College of Business and Economics

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The Effect of Outbound logistics on organizational performance the case of Ethiopian Airlines Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul (MRO)
(Addis Ababa University, 2-05) Getahun, Mekonnen; Afework, Fesseha (Asst. Prof)
lanning, implementation, and control of processes linked to material, information, and financial flows. Considering the importance of logistics and valuable way of securing competitive advantage the main objective of this study was to assess the current performance of Ethiopian airlines maintenance repair and overhaul outbound logistics and the effect on organizational performance. Descriptive and explanatory research designs as well as quantitative research approaches were employed in conducting the study. The population of the study was Ethiopian airline maintenance repair and overhaul logistics and purchasing department employees. For the reliability and its attainability economically and physically census sampling was used to select the appropriate sample of the study. Data was collected using questionnaires and interviews and being analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Descriptive analysis namely percentage, mean and standard deviation; and inferential analysis namely Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression were employed. The study shows that the logistics performances below average and it has a great extent over organizational profitability, reliability, flexibility, and responsiveness performance. The study also revealed that the organization has a shortage of qualified logistics personnel; materials licensed packing, and needs major review on the structure and the resource available. The study recommended enhancing the logistics management practices and improving the team with certified logisticians would highly increase the performance and improve organizational performance. Key words:
Effect of Outsourcing Transport Service on Company Performance: Case of Panafric Global
(Addis Ababa University, 2-06) Tesema, Ribka; Temesgen, Busha (PhD)
search design. The researcher included 82 respondents using random sampling. Data was gathered through a questionnaire and the qualitative result was analyzed using mean, percentage, and multiple linear regressions. The study explains the reason Panafric Global was engaged in contracting external transport companies was to reduce cost, capital investment in resources, improve flexibility, and offer service on demand. Further, the result indicates that Panafric Global has gained profit from outsourcing in terms of reducing capital investment and efficient utilization of the company’s assets. But, it also indicated that the company encountered challenges by outsourcing transportation services. Challenges observed in the study were loss of control, information asymmetry, and poor service quality provided by the outside company. In order to improve the company performance, it’s recommended to review the current working procedures and conditions in the contracts Panafric has with the external transporter. Also, it is recommended to build a relationship with the external transporters and monitor the outsourcing practice to examine the risks and benefits from time to time. Finally, it's recommended for the company to arrange training for concerned teams to enable the employees to expand the required skill to manage the contracted companies
Factors Affecting Internal Supply Chain Integration: The case of Cosmar East Africa Business S.C
(Addis Ababa University, 2-07) Duguma, Tamrat; Afework, Fesseha (Asst. Prof)
In this competitive business environment continuously improving operational performance is a crucial issue for the existence of the organization and preferred by customers in the market. The main objective of this study is to assess factors affecting internal supply chain integration on organization supply chain performance in the Case of Cosmar East Africa Business S.C. taking this view in to account, different challenge and obstacles of internal supply chain integration like luck of organizational structure, luck of top management support, lack of information usage practice and lack of interdepartmental relationship practice were assessed and described in order to meet the basic objective of the research topic. For the theoretical foundation and analysis different literatures was investigated and the research problem was studied through the use of a descriptive research design. Target population in this study was all permanent employees of the company. Since the population is relatively small, the research used census sampling technique. To carry out the study both primary and secondary data was collected. Data collected was purely quantitative and it was analyzed through descriptive analysis and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistical tools such as Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) were employed to analyze the data. Based on the analyzed data and the research finding, the study concluded that the extent of ISCI of the company is low. The result of the analysis also proved that there is strong and significant relationship between internal supply chain integration and supply chain performance. In addition to that ISCI have a strong and positive influence on supply chain performance. The results also indicated that interdepartmental relationship had the highest effect on ISCI & SCP, followed by top management support, information usage practice and organizational structure. Therefore, in order to enhance the level of ISCI and SCP of the company, the study recommends CEABSC should improve the practice of the studied four factors those are negatively affected the company supply chain performance.
