International Business

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Imapact of Change Drivers on Change Outcome During Covid 19: In the Case of Unilever Manufacturing Plc
(A.A.U, 2024-01-23) Mekdelawit Teferi; Demeke Chimdessa (PhD)
This research is set out to find the impact of change drivers has on change outcome which is organizational change. The Change drivers parameters used are Communication, Risk taking propensity, Empowerment, Change management tools and techniques, Engagement, and Perceived Support. The research used Quantitative research and explanatory research design to explain effect of independent variables on the dependent variable. Descriptive analysis was also used to describe the characteristics of the data and produce meaningful analysis and make conclusions. To analyze the collected data, a statistical tool called statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 26 is used. The type of sampling technique used is a simple random sampling method. Therefore, from a population of 219 employees, a sample size of 142 was taken out. From this sample size, it was managed to collect 103 correct responses for analysis making. The finding of the research emphasizes that the Communication, Risk Taking Propensity, Empowerment, Perceived Support and Communication management tools and techniques has a significant impact. Contrarily, Engagement has presented statistically insignificant effect. Based on the result, recommendations were made that the company should keep this as its strength and look for ways to further improve the methods of communication. And also it’s recommended that the company motivates employees who take calculated risk.
Factors Influencing Individual Investor Behaviour: an Empirical Study of the Ethiopian Equity Market
(A.A.U, 2025-01-15) Bereket Kiflu; Meskerem Mitiku (PhD)
This study investigates the impact of behavioral finance on investment decisions, focusing on how psychological factors, such as cognitive biases and emotions, influence individual equity investors in Ethiopia. It addresses a gap in the literature by exploring these biases within the context of an emerging market. A survey of 384 respondents was conducted using a structured questionnaire with 25 items across five categories: self-image/company-image alignment, accounting information, neutral information, advocate recommendations, and personal financial needs. Additionally, five items measured the dependent variable of individual equity investment decisions. Analysis using SPSS version 26 revealed that accounting information and self-image/company-image alignment had the most significant influence on investment decisions, while neutral information had the least impact. The key factors influencing investment choices included the company’s industry status, dividends, financial statement conditions, share marketability, past performance, and ethical standing. These results show that Ethiopian investors prioritize financial performance indicators, market liquidity, and corporate ethics in their investment decisions. Classical wealth-maximization criteria, such as profitability and return on investment, were also significant, reflecting the behavior of experienced investors. Conversely, factors like expected losses in international markets, the unattractiveness of non-share investments, and recommendations from interested parties had minimal influence. Interestingly, despite the cultural importance of religion and family in Ethiopia, company religious affiliation and the opinions of family and friends had only a moderate impact on investment decisions. These findings suggest that while personal affiliations play a minor role, financial performance, ethics, and expert advice are the dominant drivers of investment behavior. The moderate influence of identity-related factors such as ethnicity, religion, and politics indicates a shift away from these considerations in contemporary investment behavior. Keywords: Behavioral Finance, Investment Decision, Individual Investor, Investor Behavior.
The Effects of Strategic Change Management Practices on a Bank's Performance: the Case of Cooperative Bank of Oromia
(A.A.U, 2025-01-29) Rahel Temesgen Lefebo; Asres Abitie Kebede (PhD)
The purpose of the research was to investigate the effect of strategic change management practice on bank performance as well as policy change, strategic leadership, corporate culture, central bank compliance, digital transformation and their effect on the bank performance by focusing on cooperative bank of Oromia, particularly in head office, central Addis Ababa district and branches under central district. By taking the research objectives and questions into considerations, quantitative research approach, and descriptive and explanatory research design were used. The study was delimited to proportionate stratified and purposive sampling techniques. Quantitative data was collected using a structured questionnaire which was adopted and distributed to a sample of 301 targeted population of different departments in head office & managers of central Addis Ababa district office and branches under central district of coop bank. Diagnostic tests confirmed that the regression model met essential assumptions. The quantitative data was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential analysis. The findings reveal a significant overall F-value of 78.196 (p < 0.05), indicating that these independent variables are strong predictors of bank performance. Pearson correlation coefficients between 0.588 and 0.704 were identified, all statistically significant at the 0.01 level. While all independent variables, except for policy change, significantly affected bank performance (p < 0.05). The adjusted R-squared value of 0.635 suggests that approximately 63% of the variance in bank performance is explained by the independent variables. In conclusion, the findings highlight the crucial role of strategic change management practices in enhancing the performance of the Cooperative Bank of Oromia.
