Severity of Pain and its Associated Factors Among Trauma Patient at Emergency Department in Selected Public Hospitals: An Institution Based Multi Center Cross-Sectional Study in Addis Ababa Ethiopia, 2023.
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Date
2023-06-11
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Traumatic pain is very high in African countries such as Ethiopia due to the fact that they have no acute traumatic pain management guidelines and are the most neglected. Thus, the current study aimed to describe factors associated with severe trauma pain and to support healthcare professionals in planning actions and programs that prioritize the evaluation and control of trauma victims' pain in emergency units.
Objectives: To assess the severity of pain and its associated factors among trauma patients at the emergency department in selected Addis Ababa public hospitals, Ethiopia, 2023.
Method: A multi-center cross-sectional study was conducted in selected Addis Ababa public hospitals from February 1 to April 30; 2023.The pain intensity was evaluated at the time of admission to the emergency department within 20 minutes prior to analgesic administration by the data collectors. A numerical rating scale (NRS) was used to assess the pain intensity. The collected data were coded, entered into EpiData version 3.1 and analyzed by SPSS version 26 statistical software. A bi-variable analysis was performed to determine each of the independent variables, and only variables with a P-value < 0.2 were entered into the multivariable analysis. The strength of the association was determined by the odds ratio and its 95% confidence interval.
Result: The prevalence of moderate-to-severe traumatic pain in patients who sustained trauma at triage in the ED was 82.3%. Being female(AOR=5.601, 95%CI 1.723-18.2), alcohol consumption (AOR=4.212, 95%CI 1.22–14.4), ambulance transport (AOR=5.763, 95%CI 1.72-19.3), road traffic accident (AOR=7.286,95%CI1.004-52.8), fracture (AOR=5.239,95%CI 1.077-25.4), trauma site (AOR=7.642,95%CI 1.499-38.9) were significantly associated with severe trauma pain in multivariable logistic regression.
Conclusion: The current study shows that the prevalence of trauma pain was high in the emergency ward. Therefore, the assessment of moderate to severe trauma pain in the ED could be improved by increasing the use of pain rating scales and identifying factors that are associated with severe trauma