College of Business and Economics

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    A Case Study Approaches to Explore the Challenges of Local Pharmaceutical Manufacturer in Ethiopia
    (AAU, 2024-09-08) Solomon Getachew; Ethiopia Legesse (PhD)
    The growth of the manufacturing sector contributes to an increase in the overall factor productivity and competitiveness of the economy, with a cascading effect up and down the supply chain. Although the manufacturing sector offers a path to long-term economic progress, its expansion is not without obstacles. The current study by using the qualitative method of approach was explore the challenges faced by the pharmaceutical manufacturer found in Ethiopia. Data was collected through key informant interview and focus group discussion by enquiring different stakeholders in the industry and key personnel of the manufacturers. The study subject was identified and choose by purposive sampling. Thematic analysis was used for the transcribed interviews and FGD replies, while manual transcript analysis was also done. Based on the findings, the main challenge for domestic pharmaceutical manufacturer that are currently affecting their business are Shortage/lack of hard currency, unavailability of domestic active and inactive raw materials manufacturer, lack of sustainable financing, shortage working capital/access to finance, problem related with plant infrastructure, weak marketing structure, and lack of research and development capacity. The root cause for the mentioned challenges is mainly absence of cognizance about sector by the administration, poor coordination among different stakeholders, poor export performance made by the country. The study also explored that the methods used by the companies to tackle the above problems. Ethiopia's pharmaceutical industries are running well below their potential, and their average capacity is getting smaller over time. Various internal and external challenges can be attributed to this decline in capacity utilization
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    A Case Study Approaches to Explore the Challenges of Local Pharmaceutical Manufacturer in Ethiopia
    (AAU, 2024-09-08) Solomon Getachew; Ethiopia Legesse (PhD)
    The growth of the manufacturing sector contributes to an increase in the overall factor productivity and competitiveness of the economy, with a cascading effect up and down the supply chain. Although the manufacturing sector offers a path to long-term economic progress, its expansion is not without obstacles. The current study by using the qualitative method of approach was explore the challenges faced by the pharmaceutical manufacturer found in Ethiopia. Data was collected through key informant interview and focus group discussion by enquiring different stakeholders in the industry and key personnel of the manufacturers. The study subject was identified and choose by purposive sampling. Thematic analysis was used for the transcribed interviews and FGD replies, while manual transcript analysis was also done. Based on the findings, the main challenge for domestic pharmaceutical manufacturer that are currently affecting their business are Shortage/lack of hard currency, unavailability of domestic active and inactive raw materials manufacturer, lack of sustainable financing, shortage working capital/access to finance, problem related with plant infrastructure, weak marketing structure, and lack of research and development capacity. The root cause for the mentioned challenges is mainly absence of cognizance about sector by the administration, poor coordination among different stakeholders, poor export performance made by the country. The study also explored that the methods used by the companies to tackle the above problems. Ethiopia's pharmaceutical industries are running well below their potential, and their average capacity is getting smaller over time. Various internal and external challenges can be attributed to this decline in capacity utilization
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    A Comparative Analysis of Poverty and Income Inequality Between Bole and Kirkos Sub-Cities in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-10) Wondosen Tsegaw; Sisay Debebe (PhD)
    Poverty and income inequality are significant global challenges with wide-ranging implications. These challenges are particularly prevalent in urban areas of Ethiopia. While Ethiopia has made progress in reducing national poverty rates, urban poverty and inequality remain persistent issues in the country, especially in Addis Ababa. These urban challenges are exacerbated by factors like rapid urbanization, limited job opportunities, and the recent conflict. So, making a comparative analysis of poverty and income inequality between sub-cities helps to identify the nature and extent of these issues. This study therefore investigates the comparative analysis of poverty and income inequality between Bole and Kirkos sub-cities. The study’s objectives include measure and compare the poverty status and income inequality levels in these two sub-cities, as well as identify the key factors driving these economic disparities and poverty. The study employed a structured questionnaire to gather primary data. A multistage random sampling strategy was used to select the research sites, with the Bole and Kirkos sub-cities of Addis Ababa being chosen. Within these two sub-cities, 280 household heads were randomly sampled to participate in the survey. This study used both descriptive and econometric analyses. The descriptive analysis revealed stark contrasts in multidimensional poverty and income inequality between the Bole and Kirkos sub-cities. Kirkos exhibited significantly higher poverty, with 66.5% of individuals classified as poor compared to 32.8% in Bole. The poverty incidence (H) was 0.66 in Kirkos versus 0.32 in Bole, and the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) was more than double in Kirkos at 0.39 versus 0.15 in Bole. Income inequality was also more pronounced in Kirkos, with a Gini coefficient of 0.371 compared to 0.345 in Bole. The ordered logistic regression model identifies several key determinants of multidimensional poverty. The education level of the household head is a significant factor, where a 1-year increase in education reduces the probability of higher multidimensional poverty by 65%. Other variables, such as marial status, dependency, saving, and equb edir membership also significantly affect poverty. The quantile regression analysis also identifies key drivers of household income inequality, including education, occupation, family size, and savings behavior. Higher education and private sector jobs are linked to greater incomes, especially at lower and middle quantiles. Larger families and dependency are significantly negatively related to income levels, particularly at the upper end of the distribution. Based on the results, it is recommended the government should target interventions to alleviate the significantly higher multidimensional poverty in Kirkos sub-city. Expanding access to inclusive financial services, like savings and credit, could help build household resilience, as lack of savings is linked to higher poverty. Addressing key drivers of income inequality, such as home ownership, through affordable housing and financing programs, could also reduce inequality. Keywords: multidimensional poverty, income inequality, ordered logistic regression model, quantile regression model, Bole sub city, Kirkos sub citiy, Addis Ababa.