A Project Work Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Award of Master of Arts Degree in Project Management
(Addis Ababa University, 2-10) Bekele, Zerabruk; Bekalu, Wubshet (PhD)
This research aimed to assess the monitoring practices in projects contracted to YOTEK construction PLC. An effort was made to identify the strengths, weaknesses, and challenges to the monitoring practices. It was a descriptive research where quantitative data was collected through questionnaires distributed to all the staffs involved in monitoring. The data was analyzed on SPSS and MS Excel, and the findings inductively interpreted. An acceptable response rate of 90.7% was achieved but the response rates for the open-ended questions were not satisfactory. The research found out that about half of the staffs assigned for monitoring responsibilities need trainings in project management. Tools, systems, and applications were sufficiently available but financial constraint was straining the practice. Aspects of monitoring plan and its implementation were good, but some components of the plan such as acceptable performance levels were not properly communicated. The data collection was frequent and flexible thereby contributing to data quality, though information overload was a downside. The project reporting at YOTEK had some important attributes for effectiveness: Timely, flexibly scheduled, tailored to audience, and participatory. But independent performance reviews aiming for unbiased, impartial assessment of the work were less common. Furthermore, a weakness was noted in taking corrective action as per the findings of the performance reviews. One of the interesting findings was that the weaknesses and strengths were not exclusive to each other, but project specific at times. The implication of this observation is that the monitoring practice was not highly consistent or it was not integrated across projects. The researcher recommends YOTEK to build an integrated monitoring system so as to ensure optimal resource utilization. It is also recommended to conduct trainings to familiarize staffs to the monitoring tools and systems, to resolve the financial constraint and the communication lapses that were affecting the monitoring practice. Key words:
The Role of Microfinance in Financial Inclusion in Addis Ababa City
(AAU, 0024-02-19) Meron Jemal; Alem Hagos (PhD)
Determining the role of microfinance institutions in financial inclusion in Addis Ababa was the study's goal. Apart from utilizing simple random and purposeful sample techniques, the study employed both explanatory and descriptive research methodologies. The study's primary data were gathered through questionnaires and interviews. Secondary data was also gathered from desk reviews of selected microfinance institutions in Addis Ababa, and both descriptive and inferential statistics were utilized to analyze it. Out of the 384 survey questionnaires that were obtained from randomly selected microfinance institutions customers, only 312 were completely filled out, sent back, and utilized in the study. The Consultative Group to Assist the Poor produced the most extensively used performance metrics, which were used to evaluate the microfinance institutions' performances. The study's conclusions showed that the microfinance institutions in Addis Ababa had been in operation for more than eight years, were categorized as mature, and had a sizable gross loan portfolio that exceeded 50 million Ethiopian Birr—but a limited number of active borrowers. The study's regression analysis revealed that group lending, saving mobilization, and small business lending all had a positive and significant impact on financial inclusion. The majority of microfinance institutions in Addis Ababa offer group loans, it would be beneficial for them to keep up this practice in order to attract more clients and lower operating costs per borrower.
The Mediating Role of Organizational Culture on The Relationship Between Employee Training and Employee Performance: The Case of Nib Insurance Company S.c,
(AAU, 0024-03-06) Liya Gizaw; Asres A. (PhD)
The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of organizational culture in the relationship between employee training and employee performance within Nib Insurance Company S.C, located in Addis Ababa. Through a quantitative research approach, data was collected using a survey questionnaire consisting validated scales measuring of employee training, organizational culture, and employee performance, were distributed to a sample of 125 employees from various departments within Nib Insurance Company S.C. From the distributed questionnaires 121 (96.8%) responded and data used for analysis. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics and explanatory (ANOVA, correlation, regression and mediation) statistics using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) 23.0 statistical program. The result of the study indicates that employee training and organizational culture are good explanatory variables influencing employee performance. The relationship between employee training and employee performance is mediated by organizational culture partially. In this effect of this mediator on the employee training and employee performance relationship, the statistical significance tells that the change in organizational culture as a mediator influences the relationship between the dependent and independent variables. Organizational culture mediates the relationship between employee training and employee performance positively. The study recommended that the company should continue to prioritize employee training, ensuring its alignment with the desired organizational culture. The company can create a positive work environment that promotes continuous learning and innovation by integrating training and cultural initiatives. This, in turn, can lead to improved employee performance and overall organizational success.
