International Business

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An assessment of deposit mobilization of Commercial banks in Ethiopia:The case of Dashen Bank s.c
(Addis Ababa University, 2018-06) Daniel, Alemu; Abebaw, Kassie (PhD)
This study aims to assess deposit mobilization of commercial banks in Ethiopia by concentrating the case on Dashen Bank S.C. Descriptive method and particularly survey design approaches were adopted for the study. The survey was conducted with staff individuals working in Dashen Bank S.C at different positions using questionnaires. In addition, the study uses structured review of documents and records held by DB and NBE. The study reveals that customer service, branch expansion, the good will of the bank, management flexibility on customer service, provision of foreign currency and the commitment of the staffs highly affect deposit mobilization of the bank. The current situation shows that Dashen bank is operating in a dynamic and highly competitive environment and there is high possibility of catch-up and by-pass among these banks. Dashen bank should prepare for the inevitable stiff competition that will arise from local and with the eminent future entrant of foreign banks.
Data Driven Managerial Decision Making in Ethiopian Export Sector
(A.A.U, 2021-06) Dejene, Kumesh; Fikre, Mesfin (PHD)
With the development and deployment of ICT in different sector of an Economy, the type and amount of data collected by organizations is increasing from time to time. This created the concept of big data, data analytics, business intelligence and or data driven decision making. In line with this, almost all organizations are collecting and maintaining some sort of data/ information about their business. But it is not common to see many organizations analyzing their collected data and use for decision making. This problem is common among organizations in developing countries. Ethiopia is not an exception. From this perspective, the objective of this study is toexplore the hidden insight behind the data by applying business intelligence tool tableau. The study followed exploratory research approach; it intends to see the relationship among product category, value, volume, destination and year of export and used visualization as research design. The study used secondary data from the period 2007 to 2020 G.C, collected from Ethiopian Ministry of Trade.Business intelligence software Tableau was used to analyze the data. The finding is very impressive. The analytics tool revealed that there is much insightful information hidden inside the huge data set. Insights related to trend and relationships among some key data variables is interesting particularly for CEOs that don’t have to crunch every data in detail. The different tables that results from the analysis revealed the importance of data analytics. Particular emphases can be given to the visualization feature of the tools.
Risk Management in New Product Market Entry Process for the Breweries Industry: The Case of Some Selected Breweries
(A.A.U, 2021-06) Getahun, Aynadis; Abitie, Asres (PhD)
The main objective of this study was to analyze Risk Management in New product market entry process for the breweries industry. It attempted to describe the risk management practices in new product market entry process and to determine the effect of Risk identification, Risk Assessment, Risk Response, Risk Control and Monitoring on new product performance. The study tested whether risk assessment, risk identification, risk control and Monitoring and risk response of new product had significant effect on product performance or not. In this study, descriptive and explanatory research design were used. Primary data, through structured questionnaire, was collected from samples of 241 respondents of Breweries Company. Stratified sampling was used to select proportional number of samples from the Habesha, St. George and Dashen companies. Data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics with the help of SPSS version 23. The results revealed that all independent variables in the study, risk identification, risk assessment, risk response, risk control and monitoring have positive and significant effect on new product performance. Hence, the concerned breweries company should review, audit, and communicate risk of new product development properly and strengthen provision of training on risk management for employees and conduct regular reviews of risk efforts and report to management of breweries’ company. Key Words: Risk Management, New Product Performance, New Product Development, Market Entry, Breweries
Factors Influencing the Performance of Pilgrimage and Heritage Tourism: The Case of Lalibela, Ethiopia
(A.A.U, 2021-06) Abebe, Sintayehu; Mitiku, Meskerem (PhD)
Ethiopia, registered 13 tangible and intangible cultural and natural heritages under UNESCO world heritage list, that makes the country one of the few highly gifted with natural and historical tourism resources. However, although having better tourist destinations, and unique in historical heritages sites like Lalibela, Ethiopia is lagging behind other East African destinations. The rate at which the economic potential accrue to a destination significantly depends on various factors such as the tourist attraction site itself, hospitality of various stockholders, transport service, facilities like hotels, resorts, restaurants, shops and soon. Although the current multibillion dollar project on Gorgora, Koyesha, and Wenchi could create new natural tourist destinations, these would not complement the heritage tourism rather it would create competition. The positive experience with the tourist services and other facilities given by specific tourism destination, can encourage tourist memory and such travel experience can enhance the reliability to the destination. Therefore, it is essential for the management of tourist destinations to provide the best service for their respective tourists’ in encourage the creation of satisfaction and loyalty to tourists that can encourage increasing revenue and profits for tourist destinations. This paper using descriptive type study with both quantitative and qualitative research, assess the factors that influence the heritage and pilgrim tourism of Lalibela. Nonprobability convenience sampling and random sampling technique was used to select samples domestic and international tourists. The final finding uncovers that even though the country has very popular and unique destination, which is preferred by many tourists to visit frequently, increasing tourist satisfaction and overall performance is highly dependent on attraction, and facilities while transport and hospitality has also impact.