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    A critical Analysis of the Practice of Fiscal Federalism in Ethiopia: The Case of Oromia and Afar Regional States (1991–2015)
    (AAU, 2023-06-16) Samson Mesfin; Tegegne Teka (PhD)
    The main objective of this dissertation was to assess the practices of fiscal federalism in Ethiopia (1995- 2015) with reference to Federal-Regional interface and Woredas (districts) context by selecting two Regional States; namely Oromia (representing the relatively 'developed regions') and Afar (representing the 'emerging regions'). The study employed more of qualitative research approach to achieve the objective mentioned above. Both Primary and secondary data sources were used in gathering relevant data for the study. The techniques that have been used for gathering primary data are in-depth interview and discussion with key-informants at all levels of governments focusing on group discussion with local communities and field observation. Secondary data were gathered from published and unpublished materials available in various forms including books, journal articles and official annual reports of government institutions at federal, regional and local levels. The study also reviewed the experiences of some federal countries around the world on the issue of fiscal federalism with the aim of obtaining best practices and use as input in modifying the decentralized fiscal system of Ethiopia. To analyze the date gathered through above means, the study employed both qualitative and quantitative methods of data analysis. The findings of the study indicated that the Constitutional assignment of expenditure responsibility in Ethiopia is more or less in compliance with the theoretical literature of fiscal federalism while the assignment of taxation power does not agree with the theoretical and empirical literatures of fiscal federalism. The practice, however, shows lack of clarity on the assignment of power and fiscal responsibilities, particularly on shared responsibilities. As the result, it creates duplication and overlapping responsibility problems and may lead to conflict between federal and regional governments as well as regional and local governments. The findings also show that the devolution of expenditure responsibilities to the sub-national governments (SNGs) is not accompanied by adequate financial resources, resulting in high vertical and horizontal fiscal imbalances in Ethiopia. As the result, SNGs in Ethiopia rely heavily on federal transfers to cover the costs of the functions that devolved to them by laws. This, in turn, limits the fiscal autonomy of authorities at sub-national levels, which adversely affected the efficiency of public service delivery and accountability at the grass root levels. Overall, the study found out that there are several problems and challenges faced while implementing fiscal decentralization at sub-national levels in Ethiopia. It includes lack of clarity in the assignment of power and fiscal responsibilities, particularly on shared responsibilities; lack of fiscal autonomy due to insufficient own revenues; weak administration and institutional capacity. This happened because of lack of trained and experienced human resources; poor political willingness and commitment of authorities at higher level to devolve taxing and spending powers in real sense; as well as lack of a stable, predictable and transparent intergovernmental fiscal transfer system. Thus, the research recommends that the federal government should give more emphasis to enhance the fiscal autonomy of sub-national governments so as to realize the potential benefits of effective fiscal federalism in Ethiopia.
