Anaesthesia and Anaesthesiology

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    Determining the outcome of Surgical Intervention and its Associated Factors among Ovarian Cancer Patients at Selected Public Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (2024/2025
    (Addis Ababa University, 2025-06-11) Tesheme Hadush; Wosenyeleh Admasu
    Introduction: Ovarian cancer is the seventh main cause of cancer related death among women globally, and it is the leading cause of cancer related death among gynecological cancers. Healthcare professionals continue to face challenges in improving surgical intervention practices. Furthermore, there is a lack of sufficient research to clearly determine the outcomes of surgical intervention and the factors influencing them. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the surgical intervention outcomes and identify factors associated with these outcomes in patients underwent ovarian cancer surgery. Objective: To determine the outcomes of surgical interventions and their associated factors among ovarian cancer patients in selected public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2024/2025. Methods: A retrospective chart review study was conducted among 252 ovarian cancer patients who underwent surgical intervention at Tikur Anbesa specialized hospital and Saint Paul’s hospital millennium medical college in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from November 2021 to November 2024. A simple random sampling was used to selected participants. Data were collected using EpiData 4.6 and analyzed STATA 17. Descriptive statistics were summarized using graphs and tables, Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed. In multivariable logistic regression, a statistically significant connection was defined as a P-value Result: 181(72%) patients had Good surgical intervention outcome for ovarian cancer, whereas the rest patients have poor outcomes. Age ≥ 55 years (AOR = 3.28, 95% CI: 1.37, 7.84), advanced FIGO stage (AOR = 3.84, 95% CI: 1.48, 9.97), higher ASA classification III–IV (AOR = 3.18, 95% CI: 1.46, 6.92), presence of comorbidity (AOR = 1.94, 95% CI: 0.95, 3.95), and perioperative blood transfusion (AOR = 3.08; 95% CI: 1.49–6.36) and not receiving chemotherapy (AOR = 2.77, 95% CI: 1.34, 5.71) were the significantly associated factors of the good surgical intervention outcome for ovarian cancer. On the other hand, having parity ≥ 2 was associated with a decreased likelihood of poor surgical outcomes (AOR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.27, 1.48). Conclusion: the good surgical intervention outcomes of patients with ovarian cancer who were treated surgically in this study was low. Factors like, advanced stage, Poor ASA physical status, comorbid medical conditions, lack of access to chemotherapy and perioperative blood transfusions were found to influence the surgical intervention outcome. Having parity ≥ 2 is associated with a decreased likelihood of poor surgical outcome. Keywords: Ovarian Cancer, Mortality status, Surgical interventions, Addis Ababa
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    Analyzing Factors affecting Contraceptive Utilization among Women Aged from 15 to 24 Evidence from 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024) Adanech Nigussie; Mulugeta Bezabih
    This study examine the key factors that affect contraceptive utilization in Ethiopia based on the EDHS data on women of 15 to 24 years of age. The health belief model broadly categorized the determinants as demographic, socio-economic and health related characteristics. This study more focused on women status of contraceptive utilization and factors more on those demographic, socioeconomic and reproductive health and related characteristic of women. So this thesis paper will more related to this health belief model. The study used the 2016 EDHS data, collected between January 18 to July 27, 2016 from all administrative region. Cross sectional study design was conducted to check the association of factors between independent characteristics of the respondent and dependent. The descriptive statistics of the variables used in the study was conducted by using various statistical tools like mean, mode, standard deviation, minimum, maximum, frequencies, percentages, etc. the result was presented by using tables and figures. Bivariate logistic regression was carried out between the selected independent factors and the outcome variables. Contraceptive utilization is one of indicators that can inform status of family planning program especially for adolescent and young age women. Level of Education of women was showing significant predictors of adolescent and young aged women. In general, the study revealed that majority of sexually active and married adolescents and young age women were not using contraceptives at the prevalence of contraceptive use among adolescents and young age girls in Ethiopia was very low and Mothers’ knowledge on contraceptive methods was found to be higher effect on adolescents and young age women contraceptive use.