On Saving and Credit Cooperatives’ Outreach The Effects of Governance : The Case of Addis Ababa Saving and Credit Cooperatives
(A.A.U, 2021-06) Girma, Yonas; Abite, Asres (Phd.)
Saving and credit cooperatives has been growingly playing essential role enhancing the welfare of the society during the last few decades. Despite their great contribution, they are facing several challenges that typically emanates from their organizational and governance problems. Consequently, many studies have been undertaken on saving and credit cooperatives that targeted to examine the nature and consequences of their governance. However, many of them have approached the subject focused on the relationship between an aspect of governance and a chosen measure of performance. This partly has led to quite huge lack of consistency in the research outcomes pertaining to the essential nature of the relationship between governance and performance of saving and credit cooperatives. The purpose of this research is to underline the true nature of the relationship between governance and outreach of saving and credit cooperatives in Addis Ababa. Explanatory research approach is employed, and mainly secondary data are used with supplementary primary information. The study used a panel data framework that pools observations on cross-section of units over the last three years periods (2017/18 to 1019/20). The unit of analysis are 232 currently operational primary saving and credit cooperatives that are enrolled under Addis Ababa saving and credit union. Samples of 60 units are randomly taken and primary data are collected using self-administered semi structured questioner and secondary data are collected using documents review. The research statistically examined whether the data met the underlying assumptions of ordinary least square method. Then Pearson correlation analysis has been carried out to examine the net effects of each explanatory variable over the response variables. Finally, the nature and magnitude of the relationship between governance and outreach is underlined through the analysis of the joint effects of the explanatory variables on the response variables using multiple regression technique. The study has found that the independent variables board competency, board meeting frequency, and internal control mechanism have strong positive effects on outreach of SCCO both in terms of the number of clients served and the average loan size. It has also found that weak positive association exists between the explanatory variables board size, board diversity, and incentive mechanism with the response variables number of borrowers and the average loan size.
The Effectiveness of Public Assets Disposal Process; the Case of Ethiopia Public Procurement and Property Disposal Service
(A.A.U, 2021-07) Tadesse, Yonas; G/Tsadik, Zelalem (Dr)
The main purpose of this particular study was to assess effectiveness of the centralized public property disposal process in the case of Public Procurement and Property Disposal Service. For the total target population was only 40 employees who have direct involvement in the centralized public property disposal process and as this number is manageable an operation called census was conducted to select respondents in the study. The study used both quantitative and qualitative data sourced from the primary and secondary sources. Structured questionnaire and semi structured interview were used to obtain the primary data while the secondary data was sourced from various documents. Both descriptive and explanatory research design were also deployed to analyze the gathered data in this study with the help of Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS version 24). From descriptive analysis finding the overall centralized property disposal process was revealed good in effectiveness but not fully effective. The finding of the confirmed that asset valuation has statistically significant positive effect on the effectiveness of the centralized public property disposal process at 1 percent significant level while legal framework and staff competency have significant positive effect on effect on the effectiveness of the process at 5 percent significant level. Poor recording and documentation practice in the beneficiary public bodies, in limitation of the asset valuation method (equation) and the gap in the legal framework were also identified as major challenge that hider the effectiveness of the centralized public property disposal. Therefore, in order to enhance the effectiveness of the process and assure value for money, the concerned regulatory bodies together with PPPDS need to revise the asset valuation equation and the legal frame work based on the identified gaps. There is also a need to improve the fixed asset recording and documentation practice of the beneficiary public bodies through continuous trainings and regular follow up.
