Physics Education

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The Attitudes of Students with Visual Impairments Toward Physical Education
(Addis Ababa University, 2001-06) Degefa Abdi; Yusuf Ome
This study was conducted in Ormiya Region West Shoa zone two schools- namely Bako and Sebeta schools for the Blinds. Its attempt was to disclose the attitudes related to physical education encountered by children with visual impairments. 100 subjects of whom 60 males and 40 females were part of the study. Questionnaire was the main instrument of the study which was adapted from the Standard Attitude Survey Test of Seaman's (J 970) Attitude Inventory. School directors and physical education teachers were interviewed with the help of an interview protocol designed for discussion. The main findings of the study was that students with visual impairments were in favor of physical education irrespective of sex, age and grade level. On the other hand, teachers of physical education were found to be indifferent to teaching physical education to visually impaired children and were less interested in their profession. Interestingly, the congenitally and totally blind students were the ones who were found to favor physical education than the adventitiously and partially sighted students. In fact, though these students seem to favor physical education as a subject, they were viii found to oppose the grading that enables them promote from grades to grades. Finally, the findings call the attention of MOE, MOLSA, Ethiopian Disabled Peoples' Sports Federation and concerned NGOs to focus on special education programs in general and physical education in particular so that better work could be done to promote quality physical education programs at schools.
Assessment of Quality of Graduate Studies at Addis Ababa University: the Case of Selected Programs in College of Education and Behavioral Studies
(Addis Ababa University, 2010-11) Bekele Gikamo; Firdissa Jebessa
The purpose of this study was to assess the quality of education in selected graduate programs at the College of Education and Behavioral Studies (CEBS), AAU. The sample programs were selected on the basis of purposive and availability sampling techniques. The study examined the perceptions of academic community about quality of education, curriculum design and development practices, academic staff profile, students profile and the state of non-human resources as the key issues in assessing the quality of programs. For this purpose, one of the Mixed Methods Design, Concurrent Triangulation was used. Both qualitative and quantitative data were simultaneously collected using Interview, FGD with graduate students, Questionnaires and document review. Data obtained from interviews, FGD, and open-ended questionnaires were analyzed qualitatively, while close-ended questionnaires were analyzed quantitatively using frequency and percentages. The results of the analysis showed that the sampled graduate programs at the CEBS have fairly qualified academic staff while the number and composition is found to be inadequate. There were poor provision of teaching-learning resources such as recent books and journals in the library system. Its location and the physical facilities were found to be inadequate to sit and study for longer hours. ICT applications including the Internet services to both instructors and students were rated as very poor. Regarding the classrooms, both instructors and students have expressed their felt need that there is shortage, mismanagement, and lack of facilities such as chairs, light, plugs and related equipments. Hence, it was found that research activities both by instructors and graduate students were inadequate. Graduate students have also complained of the inconvenience they face due to lack of accommodation services which they should have been provided by the University and its impact on their academic performance. Therefore, it can be concluded that such shortcomings would badly affect the quality of graduate programs. Hence, it is recommended that the CEBS/AAU should invest on resources in the way of improving the existing adverse situations encountered in the teaching- learning processes of the graduate programs
Major Problems in Implementing Physical Education Curriculum in Grade 9 and10 General Secondary Schools of Majang Zone Gambella Regional State
(Addis Ababa University, 2016-08) Sisay Hailu; Solomon Teka
The main purpose of this study was to assess the major problems in implementing physical education curriculum in Grade 9 and 10 General secondary schools of Majang zone Gambella regional state. In order to meet the objective of the study, a descriptive survey design was employed. The researcher selected 8 teachers by availability sampling technique, 4 principals were selected by availability sampling technique, 120 students were selected purposively and 4 secondary schools were selected by random sampling technique by using lottery method. To collect data questionnaires, interview, observation and document analysis were used. Frequency, percentage, Mean, standard devotion and t-value were used to analyze the quantitative data. The data obtained through open-ended questions from questionnaires, interview, observation and documents were qualitatively analyzed to supplement the quantitative data for the purpose of triangulation. The results from the finding showed that students and teachers in Majang zone secondary schools were highly interested to the subject. With regard to factors affecting teachers in implementing the curriculum, lack of subject matter knowledge, lack of commitment, lack of time and teaching aids were factors. Based on the finding of the study the surveyed schools have not materials, facilities and inconsistent communication among different stakeholders. As the finding revealed physical education curriculum implementation in Majang zone secondary schools were not effective. Therefore on the basis of the findings the following recommendations were forwarded. It is advisable that school principals, Woreda and Zone education offices in collaborate with regional education bureau should give sustainable technical assistance, training for physical education teachers, materials and financial support for department. Finally Ministry of education look again the period allotted for physical education.