Factors Affecting Profitability in the Airlines Industry: an Empirical Study on Major Airlines in Sub-Saharan Africa
(Addis Ababa University, 200-06) Menta, Fikre; Gebrehiwot, Gebremedhin
This study examines the airline-specific, industry-specific and macro-economic factors affecting airline profitability for the three airlines in Sub-Saharan Africa, covering the period of 2003-2013. To this end, the study adopts a mixed methods research approach by combining financial reports and further documentary analysis for qualitative information. The findings of the study show that load factor and exchange rate fluctuation have statistically significant and positive relationship with airlines’ profitability. On the other hand, variables like leverage and liquidity have a negative and statistically significant relationship with airlines’ profitability. However, the relationship for airline size, sales growth and major incidents/shocks is found to be statistically insignificant. The study suggests that focusing and reengineering the airlines operations alongside the key internal drivers could enhance the profitability. Moreover, airlines in sub-Saharan Africa should not only be concerned about internal structures and policies, but they must also consider the macroeconomic environment in developing business strategies to improve their financial performance or profits
Assement On Industrial Relation Climate (A Comparative Study Ofeisf And Kk Textile Pic. In Addis Ababa
(A.A.U, 200-07) Tsege, Gebissa; Ziauddin, Khairoowala (Dr)
An Analysis of the Relationship between Ethiopia' Foreign Trade and Gross Domestic Product
(A.A.U, 1982-06) Estiphanos, Girma; Suryani, S.(Dr.)
The purpose of the study was to establish and analyze the relationship between Ethiopia's foreign trade (exports and imports) and Gross Domestic Product (GDP). A broader review of published sources was made on all aspects of the problem to be investigated. Based on a priori theoretical knowledge and the nature of the scatter diagram, linear regressions of GDP on exports and imports on GDP were formulated . Regression and correlation coefficients were computed and interpreted with allowances given to non-economic variables. The results showed that there is a strong association between GDP and exports, on the one hand, and imports and GDP , on the other. The relationships were then viewed with due considerations given to policy issues such as structural diversification and economic cooperation and integration.
An Analysis of Household Consumption Patterns in Ethiopia
(A.A.U, 1982-06) Aredo, Dejene; Mulat, Teshome(Dr.)
The point of departure of this study was an examination of the limitations of the traditi onal approach to c onsumption analysis in th e developinG countries. An alternative approach was developed a nd applied t o the socio-economic realities of post-revolutionary Ethiopia. The approache ' permit ted one to a nalyse household consumption patterns of the country fr om different a neles. The st'!lGly suggested that those who are concerned with c nnsumption planning oould be ahle t o contribute more t o the development o f the national economy by reconsidering their approach to the subject.
Industrialization and tariff Protection in Ethiopia
(A.A.U, 1984-05) Mesfn, Melisachew; Mulat, Teshome (dr)
Industrializa tion in Ethiopia is a recent Phenomenon. The Eontribution of the manufacturing sector in terms of GDP, Employment, export earnings , Etc. Is very Small. The manufacturing industries emphasise the production of non- durable consumer goods. in Ethiopia , Tariff Protect ion is an important instrument employed by the government to encourage the domestic industries. the objective of this ,study is, Among other things , ( 1 ) to assess the effectiveness of tariff protection, (2) to identify which industries or group of industries the' policy favors and the Possible consequences of the policy and (3) to estimate the domestic resource cot of saving a unit of Foreign exchange. the findings show that the pattern of protection in Ethiopia Favors consumer goods production. These are the oldest group of industries in the history of manufacturing in the country. However, they are still protected highly. This is a sign of inefficiency. the findings also reveal that tariff rate setting in Ethiopia is a case-by - case approach. There is no branches.. The domestic resource cost estimation shows that the domestic factor endowments do not suit to the production of some products. Protection by itself does not necessarily lead to inefficiency what is important is the dosage and type of industries to be protected.
The Supply Response of Subsistence Peasants: The Case of Tefe-growers in Some Districts of Shoa
(A.A.U, 1984-06) Demeke, Mulat; G/kiros, Fassil (Dr)
In an attempt to assess the supply behaviour of subsistence peas ants , this study concentrated on some teff (Eragrostis teff) growing peasant associations within Shoa Adminstrative Region . The associations were selected on the basis of their open market teff price levels and the necessl1ry information was obtained through a survey based on simple random sampling . Regression and covariance analyses were used for analyzing the data . The result of the production anelysis showed that the peasants are efficient in utilizing the resources (traditional and non-traditional) at their comnand and henc a superior alternative to increase production lies on measures intended to raise the consumption of non- tradional inputs. The analysis of market behaviour also showed that market supply o f teff is an increasing function of output . by and large, the solution to the present food problem seems to be best served by policies which increase investment and improve the incentive structure in favour of the peasant sector .