The Role of Marketing Strategy Practices on the Business Performance: A Case of Yes and Daily Bottled Water Companies
(A.A.U, 2021-07) Kumera, Betelhem; Workeaferahu, Yohannes (PhD)
This research paper aims to examine the role of marketing strategies practices on the performance of Daily and Yes water bottling companies in Ethiopia: A Case of Daily and Yes Bottled water Bottling Companies. With reports of the varying degree of successes and failures recorded by Water bottling companies in different parts of Ethiopia, it is imperative to attempt to carry out a detailed study of the role of marketing strategies on their business performance. To address the research objective 174 sampled respondents were selected. To get reliable and sufficient information regarding companies’ marketing strategy practices and to easily contact respondents, purposive sampling technique was used. Then, to select samples from the population in order to get the required sample size in Addis Ababa proportional sampling technique has been used to get the required sample size. About 174 questionnaires were distributed; from which 167 sample respondents replied appropriately to the questionnaire. Data gathered were analyzed based on these 167 responses using SPSS 20 software package. Descriptive statistics and explanatory research approaches were employed. All outputs were presented using frequency, correlation and multiple linear regressions. The result indicates that sales promotion, product strategy, relationship, pricing strategy, placing strategy, segmentation strategy, positioning strategy, and targeting marketing strategies were the major influencing strategies that determine and influence their business performance. Among these strategies, sales promotion, product strategy, and relationship strategy were the most statistically significant influencing strategies for their business performance. The study recommended that the companies have to give more emphasis in maximizing quality and packaging design, should focus on relationship, and set a promotion budget to communicate the above elements with the Page11 appropriate promotion tool to increase its market share, sales, maximize its profit, and to compete in the market as well as to enhance business performance.
Factors Affecting National Resource Mobilization in the Business Sectors for Humanitarian Non-Government Organizations in Ethiopia
(A.A.U, 2022) Woldeamanuel, Sara; Takele, Yitbarek (PhD)
The study has been conducted with the aim of investigate the critical factors that fetched less National Resource Mobilization (NRM) in Ethiopia. Rising incidents of humanitarian assistance among the nationalities is an increasing concern. Most Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) are entities to do humanitarian assistance as per the need and priority. In Ethiopia, most NGOs perform humanitarian assistance through foreign funds that created dependency in international communities. The nationalities participation in availing resource for humanitarian assistance observed very less. Hence, NRM creates a bridge for nationalities to take part for a diversified funding source, which might be a preferred substitute to foreign funding through time. The study result what critical factors is affecting business sectors as potential local funding sources to humanitarian projects. The investigation of factors with in the business sectors circle drives where to focus, what to do and how to do by engaging and working with NGOs. The study adapted a deduction approach, using both qualitative and quantitative methods through exploratory factorial analysis. Accordingly, the questionnaire was distributed to 390 business sectors targeted to the business owners, investors, top officials, and managers at the senior level. 357 responses gathered which result the response rate of 91.5%. The study finds out the critical factors after the detail analysis of collected data through exploratory factorial analysis, principal component factorial analysis and sequential explanatory analysis to include both close-ended and open-ended questions. The collected data fulfills the construct validity of measurement and reliability. The study findings state that usage of information based innovative mechanisms in identifying, share gaps, needs, funding with priority is critically important to increase NRM participation. In addition, the NGOs impact and deliverability, transparency requirement to CSA, within the community, their engagement with the business sectors and with the community found to be critically important. The reason is understanding mutual benefit creates motivation in willingness to participate in NRM. Most of the business sector representatives expressed their willingness to participate in NRM. Government's support and incentives as per their involvement had a direct influence. NRM is an approach approved in 2019, for NGOs to do local fundraising by the Agency for Civil Societies Organizations (ACSO). Monitoring and controlling the works and deliverability of NGOs, in focus of decreasing dependency syndrome is very mandatory. That will increase to foster the culture of philanthropy and volunteerism in the nationalities that directly contribute to NRM’s practicality in the future. Key Words: NRM, Knowledge Management, Digital Technology, Behavioral Motivations, Community Engagement, NGOs, and Government incentives, ACSO monitoring, dependency syndrome
Budget Management Practices and Constraints in International Non- Governmental Organizations; The Case of Management Sciences for Health – Ethiopa
(A.A.U, 2022-01) Melese, Nigatu; Fufa, Takele (PhD)
This research sought out to assess the budget management practices and constraints in Management Sciences for Health (MSH). The general objective of the study was to assess budget management practices of the various projects within the organization and how effective the practices are in handling funding from donors. This research adopted the DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve and Control) lean six sigma methodology to develop the conceptual framework. The research approach employed was of a descriptive nature with both qualitative and quantitative investigation to evaluate the budget management practices within MSH. The data was collected using structured questionnaires from 72 permanent employees of Management Sciences for Health who were based at Addis Ababa office. The research scope was limited within MSH Addis Ababa staff. The finding of the research revealed the existence of ineffective budget management practices at Management Sciences for Health mainly from weaknesses in budget plan preparation, data collection, budget monitoring, and poor analysis method. The research recommended the importance of relevant staff involvement in budget preparation, highlighted the need for conduct of budget monitoring and analysis monthly, and suggested information sharing among projects. Key Words: Effective, gaps, knowhow, DMAIC, budget.