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    Prevalence and Associated Factors of Burnout Syndrome Among Anesthesia Professionals at Addis Ababa Public Hospitals
    (Addis Ababa University, 2025-06-25) Senait Eshetu; Lemlem Getachew; Senait Aweke
    Background: Burnout syndrome is characterized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and loss of sense of achievement that results from prolongedexposure to job stressors. Anesthesia professionals are one of the most stress-proneoccupational groups. Identifying potential factors that trigger stress and understandingthe dynamic nature of burnout is essential. Objective: This study aims to determine the prevalence and associated factors ofburnout syndrome among anesthesia professionals working in public hospitals inAddis Ababa, Ethiopia, in 2025. Method: A multi-center cross-sectional study was carried out among 201 anesthesiaprofessionals employed in public hospitals in Addis Ababa from January to April2025. Participants in the study were selected using a convenience non-probabilitysampling technique. A standard selfadministered questionnaire based on the MaslachBurnout Inventory(MBI-HSS) was utilized to gather data. The data were entered andanalyzed with SPSS version 26. To identify factors related to burnout syndrome,multivariate logistic regression was employed, and adjusted odds ratios(AOR) with a95% confidence interval were used to express significantly associated factors.Variables with a p-value of less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Out of 228 eligible anesthesia providers, 201 responded, resulting in aresponse rate of 88.15%. The study identified a high level of burnout among 15.4% of anesthesia professionals working in public hospitals in Addis Ababa. The multivariatelogistic regression showed that significant burnout scores were observed among female anesthesia professionals (AOR=2.556, 95% CI=1.099-5.943;p=0.029),working > 80 hours weekly(AOR=4.292, 95% CI=1.393- 13.227;p=0.011), and thosewho reported having no support from their supervisors (AOR=7.313, 95% CI=1.48635.980;p=0.014). Conclusion: This research showed that a significant number of anesthesia professionals employed in public hospitals in Addis Ababa experience burnoutsyndrome. Lack of support in their professional environment, working more than 80hours each week, and being female were all significantly linked predictor variables toburnout syndrome.
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    Comparison of Level of Block Achieved after Spinal Anesthesia in Over Weight and Non-Over Weight Patient Undergoing Surgery below Umbilicus at Selected Public Hospitals in Addis Ababa
    (Addis Ababa University, 2025-06-28) Kedir Abafira; Wesenyeleh Admasu; Selamawit
    Background: Obesity and its influence on Spinal anesthesia is a significant factors for surgeries below an umbilicus associated with effective level of sensory and motor block, As well as it has been a significant effect on the cephalic spread of a spinal block (SB) due to a reduction in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Objective: To compare level of block achieved after spinal anesthesia in over weight and non over weight patients undergoing surgery below umbilicus at selected Public hospitals in western shewa, Oromia, Ethiopia. Methods: This study divided 140 patients who had surgery below the umbilicus into two groups: 70 patients who were overweight and 70 patients who were not. A level of sensory and motor assessed by A bilateral T12-T4 and bromage scale 0,1,2,3, respectively within induction phase(5minuts),10 minutes and at the end of surgery of the intrathecal medication injection was deemed to indicate an effectiveness level of spinal block for lower umbilicus surgery under spinal anesthesia. Using numerous variables that independently affect the spinal anesthesia outcome, logistic regression was used to assess the parameters that affect the procedure.. Results: On multivariate analysis, overweight’s were had higher sensory and complete motor block. AOR:1.95CI(1.5-2.5),p:<0.001,andAOR:1.5,CI:(1.2-1.87),p:<0.001respectively in contrast to their counterparts and dose of bupivacaine also were significantly associated to higher motor and sensory blocks. Additionally, the dose of bupivacaine (AOR:1.56(CI: 1.24-1-2.3), P:0.028) were independent predictors of effective anesthesia in the patients where as BMI kg/m2 was found to be a predictor of effective level of block under spinal anesthesia by multivariate analysis (odds ratio at 95% CI: 1.25; 1.1-1.4, p: 0.001). Moreover, the multivariate analysis's findings also showed that overweight, body mass index (BMI), and level of spinal block were predictors of spinal anesthesia. Additionally, it was discovered that the over weight group experienced bupivacaine-induced sensory and motor blocking level than the non-over weight group. Conclusion:. These findings imply that overweight people had a high level of sensory and motor block, than non-over weight patients. Additionally, BMI, and bupivacaine dosage are significant predictors of level of spinal block under spinal anesthesia.
