Regional and Local Development Studies

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    Analysis of Humanitarian Assistance Interventions in Droughtprone Areas of Waghimra Zone of Amhara Regional State from Rights-based Approach: The Case of Sekota Woreda
    (Addis Ababa University, 2021-04) Bekele, Ayenew; Hadaro, Filmon PhD
    Humanitarian assistance has been pervasive throughout response and recovery actions to various disasters in human history, yet the modern concept of humanitarian assistance has only emerged since 20th century. Humanitarian practitioners and organizations are seeking effective and efficient means of minimizing the tremendous losses suffered from disaster strikes. On the basis of the shift over the quest for effective means of humanitarian assistance interventions, this study is aimed to analyze humanitarian assistance interventions from right based approach and taking as a case study of Sekota Woreda. The case study was selected because of the continuity of humanitarian assistance interventions for the last several decades; yet still drought prone area seeking for effective and efficient approach to creating resilience to unfolding disasters. A quantitative and qualitative research approach was largely employed to triangulate the findings. Primary data were collected from a sample of 250 households which were selected using probability sampling. The quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. The quantitative data sets were computed using STATA12. Qualitative data were collected using a guideline from KII and FGD via interviews and focused discussions. The qualitative data was grouped into thematic categories and patterns that resemble right-based approach were analyzed to triangulate the quantitative and secondary content data sets. The secondary data were collected from reports, published and unpublished material available via document research checklist and a content analysis was employed. The main findings of the study were (1) Causes of food insecurity in Sekota Woreda: The recurrent drought (shortage of rainfall), soil degradation, hailstorm and shortage of arable land aggravated were found to be the causes of household food insecurity; 2) Determinants of Food Insecurity in Sekota Woreda: the binary logistic regression model showed the significance of the independent over the dependent variables and thus analyzed as determinants of household food insecurity in Sekota Woreda. Accordingly, sex of the household head, drought frequency, participation in humanitarian programming process, transparency of the programme to beneficiaries, timeline of the assistance, package of the assistance and linkage with development were the significant variables in terms of affecting the household food insecurity status. The above two key findings were analyzed in the framework of rights-based approach and the results has found that the humanitarian assistance interventions that were carried out in the study for several decades have been operated without consideration of basic right based approach principles. In this regard, the interventions did give little consideration to participation, transparency, accountability and empowerment principles in practice though the rhetoric is evident in the intervention plan documents. The study concluded with the recommendations that interventions in humanitarian assistance settings which aimed at adaptation to climate resilience of the affected community have to involve in all phases of humanitarian programming and outcome evaluations.
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    Analysis of Malt Barley Value Chain Finance: A Case of Lemu Bilbilo District, Arsi Zone.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2022-12) Jemal Abdo; MuluAdam Alemu (PhD)
    Ethiopia is the second largest barley producer in Africa next to Morocco. Financial constraints in agriculture specifically in malt barley value chain remains outward and agricultural finance are costly and inequitably distributed, limiting producers’ ability to use quality input, use machinery to produce more. The purpose of the study was to analyze malt barley value chain and determinants of malt barley value chain finance. To comprehend the objectives, data were collected from both primary and secondary data sources. Data analyzed by descriptive statistics and econometric analysis. Binary Logistic Regression model was used to analyze the determinants of malt barley value chain finance. The study revealed that, major actors in supply function of Malt Barley value chain in the study area are; Galema Union, Ethiopia Seed Enterprise, Oromia Seed Enterprises, Heineken, Soufflét malting plc, Buusaa Gonofaa MFI S. Co, Asella Malting factory, Farmer service center. Smallholder farmers, Commercial farmers, Seed producer cooperatives are major actors in production function. Respondent’s access to finance for inputs was only 40% cost of production needed per hectare of land. About 36% of respondents responded that religious probation (riba) was a major reason hindering farmers to take a loan, followed by 26% and 20% Lack of guaranty/physical collateral and respondents do not know where to take a loan from, respectively. The estimated odds' ratio of respondents gender, Education level 0.157and 2.22 respectively have positive effect whereas that of access to financial service and average productivity per hectare of land with 0.948 and 1.071 p-value respectively has negative effect on access to malt barley value chain finance. Microfinances, rural financial Institute involved in financing malt barley producers shall practice value chain finance approach than disbursing only cash to producers, adopting input finance, warehouse finance and facilitating market linkage. Rural financing institutions or Microfinance Association shall work on improving farmer’s financial literacy, easing credit collateral requirements for agricultural and agricultural output trade loans.
