Urban Planning

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Housing Development and the Public Transportation Mismatch: the Case of Addis Ababa Condominiums
(EiABC, 2019-06) DEBAS LAYEW, MELKAMU; Mintesinot Woldemanuel Professor , Berhanu Woeldetensae, Dr. PhD
For the last decade, Condominiums were constructed and also in the process of construction in different parts of Addis Ababa. The city is going through condominium booms which partly alleviate the housing problem. Most of these condominiums are constructed at the periphery part of the city, further from the city centers, where most of the jobs and services are located. Yet, the public transportation, that many residents depend on to access their jobs is not available in abundance in those suburban locations. Nowadays updated level of public transit coverage in the city of Addis Ababa is not known. As a result, any intervention in this sector cannot be fruitful unless the level of the gap is known scientifically. The purpose of this research is therefore to evaluate the intensity of transit service availability in relationship to neighborhood socio-economic and demographic characteristics in all parts of the city specifically the suburban condominiums of Addis Ababa. Two methods were used in this study. The first method was Addis Ababa bus and LRT service index (ABLSI), this method analyzed Anbessa, Sheger and LRT transit service availability in terms of transit capacity, frequency and coverage score. After standardizing each capacity, frequency and coverage score the results were summed together to produce transit availability index in each 99 transit analysis zones (Woredas) of the city. The second method was simple regression analysis, using this analysis the magnitude of correlation between transit availability index and socio-economic characteristics were identified. Based on the analysis the first method result were identified, it showed that Low and almost no transit service has been available in the periphery condominium residential Woredas whereas in the inner part of the city Woredas low to high public transit service intensity was identified. The second method result also showed that the intensity of transit service availability index has positive relationship with the socio-economic and demographic characteristics of periphery condominium neighborhoods. The study definitely answered regarding to the intensity of public transit availability difference between inner city and periphery Woredas with condominium residential neighborhoods. It also answered the relationship between public transit availability index and socio-economic characteristics of the periphery condominium residential neighborhoods. Further studies are needed for Woredas that have low and almost no transit availability index route design.
PASSENGERS’ PERCEPTION TOWARDS SERVICE QUALITY AND SOCIOECONOMIC BENEFITS OF THE ADDIS ABABA LIGHT RAIL TRANSIT SERVICE
(EiABC, 2019-06) OBSIE BIFA, ADANE; Mintesnot Woldeamanuel (PhD), Berhanu W/Tinsae, Dipl.Eng. Dr.
Based on the Case of a Slum* Area Set for On-Site Resettlement in 'Ambient' Locality of Addis Keteam** Sub City, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
(Addis Ababa university, 2019-07) Delesa, Naol; Yilma, Mesfin
This study tested the feasibility of on-site resettlement based housing project where it applied affordability as an indicator. For the purpose of applying the test it used a slum locality around Abinet area in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia as a study case in point. Abinet is located in Addis Ketema Sub city (among the 10 Sub Cities of Addis Ababa) of Wereda 01 (among the 116 Woredas in Addis Ababa where a Woreda is the smallest administrative unit). Abinet is one of the old inner-city neighborhoods of Addis Ababa. The study employed housing expenditure-to-income ratio to determine housing affordability and discounted pay-back period method as a financial tool to test the feasibility of the project. A to scientific sampling scheme was applied to select representative samples from which data was collected by using mixed instruments including site visit, semi structured questionnaire, key informant interview checklist, literature review schedules and other techniques. Accordingly, these instruments were administered on 113 randomly selected respondents and 10 key informants in addition to an adequate mix of literature or appropriate references as secondary data sources. Processing and analysis of data was made by using SPSS where generated statistics like frequency and percentages were made use of. Additionally, ethnography and narrative approaches were also applied. The findings of the study indicated that, on-site resettlement is a successful scheme. Broadly speaking, given the findings and analyses of this study, on-site resettlement is seen as an important part of inner-city slum renewal strategy that it maintains socioeconomic wellbeing of the residents while providing affordable housing for all income levels, improving the physical condition of slum areas in addition to changing the image of the city thus fostering livability and better times. According to the analysis of sampled respondents data, discounted pay-back period of the project is three years and four months where it is found that residents have the motivation/willingness and the ability to finance their own resettlement.