Problem of Female Students Participation in Practical Class of Physical education in Case of Government Secondary Schools in Arsi Zone Jeju Woreda Oromia Regional State
(Addis Ababa University, 2016-09) Hailu Negash; Wondimu Tadesse
The purpose of this study was to assess the problem of female students’ participation in practical class of physical education in secondary schools of Arsi zone Jeju woreda Oromia Regional State in focus. To achieve these purpose 130 female students, 4 school principals and 4 PE teachers were selected as a study sample. The data gathering instruments were questionnaire, interview and observation. For quantitative data, the questionnaire was distributed to female students and PE teachers, for qualitative data interviews was conducted with school principals and observation was conducted with the researcher. For this study the researcher employed descriptive survey research design. The data were analyzed through descriptive statistic (frequency and percentage). The result clearly showed that there are many factors, which hinders female students’ participation in PE classes. This include cultural influence, lack of awareness in female students, absence of suitable facility and equipment of practical class in PE , lack of special focus for female students in practical session, lack of sport wearing, loss of conducive environment for doing physical activities and lack of time. To this end, develop the awareness of the female students, using appropriate teaching materials, providing the require facilities, doing interactively school principals, and encourage female students to engage in different PE practical activities can help in improvement of participation of female students. Key words: Physical activity, Principal, cultural influence, awareness, environment
Assessment of Class-size, Facilities and Equipments as Impediment for Developing Skills Secondary School Students in Teaching Basketball and Handball
(Addis Ababa University, 2016-09-01) Fekadu Worku; Sahlemichael Bizuneh
The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of class-size and availability, adequacy and appropriateness of facilities and equipment in developing the skills of preparatory students in teaching Basketball and Handball. The research design employed to carry - out this research is a descriptive-survey. The sources of data for this research were documents, students, Physical Education teachers of grade eleven and twelve respectively. All the 7 (seven) teachers teaching Physical Education were involved in the study. There were 3222 Students in the five preparatory schools of Shashemene town. Among 3222 the total population 1956 was males and 1266 were females. Hence, 10% of the total student population 322 students (195 male and 127 female) were selected as a representative sample through Stratified and systematic random sampling methods. The instruments used for the data collection were questionnaires, interview, documents and observation. The data collected through the above instruments were analysed by quantitative and qualitative methods. The study carried out among the five preparatory schools revealed that large class-size, inadequacy, inappropriateness and absence of facilities and equipments were impediments for developing skills of students in teaching Basketball and Handball. Generally, large class-size, absence and inadequacy of facilities and equipments were the major impediments in developing skills of students in teaching Basketball and Handball. So, to help students learn and develop skills in Basketball and Handball schools should work with stakeholders to minimize the number of students in one section and also should increase the adequacy and fulfil the necessary facilities and equipments needed for learning Basketball and Handball
Job Related Stress and Familial Relationship among Addis Ababa Police Commission Crime Prevention Officers
(Addis Ababa University, 2016-10) Kagnu Ababiya; Demelash Kassaye
This study was conducted to determining major sources of police job related stress and its effects among police officers’ familial relationship. By its nature police job is accompany with cruelest, disruptive and distrustful aspects of the humanity on the customary bases along with poor organizational atmosphere, low personal income, family related prob-lems, poor social health and clearly bureaucratic nature of the organization. The descrip-tive survey supplemented with qualitative methods was used to examine possible sources of police job related stress and its effects in familial relationship. The study population (N=150) it comprises police officers from different genders and rank levels from Addis Ababa police commission crime prevention unit deployed in 6 areal community police stations in Nifes Silk Lafeto- sub-city. The findings shows that even though the officers had enormous sources of job related stress and the coping mechanism implemented to reduce the effects of job related stress in the familial relationship was poor; the familial relationship of officers was identified as doing well. Finally, different recommendations were forwarded by police seniors and by the police supervisors to the police commission in order to supply facilities which can aid officers to reduce job related stress and its ef-fects in the familial relationship.