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    Survival Status and Predictors of Mortality in Adults Undergoing Craniotomy For Traumatic Brain Injury: A Multi-Center Retrospective Cohort Study, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2025-07) Sisay Dedefo; Senait Awoke; Wubayehu Amare
    BACKGROUND: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) accounts for a significant number of morbidities and mortalities globally, especially in low resource settings. Craniotomy is performed to reduce intracranial pressure and treat complications. however, survival outcomes and their predictors remain poorly defined, especially in low-resource setting. OBJECTIVE: This Study aimed to assess the Survival status and predictors of mortality on patient age greater than 18 years who underwent Craniotomy for Indication of Traumatic brain injury at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital and ALERT hospital from 2019-2023 GC Ethiopia, Addis Ababa. METHODS: A five years A retrospective cohort study was conducted with 121 TBI patients who underwent craniotomy. Data was gathered through medical record review and analysed using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis (survival analysis) and Cox proportional hazards models (Cox model). The log-rank test was used to compare survival distributions among subgroups of patients. Results: The overall mortality rate was 22% with its 95% CI: 14.6% to 29.4%), with a time of 6 months. The most deaths (19 deaths) occurred during the first observation interval, with a hazard ratio of 0.17 at that interval. Advanced age (AHR = 6.20; 95% CI: 2.37-16.19; p = 0.001); severe TBI (AHR= 6.06; 95% CI: 1.94-18.96; p = 0.002); intra-operative hypotension (AHR= 8.47; 95% CI: 2.81-25.55; p=0.001); and post-operative mechanical ventilation (AHR = 4.71; 95% CI: 1.35-16.36; p = 0.015) were independent predictors of mortality. Conclusion: The study showed a significant mortality burden amongst post-craniotomy TBI patients due to both non-modifiable risk factors (age, severity of injury) and modifiable risk factors (hypotension, ventilation). These findings emphasize the need for prompt surgical management, more precise intra-operative monitoring, and effective postoperative management. Therefore, all stakeholders (policymakers, health care service providers, and researchers) need to work together to improve publicly funded trauma care systems to foster improved survivorship resource.
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    Effectiveness of Carbetocin Versus Oxytocin Forheamodynamic Satbility After Spinal Anesthesia in C/S Deliveries: A Multicenter Cohort Study in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2025-06-23) Sosina Yimenu; Adugna Aregawi; Zeweter Ashebir
    Background: Because of its safety margin, spinal anesthetic block is the most commonly used anesthesia procedure for cesarean delivery and during cesarean delivery, uterotonic drugs are routinely recommended after the delivery of the baby to prevent postpartum hemorrhage. Investigations assessing the contractile properties of oxytocin and carbetocin reported comparable adverse reactions for the two agents. Analyzing the hemodynamic side effects of these medicines appears essential and urgent considering their role as prophylactic medication and a rising percentage of high-risk parturient. Objective: To compare effectiveness of carbetocin versus oxytocin for hemodynamic stability after spinal anesthesia in C/S delivery in a private and tertiary public hospital, a prospective cohort study, Addis Ababa Ethiopia, from February 1- April 30/2025. Method: A multi-center cohort study had been conducted among 66 parturients who undergone elective cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. The Collected data was statistically analyzed with SPSS version 26. Demographic and clinical data was computed with independent sample t test and categorical data was measured using chi square test and for qualitative variables fisher’s exact test is employed, when applying the condition for chi square test were not fulfilled. Additionally, non-parametric variables were computed using Mann Whitney U test. A P value of< 0.05 was deemed statistically significant. Result: There was statistically significant difference in terms of hemodynamic parameters1minute after administration of the study medication the decrease in BP was (p- value 0f 0.02inSBP, 0.27 in DBP and 0.003 in MAP). Incidence of hypotension occurred in 12(36.4%) parturients in oxytocin group and 11(33.3%) parturients in a carbetocin group with p- valueof0.796 which is not statistically significant. There was no significant difference in terms of Vasopressor requirement, amount of blood loss and requirement for additional uterotonic agent among the groups with a p- value of 0.301, 0.285 and 0.286 respectively. Conclusion and recommendation: The change hemodynamic profile was better maintained in the carbetocin group. In the availability of both medications, we recommend to preferably use carbetocin than oxytocin, because of higher incidence of chest pain with the use of oxytocin and better hemodynamic profile in the carbetocin.