Poetics and Politics of Heritage Conservation:Problems of Heritage Conservation in Addis Ababa,a Case of Dejazmach Haile Selassie Gugissa Residence and its Adaptive Reuse Potentials
(Addis Ababa university, 2019-10) Getu, Elzalmon; Giorghis, Fasil (Associate professor)
Many of Addis Ababa’s historic buildings have been pushed to have perished thoroughly due to the improper decisions of the related immediate stakeholders. Besides, a pessimistic response by the decision-makers given to the problems of historic buildings value has been very challenging in their continuation. Concerning that, the paper centrally focused on the concept of politics and poetics of heritage conservation in Addis Ababa’s historic buildings. It examines through identifying factors which has a significant influence on the adaptive reuse of historic buildings, the role of stakeholders, and the decision-making process to adapt one historic building to new use. For that reason, the study mainly used archival accounts, interviews, observation, and on-site assessments to collect reliable data. So, the study employed in “Dejazmach Haile Selassie Gugissa residence” located at eastern Mercato: exactly known as the Anwar mosque area. Consequently, adaptive reuse potentials are discussed to imply by what method the concept of poetics and politics play a role in the conservation and management of the case building. As a result, regarding the synthesized findings, 4 (four) recommendations were classified and stated respectively. Finally, among the 4 (four), 1(one) had selected as an input for the case building had proposed to be adaptively reused for the function of mini-restaurant/café and souvenir shop.
An Investigation of Community Participation in Integrated Municipal Solid Waste Management System in Lagatafo Lagadadhi Town, Oromia Regional State of Ethiopia
(2020-06) Assefa, Mesfin; Girma, Birhanu (PhD)
The environmental and health impacts as well as economic opportunities presented by waste management in the Lagatafo Lagadadhi town, one of the fastest and the emerging town in the Oromia National Regional Stat of Ethiopia, is not comprehensively and systematically studied. The purpose of this study is to fill this gap in the literature by investigating how solid waste is being managed within the context of community participation in the study area. The study employed a mixed method research using both quantitative and qualitative data. The quantitative portion which is descriptive survey helps to describe the phenomenon under study, and the qualitative data enriched the descriptions generated by and from the quantitative ones to landmark the study. The quantitative data was collected through questionnaire from 384 households; whereas, the qualitative data was gathered using structured interview with 5 key informants, one FGD which has 8 discussants, field observation at different times and various documents. The study reveals that community participation is dismally poor in solid waste management in a town with an average per capita solid waste generation rate of 0.41 kg/cap/day at household level. Although the composition varied due to seasonal conditions, food and biodegradable wastes comprised 76.5% of household wastes. The study shows that most of the solid wastes (49.6%) were burned at the household level and at the dump site. The town’s solid waste management budget, accounting about 11% of the municipality’s budget (less than half of the average for low-income countries), is woefully inadequate, to cover all operational costs related to Solid Waste Management. The improper management of the solid waste is adversely affecting the residents of the town through water and air contamination, drainage blockages, and the local economy. The study recommends that the improvement of solid waste management through increased coverage and community awareness concerning the segregation of solid waste in order to practice integrated solid waste management through community participation. Finally, the researcher calls on the municipality to implement the Integrated Solid Waste Management plan developed as part of this study.