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    Analysis of the Performance of Exports and Competitive Advantage for Growth and Development in Ethiopa: The Case of Sesame Seed
    (Addis Ababa University, 2021-11) Masresha Yimer; Andualem Goshu (PhD)
    Based on the general objective of the research to describe and analyze the sesame seeds production, comparative advantage and export trade performance, competitiveness and export potentials of Ethiopia, from the perspective of the global and African regional levels, the study addressed four specific objectives, covering the period 1970 to 2018, by using market share, growth rate and related trade performance indicators, RCA and RSCA, export and import geographic concentration ratios analysis, econometric analysis using the ARDL model, and also carried out assessment of sesame seed export potential by utilizing UNCTAD export potential and gap methodology. For the ARDL econometric model post estimation diagnostic tests were also carried out. Africa’s share of world sesame seed export volume is about 65.5%, the leading exporters and their global export volume share are: Sudan (21.8%), Ethiopia (11.4%), followed by Nigeria (10.6%). Ethiopia’s RCA and RSCA have been higher though showing declines recently. Ethiopia’s leading export destination (61.9%) is China (also the world number one importer) and 20.4% to Israel (the world 6th importer of sesame seed). Ethiopia’s export concentration ratio was a high of 0.33, higher than the global average of 0.11; while the importer’s concentration ratio of the leading importing country, China, was 0.18, indicative of higher number of supplying countries, and implying higher competition in exporting to China. The ARDL econometric model analysis revealed that in both the short run and the long run, EXVAL (sesame export value) and EXVOL (sesame export volume) are affected statistically significantly by GDPeth (positively), REER (negatively), IMPDD (negatively). On elasticity results, both equation 1 (EXVAL) and equation 2 (EXVOL) are highly elastic to three of the four independent variables, namely, GDPeth, REER and IMPDD, both in the short and long run. Regarding Pairwise Granger Causality Test results, while both EXVAL and EXVOL does granger cause GDPeth, reinforcing the importance of export development as engine of economic growth, EXPPPRATIO granger cause EXVAL as well as EXVOL. Besides, EXVAL as well as EXVOL have bi directional causality with REER. Regarding the export potentials, Ethiopia has huge untapped export potential in sesame seeds, with current export to total world potential percentage share at 32.7% - an export untapped potential of 67.3%. Finally, towards maintaining and improving the comparative advantage & boosting the competitiveness of sesame seeds export, the study recommends: expanding sesame seed of production; improving product quality and value additions and the domestic marketing system (including ECX trading system); pursuing export market and product development and diversification; streamlining trade logistical and other domestic cost push factors; addressing the misalignment in exchange rate and the appreciating REER; developing and maintaining highly professional exporter companies, by implementing the identified respective strategies for action.
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    Analysis of the Performance of Exports and Competitive Advantage for Growth and Development in Ethiopia: The Case of Sesame Seed
    (Addis Ababa University, 2021-11) Yimer, Masresha; Goshu, Andualem PhD
    Based on the general objective of the research to describe and analyze the sesame seeds production, comparative advantage and export trade performance, competitiveness and export potentials of Ethiopia, from the perspective of the global and African regional levels, the study addressed four specific objectives, covering the period 1970 to 2018, by using market share, growth rate and related trade performance indicators, RCA and RSCA, export and import geographic concentration ratios analysis, econometric analysis using the ARDL model, and also carried out assessment of sesame seed export potential by utilizing UNCTAD export potential and gap methodology. For the ARDL econometric model post estimation diagnostic tests were also carried out. Africa’s share of world sesame seed export volume is about 65.5%, the leading exporters and their global export volume share are: Sudan (21.8%), Ethiopia (11.4%), followed by Nigeria (10.6%). Ethiopia’s RCA and RSCA have been higher though showing declines recently. Ethiopia’s leading export destination (61.9%) is China (also the world number one importer) and 20.4% to Israel (the world 6th importer of sesame seed). Ethiopia’s export concentration ratio was a high of 0.33, higher than the global average of 0.11; while the importer’s concentration ratio of the leading importing country, China, was 0.18, indicative of higher number of supplying countries, and implying higher competition in exporting to China. The ARDL econometric model analysis revealed that in both the short run and the long run, EXVAL (sesame export value) and EXVOL (sesame export volume) are affected statistically significantly by GDPeth (positively), REER (negatively), IMPDD (negatively). On elasticity results, both equation 1 (EXVAL) and equation 2 (EXVOL) are highly elastic to three of the four independent variables, namely, GDPeth, REER and IMPDD, both in the short and long run. Regarding Pairwise Granger Causality Test results, while both EXVAL and EXVOL does granger cause GDPeth, reinforcing the importance of export development as engine of economic growth, EXPPPRATIO granger cause EXVAL as well as EXVOL. Besides, EXVAL as well as EXVOL have bi directional causality with REER. Regarding the export potentials, Ethiopia has huge untapped export potential in sesame seeds, with current export to total world potential percentage share at 32.7% - an export untapped potential of 67.3%. Finally, towards maintaining and improving the comparative advantage & boosting the competitiveness of sesame seeds export, the study recommends: expanding sesame seed of production; improving product quality and value additions and the domestic marketing system (including ECX trading system); pursuing export market and product development and diversification; streamlining trade logistical and other domestic cost push factors; addressing the misalignment in exchange rate and the appreciating REER; developing and maintaining highly professional exporter companies, by implementing the identified respective strategies for action
