. Some even reported dissatisfaction with the performance of the union. In order to keep the system working and fill these gaps the company may systematically introduce policies and practice of ongoing career planning and development, open and transparent communication, regular and systematic performance planning and development systems and more workers' participation and involvement through Quality of Work Life (QWL) programs.
Governance Practices of Ethiopian MFIs: A Study of Selected Units
(A.A.U, 2007-03) Ayalew, Frezer; G.Krishna, Murthy (Professor)
The history of formal microfinance sector m Ethiopia has counted a decade of age. During its existence, the sector has achieved success with respect to reaching and satisfying the micro financial need of the relatively marginalized section of the society. Yet, there exists tremendous unmet demand for the service. In addition, the sector since its existence has been facing a number of challenges hindering its growth and sustainability. Among these challenges, the issue of governance is one of the most pressing challenges facing the sector. This study examines the practices of governance among MFIs with a focus on ownership structure and corporate governance. To this end, this paper made a study on 16 sample MFIs drawn from the sector and identified a number of weaknesses associated with the governance practices of the surveyed MFIs. Accordingly their ownership composition, effectiveness of board composition, functions and responsibilities are not in line with best microfinance governance practices. The form of ownership that almost all MFIs exhibited i.e. nominal shareholding has been found to be unconducive for effective exercise of governance in relation to ensuring commitment and putting in place proper responsibility and accountability among boards that are drawn from shareholders. Thus, local governance standards, code of conduct for boards and risk management guidelines are so far non-existent in the sector. In addition, the poor functioning of dividend policy, performance management system are among the weaknesses revealed in the study. In light of the findings of the study, recommendations that could address the observed weaknesses are forwarded.
Risk Attitude and Rational Decision-making: A Comparative Analysis of Commercial Bank of Ethiopia with Bank of Abyssinia
(A.A.U, 2007-03) Samuel, Dilnesahu; A.Krishman, Rama (Pofessor)
The players in the financial sectors such as banks face multifaceted forces of risk that calls for decision makers who tend to take risks while ensuring proper risk management. Although there is a need for proper risk taking behavior in the Ethiopian banking industry, there is a blurred picture of decision makers ' behavior in this regard. Whether the risk taking behavior of the existing managers in the Ethiopian Banking industry is risk aversive, risk neutral or risk prone, it is kept unnoticed since no research has been made in the area. Besides, whether such behavior varies with individual decisions, private based settings or government based settings is one of the central inquiries of this research. To unfold this, the analysis is made based on mail survey method with two sets of questionnaires administered and distributed to a sum of eighty respondents of Commercial Bank of Ethiopia and of Bank of Abyssinia. The measurement involved various cross checking mechanisms including the use of preference theory of Hammond (1967) and decision analysis. With this procedure, the study arrived at a conclusive result that attitude towards risk is context bounded. That is risk taking behavior improves when the decision maker progressively moves from personal to organizational decision, from individual to group decision, and from government establishment to private establishment in the cases under investigation. The attributed causes to such behavior include personal fear of decision makers, measures taken by owners and the board of directors, the nature of the organization and the imbalance between reward and penalty. Besides, the impact of such behavior on overall organizational performance was also investigated.