The Challenges of Urbanization on Land Development and Management Systems. The Case of Sabbata Town
(Addis Ababa University, 2020-06) Butta, Girum; Girma, Birhanu (PhD)
Global drivers such as globalization, urbanization, economic reform and technology are challenging the way human kind relates to land. This challenging relationship calls for effective land management and administration. The aim of the research was to assess the challenges of urbanization on land development and management System in Sabbata town, Oromia, Ethiopia. The study used descriptive survey method and considered the use of both quantitative and qualitative types of data from primary and secondary data sources. From the subject of the study, questionnaires were used and interviews were made with different appropriate bodies. Moreover, the data was collected based on reconnaissance field survey that necessitated cross checking the provision of Sabbata structure plan or development plan concerning land development and management system practices with the ground reality and was analyzed through probability and non probability sampling technique by using random and purposive method of sampling. The major findings of the study show that the impact rate of urbanization(population and physical growth) on land development and management system in Sabbata town is neither efficient nor effective, considering their poor capacity to provide land development for different uses, poor land records, poor information, and management systems. There is also inefficient management of land resulted inequitable land markets (corruption) in the town. This resulted in reduced economic activity and low municipal revenue, there by hampering economic growth and land development and management system of the town. Thus, this study recommends the town administration should better strengthen the institution in all spaces thereby increasing its capacity to reach or realize efficient land development and management System through addressing all the recommended solutions and utilizing autonomous cadastre where different countries with it are experiencing improvement
An Investigation on Safety, Comfort and Convenience of Pedestrian in Addis Ababa: A Case of Arterial Street’s Sidewalks
(Addis Ababa university, 2020-06) Abebe, Nardos; G. Woldeamanuel, Mintesnot (professor)
All major cities including Addis Ababa experience heavy pedestrian flows. Because of the shortage of satisfactory sidewalks, pedestrian roadways are often difficult to walk on. Since pedestrians are more vulnerable than other mode users, the primary objective of this research is to develop an understanding of the root cause to safety, comfort and convenience problems while using sidewalks, using pedestrian level of service and user rating methodology. Sidewalks play an essential role in transportation. Sidewalks deliver an isolated safe route for people to walk along a separated trail from motorized traffic movement. Instead of taking traffic flow operation as the assessing standard for pedestrian comfort convenience and safety, this research has studied the methods of assessing pedestrian level of service by analyzing both the pedestrian’s subjective perceptions and objective quality of the service. This study has used two types of PLOS methods, the Australian method and the Highway Capacity Manual integrating with both objective measurement and subjective assessment. The study also uses sidewalks with street vendor activities on them. The presence of street vendors along the sidewalk is neutrally considered, neither unimportant nor important. Their existence is noted because of the negative impact they may have on the available space for walking. The subjective assessment is mainly based on the user’s rating of pedestrian amenities using 821 individuals in 21 selected sidewalks in order to identify the perception of users for that designated segment. The objective measurement was taken in 21 selected sidewalk parts that are located throughout the city of Addis Ababa in order to identify the service level by fulfilling all the affecting factors required by the two PLOS methods. The results of the study indicate that both the PLOS and the perception assessment describes the studied sidewalks similarly with problem caused by vendor activities, pedestrian volume, and the number of pedestrian who interact with street vendors along with the shortcoming of the street network and sidewalk infrastructure in the form of physical and user characteristics. In order to generate
The Causes and Consequences of Urban Land Market Failure in Oromia Special zone: the Case of Sululta Town
(2020-09) UMA, BIRHANU; Girma, Birhanu Girma(PhD)
To deal with the rapid urbanization the government of Ethiopia has been enacting regulations that mainly focused on restricting informal land transaction. Sululta, is one of the eight towns in Oromia Special Zone which was established in 2008 to restrict the fierce sprawl of Addis Ababa. Unlike all of these actions, the situation worsened and made the market to be dominantly informal and created bad morphological growths in the town. By observing the problem, this study has conducted to explain the major causes and the consequences of the market failure in Sululta town. Research approach of explanatory with survey methods were used in the research. Descriptive statics and analysis with detailed contextual reviews were widely undertaken throughout the research. The result of the study shows that, the major causes of the market failure includes: the inappropriate dominance of some of the actors; the unbalanced socio-economic characteristics of the actors and the illicit nature of the market actors; the poor performance of urban land management system and the ineffective land policies. Accordingly, the result of the explanation of the consequences of the failed urban land market includes: the rise of land price; rapid rate of urbanization; unsuitable settlement patterns; huge consumption of the natural environment and difficulty to implement urban plans are the major effects that are challenging the town. Finally the research recommends the reconsideration of the modalities of land provision with a very effective land management system that can insures the property holding rights of the citizens in order to solve this wide spread tragedy.
An Assessment of Urban Expansion on The Surrounding Farming Land: The Case of Tulu Bolo Town, Oromia Regional State.