Mobilization of Resources through Taxation in Ethiopia
(Addis Ababa University, 1985-06) Ghirmay, Teame; Gurmu, Shifferaw (PhD)
The task of mobi l i zing r esources f or publ ic sector outlays iB a maJor conce rn of e conoml C policy ln Ethi opia. This is es pec i ally t r ue l n postr evolution Ethiopi a , wher e t he soc i c-pol it i cal changes that have taken place have have caused the nat i on t o r e l y heavily on the public sector f or i t s social and economic devel opments . Taxati on i s the pri mary means of mobil izing r esour ces in the country . A str ong tax per f ormance is thus an indispensable condit i on i nor der for t he gove r nment to s t ep up its devel opment expenditur es . The ob j ective of thi s study was to ascer tai n the compat i bili ty of the t ax sys t em wi t h the goal of resource mobili zation. Towards this end the structure of t he t ax r evenue was analysed and its impact on the r evenue r alslng capabili ty of the tax system examined . Mor eover , t he magnitude of t he t f:l.X r evenue r a i sed ,vas eval uated by compar ing it with the t axabl e capacity of t he count ry , and r evenue needs of the gover nment . Final ly~ the t ax effort made l n the past was assessed, and the ~otent i ali ty of the t ax system t o mobi l i ze an increasing share of the nati onal lncome ln the f ut ur e examined. The outcome of the study indicat ed that despite the inc r eased efforts made t o i mpr ove the effectiveness (If the tax system, tax revenue l n Ethi opi a r emalns i nadequate (skimp) , unstable; and in f l exible . The cause of such anomal ous conditions wer e attributed to among others , faulty t ax ploi cy , and weakness i n impliment at i on of the tax laws . It was suggested that a synchronized action both at pol icy and executi on as pect of the taxation pr ocess can impr ove the pe r fo r mance of the t ax system .
An Economic Evaluation of Food Grain Marketing and Pricing Policies in Ethiopia.
(A.A.U, 1986-06) Terfassa, Bulti; Aredo, Dejene (Ato)
Food grain marketing and pricing system in the pre- revolution period were analysed in terms of function performed , influence over function and power relations. Comprehensive analysis of addis Abeba, found grain wholesale prices has also been made . the results confirm the monopolistic nature of the system than its competitiveness. The system was incapable of closing the seasonal and temporal gaps in production and consumption . it did not motivate producers through price incentives and market infrastructures. Far reaching institutional changes in the national food grain marketing and pricing system have taken place after the 1974 revolution . The creating for parastatal agency. The agricultural marketing Corporation (AMC) increasing role of service cooperative and “ kebele ‘’ societies in procurement and distribution of food grain are elements of the new system in food grain marketing. The private sector also operate in parallel with the state and mass organizations although it has been subjected to strict control. The elements of the new system have been analyzed by comparing outcomes with declared objectives particularly for the state sector. The results suggest that thre are ample rooms for improvement in the operation of the system before it yields positive results on production . How the new marketing system influence production at the farm level has been analyzed using farm household level data obtained from sample survey. The analysis and results from the data have shown that the supply of consumer goods and non farm inputs, credit relative price of out put to input costs, storage and packing at farm levels, the capacity to remove produce in order to avoid congestion and prompt cost payment for producers upon grain delivery needs improvement if the system has to create positive inducement as producers . producers are also responsive to prices and marketing changes. Based on the assumption of responsiveness of producers prices elasticity of out put has been estimated . the elasticity frame work has been combined with the marshallian economic surplus theory of standard partial equilibrium to study the welfare effects of the prevailing pricing and marketing system . The results show that an increase in production prices will increases demotic production. Besides increasing production, it also conserve the public financial resources reduces subsidy )save foreign exchange and plods the agriculture sector at a pace faster than its moves today.
