School of Medicine

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    30 Day Perioperative Outcome and Associated Factors For Morbidity and Mortality of Patients that Undergo Elective Surgical Intervention for Colonic Cancer in Tikur Anbesa and Zewditu Memorial Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Prospective Study
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-12-10) Adamzer Mulugeta; Abel Shiferaw
    Colorectal cancer remains a significant global health challenge, particularly in Ethiopia, where the incidence is rising. With this rise has come the increment of surgeries being done with curative intent with subsequent implications on morbidity and mortality of patients.
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    30 day’ Post-operative complicationsof Intracranial Meningioma Surgery
    (Addis Abeba University, 2020-01) Sileshi, Dagmawi; Kasahun, Azarias( MD, FCS (ECSA), Assistant professor)
    Background: Meningioma is the most common primary intracranial tumor. Even though different management options exist in modern medicine, surgery is still the only cure for this benign tumor. Surgical options are not without risk. Identifying and predicting the short-term complications in an Ethiopian setup might be useful in the decision-making process before surgery for our patients. This study uses a prospective design that aims to assess 30 days of posoperative complications of intracranial meningioma. Methods: Aprospective study that was conducted at TASH, ZMH & MCM hospital between November 1, 2019, and September 1, 2020. Assessment of postoperative complications was determined in-person using a standard questionnaire in both inpatient & outpatient setup. For the investigation, pathology & Intraoperative findings data were collected from medical charts, radiology, and pathology archives.Data were checked for completeness and quality control aftewhich, it was entered on SPSS version 21 for analysis using logistic regression. Results:A total of 77 patients were enrolled in the study. The mean age of the patients was 40.94 years. 71 (92%) patients presented with headache and 62 (80.5%) patients had one or more focal neurologic deficits. Tumor was classified based on location and size. 47 (61%) of the tumors were skull base tumors.The surgical mortality rate which was defined as death within one month was 9.1%. Among all patients, 37 (48.1%)had one or more postoperative complications of which new-onset or worsened focal deficit was the commonest. A significant association was seen between skull base tumors and postoperative complications in both bivariate and multivariate analyses witha p-value of 0.01 (OR=5.79, 95% CI: 2.061-16.312. Conclusion: Even though the complications and mortality rates were high, surgery led to symptom improvement in a large proportion of patients. Skull base meningioma, anesthesia time more than 5 hours, and blood loss more than 1000ml hada significant association with postoperative complications.
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    A Comparative Study on the Effectiveness of Ondansetron Versus Pethidine for Prevention of Post-Operative Shivering in Parturients Undergoing Elective Cesarean Section Under Spinal Anesthesia in Selected Governmental Hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A Prospective Cohort Study
    (Addis Ababa University, 2025-06-05) Kassahun Yimer; Adugna Aregawi
    Postoperative shivering is a common adverse of spinal anesthesia after a cesarean delivery, causing serious complications such as increased oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, and increased risk of myocardial ischemia. Pethidine is widely used for shivering prevention and treatment, but it has serious side effects. Ondansetron has been suggested in several studies to prevent shivering with minimal side effects, although there are limited studies and its effectiveness compared to pethidine remains controversial, particularly in cesarean section cases.
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    A cross sectional descriptive study on oral cancer awareness among patients that visited department of dentistry and oral and maxillofacial surgery unit at Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital , Addis Ababa University
    (Addis Ababa University, 2023-07) Abera,Feven; Garoma,Gelana(Ass.Prof. ,OMFS); Dejene,Demerew (Ass.Prof. ,OMFS)
    Background: Oral cancer is a malignant tumor that develops in a part of the mouth. It may be on the surface of the tongue, the inside of the cheeks, the roof of the mouth (palate), floor of mouth, the lips or gums. It is a preventable disease. Its occurrence is mostly due to lifestyle. Knowledge of the signs and symptoms of oral cancer may well aid in early diagnosis and treatment. This is bound to increase in survival rate. Objectives: To assess the awareness of Oral cancer among patients that visited department of Dentistry and maxillofacial surgery at Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional study; interviewer-administered questionnaire was conducted amongst 221 adult patients attending the Tikur Anbesa Hospital during June, 2023. A 29-item questioner which has 3 sections: demographics, knowledge of risk factors and knowledge of sign & symptoms of oral cancer were used during data collection. Time frame: The study was conducted from June 1 up to June 30, 2023 Result: A total of 221 patients visited the department during the study period. The female to male ratio was 1.51:1 & the mean age of patients was 37.09 years with standard deviation ±13.77. Majority of the participants (86.4%, N=191) were urban & 57.9% (N=128) of the participants were employed. About 52.0% (N=115) of the participants had a basic education or have accomplished primary & secondary level of school. The majority of the participants 65.2% (N=144) didn‟t have any habit of substance use & 75.1% (N=166) of the participants did not hear of oral cancer prior to this research. A total of 45.2% (N=100) of the participants demonstrated good knowledge of signs & symptoms of oral cancer whereas a total of 44.3% (N=98) of the participants demonstrated good knowledge of risk factors of oral cancer. Conclusion: This research demonstrated a lack of public awareness & knowledge about oral cancer. Different measures should be taken to improve public awareness of oral cancer. Dentists and health workers should do more in educating the public.