A Study of Problems of Foreign Investors in Ethiopia in Floriculture Sector
(A.A.U, 2007-03) Tesfay, Mehret; Murthy, G.K. (Dr)
The economy of Ethiopia is based on agriculture, which accounts for half of gross domestic product (GOP), 60% of exports, and 80% of total employment. Dependent on a few varieties of crops like coffee and oil seeds for its foreign exchange earnings and reliant on imported oil, Ethiopia lacks sufficient foreign exchange. Now days, business is changing fast in Ethiopia. About 10 years ago, there were virtually no foreign private companies in the country. Today, foreign investors are embraced, a gesture of the goodwill and openness of the current profuseness regime. Attracting foreign direct investment (FDI) is a major priority of the government. Ethiopia's comparative advantage lies primarily in its abundant, low-cost, disciplined and trainable labor force, the size of its domestic market, and the numerous river basins affording great potential for irrigation and hydropower generation. Ethiopia's climate and proximity to the Middle East, Europe and other markets provide opportunities for investment in cut flowers and high-value fruit and vegetable production. A number of cut flower and horticultural enterprises have started exporting successfully over the past few years. This study will see the prospects Ethiopia has to offer foreign investors on the floriculture field but will mainly focus on the problems, such as the quality of the infrastructure, especially means of transportation, electricity and telephone services as well as cumbersome administrative procedures. More emphasis is given on the assessment of the problems, which if not timely solved might hinder the country from being competitive on the global market of the sector which is dominated by Netherlands, Colombia and Ecuador as well as Kenya Zimbabwe and Zambia the African forerunners, which have realized tremendous achievements in the sector lately.
Career Orientation of Accounting Professionals in Ethiopia
(A.A.U, 2007-08) Getachew, Asegid; Teklu, Tilahun (Dr.)
The issue of career orientations has become a critical component of career development of professionals in a rapidly changing world. To this effect, the career orientations of professionals employees is considered to have important implications for their job satisfaction, commitment, and retention within organizations. However, career orientations of professionals in general and that of Accounting professionals in particular have not yet been studied in Ethiopia. InvIew of the above, this study examines the career orientation held by accounting professionals in Ethiopia and the variation in the distribution of career orientation among category of accounting professionals having different occupational! professionals status. Data for the study were obtained from 40 accounting professionals working In various organizations in Addis Ababa. The findings of the study suggest that the most prevalent career orientation among accounting professionals included in the sample are service/ dedication to a cause, entrepreneurial creativity, pure challenge and life style. The remaining types of career orientations (technical functional, general management competence, Autonomy/independence, security /stability .) are found to be less predominant. However the results obtained for each dimensions indicated the existence of variation in the distribution of career orientation across the sample categories of accounting professionals.
Determinants of Taxpayers' Voluntary Compliance with Taxation the Case Study of Dire Dawa City
(A.A.U, 2007-08) Tulu, Lemessa; Teklu, Tilahun (Dr)
Improved tax compliance boosts the revenues available for supporting public services without increasing the current tax burden on compliant tax payers. There appears to be a trend in tax compliance policies with initiatives by a number of tax authorities to move towards a more taxpayer focused approach. A number of tax authorities have been moving towards a more sophisticated approach to tax compliance. Traditionally there seems to have been an assumption that tax compliance can be ensured with the help of legal enforcement and penalties. These days this is ceasing to be the case, as the taxpayers are demanding more assistance and fair treatment from the tax authorities. Even there seems to have been a shift in attitudes towards treating the taxpayer less as a passive donor who simply has to be billed for taxes due and more as a customer sometimes requiring particular forms of assistance and support. The voluntary compliance behavior of the taxpayers is determined by various factors and identifying these factors and treating them accordingly should be the central premises of any tax system in order to maintain voluntary compliance at satisfactory levels. This study was meant to identify the determinants of taxpayers ' voluntary compliance in Dire Dawa city. Based on this fact the necessary data were collected using standard questionnaire and analyzed According to the response of the respondents, certain factors were found to be the determinants of taxpayers' voluntmy compliance. These are, tax fairness and equity, organizational strength of the tax authority, awareness level of the taxpayers, sociocultural factors, and provision of social services by the government. Finally, based on the findings possible recommendations were given. These include, maintaining tax fairness and equity, building capacity of the tax authority, conducting extensive awareness creation programs, and providing social services to the general public.