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    A Critical Analysis of The Practice of Fiscal Federalism In Ethiopia: The Case of Oromia and Afar Regional States (1991–2015)
    (AAU, 2023-06-10) Samson Mesfin; Tegegne Teka (PhD)
    The main objective of this dissertation was to assess the practices of fiscal federalism in Ethiopia (1995- 2015) with reference to Federal-Regional interface and Woredas (districts) context by selecting two Regional States; namely Oromia (representing the relatively 'developed regions') and Afar (representing the 'emerging regions'). The study employed more of qualitative research approach to achieve the objective mentioned above. Both Primary and secondary data sources were used in gathering relevant data for the study. The techniques that have been used for gathering primary data are in-depth interview and discussion with key-informants at all levels of governments focusing on group discussion with local communities and field observation. Secondary data were gathered from published and unpublished materials available in various forms including books, journal articles and official annual reports of government institutions at federal, regional and local levels. The study also reviewed the experiences of some federal countries around the world on the issue of fiscal federalism with the aim of obtaining best practices and use as input in modifying the decentralized fiscal system of Ethiopia. To analyze the date gathered through above means, the study employed both qualitative and quantitative methods of data analysis. The findings of the study indicated that the Constitutional assignment of expenditure responsibility in Ethiopia is more or less in compliance with the theoretical literature of fiscal federalism while the assignment of taxation power does not agree with the theoretical and empirical literatures of fiscal federalism. The practice, however, shows lack of clarity on the assignment of power and fiscal responsibilities, particularly on shared responsibilities. As the result, it creates duplication and overlapping responsibility problems and may lead to conflict between federal and regional governments as well as regional and local governments. The findings also show that the devolution of expenditure responsibilities to the sub-national governments (SNGs) is not accompanied by adequate financial resources, resulting in high vertical and horizontal fiscal imbalances in Ethiopia. As the result, SNGs in Ethiopia rely heavily on federal transfers to cover the costs of the functions that devolved to them by laws. This, in turn, limits the fiscal autonomy of authorities at sub-national levels, which adversely affected the efficiency of public service delivery and accountability at the grass root levels. Overall, the study found out that there are several problems and challenges faced while implementing fiscal decentralization at sub-national levels in Ethiopia. It includes lack of clarity in the assignment of power and fiscal responsibilities, particularly on shared responsibilities; lack of fiscal autonomy due to insufficient own revenues; weak administration and institutional capacity. This happened because of lack of trained and experienced human resources; poor political willingness and commitment of authorities at higher level to devolve taxing and spending powers in real sense; as well as lack of a stable, predictable and transparent intergovernmental fiscal transfer system. Thus, the research recommends that the federal government should give more emphasis to enhance the fiscal autonomy of sub-national governments so as to realize the potential benefits of effective fiscal federalism in Ethiopia
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    A Critical Analysis of the Practice of Fiscal Federalism in Ethiopia: the Case of Oromia and Afar Regional States (1991–2015)
    (AAU, 2023-06-10) Samson Mesfin; Tegegne Teka (PhD)
    The main objective of this dissertation was to assess the practices of fiscal federalism in Ethiopia (1995- 2015) with reference to Federal-Regional interface and Woredas (districts) context by selecting two Regional States; namely Oromia (representing the relatively 'developed regions') and Afar (representing the 'emerging regions'). The study employed more of qualitative research approach to achieve the objective mentioned above. Both Primary and secondary data sources were used in gathering relevant data for the study. The techniques that have been used for gathering primary data are in-depth interview and discussion with key-informants at all levels of governments focusing on group discussion with local communities and field observation. Secondary data were gathered from published and unpublished materials available in various forms including books, journal articles and official annual reports of government institutions at federal, regional and local levels. The study also reviewed the experiences of some federal countries around the world on the issue of fiscal federalism with the aim of obtaining best practices and use as input in modifying the decentralized fiscal system of Ethiopia. To analyze the date gathered through above means, the study employed both qualitative and quantitative methods of data analysis. The findings of the study indicated that the Constitutional assignment of expenditure responsibility in Ethiopia is more or less in compliance with the theoretical literature of fiscal federalism while the assignment of taxation power does not agree with the theoretical and empirical literatures of fiscal federalism. The practice, however, shows lack of clarity on the assignment of power and fiscal responsibilities, particularly on shared responsibilities. As the result, it