The Problem or Wage Determination in Ethiopia: A Case Study of the State-Owned Textile Industries
(A.A.U, 1986-06) Amha, Wolday; Mulat, Teshome (Dr)
The objective of this study has been to identify inter' industry and interpersonal wage differential and to explain the determinants of mean wags and individual wares in the state-owned textile industries. The necessary information was obtained through sample survey and secondary sources, The coefficient of variation. Simple range, percentages, standard deviation, coefficient of valuation, Lorenz curve, Gini efficient, multiple linear and semi- logarithmic regression, and principal component methods were used to analyze the data. The results indicate that 1) the institutional variables such as the government legislations and directives influence the wage determination process in the state-owned textile industries . 2) there exists high inter 'industry and interpersonal wage differential. 3) production, profit and fixed assets jointly affect the mean wage differential between the industries. 4) Education and experience within an industry are increasing function of wages. Moreover, the variables sex , marital status, occupation, experience outside the industry, and change of jobs influence the level of wages in the state"' owned textile industries. The paper suggests for the restructuring: of the existing wage system particularly the introduction of wage policy on the needs of the economy not only for the textile sector but also for the whole economy.
The Problem of Wage Determination in Ethiopia: A Case Study of the State-owned Textile Industries
(A.A.U, 1986-06) Amha, Wolday; Mulat, Teshome (Dr)
The objective of this study has been to identify inter' industry and interpersonal wage differential and to explain the determinants of mean wages and individual wares in the state-owned textile industries. The necessary information was obtained through sample survey and secondary sources , The coefficient of variation. simple range, percentages, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, Lorenz curve, Gini efficient, multiple linear and semi- logarithmic regression, and principal component methods were used to analyze the data. The results indicate that 1) the institutional variables such as the government legislations and directives influence the wage determination process in the state-owned textile industries . 2) there exists high inter 'industry and interpersonal wage differential. 3) production, profit and fixed assets jointly affect the mean wage differential between the industries. 4) Education and experience within an industry are increasing function of wages. Moreover, the variables sex, marital status, occupation, experience outside the industry, and change of jobs influence the level of wages in the state"' owned textile industries. The paper suggests for the restructuring of the existing wage system particularly the introduction of wage policy on the needs of the economy not only for the textile sector but also for the whole economy .
A Study of the Factors that Affect the Use of Agricultural Credit among Peasant Farmers in Ethiopia: The Case of Two Districts
(A.A.U, 1987-06) Admassie, Assefa; Mulat, Teshome(Dr.)
A necessary and important ingredient in the development process of subsistence agriculture is the introduction of improved technology and land management practices. But these are related to the availability of suitable agricultural credit facilities. Although several agricultural credit policies and programmes nave been introduced in Ethiopia very few peasant farmers have been integrated in to these programmes. More over ,the proportion of private peasant using agriculture credit has remained unsatisfactory .except for some short-term credit from the Ministry of Agriculture for input procurement';, agricultural credit services available to the peasant farmers are still of a rudimentary nature. In light or these facts, it would be desirable to find concrete explanations for the low level of credit use by subsistence farmers. Consequently, the central objective of t he thesis has been the determinations of both institutional and non-institutional factors which influence subsistence farmers credit use. since the detailed information base necessary to forward a solution to the problem is not readily available , the case study method has been considered to find such details. Towards this end, two districts were purposively selected on the basis of their response to the introduction of improved technology . A random sample of two peasant associations was drawn from each district and from each peasant association selected , a simple random sample of farm household heads was taken .Data were collected in the months of March and April 1986. Both Qualitative and quantitative techniques were used to analyse the stated objectives. In particular , the techniques of discriminate analysis and multiple linear regression analysis have been applied to identify the important socio-economic factors that characterize credit users and non-users and those which determine the volume of loan absorbed by a farm household. 'The result of the study has shown that subsistence farmers credit use has been limited by institutional factors both before the Revolution and after the revolution. the findings also show that peasant farmers ' credit use is also influenced by a set of social and economic factors . The level of education, the use of improved technology , the size of operational area , inadequate market arrangements together with extension service availability and two of the hypothesised production limitations (need for more land and product price security) have been observed to be the main factors which distinguish borrowers from non- borrowers. The age of the farm household head and investment expenses are also important to classify farmers as borrowers or non- borrowers The results of the multiple linear regression analysis have also indicated that the variations in loan size are explained by a set of social- economic variables In this regard, income , credit experience, and value of livestock were found to be the main determinants of loan size . The study reflects that the formulation of an appropriate agricultural credit policy together with other complementary services is important in order to raise agricultural productivity of subsistence farmers in rural Ethiopia .
Measuring Economic Efficiency: A Case Study of State Owned Textile Industries in Ethiopia.
(A.A.U, 1987-09) Gezahegne, Mitikie; Befekadu, Dagefe (Dr.)