(Addis Ababa University, 2020-10-01) Alemayehu Megersa; Birhanu Girma(PhD)
The Objectives of this study were to assess Urban Expansion on the Surrounding Farming Land: The case of Tulu Bolo Town, Oromia Region. Problems related with food security, asset losses, as well as the measures taken to address were investigated. Urbanization is one of the most factors demographic trends of the twenty first century where cities are rapidly expanding through a continuous process of urban growth towards the peri-urban agricultural farmlands. One of the many manifestations in urban expansion is the transformation of more and more farmlands away from agricultural production. As it is associated with socio economic development, urbanization has a higher level of development in developed nations than developing ones. In Ethiopia, although its urbanization level is the lowest even under developed nations, however, its rate is the highest and made a country one of the fast urbanization in the World. As a matter of this fact, Tulu Bolo Town is among the Ethiopian urban settings experiencing unprecedented rate of urbanization through expansion. Therefore, the study Depends on the descriptive research design and involved both Quantitative and Qualitative approaches. A household survey was conducted on 166 households sampled through systematic sampling and non-random sampling techniques. Primary data had been collected through semi-structured questionnaire, semi-closed interview, Field observation and focus group discussion and secondary was from different Written and documented sources. Thus, farmers consulted for this study had developed dissatisfied feeling towards the urban development in the area and lost sense of belongingness to the development program. Therefore , the recommendation of this study that, there is a need to have a good urban governance to limit the problem, especially, following participatory approach on stakeholders, mainly, farmers, in to urban development plans and projects, there should exist effective rules and regulations which guide expropriation and compensation to farmers when their land is expropriated for public interest. There should, also be consideration of the recipients' interests on kind and quantity of compensation and if money is only possible resolutions on a kind of compensation to farmers, then, pre-trainings and post instruction need to be carried out to enable such community sustain and secure their livelihood. Key words: Urban Expansion, expropriation, compensation, and peri-urban agricultural
An Investigation of Urban Expansion Land Use Land Covers (LULC) Dynamics: The Case of Dukem Town, Oromia Special Zone
(Addis Ababa University, 2020-11) Sisay, Girum; Girma, Birhanu (PhD)
The Causes and Consequences of Urban Land Market Failure in Oromia Special Zone the Case of Sululta Town
(Addis Ababa University, 2020-12) Uma, Birhanu; Girma, Birhanu (PhD)
To deal with the rapid urbanization the government of Ethiopia has been enacting regulations that mainly focused on restricting informal land transaction. Sululta, is one of the eight towns in Oromia Special Zone which was established in 2008 to restrict the fierce sprawl of Addis Ababa. Unlike all of these actions, the situation worsened and made the market to be dominantly informal and created bad morphological growths in the town. By observing the problem, this study has conducted to explain the major causes and the consequences of the market failure in Sululta town. Research approach of explanatory with survey methods were used in the research. Descriptive statics and analysis with detailed contextual reviews were widely undertaken throughout the research. The result of the study shows that, the major causes of the market failure includes: the inappropriate dominance of some of the actors; the unbalanced socio-economic characteristics of the actors and the illicit nature of the market actors; the poor performance of urban land management system and the ineffective land policies. Accordingly, the result of the explanation of the consequences of the failed urban land market includes: the rise of land price; rapid rate of urbanization; unsuitable settlement patterns; huge consumption of the natural environment and difficulty to implement urban plans are the major effects that are challenging the town. Finally the research recommends the reconsideration of the modalities of land provision with a very effective land management system that can insures the property holding rights of the citizens in order to solve this wide spread tragedy.
The Role of Brokers on Determination of Residential Real Estate Price in Addis Ababa
(Addis Ababa university, 2020-12) Fikadu Wondu; Kumera, Eyassu
The purpose of this paper is to probe the role of brokers on residential real-estate price escalation in Addis Ababa. Real estate housing market is one of mechanisms that transfer ownership rights of a house with a combination of different attributes that is defined by its prices. The process and procedure in Real estate housing market is complex both for the sellers or buyers. Market participants lack sufficient information to undertake transactions. The paper tries to examine the influencing factors of the Real estate housing market and show how brokers facilitate the market. The price of the real estate house is not determined arbitrarily. The implicit price of residential housing characteristics concerning the physical and location of Addis Ababa are examined in this paper. The elements of sales comparison of residential real estate house depend on a package of attributes that· are, valued by the consumers. A model that incorporate for the quality of the house, age, area, number of rooms, neighborhood availability of such as market, elementary school etc. are presented and discussed. Hedonic price model is used to estimate the most important determinant factors. Data is collected from households' that buy residential Real estate houses in Addis Ababa. The data collected were analyzed using the multiple linear regression models. The result of the study suggested that the price of a house has increased tremendously over a short period of time. Most buyers of a house prefer plot size, older and structurally poor quality houses. The paper tries to demonstrate the behavior of residential house market consumers given the present housing condition of the city. The policy implication of this study is that the implementation of the urban land and housing policy of the city administration should be accompanied by improvement in the residential house market.