creates duplication and overlapping responsibility problems and may lead to conflict between federal and regional governments as well as regional and local governments. The findings also show that the devolution of expenditure responsibilities to the sub-national governments (SNGs) is not accompanied by adequate financial resources, resulting in high vertical and horizontal fiscal imbalances in Ethiopia. As the result, SNGs in Ethiopia rely heavily on federal transfers to cover the costs of the functions that devolved to them by laws. This, in turn, limits the fiscal autonomy of authorities at sub-national levels, which adversely affected the efficiency of public service delivery and accountability at the grass root levels. Overall, the study found out that there are several problems and challenges faced while implementing fiscal decentralization at sub-national levels in Ethiopia. It includes lack of clarity in the assignment of power and fiscal responsibilities, particularly on shared responsibilities; lack of fiscal autonomy due to insufficient own revenues; weak administration and institutional capacity. This happened because of lack of trained and experienced human resources; poor political willingness and commitment of authorities at higher level to devolve taxing and spending powers in real sense; as well as lack of a stable, predictable and transparent intergovernmental fiscal transfer system. Thus, the research recommends that the federal government should give more emphasis to enhance the fiscal autonomy of sub-national governments so as to realize the potential benefits of effective fiscal federalism in Ethiopia
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    A Critical Analysis of the Revised Ethiopian Commercial Code in Light of OECD’s Principles of Corporate Governance with Emphasis on Roles and Responsibilities of the Board of Directors of Share Companies
    (Addis Ababa University, 2022-06) Million Alemu; Mengistu Bogale (PhD)
    The aim of this study is to critically analyze the roles and responsibilities of BoDs of SCs as contained in RCC and Banks’ Corporate Governance vis-à-vis the Principles that are included as in OECD’s Principles, which are accepted as the international best practice to be emulated. The study has utilized a qualitative research approach and exploratory research design. The theoretical and empirical reviews of the pertinent literature, as well as the interview conducted, have revealed that RCC has gone leaps and bounds in embodying what is expected by the sixth principle of OECD. Yet, there are still observable lacunae like failing to require ethical standards from BoDs, failing to mandate BoDs to decide on remuneration issues, and failing to put a requirement in place that ensures disclosure and communication mechanism. All of these and other deficiencies of RCC relating to corporate governance call for promulgation of a Code of Corporate Governance by the Ethiopian Council of Ministers that obliges all financial and non-financial SCs and a Directive by MoTRI the ensures the effective implementation of the Regulation to be passed by the Council of Ministers. An autonomous government organ that oversees the effective implementation of the Code of Corporate Governance should also be established
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    A Critical Assessment of the Practices of Fiscal Federalism in Ethiopia: The Case of Oromia and Afar Regional States (1991–2015)
    (AAU, 2023-06-23) Samson Mesfin; Dr. Tegegne Teka
    The main objective of this dissertation was to assess the practices of fiscal federalism in Ethiopia (1995- 2015) with reference to Federal-Regional interface and Woredas (districts) context by selecting two Regional States; namely Oromia (representing the relatively 'developed regions') and Afar (representing the 'emerging regions'). The study employed more of qualitative research approach to achieve the objective mentioned above. Both Primary and secondary data sources were used in gathering relevant data for the study. The techniques that have been used for gathering primary data are in-depth interview and discussion with key-informants at all levels of governments focusing on group discussion with local communities and field observation. Secondary data were gathered from published and unpublished materials available in various forms including books, journal articles and official annual reports of government institutions at federal, regional and local levels. The study also reviewed the experiences of some federal countries around the world on the issue of fiscal federalism with the aim of obtaining best practices and use as input in modifying the decentralized fiscal system of Ethiopia. To analyze the date gathered through above means, the study employed both qualitative and quantitative methods of data analysis. The findings of the study indicated that the Constitutional assignment of expenditure responsibility in Ethiopia is more or less in compliance with the theoretical literature of fiscal federalism while the assignment of taxation power does not agree with the theoretical and empirical literatures of fiscal federalism. The practice, however, shows lack of clarity on the assignment of power and fiscal responsibilities, particularly on shared responsibilities. As the result, it creates duplication and overlapping responsibility problems and may lead to conflict between federal and regional governments as well as regional and local governments. The findings also show that the devolution of expenditure responsibilities to the sub-national governments (SNGs) is not accompanied by adequate financial resources, resulting in high vertical and horizontal fiscal imbalances in Ethiopia. As