Factors Influencing the Impact of Special Economic Zones on Ethiopia’s Export Competitiveness: in the case of the Dire Dawa
(A.A.U, 2025-02-28) Feben Bogale; Asres Abitie Kebede (PhD)
The study aims to assess the impact of logistics efficiency, infrastructure development, trade policies, regulations, and trade liberalization on the export competitiveness of businesses in the Dire Dawa Free Trade Zone. Both quantitative and qualitative research approaches were employed. Primary data were gathered through questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS version 27, complemented by secondary data sources. A conceptual model was formulated by reviewing relevant literature to achieve the study's objectives. Descriptive statistics indicated high mean scores across five categories, reflecting positive evaluations. Pearson correlation analysis demonstrated significant positive relationships among the variables. The standardized coefficients highlighted Trade Liberalization and Policy and Regulation as the most influential factors in enhancing export competitiveness. The findings revealed that while logistics and infrastructure are recognized as positive contributors, they did not significantly affect export competitiveness in this study. Conversely, trade policies and regulations played a crucial role, showing a substantial and statistically significant positive effect on export competitiveness. The study underscores the importance of well-structured trade policies and regulatory frameworks in boosting export performance. The research recommends that the government prioritize the development of favorable trade policies and regulations, promote trade liberalization, strengthen logistics and infrastructure, and foster public-private partnerships. These strategies are essential for creating a conducive environment for export growth and driving sustainable economic development.
Effect of Leadership Styles on Employees’ Motivation: The Case of Selected Multi- National Corporations in Addis Ababa
(AAU, 2025-03-01) Mikiyas Teklehaimanot; Yohannes Workaferahu (PhD)
Thi s st udy is depl oyed t o exami ne t he effects of leadershi p styl es on e mpl oyee moti vati on wit hi n si x sel ect ed multi nati onal corporati ons ( MNCs) locat ed i n Addi s Ababa, Et hi opi a. The pri mary obj ectives i ncl ude i dentifyi ng t he leadershi p styl es practiced, exami ning t he component s of leadershi p styl es t hat si gnificantl y i nfl uence moti vati on, assessi ng t he rel ati onshi p bet ween transf or mati onal, transacti onal, and l aissez-fai re leadershi p st yl es wit h moti vati on, and i dentifyi ng t he domi nant leadershi p styl e f or enhanci ng e mpl oyee moti vati on. A survey was di stri but ed t o 154 e mpl oyees, wit h 138 f ully compl et ed responses anal yzed usi ng SPSS Versi on 24. To address t his concern, on t he t heoretical literat ure revi ew t ouches Trait, Behavi oral and Conti ngency or sit uati onal approach t hat are rel at ed t o leadershi p styles and regardi ng t he dependent vari abl e motivati on Abraha ms Masl ow Hi erarchy of need t heory and expect ancy t heori es were discussed. The fi ndi ngs i ndi cat e t hat transf or mati onal leadershi p, wit h di mensi ons such as i dealized i nfl uence and i nspirati onal mot ivati on, has t he most si gnificant positive effect on e mpl oyee moti vati on, foll owed by transacti onal leadershi p. On t he cont rary Laissez-f aire leadershi p exhi bited a negati ve rel ati onshi p wit h moti vati on. Multi pl e regressi on anal ysis confir med t hat leadership st yl es account f or 74. 3% of t he vari ance i n e mpl oyee moti vati on, wit h transf or mati onal leadershi p e mergi ng as t he domi nant styl e. The st udy hi ghli ghts t hat organi zati onal politics and bi as associ at ed wit h leadershi p di mensi ons, particul arl y i dealized i nfl uence and i nspirational moti vati on, may hi nder f air promoti ons. Empl oyees report ed satisf acti on wit h benefits and promoti on opport unities but i ndi cat ed areas f or i mprove ment i n skills devel opment and work activities. Recommendati ons i ncl ude impl e menti ng unbi ased perf or mance eval uati ons, enhanci ng i nt er-department al communi cati on, and i nvesti ng i n st aff trai ni ng. Fut ure research coul d expl ore leadershi p st yl es' effects on other sect ors, such as healt hcare or banki ng, and exami ne cult ural infl uences on moti vation wit hi n MNCs wit h organi zati onal politics as a medi at or. Key words: Multi-nati onal Corporati ons (MNCs), Leadershi p styles, Transacti onal, Transf or mati onal and Laissez f air, Empl oyees` Moti vati on.