The Effect of Macro Business Environment on Export Performance and the Mediation Role of Strategic Market Orientation: The Case of Textile and Garment Exporter Multi-National Companies in Ethiopia
(A.A.U, 2022-01) Mohammed, Seada; Abitie, Asres (PhD)
The purpose of this study is examining the effect of macro business environment on export performance and the mediation role of strategic market orientation of MNCs exporting textile and garment which are based in Addis Ababa. This study used quantitative research method and employed explanatory survey design to objectively answer the research questions. In order to achieve the study objectives, 165 sample respondents were selected through stratified random sampling technique. Accordingly, data were collected through self-administered questionnaire from sample respondents. Out of 165 respondents, 150 workable data were obtained. These data, analyzed through inferential statistics tools. An inferential statistics with the help of SPSS confirmed that macro business environment has positive and statistically significant relationship with export performance. Moreover, macro business environment has strong and significant effect on export performance. The technological factors were identified to have the bigger impact on export performance. Meanwhile, strategic market orientation partially mediates the relationship between macro business environment and export performance. Macro business environment in general have strong effect in shaping the company’s strategic orientation. Critical lesson were observed in policy, industry, firms and educational implications. Key words: Multinational-companies, political and legal environment, economic environment, socio-cultural environment, technological environment, environmental factors, strategic market orientation, export performance
Factors Affecting Export Performance of Textile and Garment Industry: The Case of Hawassa & Bole Lemi Industrial Park.
(A.A.U, 2022-01-08) Hawani Eshetu; Asres Abitie Kebede (PhD)
The objective of this study was to examine the factors Affecting Export Performance of Textile and Garment Industry in Ethiopia by focusing on the industrial parks with regard to Infrastructure, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), Trade Openness/Market access and Policy and regulatory situation in the import export business. In the study both quantitative and qualitative research design approaches were used. Data were collected from primary sources and secondary sources. The primary data were collected through questionnaire and analyzed by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. To achieve the objectives of the study conceptual model was formulated by reviewing previous related literatures. The mean shows that the independent variables have positive and significant effect on the performance of export with mean value of 4.1. Correlation between the independent and dependent variables indicates a degree of less multi-collinearity. According to the findings, Infrastructure, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), Trade Openness/Market access and Policy and regulatory situation have positive effect on export performance. From all the variables FDI has the highest positive relation on export performance of the garment and textile industry. The qualitative data also supports the result of the quantitative data. Export performance was mainly influenced by FDI and Infrastructure with very high statistical significance. Furthermore, trade openness and policy environment has also significant impact for the growth of textile and garment export. Thus, the research recommends that to improve the textile and garment export, the government need to work on securing dependable market access through WTO rather than AGOA and work hard to attract quality foreign investors in the sector.