the result, SNGs in Ethiopia rely heavily on federal transfers to cover the costs of the functions that devolved to them by laws. This, in turn, limits the fiscal autonomy of authorities at sub-national levels, which adversely affected the efficiency of public service delivery and accountability at the grass root levels. Overall, the study found out that there are several problems and challenges faced while implementing fiscal decentralization at sub-national levels in Ethiopia. It includes lack of clarity in the assignment of power and fiscal responsibilities, particularly on shared responsibilities; lack of fiscal autonomy due to insufficient own revenues; weak administration and institutional capacity. This happened because of lack of trained and experienced human resources; poor political willingness and commitment of authorities at higher level to devolve taxing and spending powers in real sense; as well as lack of a stable, predictable and transparent intergovernmental fiscal transfer system. Thus, the research recommends that the federal government should give more emphasis to enhance the fiscal autonomy of sub-national governments so as to realize the potential benefits of effective fiscal federalism in Ethiopia. Fiscal Federalism, Assignment of expenditure, taxing responsibility, vertical fiscal imbalance, Fiscal autonomy and Intergovernmental fiscal transfer
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    A normal-Weighted Exponential Stochastic Frontier Model
    (A.A.U, 2022-06-15) Misgan Desale; Adane Tufa (PhD)
    This thesis introduces a new stochastic frontier model called a normal-weighted exponential stochastic frontier model. We have derived a closed form log-likelihood function and JLMS inefficiency estimator of a normal-weighted exponential stochastic frontier model. In addition, we have derived the gradient and hessian matrix of a normal-weighted exponential stochastic frontier model. A Monte Carlo (MC) simulation is carried out to verify the correctness of the derivations, of a normal-weighted exponential stochastic frontier model, and to study the finite sample properties of maximum likelihood estimator. Our simulation result shows that a normal weighted exponential stochastic frontier model performs well compared to a normal-exponential stochastic frontier model. In our simulation result, it shows that as sample size increases the bias and standard errors decreases. Moreover, a real data application is performed, and it is about estimation of carbon efficiency of manufacturing firms in Africa. We have estimated an input requirement production function, using fuel consumption as dependent variable and output and other inputs as independent variables. Our estimated result shows that the estimates of coefficients are the same across models. However, there is differences in carbon efficiency estimates of manufacturing firms. Using a normal-half normal stochastic frontier model, a carbon efficiency of manufacturing firms in Africa gives an estimate ranging between 1.002344 (99.8984%) and 1.002362 (99.8976%). For a normal-exponential stochastic frontier model the range of carbon inefficiency estimates are between 1.074752 (97.5092%) and 1.090364 (96.3126%). Similarly, for a normal-weighted exponential stochastic frontier model the carbon inefficiency estimates are between 1.122895 (95.0907%) and 1.237519 (91.1602%). We have used the carbon efficiency estimates to rank African countries and Egypt is the most carbon efficient country in Africa. We have also run a multiple linear regression on carbon inefficiency estimates to see the determinants. In all three stochastic frontier models: top manager work experience, obstacle to access finance, firm size, export status, and foreign ownership are the key determinants.
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    A Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for The Msc. In Corporate Finance: Specialty In Investment Management
    (Addis Ababa University, 2025-09) Fikreyesus Temesgen; Tenkir Seifu (PhD)
    This study investigates the impact of Ethiopia’s 2020 currency notes reform on formal financial participation within the country’s banking sector. Utilizing a quantitative research approach, the analysis leverages panel data from eleven commercial banks covering the period 2014/15 to 2023/24. The research employs both descriptive statistics and an Interrupted Time Series (ITS) econometric framework to assess immediate and sustained changes in key indicators that are bank deposits, active account ownership, and mobile banking adoption following the reform. The findings reveal a statistically significant immediate surge in formal financial participation, as measured by a composite index standardized from these multiple indicators, and a pronounced acceleration in its growth rate postreform. Results highlight that, compared to similar reforms in India and Nigeria; Ethiopia’s policy not only compelled shortterm formalization but also fostered enduring behavioral shifts towards the formal financial system. The study further identifies a substitution effect between telecomled mobile money platforms and traditional banking services, signaling the evolving dynamics of digital finance in Ethiopia. Policy recommendations emphasize the need for sustained public awareness, digital infrastructure investment, and regulatory frameworks that foster synergy between banks and nonbank financial service providers. Overall, the research demonstrates that welldesigned currency reforms, when paired with supportive policies and robust implementation, can serve as effective catalysts for broadening formal financial participation and strengthening economic resilience in developing economies.