The Effect of Strategic Plan Implementation on Bank’s Performance: Emperical Evidence from Oromia Bank
(A.A.U, 2025-01-22) Oljira Tesfaye; Asres Abitie (PhD)
This study aims to investigate the impact of strategic plan implementation on the performance of Oromia Bank, addressing the critical need for effective strategic planning in enhancing operational efficiency, profitability, and customer satisfaction within Ethiopia's dynamic banking sector. Utilizing a mixed research approach and explanatory research design, the study collected data from employees through descriptive and inferential statistics, focusing on key performance indicators such as return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE), and customer satisfaction. Findings indicate that while the quality of strategic plans is perceived positively, their direct correlation with profitability is weak, with a notable example being a weak correlation coefficient of 0.071 for strategic plan quality. Moreover, employee engagement significantly enhances strategic implementation outcomes, as evidenced by a positive correlation of 0.150, while challenges in execution, particularly resistance to change, negatively affect performance, with a regression coefficient of -0.159. The study concludes that gaps in leadership commitment and resource allocation hinder effective strategy execution, recommending improved training and development programs to foster a more engaged workforce. By addressing these challenges and enhancing employee involvement, Oromia Bank can achieve better performance outcomes and maintain a competitive edge in the financial landscape.
The Mediating Role of Marketing Strategy in the Effect of Antecedents on Export Performance of Oilseeds: the Case of Ethiopian Pulses and Oil Seeds Exporters Association
(A.A.U, 2025-01-26) Dagmawit Kebede; Abera Legesse (PhD)
This study investigates the factors affecting the export performance of Ethiopian oilseed exporters, emphasizing the mediating role of export marketing strategies. A quantitative research approach was employed, utilizing an explanatory survey design to establish causal relationships between internal factors (firm and product characteristics), external factors (industry and market characteristics), and export performance. Data were collected from 162 respondents, primarily members of the Ethiopian Pulses and Oilseeds Exporters Association (EPOSEA). The analysis was conducted using SPSS version 27 software, incorporating descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and multiple regression models to test the relationships among variables. The results reveal that firm, product and market factors does not have significant influence on export performance, however industry characteristics shows the strongest direct impact. Export marketing strategies comprising product adaptation, pricing, promotion, and distribution emerged as a crucial mediator, enhancing the effectiveness of these factors. Statistical tests, including Pearson correlation, multicollinearity checks, and regression analysis, confirmed the robustness of the model. The adjusted R-square value indicated that 70% of the variance in export performance could be explained by the independent variables, underscoring the importance of aligning internal capabilities and external opportunities with strategic marketing efforts. Respondents emphasized several recommendations, including the need for increased government support including addressing structural barriers and simplify export regulations. They also highlighted the importance of investing in modern technologies to enhance production efficiency and meet international quality standards. Additionally, respondents recommended improving market accessibility through enhanced trade networks and partnerships, as well as addressing logistical challenges by upgrading transportation and storage infrastructure.
Effect of Leadership Styles on Employees’ Motivation: The Case of Selected Multi- National Corporations in Addis Ababa
(AAU, 2025-03-01) Mikiyas Teklehaymanot; Yohannes Workaferahu (PhD)
This study is deployed to examine the effects of leadership styles on employee motivation within six selected multi national corporations ( MNCs) located in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The primary objectives include identifying the leadership styles practiced, examining the components of leadership styles that significantly influence motivation, assessing the relationship between transfer national, transactional, and laissez-faire leadership styles with motivation, and identifying the dominant leadership style for enhancing employee motivation. A survey was distributed to 154 employees, with 138 fully completed responses analyzed using SPSS Version 24. To address this concern, on the theoretical literature review touches Trait, Behavioral and Contingency or situational approach that are related to leadership styles and regarding the dependent variable motivation Abrahams Maslow Hierarchy of need theory and expectancy theories were discussed. The findings indicate that transformational leadership, with dimensions such as idealized influence and inspirational motivation, has the most significant positive effect on employee motivation, followed by transactional leadership. On the contrary Laissez-faire leadership exhibited a negative relationship with motivation. Multiple regression analysis confirmed that leadership styles account for 74. 3% of the variance in employee motivation, with transfer national leadership emerging as the dominant style. The study highlights that organizational politics and bias associated wit h leadership dimensions, particularly idealized influence and inspirational motivation, may hinder fair promotions. Employees reported satisfaction with benefits and promotion opportunities but indicated areas for improvement in skills development and work activities. Recommendations include implementing unbiased performance evaluations, enhancing inter-departmental communication, and investing in staff training. Future research could explore leadership styles' effects on other sectors, such as healthcare or banking, and examine cultural influences on motivation with in MNCs with organizational politics as a mediator.