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    Analysis of Urban Livelihoods Strategies of Female headed Households: The Case Of Bishoftu Town Oromia Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2019-06) Negash, Wondimu; Gudeta PhD, Kumela
    Livelihood strategies are at the center of development. In the context of rapid urbanization, understanding the urban livelihood strategies plays paramount role for the policy and practice arena. Accordingly, this study was conducted to analyze urban livelihood strategies of female-headed households. Purposive sampling was used to select 90 sample female headed households. The Primary data were collected from purposively selected household using household survey, FDGs, KII and using six questions as a theme in the extended livelihood framework for analysis too. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics to analyze the quantitative data. The finding of the survey result indicates that much of the female-headed households (56.7%) in the town practice diversified livelihood strategies that combined on-farm activities with non-farm activities in the town. Therefore diverse livelihood options are available and thus, female - headed households pursue diverse range of activities. The chi-square tests were used to explore livelihood asset functions in the form of extended livelihood framework. The association between dummy and explanatory variable: diversification as means of survival dominated urban farm and nonfarm femaleheaded households pursue as livelihood strategy which was in turn determined by age of household, income of household, educational status, land access, credit access and own house. Institutional support and human capital should be given priority to enhance the livelihood of the female headed households. The study suggested that p Policy-makers need to work to promote livelihood diversification in the form of specialization in order to enhance capital accumulation and to minimize vulnerability of the female urban poor.
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    Aspects of Decentralization Practices in Sidama Zone of the SNNP Regional State: A focus 011 Dale and Bensa Weredas.
    (2000) Tassew, Bereket; G/Egziabher, Tegegne (PhD)
    Sillce 1992, Ethiopia has embarked on extensive decentralization and regions have been givell extensive decision making power and responsibilities in administering their respective regions. J-/mv ever, if we understand decentralization as making governance closer 10 people and strengthening local/ wereda government little is done at wereda level. The silualioll in Sidama zone indicates that local government officials have no clear idea as 10 what belongs to Ihe wereda and what belongs to the higher level. The weredas have /illle or 110 aulollomy 10 plan and make decisions and no sources of revenue, which could be used, for local development activities. Moreover, they are highly dependent on zone for recurrent budget and the capital budget does not flow to wereda level. Regarding service delivery, although considerable expansion is witnessed, due to lack of standard and Cjuality problems most of the health posts and health centers could not be used for illlended purpose. Moreover, lillle allention was given to recurrent cost of the institutions lind I71QJljJ0l
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    Assessing the Effectiveness of Phone-Based Digital Agricultural Extension and Advisory in Ethiopia: Evidence from Expert Service Providers
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-06) Messay Sintayehu; Kumela Gudeta (PhD)
    The effectiveness of phone-based digital agricultural extension and advisory services (PBDAEAS) in Ethiopia is a critical factor in enhancing agricultural productivity and livelihoods, given the sector's substantial contribution to the country's GDP and population's livelihood. Despite significant investments in traditional agricultural extension services, challenges persist, highlighting a gap in the understanding and utilization of digital solutions. This study investigates the PBDAEAS effectiveness, focusing on expert service providers to fill this research gap. The study was conducted in Ethiopia, a country where agriculture is the mainstay of the economy and where digital transformation in agriculture is still in its nascent stages. The study followed a quantitative research approach and a descriptive research design. A structured survey questionnaire was used to measure experts’ perspectives of PBDAEAS effectiveness as explained by the variables cost, time, customization, and utilization. A census survey was used targeting 330 experts working in the digital agricultural extension and advisory services and based in Addis Ababa city, Sidama regional state, and Oromia regional state. The collected data were analyzed quantitatively using Descriptive Statistics and Relative Importance Index technique. The findings indicate that PBDAEAS is effective in several key areas. It is a low-cost means to disseminate standardized information to smallholder farmers, and it can timely deliver seasonal agriculture information to farmers. In addition, PBDAEAS facilitates better two-way communication with farmers and is easy for farmers to access agricultural information and advice. The study's implications are significant for policymakers and stakeholders in the agricultural sector. It recommends increased investment in PBDAEAS by the government and other key stakeholders to boost agricultural productivity and improve the livelihoods of smallholder farmers.