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    A cross-sectional descriptive study on knowledge, attitude and perception of oral and maxillofacial surgery specialty among healthcare professionals in Tikur Anbessa specialized hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2023-09) Tibebu, Hiwot Demisachew; Negussie,Samson (PhD); Adula, Surafel (PhD)
    Background: Oral and maxillofacial surgery evolves around the head and neck region, and acts as a connecting bridge between medical and dental specialties. In many health services communities, the scope of oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) as a discipline is frequently not probably understood. Good awareness of OMFS among different branches of health service providers is essential for better referral strategies and will be for the benefit of the patient. Objective: The main objective of this study is to assess the knowledge, attitude and perception of oral and maxillofacial surgery specialty among healthcare professionals at TikurAnbessa Specialized Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study design and a convenient sampling method isused. Self-administered questionnaires were prepared and filled out by the healthcare professionals. Descriptive statistics such as demographic data, knowledge, attitude and perception of study participants from their responses of the questionnaire were recorded and analyzed using SPSS version 25 software. Time frame: The study was conducted from December, 2022 to July, 2023. Result: A total of 125 healthcare professionals were participated in this study. Out of which, 75 were males and 50 were females. Most of participants were in the age range between 20 and 30 years. And, most of them have been in clinical practice in a range of 2 to 5 years. Regarding knowledge and attitude of healthcare professionals, the result of this study showed that 76 (60.8%) have poor knowledge and 49 (39.2) have good knowledge. Similarly, most participants have poor attitude towards oral and maxillofacial surgery specialty which accounts for about 79 (63.2%) of participants and 46 (36.8) of them have good attitude. On the contrary, the perception of healthcare professionals towards the level of oral and maxillofacial surgery service given in TikurAnbessa specialized hospital is good in majority of them (76, 60.8%) and the rest 49 (39.2%) participants have poor perception. Conclusion: The study concluded that there is poor knowledge and attitude of oral andmaxillofacial surgery specialty among study participants.
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    A Cross-Sectional Study on Factors Associated with Delayed Hospital Arrival of Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome in Addis Ababa
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-10-10) Aklilu Belay; Aklilu Azazh
    Acute coronary syndrome remains one of the most significant health burdens of society with significant mortality and morbidity. Lack of awareness about the symptoms and non-availability of infrastructure are associated with a delayed presentation to hospital from the the onset of symptoms in different research.
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    A Cross-Sectional Study on The Accuracy of Focused Cardiac Ultrasound (Focus) Perspective Amongst Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Residents in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-01-05) Nahom Mesfin; Temesgen Beyene
    The employment by non-cardiologists of Focused Cardiac Ultrasound (FoCUS) to promptly identify the organizational framework of the heart in critically sick patients attracted the first significant amount of public interest in early 90s. It was demonstrated that individuals with potentially life-threatening medical or surgical disorders might benefit from a quick FoCUS conducted by Emergency Physicians (EPs).
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    A Cross-Sectional Study on The Accuracy of Focused Cardiac Ultrasound (Focus) Perspective Amongst Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Residents in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-01-05) Mesfin Nahom; Temesgen Beyene
    : The employment by non-cardiologists of Focused Cardiac Ultrasound (FoCUS) to promptly identify the organizational framework of the heart in critically sick patients attracted the first significant amount of public interest in early 90s. It was demonstrated that individuals with potentially life-threatening medical or surgical disorders might benefit from a quick FoCUS conducted by Emergency Physicians (EPs).