Assessment of Wereda Level Urban Solid Waste Transfer Sites in Addis Ababa: The Case of Addis Ketema Sub-city
(A.A.U, 2021-02) Workalemahu, Danat; Girma, Birhanu(PHD)
One of the problems caused by population growth is the problem of solid waste management systems. This problem is particularly acute in developing countries such as Ethiopia. The traditional solid waste management system which is dumping solid waste on open platforms without applying any specific technology and without suitability study is polluting Addis Ababa which is the capital city of Ethiopia and, it overshadows the beauty of the city. Also, these smallscale solid waste transfer sites are creating a foul odor and affect the people’s health that lives and use the area. Based on this, the objective of this study focuses on, Assessing the impact of solid waste transfer sites and locating sustainable sites by using GIS techniques in one selective sub-city in Addis Ababa which is Addis Ketema sub-city. The method that was applied for the study is more descriptive that to show clearly or to make it visible the existing situation of solid waste transfer sites. Based on the results, the researcher study different criteria (guiding principles) to proposed potential suitable sites for solid waste transfer stations. A transfer station is a building or processing site specially designed for the temporary deposition of solid waste. According to this, about five social and physical criteria were used to select the potential site and All maps were Geo-referenced and reclassified according to their suitability and based on the standards of solid waste transfer station site selection. As the result showed, from the total study area 3.6% was found as the most suitable location for solid waste transfer station, 8.7% suitable, 9.3% were moderately suitable and 78.4% was unsuitable for locating solid waste transfer station. This sustainable site was satisfied both the environmental and social norms and principles that used to locate solid waste transfer station potential locations in the study area. Based on this, all concerned governmental bodies should give proper attention to different guiding principles and norms for the best result on solid waste management process on solid waste transfer station locations in the city of Addis Ababa, on sub-city level.
Analysis of the Forces Shaping Urban Expansion in the Case of Lagatafo Lagadadi Town, Oromia Special Zone
(2021-03) Kassahun, Hundesa; Girma (PhD), Birhanu
The major objective of the study was to analyze the forces shaping urban expansion in the case of Lagatafo Lagadadi town. The study emphasized on descriptive research design. For the purpose of the study both qualitative and quantitative methods were employed. Both primary and secondary data source employed. The target population includes households, kebele leaders, land management agency and leaders of Lagatafo Lagadadi town. Probabilistic and non-probabilistic sampling techniques employed for this study. The participants of the study include 99 households; 43 employees and 6 key informants. The data was collected through questionnaires; interview; document analysis and field observations. Data collected using questionnaire to determine deriving force the urban expansion were analyzed using SPSS 24.0. Landsat images from the USGS were analyzed by using supervised classification technique in GIS to investigate the temporal changes of the land use land cover types. The results showed that only the built up land use shows an increment trend and the remaining land use land cover forest, agriculture, and open space showed a decline thought the years of 1995-2019 years. The yearly urban expansion rate was 5.70% for the past 24 years. The forces derived urban expansion in the study area were highly associated the factors of economic, infrastructure, proximity, neighborhood, physical, land values, land use policy and urban planning. On the basis of the major findings the study recommends the government authorities need to enforce strict urban growth policies in coming days. Proper urban planning is always needed to be emphasized. It is important for Lagatafo Lagadadi town municipality to enforce timely and appropriate land use planning which considers the requirements of social, economic, and environmental sustainability. Regular and up-to-date information on urban land use changes is required to visualize growth patterns and improve urban expansion.
Assessment of the Physical Integration of Public Transport Stations and its Effect on the User
(Addis Ababa University, 2021-05) Kefyalew, Nathnael; Woldetensae, Berhanu(phd)
Physical integrations of public transport aims to make the intermodal transit system accessible for all users by reducing discontinuities within the system. Enhancing the physical integration of public transport stations allows users to make travel decisions that enables them to save their time and money. The research was conducted to assess the physical integration of public transport stations and its effect on the public transport user. The study area was at Mexico roundabout, Addis Ababa and included the study of 20 public transport stations including the LRT stations and covered all the public transport modes present in the area. The study assessed the physical integration of the public transport stations of the area by assessing the transfer experience of the public transport users.it used survey method to capture the perception of the public transport users. The study also assessed the trip characters and modal usage of the public transport users. The findings revealed that more than 30% of respondents had to walk 400-500 meters to make a transfer to another mode of transport. Ordinal regression was used to analyze which parameters of the transfer experience had significant effect on the public transport users. The distance traveled to make a transfer, protection against weather while making a transfer, the increase in number of transfers a public transport user makes, safety security and conditions of sidewalk are amongst the significant parameters that affect the satisfaction towards the transfer experience. There is a strong institutional interest to enhance physical integration. However, concrete measure are not undertaken. The study recommends changing open spaces in the study area to interchange facilities and provision of longer routes to decrease discontinuities of trips. The study further recommends the city place public transport interchange facilities around transport hubs of the city to enhance physical integration of transport modes.