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    Assessing the Practice and Challenges of Local Land Governance in Raya Kobo Woreda of Amhara Region, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2019-06) Amare, Moges; Amsalu PhD, Aklilu
    This is a thesis on local land governance conducted in Raya Kobo Woreda which is found in North Wollo Zone of Amhara Region, Ethiopia. The study has tried to investigate to what extent Woreda level land administration system meets good governance principles, assess how Woreda land office implements the existing land laws, and explore dispute settlement mechanisms employed thereof. The study has deployed descriptive and explanatory case study research types; the exploratory one helps to examine in detail the unique features of the study area’s land governance system while the descriptive research enables to describe the existing condition as it is in its natural setting. A qualitative research approach, particularly, case study approach has been employed. Secondary data was collected from governance and land governance related literature and previous empirical studies, and primary data from local land holders, land officers, judges, local employees, and managers of two local institutions using data collection tools such as open ended and a semi structured questionnaire, semi structured interview, and FGD. The collected data is analyzed and presented using tables, figures, and narration. Thus, the findings reveal land administration system of local institutions fails to meet good governance objectives or principles. Land measurement, accession, registration, and recording lacks transparency, involves bias, and violation of statutory land laws. Widespread displacement with no or little compensation for lost land, illegal land market or informal land selling, illegal construction, bribery, weak judiciary, and unlawful involvement of local politicians in the sector, cause land tenure insecurity in the area. Furthermore, there is limited knowledge and enforcement of land laws; land laws are less accessible to land holders, no significant training is given on such laws, land authorities and officers failed to execute such laws fairly, consistently, objectively, impartially, and in accountable manner. Court dispute settlement involves many defects; biased judgments favoving one side, unclear judgments, judgments not duly supported by evidence, corruption, workload, lack of capacity, intentional violation of procedural and substantive laws, lack of judicial independence, not following service standards stringently, are all common phenomenon in the area. Some intervention mechanisms are also highlighted in line with the gaps identified. Key Words: Land, Governance, land administration, Land tenure and, land laws and policies
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    Assessing the Role of Goal 17 in Implementing the SDGs in Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2021-11) Mamo, Solomon; Aklilu Amsalu PhD, Aklilu Amsalu PhD
    This study assesses the contributions of Goal 17-Global Partnership to the implementation of the SDGs in Ethiopia and analyzes their impacts on the country‟s overall development. A qualitative research methodology is used in the course of collecting and analyzing data by employing both primary and secondary sources as a method of data collection. Key informant interviews with policymakers, implementers (relevant government officers), and various institutions yielded primary data. The findings of the study have shown that global partnerships play a critical role in ensuring the development goals that Ethiopia is set to achieve by 2030. To start with, Ethiopia‟s development partners play an important role in providing funding for poverty reduction. Next, in Ethiopia, the availability of sound policies and a favorable environment plays a critical role in laying the groundwork for development initiatives and goals. In this regard, the constitution encourages collaborative development that complements global and regional development goals. Likewise, global cooperation assists development in Ethiopia in the establishment of a single plan and reporting system by reducing the proliferation and duplication of efforts in project implementation. Furthermore, as a driving engine for the SD, Ethiopia has been focusing on domestic resource mobilization as a means to support rapid economic growth, which plays a pivotal role in fueling the economy and ensuring the long-term sustainability of growth. Finally, last but not least, to achieve the SDGs in Ethiopia, there are gaps in global coordination structures and stakeholder interactions that are very poor and not adequately devolved to the local government level. Therefore, achieving SDGs in Ethiopia in cooperation with global partners is significant to improving the country‟s competitiveness in the global market. Similarly, increase the rate of project implementation and resource utilization to encourage development partners. Also, promote regional blocks to reduce trade barriers and to integrate into regional and global value chains. Furthermore, to strengthen national unity, guarantee policy independence, and the right to use natural resources for development. Finally, active diplomatic engagement for the delivery of committed finance and to ease debt repayment obligations is also important.