Quality Assurance System in Private Higher Education Institutions (PHEIs) (The Case of St. Mary's University College)
(A.A.U, 2007-08) Mekuria, Merga; Teklu, Tilahun (Dr)
Until recently there were few public higher education institutions in ethiopia. within a very short period of' time. several public as well as private universities have emerged. This unplanned expension of higher education is potentially dangerous for the quality of education. Previous researches with regard to the quality of higher education in Ethiopia stresses that the quality of higher education has been on declining in general, and a robust system of quality assurance has been lack in g. Issues of quality and relevance of higher education need not be viewed in isolation from its expansion. This particular study is. so designed. as to identify whether appropriate and effective teaching. support. assessment and learning opportunities arc provided for students in Saint Mary's university College and check how well the issue of quality assurance system is addressed by it. Data collected through primary data collection techniques concerning the issue of quality assurance system of the University College have thoroughly been analyzed to yield a reliable conclusion on the subject of the study. Promising trends concerning the quality assurance system of St. Mary's University College are high level of in structures' awareness of the mission. vision, direction and the existence of quality assurance endeavor. and high enthusiasm. given the above facts. one may not hesitate to confirm that there is good prospect of quality assurance in the university college under consideration. However. there still arc several shortcomings with regard to scarcity of highly qualified academic staff. high level of academic staff turnover. large class management . students' level of access to computer. and academic staff turnover.
Impact of Non-Existence of Financial Markets in Asset-Liability Management of Ethiopian Financial Institutions
(2008-06) Tilahun, Fekade; Mekonnen, Mehari (PhD)
The subject of Asset-Liability management received more attention in modern financial and risk management of the financial sector. In this project, attempt is made to show the Ethiopian private commercial banks Asset-Liability matching effort. The research was mainly conducted through critical evaluation of the six selected commercial banks. ALM models which are evolved through time and took their current shape are used to determine the positions those banks. The research tried to address the problem of absence of organized financial market in the management of Assets and Liabilities. The outcome of the research suggested that, most of the banks are not in ideal liquidity position. Either, they are skewed to the right or left of the perfect match. It had also been observed that, banks effort towards their foreign currency position impaired by the rigid directives of the central bank. In line with this, potential solutions which were believed to alleviate the problem were recommended. Despite the above fact, bank were able to register remarkable increase in the period of six years from 2002 to 2006.To be successful, however, they are expected to capitalize these phenomena for maximum possible benefits.
Determinants of Consumer Preferences in Addis Ababa Restaurants
(A.A.U, 2008-06) Mamo, Dejene; Shibrie, Zewdie (PhD)
This study was proposed to explore the determinants of consumer preferences in Addis Ababa restaurants. using consumer behavior literatures and theories it was hypothesized that disposable income, price, quality, hygiene practices,friendlines of restaurant staff, safety offood and range or menu variety are important determinants of consumer choice for restaurants. Primary data were generated from 265 customers of 55 restaurants randomly selected with the use of questionnaire of which 258 of the questionnaire ended usable. the non-parametric hypothesis testing statistical tool, chi - square tests, and measures of variation were used for statistical analysis purposes. the anticipation of the researcher was that the hypothesis testing results would be significant in parallel with the hypothesized facts The findings of the research suggest that income has insignificant impact up on quality price trade of among consumers of different income categories. other hypothesis associated with price, quality, friendliness of restaurant staff, 'quick table service and range or menu varieties are found to be statistically significant Over all, the research results suggest that restaurateurs should design marketing strategy that integrates the allributes used in this study to satisfy the needs and wants of their customers and differentiation of their products and services on the basis of the variables scored as they are significant considerations by consumers
Challenges of Reward Management : A Case of Upper Awash Agro Industry Enterprise/UAAIE/
(A.A.U, 2008-06) Kebede, Hailemarlam; Shibire, Zewdie (Dr)
The main objective of this study was to find out what really matters when companies try to reward employees for the contribution they made. To select the sample respondents, random sampling method was used. This was done to give equal and non-zero chance for all and every elements of the target population. Questionnaire and interview were used as a major data collection tools. Fourteen employees, ten from each farm units were sampled. For interview purpose, a couple of managers from the different levels of the enterprise were also considered. Generally speaking, the finding shows that majority of employees are not happy with the reward management practices and process of the enterprise. There is no written and formal reward philosophy and strategy and most decisions are made without the involvement of employees. The pay structure is not coherent and logical with the entire organizational structure. Majority of employees are not happy with the amount of all types of rewards. Finally, the company is exercising severe discriminations in distributing and deciding on the type and size of financial rewards. In deciding the variable payments, non-discriminatory system is used. The system gives credit for the annual performance of the enterprise not individual employees. This method becomes a reason for the conception of increasing number of free riders. However, the simple fact of the matter is, most best performed employees are become dissatisfied and they are not ready to exert their best.