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    A Prospective Cross Sectional Study to Evaluate the Incidence of Acute Transfusion Reaction and its Associated Risk Factors in Ateritiary Care Center in Ethiopia.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2023-02) Assefa,Temesgen; Tadesse,Fissehatsion(Ass.Prof.)
    Background:Transfusion reactions are adverse events associated with the transfusion of whole blood or one of its components. There is no institutional or national data in Ethiopia regarding the incidence of ATR & their risk factors. Theaim of this study is to measure the incidence of ATRs, frequency& time of occurrence of each ATR & evaluate their association with risk factors there by contributing to the institutional & national hem vigilance system. Objective:The main objective of the study is to measure the incidence of ATR & determine their association with different clinical variables. Methods: Prospective cross sectional study design is used to study in patient & outpatient adult transfusion recipients at the department of internal medicine, data was collected with a structured check list, analyzed with IBM SPSS version 24 software. Result: A total of 210 study participants with the age of 13 & above were included in the study from September 1, 2022 – November 30 2022. 50.5 % of study participants are male & 49.5% are females ,the most common age group are between the age of 18 -40,the commonest blood group was O positive.Acute myelogenous leukemia is the commonest underlying diagnosis of the study participants; PRBC is transfused for the majority of patients given for 74.8% of cases. ATR incidence is found to be 10%,ATR was reported in 19.6%of platelet transfused patients as compared to 7% of PRBC, and none of FFP transfused patients develop ATR. FNHTR & urticaria are the commonest ATR observed. Significant association is seen between ATR & female gender, autoimmune disease & ABO incompatible platelettransfusion. Conclusion:The incidence of ATR is higher than reported from previous studies indicating the need to improve institutional transfusion services particularly in high risk patients.
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    A prospective, Randomized, Single Blind Study on the Efficacy of Varying Doses of Dexamethasone in Preventing Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Adult Elective Surgery Patients at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (2024-2025)
    (Addis Ababa University, 2025-06-10) Naba Amanuel; Alfered Fetiya
    Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a common and distressing complication following surgery. Dexamethasone is widely used as a prophylactic antiemetic, though the optimal dose remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of two doses of dexamethasone (4 mg vs. 8 mg) in preventing PONV among adult elective surgical patients
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    A Retrospective Analysis of Newly Diagnosed ITP Patients to Analyze Response to First and Further Line Treatments.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2023-03) Maasho,Biniam; Gebrmedhin,Amha(Ass.Prof.)
    Background Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a relatively uncommon hematologic disorder with an estimated incidence of 3 to 6 patients /100,000 per year in the West. Initial response rates to corticosteroids average at 70%. In our country data on patient characteristics and outcome of therapy are scarce. Objective The primary objective of this study is to determine the rate of initial response to corticosteroids in newly diagnosed ITP patients. Secondary objectives include duration of response, associations between independent/patient variables and response, duration of PDN therapy and outcomes with further line treatments. Method: This is a retrospective, single-center study conducted at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, a tertiary care hospital located in Addis Ababa. All newly diagnosed ITP patients for whom adequate information regarding their outcome after 1st line therapy was available were included in this study. Data obtained thru a standardized questioner was analyzed by IBM-IPSS version 20 statistical software. Result: A total of 48 study participants with the age of 18 & above were included in the study. Females constitute 85% of the participants. 63% of the patients are less than 35 years old. The mean and range of age are 34 Yrs and 17 Yrs – 52 Yrs. 62 % had an initial response to steroids (52% complete response). The rate of SR at 6 months was 68%, a statistically significant difference from previous reports (P-value < 0.0001< , with a 95% C.I. = 0.4544 - 0.7856). Rituximab and prednisolone were the most frequently used 2nd line drugs. 6 patients were splenectomized. Patients with a response to 1st line prednisolone had a marginally significant better outcome with 2nd /3rd line rituximab Conclusion: Initial response rate to steroids was in line with previous studies done elsewhere. The SR rate was 68% that is significantly more than that reported in previous studies of 1st line prednisolone therapy in newly diagnosed ITP patients.
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    A survey on the indications, diagnostic efficacy and safety of Fiberoptic bronchoscopy in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital: Retrospective study from Dec, 2021 to Nov, 2023
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-03) Ahmed,Seid; Yusuf,Hanan( MD, Ass.Prof.); Kebede, Dawit ( MD, Ass.Prof.); Worku,Aschalew( MD, Ass.Prof.)