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    Assessment of Challenge and Prospect of School Feeding in the Government Primary School of Addis Ababa: the case of Kirkos Sub-city
    (Addis Ababa University, 2019-06) Abuhay, Almaz; Gudeta PhD, Kumela
    This study was conducted in Kirkos sub city in three schools, namely Beherawi, Felege Yordanos and Temenja Yazi Primary Schools. To conduct this study Key informant interview, FGD, personal observations were held and questionnaire (for stakeholders) were distributed to collect data. In these schools, before the first official school feeding was started by Yeenat Weg, there was a fragmented school feeding by individuals, teachers and NGOs and community with small coverage. After the SFP started, students in sever condition were selected and start eating. In the 2018/19 academic year the government of Addis Ababa has started school feeding in all Addis Ababa government Primary Schools. This SFP some mitigate hunger in children who were coming to school with empty lunch box and stomach. Now, most students reported improbable to feed at school. The food is prepared based on the menu which is prepared by Addis Ababa City Administration Education Bureau. The food is enough to fill the children’s stomach. Although the type of food which children’s eat varies from Monday to Friday, it does not include food such as milk, fruit and other nutritional foods. Unregistered Students as beneficiary go to the feeding place to ask for food and the feeders give food without stigma. Beneficiary students do not have different feelings. Most of the time students eat by sharing. From the findings, many challenges were stated like lack of awareness in particular by the private sector, financial constraints, the allocation of money to feed one child does not consider the current market situation, physical capital : unavailability of feeding materials, feeding hall, electric power cut-off, lack of water, policy related challenges: no clear policy about administration of tax and payments for the poor women cookers, the participation of stakeholders is insignificant compared with the need of needy students. Feeder women recruitment is not clear. Especially the government sponsored SF started spontaneously without adequate plan and preparation. Even though there are many threats that hinder school feeding students are very happy, they do not have hesitation for the termination of SF. Concerning the body that run the school feeding the collaboration of all stakeholders are necessary since SF is costly and the management process of SF is also very difficult. Respondents also said that SF can develop dependency unless it is deployed with great care. School feeding needs the collaboration of all stakeholders, and clear policy. So well designed policy should be in place with the integration of higher education institutions. SF also lack promotional work. The MoE should coordinate with other stakeholders to achieve the intended result in the education and nutrition sectors.
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    Assessment of Community Development Practices: The Role of “Kale Heywot” Church Development Program in Selected Project Areas of “Gamo Goffa” Zones, Southern Nations, Nationalities And People Region
    (Addis Ababa University, 2018-06) Yaekob, Tadele; Belay, Hailu (PhD)
    Despite the above efforts that have been made, experiences of KHCSWZDP in relation to genuine community participation, implementation process, decision making, project sustainability and partnership with other development actors are still under question. In addition in respect of EKHC the perception of local community was not fully grasped. Moreover, socio-economic benefits of its project are still under question. So, this study was believed to bridge the gap through focusing on assessing the role of the “Kale Heywot” Church Development program in terms of community participation and projects sustainability for target groups in South West Zone of “Gamo Goffa” zone. This research followed mixed-methods descriptive-design approach. Accordingly, observations, In-depth interview, focus group discussions and structured and semi-structured questionnaires were used to gather information. The findings have shown that the “Kale Heywot” church of south-west zone development program has played a significant role in terms of community development. Moreover, its development approach is responsive to local needs and able to mobilize resources to support the poor, so that through empowerment and participation they will be released from the deprivation trap that they find themselves. The study also reveals that the KHCSWZDP has good linkages and network with other communities and partners. However, the study indicated that the intensity of community participation in decision-making is still low in certain cases. Meanwhile, the beneficiaries did not show a clear understanding of aspects such as project ownership. Finally, this study recommends that community participation should be maintained because it is the core activity contributing to beneficiary’s employment and grassroots institutional empowerment and an essential ingredient for sustainability of any development initiatives. Key words: KHCSWZ and KHC SWZDP
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    Assessment of Customer Satisfaction in Urban Land Related Service Delivery: The Case of Burayu Town
    (Addis Ababa University, 2019-06) Negesse, Dereje; Hadaro PhD, Filmon
    This study assessed customer satisfaction in urban land related service delivery in Burayu town, Addis Ababa Surrounding Oromia Special Zone, Oromia National, Regional State Government, basing five determinants of quality service delivery in land administration developed by World Bank which includes Institutional, Technical, Administrative And Legal factors. The study design was a descriptive case study. Data was collected from primary and secondary sources. Primary data were obtained through questionnaires, interviews, and researcher observation. The study also used journals, articles, research findings, policy documents as secondary sources. Data was analyzed through statistical software, percentage and frequency tables. This study found that, absence of information on procedure of getting service, low coordination between work process, long waiting time to receive service, absence of efficient skilled manpower, material and financial resources, low awareness on land policy, complaint is not addressed properly, citizen charter is not fully practiced, rent seeking behavior and practice and absence of decentralized land service delivery as a major challenge. Solving the problems of required manpower, material and financial resources, fully automating the land service delivery, giving continues awareness on land related policy, fully practicing good governance principles, fully functioning complaint handling mechanism, giving awareness on citizen charter and decentralizing land related services at kebele or sub city level are stated as a recommendation.