Factors Influencing the Internationalization of Firms: Case of Addis Ababa City Exporters
(A.A.U, 2022-02) Ditta, Habtamu; Workaferahu, Yohannes (PhD)
The study aims at identifying factors influencing internationalization and their relation with improved international business performance of export firms found in Addis Ababa city. Explanatory research design was used and data collected through primary source using questionnaire. 287 respondents were participated in the survey based on simple random sampling method of sample selection by using mathematical formula. In order to test the reliability of the instrument, the Cronbanch alpha test was used. Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression analysis were employed to estimate the causal relationships between dependent and independent variables. Finally, the responses of the respondents were analyzed using descriptive Statistics, correlation, and regression through computer loaded SPSS software. The empirical results showed that host countries high market potential, reputation of the company’s in the industry and increased value and number of employees were motivating factors for deciding internationalization of Ethiopian export firms. The effects of all predictors were statistically strong positive and significant effect on improved international business performance. The overall finding of this study suggests that firm size, competitive advantages and market characteristics had statistically strong positive and significant effect on improved international business performance. On this basis, it is recommended that export firms shall increase the value and number of employees and shall concentrate on host countries that have high market potential while deciding presence on international business activity. Moreover, export firms shall increase reputation of their companies in the industry; possession of unique proprietary technology shall be increased and should focus on host countries that have complementary and receptive organizational structures, processes and administrative conveniences while making foreign entry decisions. Key words: Internationalization, Firm Size, Competitive Advantage, Market characteristics
An Assessment on Interest free Banking Practice in Ethiopia
(A.A.U, 2022-05) Musema, Muhammad; Yitayew, Abebe (PhD)
The main purpose this thesis paper is assess practical implementation of IFB in Ethiopia with specific reference nine commercial banks currently providing IFB service. The study has used both primary and secondary data sources. Structured questionnaire were the primary source of data. A total of 45 sample respondents were taken through purposive sampling. As the orientation of this paper is chiefly descriptive in nature, the data was analyzed using descriptive statistics of percentage, frequency and mean. The finding of the study depicts, most of banks are doing in accordance with IFB principles. However, there were also some gaps on Sharia advisors related to properly performing their role, duty and responsibilities in a regular manner, again doubt on their academic knowledge and experience on IFB. In addition, there was a gap related to applying one of the major IFB principles known as risk and return sharing principle, and lack of financing, which resulted inability to meet financial needs of IFB customers and made total financing below an average. Moreover, result from study revealed that providing IFB through dedicated window facilitated for the banks to take many opportunities. Furthermore the result indicates that banks have been facing many challenges to provide IFB successfully, such as; lack of well trained and experienced human resource on IFB, lack of qualified Sharia advisory scholar, lack of educational and training curriculums on IFB, limitation of capital and resource, lack of knowledge and proper understanding of IFB among the society on IFB products and services, and lack of suitable banking polices for IFB. Accordingly, the study recommends for the banks, government and all other responsible body, that, to take consideration for the above discussed and other features of IFB industry and to take proactive measures from all perspectives. Key Words: Interest fee banking, compliance, opportunities, challenges, growth.
International Competitiveness of Ethiopia's Leather and leather products industry to the EU-28 market
(A.A.U., 2022-09-06) Ibrahim Mussa; Lakew Alemu (Dr.)
In our quickly developing globalized reality, the competitiveness of a particular national economy and its business environment is a critical factor for the economic, political and societal development of a country as well as for economic alliances. In the light of substantial improvement in export growth and changing internal and external economic environment. The aim of this paper is to investigate the major sources of export performance, the changes in international competitiveness and comparative advantages of Ethiopia's leather and leather products export to the EU-28 market and analyze the reasons for these changes for the period between (2009–2019). The performance indicators employed for the study are two measures of specialization; the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and the Revealed Symmetry Comparative Advantage (RSCA) and a measure of competitiveness, the Market Share (MS) Index using yearly data from 2009 -2019. To infer competitiveness from the changes in export value over time, a first- level Constant Market Share (CMS) analysis was used to decompose the changes in export value into a structural effect, competitive effect and second-order effect. To augment this technique, an empirical analysis on the determinants of Ethiopia's leather and Leather products export was conducted using the Armington trade model by OLS regression on yearly basis, with quantity market share as the dependent variable. The result of the indices of specialization, shows Ethiopia has a comparatively high RCA in leather and leather products exports to the EU-28 over the selected economies during the period of study. This indicates that Ethiopia has a comparative advantage which is significant potential for specialization in leather and leather products export. In terms of competitiveness, Ethiopia market share value has declined over the study period. Judging by the operational definition of competitiveness, Ethiopia has been less competitive. The CMS decomposition of changes in export values indicates that the changes in export value of Ethiopia can be attributed to structural effect (growth of the market) mainly. The result of empirical analysis indicates that level of specialization and relative price ratio has a strong impact on the Quantity market share of Ethiopia in EU-28 market, on the other hand, exchange rate and trade agreements seem less important determinants for the success of Quantity market share in the target market.