Physical Activity Pattern and Its Influencing Factors Among Preparatory School Students in Bishoftu Town: Application of Some Constructs in Health Belief Model
(Addis ababa University, 2016-10-03) Shibru Bekele; Bezabih Wolde
This day it is believed that regular and moderate physical activity has positive role for the health of human being. Meanwhile most of adolescents are not benefited from this as they have no trend of spending the required time for physical activity. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the roles of self-efficacy, benefits of and barriers to physical activity and its relationship with physical activity in male and female preparatory school students. And with central objectives of the research in mind, cross-sectional, descriptive study design on the basis of its relevance to the study is applied. Target subjects were also selected systematically and n=150 students as the sample size from the total population N=240 was selected. As of the data presentation, analysis and discussion shows students of preparatory school in Bishoftu Town have a trend of spending less time for physical activity even with respect to the general recommendation of 60 minutes daily for the sake of healthy life. Meanwhile self-efficacy, perceived benefit and perceived barriers are the strongest predictors to change health behavior related to physical activity. So it is for the regarded bodies to engage their efforts to enhance self-efficacy, perceived benefit and perceived barrier for enhancing students’ positive behavioral change in exercising physical activity.
Challenges of Implementing Continuous Assessment in Practical Classes of Physical Education in Metekel Zone Preparatory Schools
(Addis Ababa University, 2017-03-01) Kefyalew Deresso; Mekbib Alemu
The purpose of this study was to assess the challenges of implementing continuous assessment in physical education practical exercise class in preparatory school of Metekel Zone. The participant of this study were 27 physical education teachers, 11 department heads and 11 schools principals in the preparatory schools in Metekel zone. Hence, the research design descriptive survey was used in this study to identify and assess the major problems with regard to continuous assessment. Data was gathered using Questionnaires, Interviews, Observations and Document analysis. The teachers’ implementation of continuous assessment with respect to age, sex, qualification, teaching experience and teaching load per week were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics such as chi-square=3.84, p≤0.05 = significance, p˃0.05 =none significance when between two group chi-square less than 3.84 and P-value greater than 0.05 statistics level of significance which shows that there is no statistically significant difference between the two groups .However, most of finding was significance and some of finding are none significance. According to the study many challenges that affect the implementations of continuous assessment such as: large class size, teaching load per week, shortage of equipment and materials, allotment Period per week, lack of in service training about continuous assessment, unbalanced teachers to student ratio, and lack of willingness to implement continuous assessment, lack of awareness and knowledge. To reduce the above challenges of implementation of continuous assessment in physical education practical exercise class it was recommended that the concerned body such as minister of education, regional education bureau, zone education bureau, woreda education bureau and school management body should be work closely to improve the challenges.