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    Incidence and Associated Factors of Perioperative Respiratory Adverse Events Among Pediatric Patients who Underwent Surgery Under General Anesthesia at Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 2024/25
    (Addis Ababa University, 2025-04-05) Selam Tigabu; Blen Ayele; Tseganesh Berhanu
    Background: Perioperative respiratory adverse events (PRAEs) are the most frequent complications in pediatrics which frequently result in morbidity and mortality. They are accountable for 75% of perioperative critical incidents and 33% of cardiac arrests. Objective: To assess the incidence and associated factors of perioperative respiratory adverse events who underwent surgery under general anesthesia among pediatric patients at Tikur anbesa specialized hospital, Adiss Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: An institution based cross sectional study was conducted among 176 pediatric patients aged 0 to 12 years who underwent elective and emergency surgery over three month period. Systemic random sampling was used to select patients. Data was collected through structured questionnaires and medical record reviews. Analysis was done by using SPSS 25. Logistic regression was used to identify associated factors and a p-value < 0.05 at 95% confidence intervals was considered as statistical significance. Result: The overall incidence of perioperative respiratory adverse events was 20% (n=36). ASA class 2 and 3 (AOR=8.7, 95%CI=2.74, 27.84) and (AOR=4.9, 95%CI=1.23, 19.77) respectively, upper respiratory tract infection (AOR=7.6, 95%CI=2.14, 27.16). and duration of surgery more than 1 hr (AOR=4.4, 95%CI=1.45, 13.28). were independent predictors for perioperative respiratory adverse events. Conclusion: A significant level 20% of the study participants had preoperative respiratory adverse event. Factors that were associated with were history of Upper respiratory tract infection, increasing American society of anesthesiologist physical status and long duration of surgical procedure.
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    Assessment of Patient Satisfaction with Preoperative Anesthetic Evaluation and Associated Factors at Tash, Addis Abeba, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2025-05) Regassa Samrawit; Ayele Blen
    Background: Patient satisfaction with preoperative anesthesia care is a key indicator of healthcare quality, influencing both patient experience and outcomes. In Ethiopia, limited evidence exists on the level of patient satisfaction with preoperative anesthetic evaluation, especially at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (TASH). Objective: To assess patient satisfaction with preoperative anesthesia care and identify associated factors among elective surgical patients at TASH. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 331 patients undergoing elective surgery at TASH. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire covering socio-demographic data, clinical history, type of surgery, and perceptions of anesthetic care. Satisfaction was assessed and associated factors analyzed using descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression. Results: The overall satisfaction rate was 85%. Significant factors associated with satisfaction included perceived cleanliness of the preoperative clinic (p = 0.042), punctuality and availability of the anesthesia provider (p = 0.037), and adequacy of fasting instruction (p = 0.017). Educational level, ASA classification, and prior surgical history were not significantly associated. Conclusion: High patient satisfaction was reported with preoperative anesthetic evaluation. Interpersonal and environmental factors—such as communication, provider behavior, and clinic cleanliness—played a critical role in shaping patient perceptions. Enhancing these areas could further improve patient-centered care. Keywords: Patient satisfaction, anesthesia care, preoperative evaluation, Tikur Anbesa Hospital, Ethiopia
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    Incidence and Factors Associated with Postoperative Vomiting in Pediatric Elective Surgical Patients at Minilik II Comprehensive Referral Hospital and Tikur Ambessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2024/2025 G.C
    (Addis Ababa University, 2025-04-23) Amha Abenzer; Shamil Amria
    Postoperative vomiting (POV) is one of the most common complications observed in pediatric anesthesia. The incidence in pediatrics is estimated to be between 33% and 82%. Children have twice the risk of experiencing postoperative vomiting compared to adults. Risk factors for postoperative vomiting can be divided into three categories: those related to the surgery, anesthesia, or patient
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    Predictors of Survival Time to Discharge Following Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation among Neonates Admitted in NICU at Gandhi Memorial and Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia: A Prospective Cohort Study
    (Addis Ababa University, 2025-02-15) Admasu Abraraw; Mintesnot Helen
    Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a set of life-saving procedures that increase survival chances. An integrated series of coordinated actions symbolized by the links in the Chain of Survival are necessary for successful resuscitation after cardiac arrest. Cardiopulmonary arrest requiring CPR with chest compressions occurs in 0.25% to 1% of NICU admissions.
