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Item Managing the Challenges of the Built Environment Development Process In Ethiopian Urbanization: The Environmental Responsiveness Failure of the Management System in the Addis Ababa and Sebeta Urban Region.(Addis Ababa University, 2023-03-01) Solomon Benti Abuna; Heyaw Terefe (PhD)The built environment has become not only a major component of the physical environment but also one that has opportunities and challenges for the other components like the natural and working landscapes especially since the industrial revolution, which triggered rapid urbanization of the world and growth of urban centers. The literature review indicated that the main challenges were depletion and pollution of the landscapes that unless managed the built environment development process can fail to be responsive to the challenges. This research aims at studying the challenges of depletion of the natural and working landscapes in the context of rapid built environment development process, an emerging management of the process, and public ownership of land. The general objective of the research is investigating why the management of the Built Environment Development Process's responsiveness to its challenges for the natural and working landscapes in Ethiopia appears to have gaps and how the gaps can be reduced by taking Sebeta town, one of the emerging towns surrounding Addis Ababa, as a case. Both quantitative and qualitative methods including interview, focus group discussion, document review, and observation were used for the research. In addition, land use/land cover analysis based on time series satellite imageries; Participatory Geographical Information System (PGIS) were used as analysis methods. The result indicates that the built environment development process (BEDP) in the study region has significant gaps of responsiveness to the natural and working landscapes: it has led to the loss of 3,956.26ha of the landscapes from 2005 to 2018. In this process, the most affected areas include fertile agricultural lands, environmentally fragile zones including forested mountains, spaces providing cultural iv and spiritual opportunities, and riverbanks. The driver for the BEDP responsiveness gaps on the natural and working landscapes is the failure management system: (i) Its in existence that has led to spontaneous BEDP .(ii) Its inadequacy in terms of gaps in urban plans and their implementation. (iii) Limited availability of national and regional land use plans, and (iv) Gaps in the implementation of the public ownership of land policy that has not contributed as much as is expected. Keywords: Built Environment; Environmental Responsiveness; Emerging Towns; Green Field Development; Natural and Working Landscapes; Urban Management FailuresItem Environmental Impacts of Urban Growth in Akaki-Kality Sub City, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia(Addis Ababa University, 2024-06-01) Truesaw Kebad; Solomon Benti (PhD)This research is aimed to analyze land use/land cover dynamics of Akaki Kality sub city with their driving factors, and related environmental impacts. Spatial analysis were done majorly by using different time series satellite images that were compiled from land sat 5,7 and 8, and the supervised image classification of Arc GIS 10.4 and ERDAS IMAGINE 15 software programs were applied. Other non-spatial environmental impacts were addressed with the aid of primary data collected from households using structured questionnaire and other secondary data that were collected from Ethiopian National Metrology Agency. Similarly, Land Surface Temperature change done with Arc GIS. The 1996-2021 land uses/ land cover result analysis shows bare land decreased from 40% to 24%, which were mostly changed to construction; vegetation and forest, decreased from 43% to 23%; water bodies have shown only about 2% change and built up area increased from 10% to 46 %. Major driving factors for the increment of human induced land uses in the study area were population Growth; GDP growth and Governmental policy such as, industrialization policy and condominium-housing program. In order to minimize anthropogenic induced impacts on the urban environment in the country, government should revise investment policy and balance investment flow between inter regional and create job for youths in regional towns that can potentially reduce rural urban migration and the demand for urban land. Additionally, developing enough infrastructures to regional towns and foster private investors to invest their capital to regional towns. Moreover, vertical developments should be encouraged. Keywords: Environment Impacts; Government Policy; Land use/Land cover; Urbanization; urban growth modelItem Building Height and Layout analysis for Improved Residential Quarters; The Case of Some Selected Condominium Building Sites of Kolfe Keraniyo Sub-City, Addis Ababa(Addis Ababa University, 2024-03-01) Habtamu Wesebo Lire; Asfaw Mohamed (PhD)This thesis