    Back ground:In the field of respiratory medicine, Fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) is a crucial diagnostic tool for both infectious respiratory diseases including Tuberculosis and non-infectious conditions, including lung cancer since it allows for direct visualization and sampling of the airways. Given the fact that both are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in Ethiopia and worldwide, a comprehensive retrospective analysis of its usage, safety and diagnostic yield is beneficial to optimize its integration into the hospital's diagnostic protocols. Objective:This study aims to assess the indications, diagnostic efficacy and safety of FOB in the context of Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (TASH) over a two-year period from December 2021 to November 2023. Methods:This study systematically analyses electronic medical records, bronchoscopy procedural reports and pathology and microbiology reports from TASH over a two-year period spanning from December 2021 to November 2023. Data extraction focuses on patient demographics, smoking history, platelet count and coagulation profile, indications for the procedure, bronchoscopic procedures and finally the safety and diagnostic outcomes of all patients who undergo bronchoscopy over the specified period of time. A waiver was taken from the IRB for the Ethical aspect of the study and patients’ information is anonymised. Collected data is evaluated for consistency and completeness by the investigator. Following collection, data is cleaned, coded, and analysed by SPSS version 26 software. Results:From a total of 227 bronchoscopies, records were available for 205 procedures, with a mean patient age of 43.63 years. The majority were male (52.2%), and 83.9% fell within the age range of 18-65 years. From the cases with HIV testing result, 11/108 (10.2%) were positive. Common indications for bronchoscopy include suspected mass or malignancy (45.85%), tuberculosis (28.29%), and airway inspection (13.66%). Comorbidities such as hypertension (14.15%) and bronchiectasis (11.71%) were identified. Samples collected during bronchoscopy include bronchoalveolar lavage (78.54%), transbronchial biopsy (25.85%), and endobronchial biopsy (10.24%). The overall diagnostic yield for FOB was 75.6%, with specific diagnostic yields for TB, sarcoidosis, and lung cancer at 41.38%, 45.45%, and 51.06%, respectively. Lung cancer was diagnosed in 23.41% of all cases, with adenocarcinoma (43.3%) being the most prevalent subtype. Tuberculosis and sarcoidosis were diagnosed in 14.63% and 5.36% of cases, respectively. Most cases (93.17%) were complication-free, with minor bleeding, hypertension, hypoxemia, and pneumothorax (on 2 patients) observed in a small percentage. Conclusion:Our study shows that the commonest indication for FOB is workup of suspected mass. FOB in TASH has a better yield compared to most other reports from Africa. The highest yield as expected was when there was a visible mass and coupled with endobronchial sampling. Cytology from fluid analysis has the lowest yield for malignancy. The practice of FOB in TASH is a safe procedure and even though rare, blind transbronchial biopsy has a risk of pneumothorax. The commonest histologic type of lung cancer identified is Adenocarcinoma but it was squamous cell carcinoma among smokers.
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    Acceptability of COVID 19 Vaccines among Health Care Workers and its Determinants in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2021G.C.
    (Addis Abeba University, 2021-11) Abraham, Yisehak; Dr. Tilahun, Rahel(Senior Anesthesiologist); Dr.Birhanu. Tseganesh (Senior Anesthesiologist)
    Background: Healthcare workers who have negative attitudes, are averted, or are hesitant about vaccinations share these unfavorable attitudes and tend to recommend vaccination to their patients infrequently(1). Despite the huge efforts made to achieve successful COVID-19 vaccines, a major hindrance can be related to vaccine hesitancy towards the approved and prospective COVID-19 vaccination(2). The willingness to accept the vaccine among health care workers range from 28% lowest in Congo to 77% in France(3,4). Objective: To assess the acceptability of a COVID-19 vaccine among healthcare workers in Tikur Anbessa specialized hospital, Addis Ababa 2020G.C. Method: Institutional based descriptive cross sectional study was conducted among health care workers of Tikur Anbessa specialized hospital. Which is one of the tertiary hospital in the country. The source population was health care worker of Tikur Anbessa specialized hospital. Stratified random sampling was used with a final sample size of 384. The data was collected using an online questionnaire. Data was checked for completeness and imported to SPSS 20 software for analysis. Descriptive analysis was done for Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of the participants. Bivariate logistic regression was done for each predictor variable and outcome variable. Multiple logistic regressions were done and statistical significance p-value less than 0.05 was taken as a determinant factor. Result: Of the total 390 health care worker who started the online questionnaire 384 completed it a (98.4% completion rate). Among the 384 participants 256(66.7%) respondents were willing to have the COVID 19 vaccine, 50.8 % were willing to be vaccinated as soon as the vaccine becomes available while 49.2% would delay vaccination until the vaccine's safety is confirmed. Having a high risk of contracting COVID and believing that the COVID-19 vaccine should be compulsory for all increased probability of getting vaccinated Conclusion and recommendation: Healthcare workers are at great risk of contracting and spreading the disease and, unless wide-acceptance of the vaccine is achieved. One of the crucial method is to alleviate fear of side effects.