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    Magnitude of Admission, outcomes and Associated Factors of Neurosurgical Patients at Tikur Anbessa Hospital Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Addis Ababa A Retrospective Observational Study From January 01, 2024 - January 01, 2025.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2025-04-13) Gebriel Absera; Shamil Amria
    Neurosurgical care is resource demanding which require advanced technology in terms of managing and monitoring of patients. Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital is the leading territory referral center in Ethiopia providing advanced care for critically ill patients. Neurosurgical patients constitute majority of the patients admitted at the surgical intensive care unit at these hospital patients usually admitted are for postoperative follow up after a neurosurgical procedure or for management of their underlying neurological illness
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    Incidence of Adverse Event and Associated Factor During Intrahospital Transport of Critically Ill Patient in ICU at TASH, Dec 2024-Feb 2025G.C,Prospective Observational Study
    (Addis Ababa University, 2025-05-10) Getu Addisu; Alferid Fetiya
    Intra-hospital transport of critically ill patients is a vital component of intensive care unit (ICU) operations, necessary for various diagnostic, therapeutic, or procedural interventions. Despite its critical role, this process can introduce significant risks, including adverse events such as changes in vital signs, procedural complications, or deterioration in patient’s condition
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    Adherence of Health Care Workers to Hand Hygiene at Intensive Care Unit Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, 2024/25, Observational Study
    (Addis Ababa University, 2025-04-15) Mullu Adissu; Ayele Blen
    Background: Hand hygiene (HH) is recognized as the single most effective strategy for preventing health care–associated infections. In developing countries, data on hand hygiene compliance is available only for few health-care facilities. This study aimed to assess hand hygiene adherence of health-care workers working at ICU of TASH, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: This study employed the WHO hand hygiene observation method. Direct observation of the health care workers (HCWs) was conducted using an observation record form in five Intensive care units. Trained observers watched HCWs while they had direct contact with patients or their surroundings, and the observers then recorded all possible hand hygiene opportunities and hand hygiene actions with sample of at least 200 opportunities per ICU. HH compliance was percentage of the number of times hand hygiene action to the total number of opportunities for hand hygiene. Results: A total of 1016 hand hygiene opportunities with 227 HH actions were observed during the study. Overall HH compliance was 22.3% . Doctors had better HH compliance than Nurses and adhere more at morning. Levels of compliance were lower before patient contact (3.9%), before an aseptic procedure (6.3%) and after contact with patient surroundings (16.8%), whereas better levels of compliance were found after body fluid exposure (51.4%) and after patient contact (32.7%). Conclusion: HH compliance of HCWs was found to be low in ICU of TASH . Compliance with indications that protect patients from infection was lower than that protect the HCWs. The findings of this study indicate that HH compliance needs further improvement. Keywords: Hand hygiene compliance, Direct observation method, Health-care worker, ICU, TASH, WHO
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    A prospective, Randomized, Single Blind Study on the Efficacy of Varying Doses of Dexamethasone in Preventing Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Adult Elective Surgery Patients at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (2024-2025)
    (Addis Ababa University, 2025-06-10) Naba Amanuel; Alfered Fetiya
    Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a common and distressing complication following surgery. Dexamethasone is widely used as a prophylactic antiemetic, though the optimal dose remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of two doses of dexamethasone (4 mg vs. 8 mg) in preventing PONV among adult elective surgical patients
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    Incidence 0f Major Intraoperative Adverse Events and Associated Factors Ammong Patients Undergoing Surgery At Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital,Addis Ababa ,Ethiopia,2025
    (Addis Ababa University, 2025-06-10) Libmogn, Ayalew; Jiregna, Getachew
    Surgery is a critical condition associated with potential complications. Adverse intraoperative events (AIEs) can significantly impact patient outcomes and increase healthcare costs. While several studies have explored AIEs in different settings, data from developing countries like Ethiopia remains limited. Understanding the incidence and associated factors of AIEs in such settings is crucial for improving patient safety and quality of care.