Performance Evaluation of Anbessa City Bus Based on Quality of Service: The Case of Bethel to Merkato Route
(Addis Ababa University, 2021-06) Husein, Muktar; Woldetensae, Berhanu(phd)
Public transportation in Addis Ababa has been dominated by city bus services provided by the few bus enterprises, taxis operated by private sectors and Light Rail Transit. Walking is also major mode of transport for a significant number of city residences. Despite the role of LRT, buses and mini-bus taxis as the major public transport system, the overall urban mobility in Addis has been characterized as chaotic, unreliable, unsafe, unaffordable and inefficient for a fast-expanding city. Public transportation has influential role in the quality of life individually and the productivity of entire regions in every society through generating inter or intra regions or city connections during urbanization. Cities with poor public transport are characterized by suppressed social and economic advantages. However, providing a reliable, efficient and quality transportation service to the people is a challenging operation to the service provider. Since its establishment, Anbessa City Enterprise has passed through many ups and downs to improve and expand its transportation service in general. It has got major improvement so far. Yet, the enterprise could not be able to address the required quality and the ever-increasing transportation demand in and around the city of Addis Ababa. Hence, the Anbessa city bus service operation requires a continuous performance assessment for efficient and proper utilization of buses to serve the current and future customers’ demand. As a result, any intervention in this regard cannot be fruitful unless the current level of performance and the gap in quality of service is identified scientifically. The objective of this research is therefore to evaluate performance of Anbessa city bus based on quality of service specifically along the Bethel-Merkato route. To evaluate performance of Anbessa bus along this route, indicators regarding quality of service were identified from different literatures and discussed under literature review section of the research. Identified quality-of-service indicators are service availability, service frequency, trip time, service reliability, comfort, safety and security, cleanliness, fare, information and customer care. Two methods were developed to analyze the study. The first method was customer satisfaction index (CSI), this method analyzed overall customer satisfaction rate of the service by calculating quality-of-service indicators importance rates and satisfaction rates of 351 respondents. The second method was Common Values for the Performance Indicators; this method analyzed expected level of service quality to be delivered from the view point of different expected average performance levels. Based on the analysis the first method results identified, the service is about 53.2% successful in satisfying its customers, which indicates low result in satisfying its users. The second result also showed that, quality of service along this route is below average in some attributes and average in the rest. Further studies are needed to develop standard performance evaluation indicators at city and level and evaluation of Anbessa bus performance from service provider’s perspective.