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    Accuracy of Revised Ibd-Refer Criteria for Evaluation of Patients with Suspected Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Low Resource Setting: A Diagnostic Prospective Cohort Study
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-05) Rodas Temesgen; Yohannes Berhanu
    Diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) often faces significant delays. Early recognition tools offer the best chance for timely treatment and positive outcomes
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    Accuracy of Ultrasound in Fetal Sex and Weight Determination in the 2nd & 3rd Trimester When Performed By Radiology Residents & Recent Graduates: A Cross Sectional Facility Based Study
    (Addis Ababa University, 2015-10) Hashim, Yasmin; Kebede, Tesfaye(Associate professor)
    Background: Ultrasound is one of the non invasive methods for fetal sex determination and with its introduction visualization of the fetal genitalia has become possible. Although mainly fetal sex determination is done for parental curiosity it has also some clinical implication. Accurate prenatal EFW in late pregnancy and labor is extremely useful in management of labor, aiding in decision making about instrumental delivery, trial of labor after caesarean delivery and elective Cesarean section for patients suspected of having a macrosomic fetus. Objective: Purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of ultrasound in fetal sex determination in 2nd & 3rd trimester & weight determination in those ≥ 38wks when it is performed by those with lesser experience and exposure Methods: Obstetric ultrasound and ultrasound of the perineal region of the fetus was done on 600 pregnant women to detect the sex of the fetus with gestational age from 16 weeks to term. Completer data and information was available in 55o of the study. There were 20 twins in the study making the overall fetuses in the study 570. For fetal weight accuracy study 235 mothers with gestational age of ≥38weeks were included. Ultrasound results were registered on pre-prepared form at the time of examination. The sex & weight was confirmed at the expected time of delivery through a phone call to the mothers and for some by revising their medical cards. Results: Out of 570 fetuses ultrasound was able to determine the sex for 527 (92.5%); 287 of whom were confirmed female and 240were male. Overall accuracy was 84.92%. Accuracy for females was 91.63% and for males was 92.08%. When the not sure cases are excluded and samples for which actual sex determination was done are analyzed the accuracy was found to be 92%. From the 235 samples with GA of ≥38 weeks the accuracy of ultrasound fetal weight estimation within 10% of actual birth weights was 85.5%. The mean absolute error of estimated fetal weight was 226.67gm. Ultrasound generally underestimated the birth weight. Specifically ultrasound overestimated the fetal weight in those <2500gm and underestimated in those>4000gm. Conclusion: Ultrasound is an accurate method to determine the fetal sex in the second and third trimesters with a sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 93.2% even when it is performed by those with less experience and exposure. In conclusion EFW by ultrasound in term pregnancies using the Hadlock formula was found to have a high accuracy rate when it is performed by those with less experience and exposure. So it can be applicable to make clinical decisions even when it is done by those with less experience. The over estimation of LBW and under estimation of macrosomia found in ultrasound weight estimation should be given due attention
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    Accuracy of Visual Estimation of Intraoperative Blood Loss compared to calculated blood loss and factor which affect it In Adult Patients on elective surgical patients at Tikur Anbesa Specialized teaching Hospital (TASH), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2023/24.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-05) Hisho Abeba; Shami Amria; Alferid Fetiya
    Background: -Visual estimation of blood loss has been the most commonly used method and sometimes, the only method available for assessing intraoperative blood loss simply because it is easy, quick, and convenient. Accurate assessment of intraoperative blood loss is an important aspect of perioperative management of patients undergoing surgery where blood loss is often dispersed. Under estimation of bleeding can pose a danger to the patient’s recovery and sometimes also it can be a threat to life, especially when associated with hemodynamic instability (6-7).Over estimation of bleeding can lead to unnecessary blood transfusion, exposes the patient to needless risks such as infections, hemolytic and non hemolytic transfusion reactions(13).Improving visual estimation of blood loss is crucial step in management of surgical patients and decision of transfusing a patient should not always depend on estimation . Objective: - to asses accuracy Of visual estimation of intraoperative blood loss compared to calculated blood loss in adult patients on elective surgical patients at Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital (TASH), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2023/24. Method: -institutional based prospective cross-sectional study was used from Jan to march 2024 the study was conducted in TASH on 243 patients .Data was collected by modified questionnaire. Data collection was done by anesthesiology resident, anesthetists and medical interns. Simple convenient sampling technique was used as sampling technique. Data was checked for completeness and data was entered cleaned and analyzed by SPSS 27.00 version statistical software. Descriptive analysis was done for socio demographic values. The absolute mean error was also compared .and factors that affect the accuracy of VEBL was assessed by multiple regression Result: visual estimation of blood loss is in accurate by average of 29.1 % from calculated blood loss .21.8 %( Anesthesia side) and 36.4 % (surgical side) among the factors amount of bleeding also had its own impact by ;for those bleeding < 500 ml absolute mean error is 136 ml ,for 501- 1000ml absolute mean error is 145, for 1001-1500 ml absolute mean error is 297 for 1501-2000ml absolute mean error is 265 and for those >2000 ml absolute mean error is 471 ml Key word VEBL Conclusion Visual estimation of blood loss is inaccurate and subjective. Both anesthesiologists and the surgical side underestimated based on visual estimation. However, anesthesiologists generally outperformed surgical teams in visually with their estimates being closer to the actual blood loss that was calculated blood loss from pre- and post-operative hematocrit values
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    Acute Limb Ischemia Presentation and Outcome Among Cardiac Patients in Resource-Limited Setup, Single Institution Experience, Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2024
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-12-13) Weini Tekle; Henok Teklesilasie
    Acute Limb Ischemia (ALI) is a sudden drop in limb perfusion, posing a threat to viability. Cardiac conditions such as atrial fibrillation, valvular disease, and ischemic heart disease are major risk factors. In resource-limited settings like Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, understanding ALI presentation and outcomes in cardiac patients is crucial for improving management and reducing morbidity and mortality
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    Adherence of Health Care Workers to Hand Hygiene at Intensive Care Unit Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, 2024/25, Observational Study
    (Addis Ababa University, 2025-04-15) Mullu Adissu; Ayele Blen
    Hand hygiene (HH) is recognized as the single most effective strategy for preventing health care–associated infections. In developing countries, data on hand hygiene compliance is available only for few health-care facilities. This study aimed to assess hand hygiene adherence of health-care workers working at ICU of TASH, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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    Adherence to pre-operative fasting guidelines and associated factors among pediatric surgical patients in selected government referral hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2020.
    (Addis Abeba University, 2020-06) Yimer, Aragaw Hamza; Haddis, Lidya(B.Sc. M.Sc.); Abrar, Meron(B.Sc. M.Sc.)
    Background: Fasting of children before anesthesia is mandatory with the aim of to reduce the complications of due to regurgitation, vomiting, aspiration during anesthesia and surgery. Prolonged fasting times have several negative implications in children due to high fluid turnover quickly leads to dehydration, perioperative hypotension, metabolic disturbances and hypoglycemia which leads to poor anesthetic outcomes. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess adherence to preoperative fasting guidelines and associated factors among pediatrics patients undergoing elective surgery in Addis Ababa selected government Hospitals, Ethiopia, 2020. Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Addis Ababa selected government hospitals, Ethiopia in 2020. A total sample of 279 pediatric patients with age up 17 years scheduled for elective surgery included in the data collection. The data analysis was done with SPSS V.21 and the value of the variables and its associated factors was checked its association with logistic regression. Significance was determined at P -value <0.05. The result was presented by using text, tables, charts, and graphs. Results: A total of 279 pediatrics patients were responded in the analysis with a 98.6% response rate. Majority of the participants 251(89.96%) were not followed the guidelines of preoperative fasting. The mean fasting time for clear liquids was 10±4.03 (2-18 hrs.), for breast milk 7.18±2.26 (3.5-12 hrs.), and for solid foods 13.5±2.76 (8-19 hrs.). The reasons for which the preoperative fasting delayed was due to incorrect order 35.1% , prior cases procedures took longer times 34.1% changing sequence of schedule was 20.8%. Conclusion: The majority of children were still having prolonged fasting practice. The staff’s instructions and sequences of schedules are challenged to follow the international fasting guidelines protocol.