Effect of Export Incentive on Export Performance in Ethiopia
(A.A.U, 2022-01-11) Samson Beletikachew; Yohannes Workaferahu (Phd)
In today’s challenging and market competitiveness world, the Ethiopian government introduces and implements fiscal and non-fiscal scheme to promote and encourage export trade. The main purpose of this study was to the Effect of Export Incentive on Export Performance in Ethiopia. The researcher used Descriptive and Explanatory type of the research design to explore the relationship between Export Incentive and Export Performance. The researcher used both primary and secondary data. The primary data obtained through a structured questionnaire prepared from export companies whereas the secondary data from reports, published and unpublished documents. The target population was 132 export companies. The convenience sampling technique was used. The study used questionnaires as a tool for data collection. Two separate instruments export incentive practice and export performance Assessment Instrument were used to measure export incentive practice and export performance respectively. In order to test the reliability of the instrument, the Crobanch alpha test was the responses of the respondents were analyzed using descriptive Statistics, correlation, and regression. The findings of the study showed that export incentive practice, Such as duty draw-back scheme, the voucher scheme, the bonded export factory scheme, the bonded manufacturing warehouse scheme, the bonded input supplies warehouse scheme; and the industrial zone scheme. Export Performance In terms of value (Total Amount of export per annum) performance linkage as independent variable and as the dependent variable.
The Effect of Training and Development on Employee’s Performance at Bank of Abyssinia
(A.A.U, 2024-06-25) Kaleb Tekeste; Tewdros Wuhib (Assistant Professor)
Nothing gets done in an organization without workers, including the most valuable assets such as machines, supplies, and cash. Because of the dynamic nature of humans, it is critical that employees receive continual training and development in order to compete in today's marketplace. Employee performance is the most important factor in improving an organization's overall performance. This study will look at how training and development affect employee performance, specifically at the Bank of Abyssinia. As a result, the research design was a descriptive and correlational study. To achieve the purpose of this study, 100 questionnaires were issued, and 92 of them were successfully gathered and analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis (mean and standard deviation), correlation, and regression analysis using SPSS 26. Version. Both primary and secondary source of data were used for this Study. The method of data collection was questionnaire in the form of both open ended and closed ended questions. Through the selection of four branches (one from each), as well as district and head office staffs, this study was carried out throughout all four grade branches of BOA, ranging from Grade 1-3 and the corporate branch. according to the fact that branches with the same grade are uniform in every respect according to the standards of the bank, and because they all have the same organizational structure, behavior, and culture, as well as the same working environment, branches will be chosen at random. Finally, after the study, the researcher found that the training design and employee performance were positively correlated and had strong correlation between them. Then, the recommendations were based on the findings which affects employees’ performance in the case of Bank of Abyssinia.
The Impact of Perceived Cultural Fit and CSR Capability on Employee Attachment: Mediating Role of Employees’ Perception of CSR in the Ethiopian Tannery Industry
(A.A.U, 2024-06-02) Gifti Lelisa; Yared Asrat (PhD)
This study examines the impact of perceived cultural fit with CSR activities and perceived CSR capability on employee attachment within the Ethiopian tannery industry, focusing on the mediating role of employees’ perception of CSR activities. The research used a quantitative research approach and data were collected from employees in five tannery industries through structured questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS 27.0. The sample size of 333 was proportionally allocated to each tannery based on their employee count relative to the total population of 2000 employees, ensuring a representative sample through simple random sampling. The analysis involved multiple regression analysis following Baron and Kenny's fourstep approach to determine the direct and indirect effects of the independent variables on employee attachment. Results indicate that perceived cultural fit and CSR capability significantly influence employee perceptions of CSR activities, which in turn positively affect employee attachment. However, the hypothesized mediating role of employees’ perception of CSR activities did not hold when controlling for other variables. The findings underscore the importance of aligning organizational culture with CSR initiatives and enhancing CSR capabilities to enhance employee attachment in Ethiopian tanneries. These insights contribute to understanding CSR's impact on employee attachment in developing economy contexts and offer practical implications for organizational strategies.