An important fact or that would influ ence the success or f a ilul of an industrial concern is the degree of efficiency in the utilizati on of resourc es und er its command. In Ethiopia efficiency is a major problem. Th e r e a r e some evidences to support the contention that resources are being utilized inefficiently. By emp loying the Oeomestic Reso urce Cost (ORe) methodology in general equilibrium settin g . this st udy attempts to empi~iea~ly estab lish the incidenc e of prot ect ion and the magnitude of efficiency in th e state own ed textile industry at a point in time. The major findings are as follows: (a) The system of prot ection provides a uniform nominal protection to all firms (b) The eff ective protection is high and differs substan tially among firms (c) The domestic r esource cost is high and differs subst antially among firms. indicating inefficiency (d) Firms with high domestic resource cost are acco rd ed high protection while firms with low domestic r eso urce cost are offered low protection . This indica t es th a t the Ethiopian system of protecti on encouraged and supported in eff ici e nt firms (e ) Wide differences exist between economic and private profitability among firms . indicating the presence of price pistortions both in the product and fact or markets . The quantitative estimates further indicat e that in a number of cas es the effect of gove rnment policy was not consistent with objective of economic eff ici ency. To enha nce e conomic e ffi ciency i n the State own ed texti l e s ect or. substantial restructuring and polic y r eform is required. In respect t o this. the study identified spec ific areas that deserve the a ttention of policy makers and recommends the measure s to be taken.
Economic Performance and Development of State Farms: A Case Study of the Middle Awash Cotton Producing State Farms
(A.A.U, 1988-06) Ayele, Gezahegn; Suryani, S.(Dr)
This thesis reports on a case study of the middle Awash cotton .. producing farms conducted with the objective of assessing the economic performance of Ethiopia’s state farms as well as identifying the factors affecting such performance. The financial rate of return of the farms as calculated in the study confirms the result of aggregative studies conducted earlier that state farms are heavy financial loosers.However it is also the study,s finding that the same farms have consistently generated ret economic returns over the post seven years.This is experessive of the farm,s contribution to the economy by meeting rat material requirements of domostinc industries and engaging elements of the actively job seeking rural underempoved. The contrast between the farms positive economic returns and Their poor financial performance is mainly expiained by market dis tortions due to the government pricing policy. It also indicates the conflicting nature of the objectives that the government wishes to attain throug!l state farms . It is a second finding of the study that in spite of the current pricing policy: the farms I financial as well as economic rate of return figures would :lave been higher ':hall is the case at present with a more rational use of resources.The current farm management policy is 0ne of excessive centralization and stands in the way of such rational use. The findings of the study should not suggest that state farms understudy are necessarily be the least cost means of obtaining the benefits the farms are current’y generating.
An Economic Analysis of Livestock Marketing: The Case of Cattle Marketing along the Trade Route from Bele (Arssi) to Addis Ababa
(A.A.U, 1988-06) Tsige, Tekaling; Mulat, Teshome
A livestock market study to identify the typology of livestock markets, to estimate marketing margins and mareket participants ' share in the distribution of income from live stock trade and t o identify factors determining cattle prices was made using a case study method . Seven livestock markets, located along the trade route from bele (Arssi) to Addis Ababa, were selected. Data on cattle prices, factors identified to determine cattle prices, market costs and factors specified to characterize market types were collected . Cattle prices were deseasonalized using price indices in order to remove the seasonal component. A semi-log general model was fitted to both adjusted and unadjusted price data in order to see the relationship between cattle prices and factors determining cattle prices. The Chow test was conducted to see whether or not the same type of factors which determine cattle prices are to be found in all types of livestock markets . The results indicate that the livestock markets of the country can be classified as primary , secondary and terminal on the basis of such classificatory criteria as type of market participants , reseasons for purchase , type of cattle marketed , mode of transaction and location of the market place . The share of producers in the final price of cattle was found to be affected by the distance of the location of the producers with respect to the terminal market . Those producers located relatively nearer to the terminal market received higher share than those located far from the terminal market . In the regression analysis, the coefficients of the variables .' ." identified to determine cattle prices were found to be different among market types . It was further noted that the cattle marketing system of the country is inefficient .. due to lack of market information, poor trekking arrangements and inadequate market facilities . The study , therefore , concluded by pointing out policy measures to be pursued in order to promote the efficiency of the domestic cattle marketing system of the country.

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