Female Students’ Participation In Physical Education Practical Classes in Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Region: The Case of Secondary Schools of Kaffa Zone
(Addis ababa University, 2017-09-30) Girma Gebre; Solomon Areaya
The main purpose of the study was to identify the female students’ participation in Physical education practical classes: the case of general secondary schools of kaffa zone. In the zone secondary schools, female students have low participation in physical education practical classes. The low participation of female students initiated the researcher to conduct the research. To this end, descriptive survey method was employed. To collect the necessary data for the study observation, interview and questionnaires were used. Questionnaire, interview and observation were employed as the main data collecting tools. Then, the collected data through Classroom observations and interviews were analyzed using qualitatively and the questionnaire was analyzed quantitatively. The findings showed that the school teachers’ did not give attention toward female students about the relation of health and practical exercise activities. Furthermore, the school teachers’ did not accustom to encourage students and generate practical activities. They did not select enjoyable and suitable tasks for the female students. Cultivating self-esteem in students can help to lead them to achievement because feeling of high self-esteem can lead to successful academic performance especially females’ students. Hence females’ students have to be motivated and be given moral in every angle in the society by providing support such as sport materials, preparing suitable clothes changing rooms and sport fields as well as enjoyable and suitable tasks. Hence, it is recommended that depending on the results of findings, concerned bodies such as parents, teachers, participants and woreda educational bureau, etc should work together to make female students more active on practical tasks. To give equal opportunity and access in practical physical education tasks with their male counterparts, to exert maximum effort to work closely with the community to provide different services for female students, increasing the number of female physical education role model, teachers to encourage and participate female students, to involve teachers, to overcome the problems that affect female students from participating in physical education activities through awareness, to give regular counseling for female students on the bases of their performance should be done.
The Relationship Between Socioeconomic Marginalization and Students’ Academic Achievement, The Case of Manjosocial Group in Kafa Zone
(Addis Ababa University, 2017-10) Amare Gebru; Habtamu Wondimu
The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between socio economic marginalization and students’ academic achievement, the case of Manjo students in kefa zone. (South Western Ethiopia) In this study, students from Manjo cultural group and the mainstream Kefa, teachers and school directors, education experts, community leaders and coordinators of Nongovernmental organizations have participated. Student roaster is another source of data for the study. The methods used in this study is ethnographic. Quantitative data is also used only where it is necessary. Socio economic Scale, interview, and document analysis were the instruments used for data collection. The findings of the study indicated that Manjo families have low socio economic status the bi-variate analysis has indicated that Manjo students’ low academic achievement is strongly correlated with their socio economic marginalization. According to the findings, Manjo students with bright mined are at disappointment because of social exclusion and economic marginalization. As a result, their academic achievement in all levels of schooling is by far behind Non-Manjo students. Parent’s educational background, occupation of parents, type of house, monthly per capita income, study hour and family support are the major factors influencing Manjo students’ academic achievement. The recommendation includes Economic Empowerment of Manjo cultural group, Educating and mobilizing the society against discriminatory attitudes and practices, encouraging the participation of Manjo in social, economic and political life, and providing training for teachers, principals and Parent-Teacher Associations (PTA) on how to handle students with diverse cultural background etc Keywords: Socio economic, marginalization, achievement, Inclusion
Psychological Well-being of Married and Unmarried Postgraduate Students in the College of Education and Behavioral Studies, Addis Ababa University
(Addis Ababa University, 2018-06) Nebiyou Bedilu; Belay Tefera
The objective of this study was to compare the psychological well-being of married and unmarried postgraduate students in Addis Ababa University.Quantitative method was employed to achieve the research objectives. For this purpose, 300 (200 male and 100 female) postgraduate students of the College of Education and Behavioral Studiesof Addis Ababa University were selected throughsimple random, stratified, and systematic sampling techniques.A psychological wellbeing scale (Ryff, 1989) with demographic questions wereused to collect data. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and t-test were conducted for data analysis. Findings revealed that unmarried students were found to have a significantly lower psychological wellbeing as compared to the married postgraduate students. Results from Pearson correlation analysis also revealed that Education level was significantly and positively correlated with psychological wellbeing whereas marital status was significantly and negatively correlated with psychological wellbeing. Age was not significantly related with psychological wellbeing.Therefore, the media, professional and religious institutions, family and the society at large has to teach those young men and women about the benefits of being married boldly