The Effect of Corporate Social Responsibility on Banks’ Competitive Advantage: The Case of Bunna Bank S.C
(A.A.U, 2024-02-28) Yonas Mekonnen; Meskrem Mitiku (Phd)
The contemporary economic climate in a developing country is competitive due to globalization and technical advancement, necessitating a firm’s participation in CSR to maintain its competitiveness. Therefore, this study prioritized the contribution of these CSR stakeholders to the banking industry’s competitive advantage and examined the relationship between various CSR engagement dimensions (customer, employee, community, and environmental). The study used Simple Random Sampling with a framework of stratified sampling technique. The study employed correlation and regression analyses to explore the relationships between these variables and analyze their relationships. Additionally, hypotheses were formulated to demonstrate how the independent variables (customer, employee, community, and environmental) of corporate social responsibility impact the dependent variable of competitive advantage. To this end, a structured 5-point Likert scale close ended questionnaire-based survey was employed to collect data. Descriptive statistics also conducted in the research through the aid of SPSS 26th statistical tools. The findings revealed that different stakeholders of CSR (like customers, the community, employees, and the environment) had a positive impact on the elements that make a bank stand out competitively. Specifically, Bunna bank S.C is most focused on customer-related CSR, considering it the most crucial factor for their competitive advantage. On the other hand, they pay the least attention to CSR related to the environment. Therefore, it's suggested that bank employees should give more importance to environment-related CSR and incorporate it into the company's business operations. This could have a significant impact on the bank's competitive advantage, ensuring sustainable development.
Effect of Stakeholder Management on the Performance of the Organization in Case of Bank of Abyssinia
(A.A.U, 2024-07-30) Woldesenbet Woldie; Meskerem Mitiku (Phd)
This study aimed to examine the effect of stakeholder management on organizational performance in bank of Abyssinia. Stakeholder management is the process of identifying and understanding all the people, businesses, governments, internal stakeholders, shareholders and other groups of people that are involved in, or affected by, the organization. Managing stakeholders can enhance firm’s ability to outperform competitors in terms of long-term value creation. It is important to the bank to create positive relationships with stakeholders through the appropriate management of their expectations and agreed objectives. In order to succeed and be sustainable over time, executives must keep the interests of customers, suppliers, employees, communities, shareholders, and stakeholders in general aligned and going in the same direction For this study, the researcher applied a quantitative research approach with both descriptive and explanatory research design. The primary data was gathered through structured questionnaire from 150 employees of bank of Abyssinia. The collected data was analyzed using statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 25 with PROCESS Macro Procedure for SPSS version 3.5. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Research findings revealed stakeholder management has and positive relationship with the performance of bank of Abyssinia. Based on the research findings, the study concluded that a good stakeholder management has a significant positive effect on organization performance of bank of Abyssinia so Executives and management of the bank have to take the interest of stakeholders while making major decision of the bank since stakeholders have significant impact on the performance of the bank., These findings were in line with the theoretical conceptions and empirical findings that indicated stakeholder management influence organization performance.
Assessment of The Influence of Employee Training on the Organization Performance: In Case of Ethiopian Shipping and Logistics, Addis Ababa)
(A.A.U, 2024-06-27) Mareshet Shemeles Desta; Tewodros Wuhib (Ass. Professor
The aim of this research was to explore the assessment of the influence of employee training on the organization's performance at the Ethiopian Shipping and Logistics. The investigator assessed the impact of training factors on the organization performance: training need assessment, training program design, and training methods. For this analysis, 86 questionnaires were distributed to 86 Addis Ababa main office staff members. A Stratified random sampling techniques was used, and 72 questionnaires could collect for analysis; the rest of 14 questionnaires couldn’t collect from the respondent. The data had been analyzed using Version 21 SPSS. The researcher used descriptive and inferential method for analysis. This study could show that the significant relationship between the variables training and development and organization performance. The Enterprise should give an opportunity for their workers to attend with the activities of HRM in the training needs assessment and training program design. Training feedback should be collected after the training.