Ethiopia Commodity Exchange--Challenges and Opportunities of Liquidity
(A.A.U, 2008-06) Alemayehu, Mululugeta; Mekonnen, Mehari (Dr)
The Ethiopia Commodity Exchange (ECX), the first organized agricultural market, was established pursuant to Proclamation No. 55012007 as a wholly owned government institution. The expectation is to revolutionize the existing inefficient agricultural market and thereby to bring about a meaningful contribution to the growth of the whole economy. The research, therefore, attempted to address the liquidity challenges and opportunities that might impede and/or facilitate the effort to realize this fundamental shift in marketing system. The research was mainly conducted through observation and critical evaluation of the ECX's model vis-a-vis the environment in which it is operating. The result suggested that there are lots of challenges that might slow down the momentum of the change which might result in disruption the effort to accomplish the stakeholders' expectation. So far, much is left to be desired in terms of designing a strategy to reduce the potential negative impact of the liquidity challenges. In lieu of this, possible solutions intended to be employed as a general road map for specific action plan, are recommended. Despite the foregoing, opportunities are already there to be sCl1ltinized so that their leveraging potential be utilized. In brief, the launching of the ECX is a major breakthrough in Ethiopia's attempt to modernize the existing agricultural market. But, success depends on how swift the reaction might be to the ongoing realities of the country and the major setbacks ahead.
Customer Relation Management: Comparative Analysis of Private and Government Owned Banks
(A.A.U, 2008-07) Adinew, Eyob; Anteneh, Salehu (Dr)
A study was conducted concerning the veteran commercial bank of Ethiopia and some randomly assumed private banks[dashen bank, united bank, wogagen bank and nib international bank] on the topic of customer relation management (comparative analysis of the two banks). The main objective of the study was to find out whether there is a significance difference in the customer relation management [CRM] as far as the two banks are concerned. Such study will help the banks to assess their current performance in relation to the issue raised. In the current free market economy effective manipulation of marketing strategies towards customer satisfaction strongly determines company's long run survival. To further carry out the objectives, the necessary data were collected using primary methods. Questionnaires were distributed to the customers and interviews were made with the banks officers. Secondary sources were also reviewed to come up with accurate remedy. Apart from this, sample sizes of 150 customers were assumed randomly from each sector. Then the data collected were edited, tabulated and some logical inferences drawn. The result of the study was analyzed using hypothesis testing (z distribution) and simple descriptive statistics. The out put of the study revealed that there is a significant difference between private and government owned banks as long as customer relation management is concerned. That is, when relatively seen with government owned banks, Private Banks recorded outstanding customer relation management system.
Bank Credit Financing and Manufacturing Sector Performance The Case of Commercial Bank of Ethiopia
(Addis Ababa University, 2015-10) Bitew, Embiale; Tekle, Yitbarek (PhD)
The idea of banks financing the private sector as an engine of economic growth has a long history. The long-held belief of positive relationship between credit financing and manufacture sector growth has prompted to be a principal component of policy advice in many developing countries. However, it is still an issue of high debate between developed and developing nations governments and policy makers. Nowadays, many empirical studies confirm the existence of strong and positive link between credit financing and economic growth in general and manufacturing sector in particular while few found significant negative relationship. Thus, the long-run and short-run impact of credit financing on manufacturing sector performance is analyzed using Johansson method of co-integration approach and Vector Autoregressive Model (VARM) based on annual data for the period 1974/75-2013/14. The results suggest the existence of significant positive impact and insignificant negative impact of trade credit financing on manufacturing sector growth in the long and short-run respectively. As a result, an evidence for strategic financing of infant domestic manufacturing industries meant to foster economic growth of the nation has been inferred.
