Admission Pattern and Treatment Outcomes among Patients Admitted to Pediatric Intensive Care unit in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia ,2020/21:A Cross-sectional Study
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Date
2021-06
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The knowledge of the pattern of admission and treatment outcome of critically diseased pediatric patients admitted to pediatric intensive care units in developing countries where the resource is scarce may help for the identification of priorities and resources to make the facility better. The prevalence of pediatric intensive care unit mortality often varies globally, depending on the facilities of the intensive care unit, the availability of workers, and admission patterns.
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess admission pattern and treatment outcome of children admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU), at Tikur Anbessa specialized hospital, Addis Ababa Ethiopia, from October 2018 to October 2020
METHODS: The study was a cross-sectional study design among 361 pediatrics patients admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit of Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital Addis Ababa Ethiopia from October 2018-October 2020 by using a systematic random sampling technique. Descriptive
statistics were summarized with data, tables, and figures for display results. The distribution of the data was checked with a normality curve. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to see the association of an independent variable on the outcome variable. Factors with a p-value of less than 0.2 in bivariate analysis were exported to multivariate analysis to see if they are independent factors for the outcome variable. The adjusted odds ratio was used to show the strength of association with a 95% confidence interval and the p-value of less than 0.05 was taken as statistical significance in multivariate analysis.
RESULTS: A total of 361(100%) charts were sampled for data collection; 197 (54.6%) were male and 164(45.4) were female. The most common cause of admission was, septic shock (27.14%),
whereas the least cause of admission was Asthma 9(2.50%). The mean age at admission was 39.44±44.87 months. The overall mortality rate of our pediatric intensive care unit was 43.8%.
From multivariate regression analysis need for mechanical ventilation (AOR= 11.08, 4.25-28.87, 95%CI, P=0.001), need for inotropic (AOR = 10.67, 4.09-27.81, 95%CI P<0.001), comorbidity (AOR=8.38, 3.5-20.5 , 95%CI P<0.001), length of PICU stay from 2-7 days (AOR =7.27, 1.7330.55, 95%CI P=0.007) and severe GCS (<8) with (AOR =10.51, 3.81-29.05, 95%CI P<0.001) were independent determinant of mortality.
CONCLUSION: The mortality rate at our PICU was 43.8%. Septic shock and meningitis were the common cause of death and the largest death has happened in less than 7 days of admission.
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Keywords
Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Admission Pattern, Treatment Outcome