investigates mainly the current housing problems in Addis Ababa, which are getting worse and need an urgent solution. Currently, there are about 950,000 people waiting for the 10/90, 20/80, and 40/60 condominium house schemes. The existing condominiums are built with limited consideration of available space and a low building height without accounting for proper building location, i.e., slope, noise, wind, weather, and sunlight. There are also limited communal parking spaces, green spaces, and recreational areas, and there are cases where those spaces are used for other purposes and are not used by the community. Methodologically, the height regulation building prepared by the Addis Ababa city administration used questionnaires and checklists to collect data. The findings show that there is a lack of building height and layout for regulations condominiums, variations in the standard and existing conditions, a lack of building setbacks, and the condition of buildings contradicting the nearby villages. So, the condominiums that are going to be built at the government level to overcome housing problems require a system that needs to be controlled and completely meet standards. Key words; condominiums, community, building height, building layout, regulations…Item Willingness to Pay and Perception for Preferred Natural Light, View and Space Shape of Condominium, the Case of Baldaras Condominiums, Addis Ababa(Addis Ababa University, 2022-06-01) Bethel Ayalew Zeleke; Amha ErmiasEven though it is taken as common knowledge that natural light, view and the space shape are important attributes of any living space, how significant they are in the eye of the dweller, in what way they are preferred and how those demands can possibly be appreciated financially was the main interest of this paper. The task of satisfying the research intentions was carried out mainly by surveying condominium dwellers attitude towards the significance of natural light, view and space shape and in what way they preferred them, with how much they will be willing to pay to attain them. Another method used was a focus group discussion with professionals involved in the real estate business be it designing, valuing, selling and buying of condominiums to understand the financial influence of the attributes on condominium value. From the data analyzed it can be concluded that natural light, view and space shape are considered as a very significant part of the condominium life, view having a less gradation than the other two. The preferences for natural light were medium to very lit, for view to the green and common area and for space shape rectangular and square were popular choices. With willingness to pay that ranged from 1500 birr to 0. It was concluded that natural light, view and space shape are considered as very significant to the dweller, with a visible willingness to pay that can be processed to be the indicative financial value to the attributes. Key Word: Natural light preference, view preference, space shape preference, willingness to payItem Assessment of infrastructural integration of public transport system and its effect on service provision: The case of Mexico area Addis Ababa(Addis Ababa University, 2023-06-01) Sisay Fantahun Abate; Dagnachew Adugna(PhD)Public transport interchange integration is essential in easing the drawbacks that arises form making transfers. Ease of movement is the driving force of city development. Well integrated interchange smooth ens trips and promotes business and educations to flourish. and so the planning process must be done with that notion behind. This study is targeted at investigating the Mexico area public transport interchanges to check for level of integration, user satisfaction and driving factors. The study location is in Addis Ababa’s heart and near its central business district, which is the Mexico terminal stations. These stations are grouped in to six zones with varying trip direction/destination. In order to conduct the study a survey was conducted intercepting 428 transport users. The survey used variables to measure walking distance and a 5-point Liker scaling for service satisfaction. In addition, to get to the back story and planning process government stakeholders at Addis Ababa city transport bureau were interviewed. The results of the study revealed an average transfer distance of 364 meters crossing as much as three streets to make transfers. The discovered walking distance measures longer than conventional transport dept facility. Furthermore, the observed service was rated poorly across 18 variables that checked for information, time, movement, access, convenience, safety and emergency procedure. Moreover, it was revealed that government priority has shifted away from planning and executing transport interchanges to acquiring new fleets. Another point that was discovered was the change in administration and its consequence. As new administration arrived political will shifted away from interchange planning. The last finding of this study was lack of accountability towards negative actors on site. There was no solution provided after a significant portion of one of the stations was engulfed with construction. Even though a pilot project at Merkato showed how integration can be solved it quickly fail to administrative defects that officials pointed could hamper healthy operation. This study recommends the planning of a one roof interchange where users experience is part of the planning process. Key words: Infrastructural integration, user experience, administrative processItem .Integrating Attributes of Spatial Resilience Into City-Wide Structure Plan of Secondary Cities In Ethiopia: Perspectives From Kombolcha City, Amhara Regional State.