The Effect of Bank Lending and Private Equity Investment Criteria on Smes Access To Finance: A Demand and Supply Side Syntheses
(A.A.U, 2022-03-02) Meraf Girma; Yitbarek Takele(PhD)
This study analyzed the effect of bank lending and private equity (PE) firm investment criteria on SMEs' access to finance. The study followed a deductive approach, both explanatory and descriptive designs, survey method, and questionnaire as data collection instrument. A total of 270 bank managers and credit officers and 8 PE investment and business analysts as well as 200 SMEs owners and managers established the study setting. Hayes logistics regression was used to analyze the direct and indirect effects of lending criteria on manufacturing SMEs access to Bank finance and descriptive statistics to rank PEs’ SME investment criteria. The study found a full mediation role of adverse selection in the relationship between SMEs access to finance and 4 aspects of bank lending criteria. However, moral hazard partially mediated the relationship between SMEs access to finance and the other 2 aspects of bank lending criteria. Regardless of having significant mediation effects, the logistics regression indicated SMEs access to finance didn’t increase compared to the previous year. On the other hand, the descriptive analysis of PE’s response indicated SMEs’ managerial, product, market, and financial considerations influence their investment decisions on SMEs. The relative importance index showed that both PEs and Banks give priority to entrepreneurial character in screening SMEs for financing. Besides, the demandside analysis showed that collateral and capital requirements, and financial consideration are the most important criteria influencing access to Bank and PE finance, respectively. The study concludes SMEs access to finance doesn’t show improvement as a result of not-fulfilling mainly Banks' non-performance-related criteria and the lifestyle entrepreneurship nature of manufacturing SMEs in Ethiopia to attract PE investment. The study also concludes that while the existing collateral and capital related criteria directly influence Bank SME financing decisions, character, activity, condition, and capacity do not. This implicates the need for revising the existing Bank SME lending criteria.
Determinants of Mobile Brand Preference on Customer Buying Decision: Evidence From Techno Mobile Shop Owners and Employees in Addis Ababa
(A.A.U, 2024-02-04) Gashaw Kibru; Habtomu Edris (PhD)
The main objective of the study was to investigate determinants of customer buying decision in the field of mobile manufacturing, with a particular focus on Tecno Mobile Company in Addis Ababa. Both descriptive and explanatory research designs as well as a quantitative research approach were used to conduct the study. Convenience sampling was used to seleca sample of 285 respondents from Addis Ababa and a structured questionnaire with response rate of 95% was used to collect 270 valid data points. The Statistical Process for Social Sciences (SPSS version 27) was used to conduct statistical analyses. The results were interpreted through descriptive analysis using metrics such as mean and standard deviation.Additionally, regression analyzes and correlations were carried out. The validity and reliability of the instrument were confirmed during the research process. In addition, the basic assumptions for regression and correlation analysis are met. The results of the multiple regression analysis also showed that globalization, personal history, social networks and the symbolic meaning of products all positively influence consumers' purchasing decisions. The two factors that had the largest positive and significant influence on consumers' mobile phone buying decisions were personal history and symbolic meaning of the products, respectively. This study adds to the small body of research on Ethiopia's sectors. How eve the study was limited to Addis Ababa; future research should attempt to examine a wide range of Ethiopian regions. Such studies can help mobile manufacturing companies and neinvestors assess the value of their products and those of their competitors, create marketing plans and strategies, and successfully develop and bring their products to market.