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    A Path to Low Carbon and Climate Friendly Transport Sector in Addis Ababa: System Dynamics Approach
    (AAU, 2023-06-18) Kaleab Enyew; Mengesha Yayo (PhD)
    Urban transportation system is a complex system with multiple variables and nonlinear feedback loops and influenced by transportation, social, economic, and environmental factors. Conventional transportation modeling approaches are unsuitable to simulate and evaluate its performance. This paper presents a system dynamics approach based on the cause-and-effect analysis and feedback loop structures. The proposed SD model comprises population, economic development, number of vehicles, environmental influence, travel demand and transport supply. The model runs in Vensim PLE software using the data from Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The impacts of different policy scenarios on transportation system related carbon emission are analyzed. Ban imports of used vehicle, Energy shift and setting emission standard have the capacity to reduce carbon emission with the magnitude of 17%, 59% and 43% respectively by 2030. The study suggests that a combination of policies to achieve a low carbon and climate-friendly transport sector which will result a 74% decrease in carbon emission by 2030
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    A Path to Low Carbon and Climate Friendly Transport Sector in Addis Ababa: System Dynamics Approach
    (AAU, 2023-06-15) Kaleab Enyew; Mengesha Yayo (PhD)
    Urban transportation system is a complex system with multiple variables and nonlinear feedback loops and influenced by transportation, social, economic, and environmental factors. Conventional transportation modeling approaches are unsuitable to simulate and evaluate its performance. This paper presents a system dynamics approach based on the cause-and-effect analysis and feedback loop structures. The proposed SD model comprises population, economic development, number of vehicles, environmental influence, travel demand and transport supply. The model runs in Vensim PLE software using the data from Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The impacts of different policy scenarios on transportation system related carbon emission are analyzed. Ban imports of used vehicle, Energy shift and setting emission standard have the capacity to reduce carbon emission with the magnitude of 17%, 59% and 43% respectively by 2030. The study suggests that a combination of policies to achieve a low carbon and climate-friendly transport sector which will result a 74% decrease in carbon emission by 2030.
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    A Project Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for The Degree of Master of Business Leadership
    (Addis Ababa University, 2023-06) Alazar Adula; Seifu Mamo (Associate Professor)
    In the present business environment of accelerated volatility, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity (VUCA), as experienced in Ethiopian Banking industry, the researcher found the area of organizational agility (proactive, flexible, responsive and speedy systems), as the one less researched. In this view, the researcher tried to measure the effect of organizational agility components on the organizational effectiveness of Gada Bank, Ethiopia. The study was made by employing an explanatory research design and collecting primary data from the board of directors and the management of the bank. A structured questionnaire was distributed to 86 respondents out of which 78 were responded. The finding of both descriptive and multiple linear regression analysis showed that organizational agility components like leadership, technological and HR agility have positive and statistically significant effects on organizational effectiveness of Gadaa Bank while the components like structural agility and process agility were found to be statistically insignificant. Based on the findings, the researcher recommends the bank to institute optimum level of agility to its systems and operations so as to gain and sustain competitive advantages while also overcoming challenges and uncertainties that could be posed by internal and external VUCA environments
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    A Qualitative Descriptive Study of Monitoring And Evaluation Practice in International Livestock Research Institute Livestock Projects
    (Addis Ababa University, 2022-07) Rossi Haile; Bantie Workie (PhD)
    Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) is the combination of monitoring and evaluation which together provides the knowledge required for effective project management, reporting and accountability of responsibilities. Since agriculture is a critical industry in nations such as Ethiopia and it is the greatest contributor to total economic growth and poverty alleviation, the focus of this study are livestock projects implemented in International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Ethiopia. ILRI is a non-profit international agricultural research organization committed to improve the lives of people in developing countries via livestock research. This project work is meant to study how M&E practices are used in livestock projects implemented by ILRI Ethiopia. To undertake this, a descriptive research design with a qualitative data was used to gather data from fifteen interviewees from five case projects. The analysis was made using computer aided approach which is coding using Microsoft Word. Findings from the study show that the case projects are familiar with M&E plan. M&E stakeholder participation, M&E human resource capacity and M&E training and these components are really impactful on the performance of the projects. Regular amendment of M&E plans, consideration of additional stakeholders and regular provision of M&E trainings are the key recommendations for projects implemented in ILRI. Further researches with reduced bias and inclusive of other M&E practices are suggested. Key Words: Monitoring, Evaluation, Plan, Stakeholder Participation, Human Resource Capacity, Training, Project Performance