(Addis Ababa University, 2022-07-01) Mulugeta Maru; Hailu Worku (ProfessorAccording to existing literature, studying secondary cities in the global south can help us better understand spatial resilience in the face of multivariate, intersecting, and uncertain challenges. As a result, this study attempted to investigate the urban uncertainties affecting the spatial resilience of Kombolcha city in Amhara Regional State and develop strategies to integrate the attributes of resilience into the city's structure plan. Exploratory, descriptive, and explanatory research designs were used in this paper. Ex-ante evaluation of the policy documents and post-ante examination of the city's spatial plans were conducted by employing redundancy, diversity, robustness, and integration principles of spatial resilience as evaluation criteria. The thesis deployed document search as a data collection strategy to examine the policy and planning documents governing structure plan preparation in the country: Urban Development Policy(UDP), Urban Planning Proclamation(UPP), Urban Plan Preparation and Implementation Strategy(UPPIS), Structure Plan Manual(SPM), and the first and second Growth and Transformation (GTP I and II) and the two spatial plans: 2001 Development Plan(DP), the 2011 Structure Plan(SP), including 2020 Existing Land Use(ELU) of Kombolcha city. Questionnaires, site observations, base maps, and key informant interviews were also used to collect empirical data. The sample size for the study was 400 households, and thirty-five key informants were purposefully chosen from various institutions. The SPSS, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), ArcGIS 10.8, and NVivo 12 plus software were applied to conduct qualitative and quantitative analyses. The study's findings revealed seventeen environmental and physical urban problems affecting the spatial resilience of the country's secondary cities. As a result, household respondents perceived deforestation as the top urban problem, while water scarcity and wind were considered the least recurring urban challenges in the city. Aside from these, the city's spatial resilience was harmed by unsustainable material and resource consumption, poor infrastructure, inadequate transportation, and insufficient response measures. The integration principle was well assimilated into the policy documents, followed by redundancy, diversity, and robustness. GTP I and II received the highest values regarding the policy-specific review, whereas UPPIS got the lowest. The non-spatial resilience of the city is further compounded by poor collaboration among land authority, water, green, and utility management institutions during the urban planning process. The absence of shared planning, task alignment, and public disclosure of achievements has also magnified the reappearance of hazards in the city. However, the study revealed that DRR-related information is being shared by community leaders (21%), family members (40%), community-based organizations(11.60%), and local administrations(Kebeles) (12.50%). The survey results further discovered a relationship and commonalities among the urban problems exacerbated by land-use zoning changes and the thriving informal settlements. In addition, the study depicted that the resilience principles had been inconsistently mainstreamed into the policy documents. Despite the spatial plans' optimistic visions of addressing hazards and anthropogenic pressures, their practical implementation remains challenging. Though the critical system operators were not collaborating, so does the engagement of local administrations in DRR is not uniform and convincing. However, the participation of communities in DRR is encouraging. Therefore, improving secondary cities' coping, adaptation, and governance systems is timely and critical. Furthermore, local governments in secondary cities commit to localizing global initiatives, setting and enforcing strict local resource utilization strategies, and improving living conditions within their cities. Keywords: Household perceptions; Spatial resilience; Urban Problems; Hazard recurrence; Secondary cities; Collaboration; Disaster Risk ReductionItem Evaluating the impact of new overpass bridge of a roundabout Compared to Previous Roundabout: The Case of