Maternal Attitudes towards Giving Birth in Some Selected Health Facilities and its Associated factors in kirkos Sub-city Addis Ababa
(Addis Ababa University, 2018-11) Million Assefa; Tigest Wuhib
The major objective of the present study is to examine the attitudes of mothers towards giving birth in some selected health facilities, whether their attitudes varies across the selected health facilities, selected demographic variables and its relation with service provided in the health facilities. For these reason, a quantitative non experimental research design employed which allows descriptive method. Both random and non-random sampling methods were employed. The study was conducted in Kirkos sub city, since it have large population size with more exposure to modernity, urbanization and industrialization as well as well-known former health facilities available, compared to the other sub cities. Specifically, using simple random sampling among the woredas in the sub city, woreda 02 selected and using anon- random sampling which was purposive the health facilities were selected since the only available health facilities that gave maternity service were only the two selected health facilities which was Efoyita health center and Marie Stops International private clinic Ethiopia. A total of 500 participants each 250 from private and 250 from public were participated. In addition, data were generated from primary sources using quantitative methods (Likert scaled questionnaires). In order to report research questions data were analyzed using independent t-test, one way ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient techniques. Consequently, the current study generally revealed several important findings about maternal attitude in giving birth in the selected health facilities. First, That maternal attitude varies across the private and the public health facilities. Second maternal attitude in giving birth varies by the level of education and number of children that the mother have. Third, maternal attitude do not vary across the health facilities by age and residence. Fourth, that maternal attitude is strongly related with quality of service provided in the selected health facilities. Moreover, based on the results of the study, the following conclusions were drawn. Maternal attitude differs in the individual health facilities and that maternal attitude influences preference of place to give birth, mothers with higher level of education and low number of children have better attitude in giving birth in the selected health facilities and that quality of service provided by the health facilities influences maternal attitude. Key words: maternal attitude, private health facility, public health facility.
Assessing Teachers’ Attitude towards the Inclusion of Students with Autism in Selected Schools in Addis Ababa
(Addis Ababa University, 2018-11) Assel Yilma,; Moges Ayalew
The purpose of this research is to assess teachers’ attitude towards the inclusion of students with autism in Addis Ababa in the general education classroom highlighting individual teacher characteristics and factors that can potentially be in agreement or disagreement with inclusion. To this end, mixed methods of research approach were employed where explanatory sequential mixed methodsof design, which quantitative (survey) and qualitative (phenomenological) research design or strategies were implemented respectively.Interview questions ware used as data gathering tools. The responses were interpreted and analysed using descriptive, ANOVA and post-hoc comparison analysis methods. Data were collected from a strata formed containing two from each setting governmental, private local and private foreign schools with a population of 375 teachers, then out of the strata formed 180 randomly selected sample for the survey and 10 participant for the interview question through a demographic questionnaire and a modified version of the Teacher Attitudes toward Inclusion Scale (TATIS, Cullen, Gregory& Noto, 2010) and using interview questions for the purpose of triangulation. Teacher attitude toward inclusion of students with autism as measured by the modified TA TIS was overall positive. A statistically significant result was noted with the TATIS Full Scale score and the following teacher characteristics: severity level of autism and having basic autism training. A statistically significant difference was noted between regular and special education teachers and between governmental and private school teachers when assessing teachers’ attitude towards the inclusion of children living with autism. At last the researcher recommended that there should be a support system that can reduce regular teacher exhaustion to teach autistic student with different levels of severity, that regular and special need teacher must be provided with adequate formal and basic training, government should strengthen special need program and produce more special need teacher trained specifically towards the disability and provide enabling resource and setting and at last but not least incentives and acknowledgment for teachers working with these student are few recommendation given which can remedy the situation at hand.