Prospectes and Challenges of Entering into international Market; The Case of Exporting Edibale Oil Manufacturing Companies in Ethiopia
(A.A.U., 2024-07-01) Alayu Tesfaye; Ethiopia Legesse (PhD)
The study aims at identifying the prospects and challenges of entering in to international market by exporting in case Ethiopia edible oil manufacturing companies. Data collected through primary source through interview. 12 respondents were participated in the survey based on purposive sampling method of sample. The interview question concern on firm’s performance on domestic market, competitive advantage on international market, challenges engaged on international market and strategies used to overcome challenges and exploited opportunities in order to effectively perform in abroad market. As finding, Ethiopian edible oil manufacturing companies have unique advantages, for reason unique oilseeds, potential for organic production, fair trade opportunities, proximity to growing markets and lower labor cost. On other hand Ethiopian edible oil manufacturing companies have challenges to engage in international market by limited access to fiancé, raw material dependence, complex trade regulations, high costs, uncertain political climate, limited processing capacity and completion from established players. And also as findings, Firms can exploits’ their opportunities and overcome the challenges to entering abroad market by using target strategic market, partner with experienced players, build brand recognition, address internal weakness, seek government support and highlight unique selling pointes. On this basis, it is recommended that Ethiopian edible oil manufacturing firms shall capitalizing opportunities through focus on specialty oils, target regional market, invest in oil seed production and also addressing challenges implement strict quality control measures, develop strong brand identity, increased processing capacity, partner with international logistics companies, explore duty free incentives, conduct through market research and participate in international trade shows.
Internationalization of Small and Medium-sized Manufacturing Enterprises: Exploring Determinant Factors
(A.A.U, 2022-02-03) Hassen Awel; Amare Abawa(PhD)
The objective of the study is to explore determinants on internationalization of SMEs in Ethiopia. Given that a survey-based approach was used. The target population was small and medium size manufacturing enterprises in Ababa, Ethiopia. The choice of Addis Ababa for the study was based on size and concentration of SMEs. The study used both primary and secondary data. The primary data was collected from SME Managers (owners) and other senior managers through dispatching standard questionnaire. Secondary data was gathered from information publications such as, thesis and dissertations which were relevant to prepare literature review. Cluster random sampling technique has been used for selection of respondents. The data collected were analyzed using appropriate descriptive statistics multiple linear regression analysis. Moreover, the data have been analyzed with the help of Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). The empirical study presented major determinates that affect internationalization SMEs. According to the participants’ perception, the study revealed that the most important determinant affecting on internationalization of SMEs was financial resource. Government and other stockholders should facilitate the financing.
Factors Affecting Air Cargo Export Trade: Insights based on the perception of employees in Ethiopian International Air Cargo Service.
(A.A.U, 2024-07-13) Hikma Miftah; Yohannes Workaferahu (PhD)
This thesis investigates the challenges and opportunities within the air cargo trade, focusing on insights gathered from employees in Ethiopian international air cargo services. A comprehensive analysis of the current industry landscape revealed several key issues: insufficient focus on cargo infrastructure development, inadequate stakeholder collaboration, inefficiencies in ground handling processes, the need for research and innovation, and challenges in customs clearance procedures. Based on these findings, recommendations are proposed to enhance export cargo performance. These include prioritizing cargo infrastructure development, improving stakeholder collaboration, enhancing ground handling efficiency through technological integration and training, fostering research and innovation initiatives, streamlining customs clearance processes, and ensuring prompt implementation of improvement measures. Implementing these recommendations is expected to lead to improved efficiency, increased throughput, and enhanced global competitiveness for Ethiopia's air cargo industry.
Assessment of Foreign Direct Investment Entry Performances at Early Stages of Firm Establishments in Ethiopia
(A.A.U, 2022-04-03) Kutiyo Gutema; Amare Abawa (PhD)
This study tries to assess Foreign Direct Investment Entry Performances at Early Stages of Firm Establishments in Ethiopia. The study used annual data of New FDI inflows and FDI entry performances firms at establishment periods and data employed for the variables are from period of 2011 to 2020. To analysis the Data, study used descriptive statistics. The study employed five variables including dependent variable of new FDI entry performance and four independent variables such as FDI under pre-implementation stage, FDI under implementation stage, FDI under operational stage and FDI permits cancelled. The study concludes that from the employed independent variables; highest mean registered by Foreign direct investment entries under pre-implementation stage by Birr 27.12billion and followed by Foreign direct investment entry permits cancelled Birr 12.4billion and highest standard deviation was registered by Foreign direct investment entries under pre-implementation stage by Birr 30.27billion and followed by Foreign direct investment entry permits cancelled Birr 15.56billion respectively. In the light of this, critical improvements are required in the areas of investment statuses, particularly FDI implementation, operational stage and FDI permits cancellations. The result of this paper demands policy intervention of government to make new FDI firms achievements in reaching operational and production stages in order to improve entering FDI firms’ performances and contribute for economic growth of the country.

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