Imperial-Gerji(Addis Ababa University, 2023-11-01) Desalegn Aragaw; Berhanu Woldetensae (Associated Professor)Roundabout is a form of crossroads that provides traffic control indirectly without the use of traffic signals. When compared to stop-controlled and signal-controlled intersections, roundabouts can improve both safety and traffic flow. Congestion is the biggest issue with roundabouts, and levels fluctuate throughout time, with a visible surge during the commute to work. Because the majority of pedestrians are wounded in automotive accidents, efforts to improve their safety have focused on reducing pedestrian traffic. Poor road design and a lack of physical roundabout elements have a substantial impact on roundabout capacity and traffic congestion. The objective of this research is to address the critical aspect and effect of a new overpass bridge operational performance, level of service, and capacity analysis of the Imperial-Gerji roundabout. This study used quantitative research methodology, which makes use of numerical data. Geometric data and a traffic volume survey A field survey was conducted to assess the general geometric condition of roundabouts for this study. Traffic volume studies were also carried out to determine the number, movement, and classifications of vehicles at the chosen roundabout approaches. For this study, skilled people manually collected traffic data using a vehicle statistic. According to the findings of SIDRA intersection 9.1 software programs, the degree of congestion at the roundabout is 1.721, which is significantly beyond the recommended criteria for providing a sufficient level of service. As a result, the delay resulted in an overall fuel consumption of 1095.3L/H, a CO2 emission of 2573.9Kg/h, a hydro carbonate emission of 0.288Kg/h, and nitrogen oxides (NOX) emission of 0.589, indicating that the congestion had an effect on the environment According to the analysis, the level of service provided by the Imperial-Gerji intersection prior to the construction of the overpass bridge was F it mean that more traffic is coming and indicating inadequate comfort and increased accident risk, whereas the level of service provided by the intersection after the construction of the overpass bridge was LOS B it mean that continuous traffic flow, and. also indicating continuous traffic flow with substantial control over operational conditions. The following recommendations have been forwarded to important stakeholders for consideration. Imperial-gerji roundabout geometric components should be updated and built in accordance with modern roundabout design rules since they are quite valuable in terms of capability and traffic safety. Proposed building an additional overpass bridge from Hayahulete to Gerji, comparable to the one built from Megenagna to Bole, to improve the capability of a crossroads during peak hours. Keywords: Roundabout, Overpass Bridge, Capacity Analysis, Sidra intersection 9.1, CongestionItem Investigating City Growth Parameters for Emerging Towns in Ethiopia: The Case of Adadi Mariam, Bishan Guracha, and Ginchi Towns in Oromia Regional State.(Addis Ababa University, 2023-11-01) Gezu Yadete Kumbi; Berhanu Woldetensae (Associate Professor)Urbanization is a burning issue in developing countries like Ethiopia. However, the process does not happen all at once; rather, factors that occur gradually determine a city's spatial growth to attain its full capacity for expansion. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate growth-driving parameters and indicate ways of managing urban spatial growth in the emerging towns of Adadi Mariam, Bishan Guracha, and Ginchi in Oromia Regional State in Ethiopia. The methods applied for the study were a cross-sectional study using descriptive and explanatory research approaches to identify parameters contributing to spatial growth in these towns. Thirteen (13) parameters were developed and ranked using snowball sampling techniques. Eighty (80) questionnaires for Ginchi town, seventy-five (75) for Bishan Guracha, and sixty-five (65) for Adadi Mariam were used for each town. Then detailed interviews were conducted with six (6) key informants from each town to understand the top-five ranked parameters' level of influence over the last 20 years. The result showed that the top-five growth parameters of the towns vary. The existence of a tourist attraction center, the provision of market service, proximity to major towns, the addition of new education services, and a specialty in agricultural productivity were the top-five ranked parameters for Adadi Mariam, respectively. Land and housing rent value, political decision influence, proximity to major towns, proximity to industries, and land topography ranked 1-4, while climate condition and the existence of a tourism attraction center ranked 5th for Bishan Guracha. Similarly, transportation accessibility, provision of market service, location on the national road, provision of administrative services, and addition of new educational