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    Assessment of E-Service Practice and Quality from Users’ Perspectives in the Case of E-Service Platform, the Eservice.gov.et of Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2022-02-05) Robson Zelalem; Filmon Hadaro (PhD)
    This research was conducted with a key objective of assessing and analyzing the e-service quality and practices and evaluating the change e-service has brought about on public service delivery from the evidence of selected federal organizations on e-service delivered @eservices.gov.et. To that end, the study employed a mixed research approach with sequential exploratory and concurrent triangulation research design. It began with collecting qualitative data gathered through four different observations accompanied by unstructured interviews with two key informants to explore the eservice practices followed by unrepresentative survey data collected from fifty users on their perception of the e-service quality based on the adopted D&M IS success model as well as validated on-site. Qualitative findings have revealed that apart from problems related to language and code acquisition the system is showing relative success for the selected organizations. This in another way has been manifested in the quantitative findings which have revealed that all the six variables were quite successful and validated the qualitative finding with relatively lesser results scored on components of information quality (86% completeness, 76% up to date and 92% comprehensibility) and system quality (usability 68%, adaptability 72%, availability scored 80% positive). While time factor, security concerns and convenience generally influence e-service usage, yet in the case of this research security concern was not a point of concern for the users. Adaptability, language barriers and non-automation of back-office processes were identified to be the major problems with the e-service system. Furthermore, the e-service practice showed that the system is only translating the paper process to electronic public service delivery and hence no automation per se of the back office process falling short of transformation. This implies that the eservice system did not achieve the vision of transforming public service delivery as envisaged in the e-government strategic plan 2020 in its current state. Based on this the research recommends among other things; the need for additional language on the portal, careful strategy to phase-out paper version, a body with clear mandate, responsibility, and diligence to coordinate and facilitate integration and interoperability of the e-services and more investment on key ICT infrastructures. Finally, future areas of study considering the context and realities of Ethiopia have been suggested.
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    Assessment of Employability of TVET graduates: the case of graduates of two TVET Colleges in Addis Ababa
    (Addis Ababa University, 2022-05) Samuel Atalel; Kumela Gudeta (PhD)
    The objective of this study was to assess the employment status of TVET graduates in Addis Ababa and how the employers see the strengths and weaknesses on the program in terms of Knowledge, Skill and Attitude. Education in general and TVET education specifically, is one of the pathways towards a better urban decent life that encompasses the acquisition of important tools and competencies to demonstrate in the world of work. For many years, the role played by TVET has been overlooked due to mainly attitudinal and design of the system. Nowadays it‟s becoming more of related with development agenda comprised with employment opportunity, livelihood improvement and source of manufacturing industries. A sample of 257 graduates, 28 employing companies, 15 trainers‟ and 4 key informants were taken for the study. Primary data was collected by questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. Entoto and Misrak Polytechnic Colleges are the prominent TVET institutes in Addis Ababa and in Ethiopia at large. They have the highest enrollment and graduating centers with frequent work relationships with employers/industries. Qualitative and quantitative methods of analysis were used in this study. The interview responses obtained from the management bodies and interviews were analyzed qualitatively. Quantitative data collected was analyzed using SPSS expressed in frequencies and percentages and presented using tables and figures. According to the findings of this study 68.5% got employed mainly by private companies (48%). Also 70% of graduates employed in private sector followed by the government (14.8%). With 60% of employers are on the sector of manufacturing sector over 60% of them got knowledge, skill and attitude of graduates above good and very good. Also the research indicated that there are no huge gaps in those areas, the result of the study point out that the skills delivered by the colleges are not essentially and expectation based on the standard of the employers. 46.4% and 28.6% of employers believe that the competency of graduates is satisfactory and very satisfactory. But there are also 21.4% of companies who believe their competency is unsatisfactory. This creates, employers indicated, another resource wastage incurred by the employers to make graduates „complete‟. Also the study indicates that the core competency of trainee‟s is initially questioned during the cooperative training or internship period by which the trainees get more practical training inside the industries.