Parental Beliefs, Values and Practices of Child Rearing Among the Kechene Parents in Addis Ababa
(Addis Ababa University, 2018-11) Bruktawit Worku; Teka Zewdie
The purpose of the study was to examine the experiences of parents‟ values and beliefs and the influence of these parental values during childrearing practices in parents Kechene community, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Grounded theory guided the data analysis and interpretation processes of the study. The participant of the study were parents raising children in Kechene community and active member of the community, who regularly engage in vital functions of the community such as community leaders and teachers (n=30, 12 fathers & 18 mothers). Data has been collected through semi-structured interview (n=10) and FGD (two groups of 10 parents). Around 80% of the parents reported that the desired values their children to inherit in obedience, religiosity, collective/social, patriotic (love their country), compliant and hardworking behaviors, whereas, the undesired values that their children must not inherit are bad behaviors (deception, disrespecting others and stealing), disobedience and being substance addict. Almost all parents believe that children are gift from God and others added that children as assets, who support their parents and younger siblings later in life, whereas, others believe that children are destiny of life. More than threefold of the parents also favor disciplining by physical punishment with proper intensity as well as accept parental involvement to include both fathers and mothers in the socialization process starting from the early age. Most parents expressed that parental values and beliefs influence their childrearing practice in a way that more or less they agree that they believe in inheritance of their religious values and cultural sex role execution that gives boys more freedom than girls. Implications for future research and practice called for the importance of developing and using contextual knowledge to help parents receive appropriate intervention.
Practices, Opportunities and Challenges of Skills and Work Related Prison Rehabilitation Programs at Kaliti Prisoners Correction Center
(Addis Ababa University, 2019-06) Abebaw Tilahun; Abebaw Minaye
Inmates are not permanently criminal and it is possible to restore them. The main objective of this study was to assess practices, opportunities and challenges of skill and work related prison rehabilitation programs at Kaliti correction and rehabilitation center. A mixed method and concurrent convergent parallel design was employed. A quantitative data was collected from 131 inmates selected through simple random sampling among those who were participating in the rehabilitation program. Qualitative data was gathered from nine participants using Semi structured interview guide and document review was made. The quantitative data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. The qualitative data were analyzed using thematic content analyses. The findings of the study showed that, Majority of Inmates (62.6%) who participated in the skill and work related rehabilitation program had a high extent of involvement in the rehabilitation program and 76.3% of them perceived the program as successful. Three key factors were identified as challenges of the rehabilitation program that were administrative related challenges, infrastructural or resource related challenges and inmates motivation related challenges. However, there were different opportunities to improve the rehabilitation program like the support of concerned stakeholders and NGOs. Yet, the prison administration failed to use such opportunities. Moreover, this study revealed that, there was significant perception difference between male and female inmates towards practices, opportunities and challenges of the rehabilitation program. But no difference was observed among inmates in terms of their age group, educational status and participation years with exception of resource related challenges that showed significance difference between inmates who completed high school and those who had diploma. Regarding perception of inmates towards the success of the rehabilitation program no difference was observed among inmates based on their sex, age group and educational status. The major conclusion of the study is that there is both high involvement and positive perception of inmates towards the rehabilitation program even if the program faced with many challenges. So, based on this conclusion recommendations were made. Key words: Rehabilitation, Skills training, Work program, Inmates.