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    A Qualitative Study of the Ethiopian Meat and Meat Product Export Industry: Challenges, Opportunities, Strategies, Impacts, and Competitiveness
    (AAU, 2024-01-17) Meron Aregay Belachew; Ethiopia Legesse Segaro (PhD)
    Despite having Africa's largest cattle population, Ethiopia struggles to export meat due to various challenges in the livestock value chain. This qualitative study examines the challenges and opportunities faced by Ethiopian meat and meat product exporters in the global market, focusing on three aspects: government policies and macroeconomic factors, product quality and marketing strategies, and competitive advantages of Ethiopian meat exporters based interview. Interviews were used to collect data by asking different stakeholders in the industry, such as meat and meat byproduct exporters, livestock animal exporters, licensing bodies, banks, research institutes, quality controllers, logistic experts and associations. The interviews were coded and themed in NVivo 14. Based on the analysis, the main challenges for Ethiopian meat exporters that are currently affecting their business majorly are supply shortage and high production cost. The distribution strategy analysis shows that air transportation is preferred for chilled meat exports to the Middle East site has to reach to destination site freshly without spoilage, while sea transportation is used for meat by-products and some regions with high air costs. Ethiopian meat exporters mostly sell chilled meat to the Middle East, where Dubai takes the lead, meat by products to Far East Asia, and live cattle and camels to Egypt and Somalia, according to the analysis of meat export destination. Analysis of business strategy showed that pricing was the most important factor for the respondents. The export market analysis shows that a distinctive and appealing flavor makes Ethiopian meat and meat products competitive in the Middle East, despite higher pricing, with target market selection remaining crucial. Based on the analysis on factors to meat export success, respondent’s response were peace and stability, effective livestock regulations, ranch ownership, export standard compliance, illegal trade prevention, system modernization, market expansion, and value chain expansion as crucial success factors for meat and animal exports, with peace and stability ranked highest. Respondents emphasized that Ethiopian government policies and the overall Ethiopian economy significantly affect the meat export sector. Meat export brings foreign currency for Ethiopia, which has the largest livestock population in Africa and can take advantage of its geographic closeness to reduce expenses and time. The Ethiopian meat export sector can expand its markets and products by finding new customers and opportunities in the Middle East, Asia, US and Europe, and by creating more value added products such as processed meat by obtaining the required certificate for quality assurance
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    A Research Paper on: Factors Affecting Resource Mobilization and Utilization By Ngos in Ethiopia: The Case of Selected International Ngos
    (A.A.U., 2023-06-07) Wondwosen Ketema; Habtamu Berhanu
    The study mainly intends to explore factors that affect resource mobilization and utilization among selected International NGOs operating in Ethiopia. It is necessary to evaluate factors that affect resource mobilization and utilization, eighteen NGOs and donor related government authority audit firm were considered as a case study. The research used a mixed research approach by which both descriptive and explanatory. The study included 100 participants and due to the small target population, this study used the entire population. The quantitative and qualitative study was conducted to collect information from primary and secondary sources. For this research, a structured and standardized questionnaire was conducted. The data were analyzed by using the STATA software system to analyze the collected data which have been presented using tabulation. According to the conclusion of the study, strategies of resource mobilization adopted by NGOs, external factors and donor financial and associated requirements are important variables influencing the resource mobilization and utilization selected international NGOs. The study recommends that to meet effective resource mobilization and utilization, NGOs should emphasize on factors of resource mobilization and utilization such as strategies of resource mobilization, external factors, and the effect of donor financial and associated requirements
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    A Research Proposal on Assessing the Automated Teller Machine (Atm) Service Quality of Commercial Bank of Ethiopia (CBE) In Addis Ababa
    (AAU., 2025-01-15) Hana Atkaw; Abebe Y. (PhD)
    This research aims to evaluate the quality of Automated Teller Machine (ATM) services offered by the Commercial Bank of Ethiopia (CBE) in Addis Ababa. The primary objective is to analyze customer perceptions and satisfaction levels regarding CBE’s ATM services, ultimately striving to enhance service quality and boost customer retention. The study provides a comprehensive understanding of user experiences by examining key factors such as reliability, responsiveness, ease of use, security and privacy, convenience, and overall service fulfillment. A mixed-methods approach was employed to collect data, incorporating both surveys and interviews with customers in Addis Ababa. The findings highlight the significant role of improving ATM service quality in fostering customer satisfaction and loyalty. This study not only provides actionable insights for CBE to improve its service offerings, but it also proposes tactics for improving the whole banking experience for customers in Ethiopia. The study included 384 respondents chosen using Kothari's (2004) sample size selection technique, with a fantastic return rate of 93.75% from 360 successfully returned questionnaires, which formed the foundation of the analysis and interpretation. The study found that overall customer satisfaction obtained a modest rating (mean score: 3.5984), indicating area for development in terms of ease and overall satisfaction with CBE services. To improve the CBE's ATM services in Addis Ababa, constant monitoring, user-friendly design, high security, and increased accessibility through better placement and support should be addressed