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    Assessment of land delivery system for residential housing in Tigray Region: The case of Shire Endasilase Town
    (Addis Ababa University, 2019-06) Tkue, Luel; Semmu, Girma
    This study is an attempt to assess the existing urban land delivery system for residential housing in Shire Endeslasie Town. There was no prior study on the practice of urban land delivery system for residential housing in the Town. This is a motivation to carry out the study. This study utilizes descriptive survey research method using both primary and secondary data where probability and non-probability sampling were used. Based on this, 375 samples of respondents were selected systematically and 20 were selected judgmentally. The data was collected using questionnaire, interview, observation and document review. The study observed that the performance of the town in land allocation for residential housing development through different modalities such as lease, allotment and cooperative were poor. Beside this, there is a popular belief and reality that current urban land policy and laws have been benefiting the rich rather than the poor. Bureaucratic tendencies, inadequate amount of serviced land, shortage of work force, inadequate and distorted urban land information system are factors affecting land delivery system for residential housing development. As a result of this gap of demand and supply the town dwellers faced residential and rental housing problems
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    Assessment of Local Economic Development Practice in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: The Case of Arada Sub City Administration
    (Addis Ababa University, 2023-06-10) Beneber Teshome; Migbaru Alamirew (PhD)
    In Ethiopia Local economic development is adopted by the Federal Government and now applied in local areas with the intention of intensive participation of local communities. The objective of this study was to assess LED implementation practices of the Arada sub-city Administration. The study used descriptive survey design and the study relies on the data gathered from primary and secondary sources. The primary data collected for this study were from 156 sample respondents from 8 woredas of Arada sub city. The secondary data were obtained from existing literature and a review of relevant LED-related documents including policies, plans, and reports. The current status of the study area's LED practice is considered good and promising. The study shows that the benefits resulting from LED implementation include improve social, economic, and public infrastructure development, enhance business diversification, enhance better local resource mobilization, improve information flow between business developers, investors, and controllers, and to measure the performance results. The main identified challenges of LED practice in the study area include lack of good governance; high level of corruption, bureaucracy, and irregular practice, Lack of business enabling environments such as limited economic resource and unstable political and economic condition of the country. The study finding implies that a Local government should provide training to the identified potential local actors to accelerate LED implementation and maximize the benefit gained from the programs. Finally, it is suggested that to enhance LED implementation, both researchers and policymakers should target testing the performance of the implementers and controllers.
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    An Assessment of Local Government Service Delivery: The Case Of Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation in Burayu City
    (Addis Ababa University, 2018-06) Leta, Girma; Gebre-Egziabher, Tegegne (Professor)
    The estimated water service level of Ethiopia in terms of coverage, quantity, quality, and reliability is among the lowest in the world. Sanitation facilities are also in worst condition. Due to unreliability of safe and inassailability of safe and sufficient water supply and adequate sanitation facilities the estimated service level could be in much less situation. These combine effect of the poor water supply and sanitation facilities in the country have high impact on the economic development of the country and the living condition of the towns‘ communities (OWRMB, 2010). This study was conducted to assess the existing water supply and sanitation service delivery of Burayu city, Oromiya National Regional State, Ethiopia. To achieve the objective of the study, a total of 350 household heads were randomly selected and interviewed by using a semi structured questionnaire. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected through questionnaire, personal observation, and key informant interviews. In addition, different documents from secondary sources were reviewed. The collected data were analyzed using a descriptive statistics. The survey result revealed that the city water supply cannot fulfill consumer demand for water. Only 60% of the population have a water supply service from the city administration. Inadequate water source, electric power supply problem, lack of institutional capacity and budget shortage are the basic factors for this imbalance. In line with this, the most frequent complains by water customers were regular interruption of water supply, ill hospitability of the office and unfair water distribution. The collected data also showed that there is prolonged water shortage in two kebeles (Leku Keta and Gefersa Nono) of the city. Consequently, in order to narrow the supply and demand gap, expansion of water supply services that match with the town development must be carried out, the city water supply and sewerage service enterprise should devise a mechanism (such as increase production, using modern technology, using alternative power generation) so as to assure the equitable distribution of water among the residents and the concerned stakeholders (Ethiopian electric power authority, the city administration, NGOs) should discharge their respective responsibilities properly. Key words: local governance, service delivery, water supply, sanitation, Burayu city
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    Assessment of Patient’s Satisfaction and Associated Factors - In one Stop Centers, Located at Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, during 2022
    (Addis Ababa University, 2022-12) Rewina Gebremedhin; Andualem Goshu (PhD)
    This research investigates the satisfaction level (along with the related factors) of survivors coming to three One Stop Center’s located in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia during the year 2022. These three OSCs namely are Gandhi Memorial Hospital OSC, Menelik Hospital OSC, and Tirunesh Beijing hospital OSC. Primary data was gathered from randomly chosen 90 patients that visited the OSCs. A pretested, structured questionnaire that was administered by an interviewer was used to gather the data. To deepen comprehension and triangulate the quantitative data, qualitative interviews were also used. The data were described using descriptive statistics, and relationships between dependent and independent factors were identified using logistic regression. P values below 0.1 were regarded as significant. Result and conclusion from both the qualitative and quantitative data are presented. Overall, around 80% of the survivors stated that they were either satisfied or very satisfied. Financial aspects and accessibility of the care were significantly related with overall satisfaction of the patients. The result of this study provides preliminary evidence that OSCs are giving a good service. With accessibility of care and financial confidence as factors that contribute to increased patient satisfaction. Major challenges spotted on this study that hiders the OSC's ability to deliver high-quality services include lack of a forensic team lack of medications and lab reagents, lack of a support group for the survivors, inadequate training, certain staff/sectors not working 24 hours, and lack of cash support for various emergency needs. In general, the OSCs in Addis Ababa are providing a good service and would be excellent if they address the gaps mentioned above.