The Role of Training on Employee performance: The case of chain Hotels in Addis Ababa
(Addis Ababa University, 2017-05) Wubalem, Taddese; Zewdie, Shibre (PhD)
The aim of this study is to investigate the interface between training and employee performance in chain hotels located in Addis Ababa. The specific objectives were to assess the nature of training practice used in the Hotels and to investigate if there is a relationship between training practice, delivery mode and employee performance. This research has reviewed previous literature to assess the relationship between training practice, delivery mode and employee performance. To achieve this objective, descriptive research design were used to analyze the data collected through questionnaire from a sample of 248 hotel employees. These respondents were selected using simple random sampling method. The questionnaires were analyzed using descriptive statistics, one way ANOVA ,correlation and regression with the support of statistical software program namely Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS version 20) for analyses and summarization purposes. The finding reveals that the relationship between Training Practice, Delivery Mode, and employee performance is positive and significant. The research has confirmed that training has a relationship with employee performance. Based on the findings of the study, the researcher recommended that the hotels should introduce more training programs for employees, which are more suitable to the skills needed at work, as well as they should give employees equal opportunities for attending the training courses.
Assessment of Learning and Development Practice: The Case of Dashen Bank
(2017-05) Habtamu, Derbie; Gemechu, Waktola (PhD)
The research aims at assessment of Learning and Development practices in Dashen Bank with due emphasis on L&D alignment with business strategy, management support of L&D practice ,L&D evaluation mechanisms, nature of L&D system and L&D integration with reward and Performance management system. Accordingly, all the necessary data has been gathered from primary sources using questionnaires and interviews and secondary data such as source manuals of Dashen Bank. Simple random sampling technique was used and the number of participants was 344 Head office and city branch employees. The researcher used descriptive analysis with the help of tables and percentages to analyse the data. The study revealed that the major weaknesses of the company in learning and development practices being absence of integration with reward system of the organization, failure of line managers’ support and the functional position of L&D in the organization structure. The identified strengths include being provision of technical trainings, suitable training facility, and top level management commitment on Valuing of L&D function . Hence, the Company needs to keep up with its strengths and alleviate its weaknesses by adopting a strategic approach of L&D practices.
Determinants of Commercial Banks’ Lending performance: The Case of Private Commercial Banks in Ethiopia
(Addis Ababa University, 2017-06) Aderajew, Abera; Gebremedin, Gebrehiwot (Ato)
The main aim of this study was to identify and examining the macroeconomic and bank-specific factors that determine private commercial banks’ lending performance in Ethiopia. In order to achieve this objective, data was collected from eight private commercial banks in Ethiopia operating over the period from 2007 to 2016. Four bank-specific (bank size, customer deposit, nonperforming loan and advance and liquidity) and three macroeconomic (cash reserve requirement, interest rate and gross domestic product) variables were analyzed by using the random effect regression model. The study revealed that bank size, cash reserve requirement and interest rate had positive and significant impact; while nonperforming loan and advance and interest rate had negative and significant impact on private commercial banks’ lending performance in Ethiopia. However, customer deposit and gross domestic product had no statistically significant impact on private commercial banks’ lending performance in Ethiopia. The study suggests that the private commercial banks operating in Ethiopia should work towards minimizing their nonperforming loans and advances to improve their lending performance; should give due attention on pricing of their loan and advance and consider the macroeconomic environment while developing their strategies.

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