Planning and Management of Accessible Urban Green Infrastructure in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: From Urban Park Perspectiv
(Addis ababa University, 2021-06) Azagew, Sileshi; Worku (professor), Hailu
Ethiopia, like most developing countries has becoming increasingly urbanizing. Urban green infrastructure (UGI) are important settings for improving the quality of urban life. However, with the continuation of urbanization, providing UGI in the major cities of the country became difficult. Development of accessible UGI remains a major challenge of the capital city Addis Ababa as well. Many studies have been conducted on the factors that contributed to the inaccessibility and undersupply of UGI in cities of developed countries. Contrary to this, similar studies in rapidly urbanizing cities of Africa like Addis Ababa are scant. The aim of this study is to fill this gap, by examining the status, accessibility and constraints of UGI in general and urban parks (UPs) in particular in rapidly urbanizing city Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A variety of socio-spatial data were collected from different sources and analyzed by using various analytical techniques. First, the study mapped and calculated the status of UGI from 2003 to 2016 based on the land use data of the city in ArcGIS. Then, the study analyzed the spatial accessibility of recreational parks based on proximity, per capita green indicators and park quality parameters by using the land use maps, road network, gridded population data, and park audit data. Apart from looking at the spatial perspectives of UPs access, the study also addressed the social perspectives of UPs access based on park users and household survey. The study employed structured questionnaire to collect data from 399 sample park visitors (189) and households (210) surrounding the parks. Besides, descriptive statistics, cross tabulation, chi-square test and multivariate regression were used to analyze the association between the variables. Finally, the study examined the constraints behind the current states of UGI based on the result of the study, document review, expert interview and field observation. The land use land cover change analysis result disclosed that the land use of UGI from 2003 to 2016 is decreased by 22.4 percent. The land use of unban agriculture significantly declined (by 86.1 percent) followed by the land use of urban forest (by 15.3 percent). In addition, the spatial accessibility indicators showed that the city residents do not have enough recreational parks. The city’s park per capita was very small (0.37m2 ) compared to Ethiopian UGI standards (15m2 ) and the large portion of the city’s population (above 90 percent) has no access to existing parks within the minimum walking distance thresholds. The results indicated that there is high demand of recreational parks in the city. Thus, to satisfy the current demand the city administration should provide 6718.1ha of UPs. Apart from the spatial analysis, the social survey analysis of the study has also revealed important findings about access and the use pattern of UPs. iv The result indicated that the socio-demographic variables such as age, income, occupation, and physical factors such as distance, traveled time to the park, and mode of transport were important predictors (p< 0.05), and the limiting factors for accessing UPs in the study area. Lack of different programs in the parks and personal constraints such as lack of time, interest and awareness about the available UPs were the other constraints that affect park utilization. The city parks are poor in terms of park quality parameters such as the availability of facility, maintenance, cleanness and safety or security of the parks. In general, the study revealed that UGI is degrading, and inaccessible to the majority of city residents and different groups of the community in terms of size, proximity, time, transportation, and overall quality. The study identified a number of constraints behind the current state of UGI in general UPs in particular in Addis Ababa. Some of the major constraints include; the expansion of built up area (formal or informal housing, and infrastructure expansion), population and housing density, lack of policy and regulations at national and municipal level, lack of proper planning, insufficient operation of existing urban planning regulations or laws, lack of priority and attention for UGI development, and organizational or management problems. Finally, the overall results obtained through the combination of the socio-spatial analysis were used to develop the planning and management strategies to maintain and provide accessible UGI in the city and beyond. First, there is a need to properly plan, strictly adhere to the development plan, and implement UGI network at city scale so as to reduce the encroachment and the fragmentation of UGI in the city. Second, improving UPs accessibility by enhancing the availability and quality of UPs as well as the transportation service so as to address the recreational need of the city residents. Third, consideration of the need and preference of different groups of the community during UPs planning and development, and raising the awareness of the community about the importance of UPs have also paramount importance for UPs development. Fourth, formulating a sound UGI policy at a national and municipal level; revisiting the planning system including the quantitative and qualitative standard of UPs; and improving park management system have also a paramount importance to achieve the current demand of UPs in Addis Ababa city. Finally, I hope that this study serves as a benchmark for policy and planning to ensure accessible and adequate UGI in rapidly urbanizing city of Addis Ababa and beyond.
Factors Affecting The Public Transportation Modal Choice in Urban Mobility in Addis Ababa: The Case of Yeka Sub City
(Addis ababa University, 2022-04-01) Fentahn Abebe Debebe; Birhanu Girma (PhD)
The modal choice in Ethiopia varies from passenger to passenger due to different factors. The existence of modal choice creates different problems like delays, traffic accidents and traffic congestions etc. The general objective of this research was to analyze the factors that affect the modal choice in urban mobility in Addis Ababa; the case of the Yeka Sub-city. To achieve the above objective, the researcher used simple random sampling technique to select samples for both open and close ended questionnaire method, and purposive sampling for the semi structured interview method. The sample size of this study was 378 samples, from these samples 40 of them were interviewed, the remaining 338 respondents filled the questionnaires. This research is a mixed type of research, meaning that by using both quantitative and qualitative data describes the factors that affect the modal choice in urban mobility in Addis Ababa; in the case of the Yeka Sub-city. The research design of this research was concurrent research design means the collection of qualitative and quantitative data simultaneously, specifically Quantitative driven concurrent design (QUANT + quall) where used for this study. The study found out that Personal Information (gender, employment status, family size, and income status,), Characteristics of Trip (travel purpose, travel time, travel distance, and Transport cost), Psychological factors (attitudes towards buses, and attitudes towards buses) and characteristics of the transport facility (comfort, safety, and availability of vehicle) are statistically significant. In addition there are factors which are related with spatial data like availability of parks, urban land use type and design and network of roads which affects the modal choice .From the findings, 75.4%) of the participants used taxis (all taxies which carries 11_12 passengers), 24.6% of the participants used buses (both Sheger and Anbesa buses).So taxis were the most common mode of transport used in Addis Ababa especially in Yeka Sub city. The choice of transport modes affects the urban mobility because it is the means of traffic congestion ,dalliance ,accidents and other environmental problems related with mobility, especially the choice of taxis that aggravate those problems above than buses. To minimize this problem the government and concerned stakeholders should manage the transport system like Higer, Shger, and also and Anbessa bus in their safety and comfort to make it competitive to other transport modes; Supply adequate transportation modes especially supply buses which can enhance the transport service.