The Development of the Features of Positive Youth Development among Youth Who Are Practicing Circus Art at Fekat Circus Club in Addis Ababa
(Addis Ababa University, 2019-07) Abaynesh Biru; Yekoyealem Desie
This study has explored the development of the features of Positive Youth Development (PYD) which are the Five Cs (Caring, Character, Connection, Competence and Confidence) among youth at Fekat Circus Club in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A total of 35 participants of whom 24 were permanently practicing circus and 11 trainees who were under training took part in the study. The research used a mixed method design to examine the real life contextual understandings regarding the circus art and the development of the features of PYD at Fekat Circus Club. The quantitative data was collected using the short version of the measurement scale of Positive Youth Development developed by John Gheldof (2014) based on the original measuring scale developed by Lerner, (2005), whereas the qualitative data was collected through interviews with those who were managing the club, trainers, trainees, and technical advisor. The responses from all interviewees supported the result from the quantitative data that development of the features of PYD were significant among youth who were practicing circus art. Results showed that participants of the study had highest means in all the Five Cs and respondents confirmed that the features of PYD were manifested on themselves and friends. It is recommended that it will be important to exert efforts to raise the level of awareness of the community, government bodies and other stakeholders to consider circus art as a tool to PYD so that it can get the necessary support and input to grow and serve the youth population
Teachers’assessment Approches in Physical Educaton Sessions in Some Selected Secondary Schools of Hadiya Zone Snnp Reginal State
(Addis Ababa University, 2019-08-01) Takele Solomon; Mulugeta Hagos
The purpose of this study was to assess the teacher’s assessment approaches in physical education session on selected secondary schools of Hadiya Zone. The study sought to gain an understanding of the extent to which teachers use different assessment approaches and tools to understand and support the learning and teaching processes of physical education. The study involved two secondary schools which were simple random sampling selected from seven secondary schools. The research design used a mixed research approach. The samples of the study were taken from Mishduna and Dansahafule secondary schools comprised 120 students,8 physical education teachers and 2principals were included as sample. Simple random sampling method was used to select the students and physical education teachers, while purposive sampling method was used to select the school principals. The data were gathered through questionnaire, observation and interview. The study incorporates both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The data which were collected through questionnaire were analyzed by using frequency, percentage and SPSS software versions 20. The data gathering through open ended questions, interview and observation were analyzed qualitatively through narrations for the purpose of triangulation. As the findings of this study revealed that the basic factors that affect the teachers’ assessment techniques are: lack of training, lack of materials and equipment’s to assess their students in teaching physical education sessions, teachers’ assessment techniques in physical education, assessment methods that teachers used to measure their students, and no clear assessment guidelines. The following recommendation were forwarded: The provision of practical training on the use of assessment techniques, the preparation of assessment guidelines for physical education teachers, fulfilling necessary materials and equipment’s’ for effective practice of assessment techniques and the schools have to support physical education teachers for the implementation of assessment.
Assessment of Teachers` Instructional Strategies and Students` Engagement in Physical Education: In Case of Selected Preparatory School, North Wollo Zone, Amhara Regional State.
(Addis Ababa University, 2019-08-01) Mengistu Sewasew; Solomon Teka
Assessment of teachers` instructional strategies and student’s engagement in physical education teaching learning process in case of selected preparatory school, North Wollo Zone, Amhara Regional State by Mengistu Sewasew, Addis Ababa University august 2019. The instructional strategies and active engagement of students is one of the most important aspects of educational process, it determines the effectiveness and qualities of education. Research findings show that, teachers as facilitators play great role in the class room and play field in increasing the participation of students and improving the quality of education. High school physical education classes provide students with numerous opportunities for engagement in physical education classes. The purpose of this study was to analyze the assessment of teachers’ instructional strategies and students’ active engagement in physical education in Sirinka and Mersa preparatory school. A total of participants of 233 grade 12th students reported their motivation, interest’s toward physical education. A descriptive survey method was employed to carry out this study. The scope of the study was delimited to Sirinka, and Mersa preparatory schools of Habru Woreda Preparatory Schools. 233 students from grade 12th were included by purposive samples as a sample of the study.2 Physical education teachers and 2 principals of the sampled schools were included in the study. Both primary and secondary data sources were used. The result of the findings of this study showed that there was lack of materials, equipment’s, lack of attention of principals toward the subject, lack of playing field, poor activities of physical education teachers are the main obstacles. Based on the findings and conclusion the following recommendation was set; physical education teachers, principals, students should work together to improve the active engagement of students in physical education classes and develop clear instructional strategies.