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    Assessment of Private Domestic Investment Challenges and Prospects in the Service Sector in Addis Ababa Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-02) Buraka Tujuba; Andualem Goshu (PhD)
    This study aimed to examine the landscape of domestic private investment in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, by focusing on the challenges and Prospects. The study used mixed study design. The data was collected from 298 investors operating in Addis Ababa. Among the significant challenges were issues related to macroeconomic stability, with concerns over access to foreign currency and fluctuations in exchange rates standing out prominently. The dominance of micro and small enterprises in certain sectors such as transport, waste management, and media were noted, contrasting with larger firms' prevalence in the real estate, health, and hospitality industries. High loan costs posed another substantial obstacle, alongside challenges stemming from inflation, an unreliable electricity supply, and contraband activities. While taxation and corruption were perceived as manageable, policy uncertainty and political instability emerged as growing concerns. Despite these challenges, key service industries like finance, education, and ICT were identified as holding potential for private investment, albeit with access barriers. Moreover, Prospects for expansion in credit extension and insurance were noted, albeit modestly. The quality of public infrastructure, particularly in power, water, and telecom reliability, was deemed in need of improvement. Workforce gaps, especially in skilled labour availability and raw material access, were also highlighted. Challenges in Addis Ababa's investment landscape include macroeconomic instability, high loan costs, and infrastructure deficiencies, while Prospects lie in key service sectors like finance, education, and ICT. Addressing these challenges and capitalizing on Prospects requires stabilizing the macroeconomic environment through comprehensive reforms and targeted initiatives across strategic sectors to foster a conducive ecosystem for inclusive growth and job creation.
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    An Assessment of Refugee Policy and Its Implementation; Actors’ Perceptions
    (Addis Ababa University, 2020-10) Tariku, Lidiya; Gudeta PhD, Kumela
    This study explored major driving factors for the recent Ethiopian Refugee Proclamation from actors‟ point of view; the impact and implication of the CRRF approach and New Ethiopian Refugee Proclamation (1110/2019) on refugees and regional integration specifically on Horn of Africa; opportunities for the effective implementation of CRRF Approach and New Ethiopian refugee Proclamation and barriers/challenges for the smooth implementation of CRRF based the Ethiopian Refugee Proclamation. Parallel to the common secondary sources, the study used office purpose reports, unpublished articles and the recent New Ethiopian refugee proclamation directives. In this study; The Primary data was gathered through survey from urban refugees from six nationality (Eritrean, Somali, South Sudan, Sudan, Yemen and Congo), key informant interviews and focus group discussions were also employed to gather qualitative data. To this end, the study used purposive sampling technique for collecting data. From the findings, influx of refugee, protracted refugee situations, western countries influence, the country‟s refugee hosting history, and development plans are driving factors for the reenactment of the new Ethiopian refugee proclamation (1110/2019). The most significant changes that have been shown progress in implementation of CRRF in Ethiopia are civil documentation, education as well as social and basic services. Even though some of the refugee rights are significant change by themselves, they have shown delay on the implementation like access to work and opportunities for local integration. Moreover, in the finding, continental unity, Economic growth, and socio-cultural integration among the refugees and the local community are presented as the implication of the new Ethiopian refugee proclamation on the regional integration. Political instability of the country, worldwide pandemic, the continuous influx of refugee, inexistence of the country‟s own big refugee policy officially, lack of a strong coordination and monitoring, lack of awareness creation, and shortage of funding are mentioned as the main challenges of the smooth implementation of the proclamation and the CRRF approach., preparing the new coordination mechanism or strengthen the existing one, and rising awareness are some of the recommendations which were forwarded in the study