Factors Affecting the Modal Choice In Urban Mobility In Addis Ababa: The Case of Yeka Sub City
(Addis Ababa University, 2022-04-01) Fentahun Abebe Debebe; Birhanu Girma (PhD)
The modal choice in Ethiopia varies from passenger to passenger due to different factors. The existence of modal choice creates different problems like delays, traffic accidents and traffic congestions etc. The general objective of this research was to analyze the factors that affect the modal choice in urban mobility in Addis Ababa; the case of the Yeka Sub-city. To achieve the above objective, the researcher used simple random sampling technique to select samples for both open and close ended questionnaire method, and purposive sampling for the semi structured interview method. The sample size of this study was 378 samples, from these samples 40 of them were interviewed, the remaining 338 respondents filled the questionnaires. This research is a mixed type of research, meaning that by using both quantitative and qualitative data describes the factors that affect the modal choice in urban mobility in Addis Ababa; in the case of the Yeka Sub-city. The research design of this research was concurrent research design means the collection of qualitative and quantitative data simultaneously, specifically Quantitative driven concurrent design (QUANT + quall) where used for this study. The study found out that Personal Information (gender, employment status, family size, and income status,), Characteristics of Trip (travel purpose, travel time, travel distance, and Transport cost), Psychological factors (attitudes towards buses, and attitudes towards buses) and characteristics of the transport facility (comfort, safety, and availability of vehicle) are statistically significant. In addition there are factors which are related with spatial data like availability of parks, urban land use type and design and network of roads which affects the modal choice .From the findings, 75.4%) of the participants used taxis (all taxies which carries 11_12 passengers), 24.6% of the participants used buses (both Sheger and Anbesa buses) .So taxis were the most common mode of transport used in Addis Ababa especially in Yeka Sub city. The choice of transport modes affects the urban mobility because it is the means of traffic congestion ,dalliance ,accidents and other environmental problems related with mobility, especially the choice of taxis that aggravate those problems above than buses. To minimize this problem the government and concerned stakeholders should manage the transport system like Higer, Shger,and also and Anbessa bus in their safety and comfort to make it competitive to other transport modes; Supply adequate transportation modes especially supply buses which can enhance the transport service Keywords: Urban mobility, Modal choice. Binary logistic regression
the Conservation Status and Challnges of Genetemaryam Rock Hewn Church, North Wollo.
(Addis Ababa University, 2022-06-01) Moges Tefera; Tadese Girmay
Genetemaryam is endowed with rock-cut church embodying architectural significance. However, this priceless cultural Heritages is frequently confronted with different threats. It is increasingly deteriorating and threatened by a host of both natural and anthropogenic factors. This will result in loss of the authenticity and beauty. The church is subjected to different problems such as cracking, degradation and breaking that badly affected its values. This church was carved in the late 13th century. Since then, it has been exposed to wind, rain and thermal changes as well as to the impact of human activities. This has resulted in severe degradation of the church which is considered to be in a critical condition. It is also evident that all the identify phenomena and related causes are strictly connected each other and they mutually contribute to the amplification of some degradation effect. Identifying the nature and scale of destructive forces helps to determine intervention methods. It also enables to take measures before it results in total loss of the heritage. This paper is designed with the objective of assessing the untapped potential and existing problems of this cultural heritage. Finally the study concluded with some of the conservation measures which should be undertaken to solve the problems in this church.

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