Teaching Outdoor Practical Skill Acquisition Problems in Physical Education in Secondary School of Gida Ayana Woreda, Oromiya Regional State
(Addis Ababa University, 2019-08-01) Kefyalew Olika; Mulgeta Hagos
The main objectives of the study were to investigate the teaching outdoor practical skill acquisition problems in physical education in selected secondary school of Gida Ayana woreda, oromia regional state. To meet the research objectives, mixed approach was appropriate to both the context and nature of the problem under the study and it was employed by the researcher. To make the research successful, it had to go through scientific sample selection and arrangement of appropriate instruments. To select the sample school among four secondary schools in Gida Ayana woreda, the researcher used simple random sample, and purposive sampling method was used to select participant teachers and school principals. Among the sixteen sections of the selected school, four sections were selected using systematic random sampling. Based on progression with as, a…F…K… (25%) and for students, based from list of alphabetical order take every 5th of the member of students by using the formula N/nth where (N=200/, n=40) of four (4) section, (20% 143 male 57 female). The participants of the study included selected students, teachers and school principals. The major instrument in the study was questionnaires, interviews and observation. To analyse this mixed research study, the researcher used a descriptive statistics analysis method using SPSS software version 21. The findings of the study revealed that limitation of outdoor skills and knowledge, less or no support by the directors and super visors to fill full the teachers’ demands, Shortage of facilities, shortage of budget and large class size students’ level of participation is low, recommendation was made to minimize the existing problem. According to this, physical education teachers, school principals, supervisor, should encourage students creating awareness to participate school and community together about outdoor practical skills in physical education
Effect of Dialogic Argumentation on Grade Eight Students Eepistemic Knowledge of Science: A Mixed Methods Design
(Addis Ababa University of , 2020-12) , Getachew Tarekegn; Hardman, Mark
This dissertation aims to explore the effect of dialogic argumentation on grade 8 students' epistemic knowledge of science in physics learning and to identify the practices and challenges faced to promote epistemic knowledge through dialogic argumentation. The study used a mixed methods experimental design research approach where a quasi experimental design was employed to compare experimental, and control groups' epistemic knowledge of science and a collective case study design was employed to identify teachers' challenges in promoting students' epistemic knowledge in argumentation lessons. Fourteen classrooms were randomly selected from twelve schools and assigned to intervention (239 students from seven classrooms) and control (240 students from seven classrooms) groups. A pre-intervention physics reasoning test was administered to both groups and small group classroom discussions were video recorded. Then, physics teachers in the intervention group had trained for three days about dialogic argumentation and its implementation. In addition, Talking Physics Students Activities manual, that contains fifty-two argumenattives physics activities were distributed and used in a yearlong dialogic argumentation intervention. Post intervention data were obtained from a physics reasoning test administered to both groups, video records of small group classroom discussions from both groups and whole-class teaching and audio records of teacher interviews from intervention group. The test scores and the quantized qualitative data of small group discussions were analyzed using inferential statistics. Video data of classroom teaching were quantitized using quantitative ethnography and analyzed using epistemic network analysis. Teachers interviews were also qualitatively analyzed using a thematic analysis. Mann-Whitney U test results indicated that the post-test iv scores of grade 8 students in the argumentaion lessons significantly increased in their level of epistemic knowledge compared to the non-argumentation groups, z = - 4.509, p = .000, and r = .21, but not in the pre-test scores, z = - 1.038 and p = .299. However, both pre- and post test scores of both groups were relatively low. The intervention groups showed significant improvements in the quality of their argumentation on the ASAC scale, z = 2.111, p = .035, and r = .56, but not the control groups, z = 1.068 and p = .285. The epistemic network analysis of the wholeclass teaching in the intervention group showed weak and less frequent connections epistemic aims, epistemic processes of construction, justification, and evaluation of knowledge. The study found evidence that argumentation-based lessons improved both the epistemic knowledge and the quality of dialogic argumentations of grade 8 students and that students' level of epistemic knowledge and the quality of their dialogic argumentations were strongly correlated. However, teachers had failed to teach argumentation as an epistemic practice. To make a better use of dialogic argumentation, therefore, well-thought-out and research-supported training needs to be given to science teachers as part of their continuous professional development. Future studies are necessary to address the effects of such trainings and to determine if there are other hidden factors, apart from teachers' inadequacy, that affect students' epistemic knowledge of science

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