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    Preoperative Anxiety and its Hemodynamic Effect among Elective Surgical Patient at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital In 2024/2025 G.C
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-06-23) Hordofa Ayantu; Kedir Nura
    Preoperative anxiety is a common but often under recognized condition. Despite its prevalence ,it is frequently neglected which can negatively affect hemodynamic stability during perioperative period. Understanding its prevalence and physiological consequences is essential for improving perioperative care
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    Magnitude and Reasons of Elective Surgery Cancellation among Patients at Tikur Anbessa Sepecialised Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2024/25; A Cross-Sectional Study
    (Addis Ababa University, 2025-04-15) Motbaynor Bekalu; Kedir Nura
    Elective surgeries are vital for timely treatment and improved patient quality of life. Cancellation of these surgeries leads to increased costs, delayed treatment, and patient anxiety. Limited data exists on this issue in Ethiopia, particularly at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, a major referral center. Understanding the magnitude and reasons for cancellations is crucial for improving service delivery
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    Incidence and Associated Factors for Perioperative Respiratory Adverse Events in Elective Pediatric Surgical Patients with Recent Upper Respiratory Tract Infections in Selected Public Hospitals, Addis Ababa , 2025: A Prospective Cohort Study
    (Addis Ababa University, 2025-06-23) Tefera, Bekalu; Seifu Ashenafi
    Pediatric surgery patients frequently have perioperative respiratory adverse events (PRAEs), which are responsible for one-third of cardiac arrests and three-quarters of perioperative critical occurrences. Thus, upper respiratory tract infections (URIs) are the most frequent cause of PRAE and are the main reason for postponing surgical intervention in pediatric patient’s .Currently, there is no consensus on the best period to postpone surgery in children with recent upper respiratory tract infections.
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    Effectiveness of Prophylactic Adminstration of Intravenous Paracetamol for Prevention of Post Spinal Anesthesia Shivering Among Parturients Undergoing Cesarian Section at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2024/2025, Prospective Cohort Study
    (Addis Ababa University, 2025-06-10) Gezahegn Mussie; Abrar Meron
    Spinal anesthesia is known to be a contributing factor to shivering, leading to undesirable complications that have adverse physiological effects. Recent studies suggest that paracetamol may be a promising prophylactic measure. Nevertheless, there is paucity of information on its effect in preventing post-spinal anesthesia shivering in low-income countries like Ethiopia including the study setting
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    Predictors of Mortality among Patients Admitted to Surgical and Medical Intensive Care Units at Tikur Anebessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2025-05-15) Rekik Walle; Nura Kedir
    Intensive care units (ICUs) play a vital role in managing critically ill patients, yet mortality rates within these settings remain a pressing concern worldwide. Various factors,including demographic characteristics, underlying health conditions, and interventions received, influence patient outcomes in ICUs. In Ethiopia, particularly in high-demand facilities like Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, data on ICU mortality and its predictors are scarce. Understanding the predictors of mortality in surgical and medical ICUs is essential for enhancing patient care and resource allocation