The Effect of E-Banking Service on Customer Satisfaction: in The Case of Abay Bank S.C, Addis Ababa Branches
(A.A.U., 2023-01-01) Genet Daba; Yared Asrat(PhD)
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of e-banking service on customer satisfaction in a case of Abay Bank S.C particularly Addis Ababa city branches. The study focused on nine independent variables i.e, ease to use, reliability, accessibility, fees and charges, transaction efficiency, responsiveness, security and privacy, service content and system availability and customer satisfaction as dependent variable. The study used quantitative research approach to have a better insight and gain a richer understanding about the effect of those factors on customer satisfaction. The researcher has employed explanatory research design to objectively answer the hypothesis. Simple random and cluster sampling methods were employed in order to select relevant respondents from e- banking service’s customers. For achieving the study objective, the study distributed 400 structured questionnaires, but collected 380 questionnaires. In line with this, 5 point Likert scale questionnaire were applied with closer assistance of the researcher. Then, the data were analyzed through SPSS software by stating descriptive and inferential statistics using linear regression model. By the findings, regression model indicates that reliability, accessibility, Transaction efficiency, system availability, security and privacy and service content have significant effect on customer’s satisfaction. However, ease to use, responsiveness, fees and charges have no significant effect on customer’s satisfaction. Finally, on the basis of the research findings, Abay Bank S.C has to be reliable and responsive in terms of speed and accuracy while providing e- banking services products to customers.
The Effect of Job Stress on Employees’ Productivity during COVID 19 Pandemic at Ethiopian Airlines
(A.A.U., 2023-01-02) Mahlet Habteselassie; Asres Abitie (PhD)
This purpose of this study is to examine the effect the job stress has on productivity during the time of the Covid-19 pandemic among Ethiopian Airlines Cabin Crew and Technician Employees. Job stress was measured though variables, Role Conflict, Role Ambiguity, Work Overload, Physical Environment and Relationship at work. The study adopted a quantitative research method sourced from primary data collected through a structured questionnaire. To fulfill the research objective, a stratified random sampling technique was used to select respondents of 372. The data was collected through a self-administered questionnaire from these respondents. SPSS v.26 was used to analyze the data. From the analysis it was revealed that Role Conflict, Physical Environment and Relationship at work was found to have statistically significant effects on productivity. Role Conflict was found to have the highest effect on employee productivity. Crucial lessons were observed in industry, policy and educational implications. Role conflict, Role Ambiguity, Work Overload, Physical Environment, Relationship At work, covid-19, Productivity.
The Effect of Women Empowerment on Organizational Performance: Empirical Evidence from the Banking
(AAU, 2023-03-13) Fikerte Mikrue; Asres Abitie (PhD)
The study mainly focuses on examining and evaluating the effect women empowerment on organizational performance within selected banks in Ethiopia. In doing so, the study evaluated women’s participation in decision making, sharing information, training and development and reward and recognition criteria. The research thoroughly examines whether women employee’s empowerment and organizational performance has a positive correlation. Based on this, the performance of an organization would be a dependent variable and others measures such as women’s participation in decision making, sharing information, training and development and reward and recognition are an independent variable. The study employs both an explanatory and descriptive research design, also used a quantitative approach to present research findings. The research is conducted on a targeted population of women employees within selected banks in Ethiopia. The motive in selecting the organizations specific to this study is based on their ownership types, their market profit for fiscal year 2020/2021, and the date of the bank’s establishment. The researcher employs purposive sampling and proportional stratified sampling technique in selecting samples from the given population. Primary data relevant for the study were collected through structured questionnaires, by hard-copies and Google forms, by distributing to sample size that represents the population. The questioners were distributed to three different banks, and the researcher enhanced the sample size by 10% in order to improve the response rate and decrease invalid data. Out of 134 samples, the researcher gathered 129 (96.26%) of the data. The data collected were analyzed by using statistical package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 26 and the findings were interpreted based on the listed hypothesis, regression model, descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings revealed that the independent variables have a positive and significant effect on the performance of the banks. As a result, the selected banks are advised to place a high priority on women's empowerment in relation to their organizational performance
Determinants of Employee Performance: The Case of Bank of Abyssinia
(A.A.U., 2023-05-06) Kalabe Abera Megersa; Zelalem Gebresadik (Dr.)