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    A Review on the Effect of Integrated Financial Management Information System (IFMIS) in Public offices in Lemi Kura Sub-City
    (AAU, 2024-06-24) Nebiyou H. Mariam; Demeke Chemdessa (PhD)
    This study aims to assess the effects of the Integrated Financial Management Information System (IFMIS) on the financial performance of public offices in Lemi Kura Sub-city. The research involved 140 employees working with IFMIS, selected through simple random sampling. Data collection and analysis were performed using descriptive statistics, including frequency count, percentage, mean, standard deviation, p-value, and t-test, alongside the determination of confidence intervals. The data were processed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26 software. The findings indicate that IFMIS has significantly improved service delivery by auditors, with a notable enhancement in the audit process. Furthermore, the system has bolstered auditors' independence and facilitated easier access to financial data, both of which were strongly affirmed by the respondents. The system has also enhanced the reconciliation of financial transactions and the reliability of financial records, receiving high ratings from participants. IFMIS has clearly highlighted variances in financial statements, contributing to more transparent auditing processes. Based on these findings, the study recommends that the management of Lemi Kura Sub-city should increase the utilization frequency of IFMIS for cash management and allocate more resources toward the improvement of IFMIS systems. This enhancement is expected to establish greater efficiency in financial management, leading to improved financial performance. Additionally, it is crucial for Lemi Kura Sub-city to ensure the accuracy of records in accounting and financial reporting. This accuracy will ensure that stakeholders and the public have access to reliable financial information, promoting transparency in the use of public funds
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    A Study of Financial Performance of Private Banks; Evidence from the Case of Selected Private Banks in Ethiopia
    (A.A.U, 2023-07-08) Araya Getachew; Demeke Chimdessa (PhD)
    Evaluating the technical and operational efficiency of banks is a key consideration to assess the performance of banks. Besides making sure optimum level of capital, achieving enough liquidity and allowing appropriate expense management are the key determinant of financial performance of banks. In various studies different methods are applied to evaluate banks’ performance. The most common method of financial performance measurement is based on balance sheet and income statement analysis. The main purpose of the study at hand is to evaluate the financial performance of the selected dominant private Banks in the Ethiopian financial market. The study further provided evidence of how the dominant private bank has been financially performing over the course of 10-yearperiod. Audited annual reports from online resource of a total of three dominant private banks covering the year 2013 to 2022 were used in the study. This study applies analytical tools by using ratio analysis and panel data using regression equation based on audited financial statements. The research found out that according to financial ratio analysis tools Awash bank showed a highest performance in the ratios for the period whereas Dashen bank performed better than Abyssinian bank during the period. Furthermore, on both panel fixed model estimations of log of return on asset and Log of return on equity, Liquidity Management and Management efficiency in log form are explanatory variables that are major determinants.
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    A Study on Effectiveness of Selected Human Resource Management Practices in Pave Logistics and Trading PLC
    (Addis Ababa University, 2022-06) Abel Shibru; Adane Atara (PhD)
    HRM practices are the most essential and critical approach for accomplishing organizational goal. Now a days company can get a strong competitive advantage through their human resources via applying effective HRM practices. The main objective of this research was, to study the effectiveness of selected human resource management practices. Those are recruitment and selection, training and development, and reward and compensation practices. To collect the essential data for the study, questionnaires were distributed, collected and analyzed from 66 respondents using simple random sampling technique. The analysis was done using SPSS statistical software version 25 and the finding shows that high level of effectiveness on recruitment and selection practices, hence Training and development, and reward and compensation practice achieved medium level of effectiveness. The study recommended that the PLT management and human capital practitioners need to improve recruitment and selection practice by forming a scouting team to design strategy of checking on high potential that develops the company, training PLT essentially implement post training evaluation to observe reaction, learning behavior and result of the trainee. The least graded practice in PLT is reward and compensation practice the researcher recommends PLT to revise its reward and compensation policy in regard of pay scale and benefit schemes. Keywords: Effectiveness of HRM practice, recruitment and selection, training and development, reward and compensation, PTL