The aim of this research has been to examine the factors that drive employee performance. Employee Performance can be subjective by many factors including Intrinsic Motivation, Training, Competence and Workload. In this study including Intrinsic Motivation, Training, Competence and Workload they were assessed for their capacity to predict employee performance in the Bank of Abyssinia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Employees. Each of them a quantitative research strategy and a survey research approach were adopted in the study. By distributing a questionnaire to the chosen respondents, a survey took place out. The survey's targeted members were identified using a convenience and random sampling method, and after 283 questionnaires were issued, 244 were collected. Using the SPSS Version 23 program e, descriptive, correlational, and regression analyses took place on the data acquired. The correlation analysis result showed that including Intrinsic Motivation, Competence and Workload significance relationship while Training has insignificant relationship with employee performance. Finally, the researcher made an effort to offer insights and future study directions based on the findings.
Determinants of Foreign Exchange Reserve in Ethiopia: A Time Series Analysis
(A,A.U., 2023-06-02) Merwa Abdulkader; Asres Abitie (PhD)
Using time series data, this paper sought to investigate the factors that affect Ethiopia's foreign exchange reserves. Secondary data on variables such real effective exchange rate, current account balance, debt service, loans to the private sector, Real GDP, and growth rates of price regressed on foreign currency reserves were used in the study, which covering the time frame of 1987 to 2022. The data collected from the National Bank of Ethiopia were used in this study using an ARDL model. Based on the findings, the REER, inflation, and real GDP all play a substantial and favorable role in determining Ethiopia's foreign currency reserves. In contrast, Ethiopia's foreign exchange reserves are significantly and adversely impacted by the debt service. Therefore, this analysis suggests that the government of Ethiopia should keep its external borrowing to a minimum in order to lower debt servicing costs, boost domestic economic growth, encourage the appreciation of the birr, and improve current account balance through exports in order to increase foreign exchange reserves
The Impact of Marketing Strategy on the Organizational Performance in Case of Ethiopian Banks
(A.A.U, 2023-06-02) Yalewayker Mazengiaw; Tewodros Wuhib (Asst Prof)
This research aimed to investigate the impact of marketing strategies on the performance of Ethiopian banks. The researcher used both descriptive and explanatory research designs to explain the relationship between marketing mix strategies and the performance of Ethiopian banks. The sample size of 147 employees from all main branches of Ethiopian commercial banks was determined using the census method. The data sources include primary and secondary data. A structured close-ended questionnaire with a five-point Likert scale is used to gather data. The data is analyzed using statistical software, and the results will be presented through tables, graphs, and charts. The study collected demographic data from respondents and analyzed their characteristics to gain insights into how they may influence the study's findings. Based on the responses, and the product and promotion were rated positively, while the price, place, and performance received lower ratings, with some variation in responses for specific aspects. Regression analysis was conducted, and the F-value of 25.519 and a significance level of .000 indicated that the predictors collectively have a significant impact on the overall Performance. The standardized coefficients (Beta) revealed that Promotion and Product were the most important predictors of Performance. The study tested four hypotheses related to the effects of product, price, place, and promotion on performance. The results showed that product and price have significant effects on market performance, while the place had an insignificant effect. The promotion was found to have a significant effect on performance. The R Square value of 0.438 indicated that approximately 44% of the variance in the outcome variable is explained by the predictors in the model. Pearson correlation coefficients and significance levels were used to test for collinearity among predictor variables, and all of the predictor variables had tolerance values greater than 0.1, indicating no significant collinearity among them. Furthermore, all of the VIF values were less than 10, which is a positive sign. In conclusion, this study revealed that not all market strategy dimensions have a positive effect on market performance. Product and promotion were found to have a significant positive effect on performance. Price and location had a positive but insignificant effect on performance. These findings have important implications for Ethiopian banks looking to improve their marketing strategies and overall performance.

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