services are the top five identified growth parameters for Ginchi town. Generally, Adadi Mariam town is mainly a religious event and tourism-dependent town. Whereas, land value and politics due to its location between Hawassa and Shashemene towns influenced Bishan Guracha highly. Ginchi town mainly developed due to its transportation connectivity with many woredas and other towns. Thus, techniques and strategies based on an understanding of the potentials of each town and development gaps that strengthen growth parameters should be applied to help the growth of emerging towns. Keywords: emerging towns; growth parameters; spatial growth; top-five ranked parametersItem Assessing the Driving Factors And Actors for the Land Use/ Land Cover Changes of Dessie City, Amhara Region, Ethiopia(Addis Ababa University, 2023-12-01) Eden Shimelis Worku; Birhanu Girma (PhD)This study evaluated the effects of migration on the land use and land cover of Dessie city between the years 2016 and 2022. Dessie cities informal settlement has led to uncontrollable changes in land use and cover, converting agricultural and protected forest areas to residential areas. Through the identification of motivating factors and actors, the use of spatial analysis of remote sensing, GIS tools, and survey methodologies, the study was carried out using both qualitative and quantitative approaches. In order to determine the perception of office workers and the community of the city on the factors and players who contribute greatly to the land use and land cover of the Dessie city, the primary data were gathered through questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and observations and satellite images were used as data sources to gather the secondary data. The study's findings significantly indicated that built-up areas expanded from 3,467.8 ha in 2016 to 7937.5 ha in 2022 while Agricultural land declined from 6,428.9 hectares in 2016 to 4462.7 ha in 2022. Based on the findings, the study also came to the conclusion that the main driving forces behind the change in land use/ land cover of the city were population growth, employment opportunities, issues with instability, unrestricted access to property, housing preferences, urban topography, and city’s plans, as well as actors like land brokers, local farmers, experts, and government officials. Finally, the research recommends to curb track of changes in land use /land cover and developments should be carried out properly in accordance with a planned strategy, there is a need in effective land management and monitoring technologies in order to guarantee a proper usage of land. Key words: Actors, Driving Factors, Informal settlement, Land Use, Land cover change, MigrationItem An Assessment of Urban Land Use Plan Implementation Challenges in Oromia Region: The Case of Dukem Town(Addis Ababa University, 2023-09-01) Gezahegn Birku; Birhanu Girma (PhD)Land use planning is a critical tool for managing and regulating the use of land in towns and cities. However, implementing land use plans in Dukem town can be challenging, due to a variety of factors, including plan violation, informal settlement, and land use incompatibly and lack of community participation. By observing the problem, this study focuses on major causes and the consequences of urban land use plan implementation challenges Dukem town. It identify the most common challenges that the sub city face, and discuss the factors that contribute to these challenges. Research approach of explanatory with survey methods were used in the research. Descriptive statics and analysis with detailed contextual reviews were widely undertaken throughout the research. The result of the study shows that, the major challenges of land use plan implementation includes: corruption, increase illegal expansion, and environmental pollution, lack of land use plan management system. Accordingly, the result of the explanation of the consequences of the failed urban land use plan implementation: expansion of in formal settlement; decrease of land value and produces an irregular and aesthetically poor town are the major effects that are challenging the sub city. Generally the study shows that, Dukem town faces many challenges in land use plan implementation which hinder the development of the town. Finally the research recommends: preventing unlawful settlement before any building begins; increasing community participation in land plan preparation and implementation; and regularly monitoring and evaluation of the plan's implementation. Keywords: Planning, Urbanization, Urban Land, Peri-urban, Plan ImplementationItem Strategies for Managing and Mitigating Flood Challenges Towards Sustainable Urban Planning: Case of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia(Addis Ababa University, 2024-05-01) Betelhem Shimelis; Aramde Fetene (PhD)Urban flooding poses significant challenges to cities worldwide, and Addis Ababa, the capital city of Ethiopia, is no exception. As urbanization accelerates and climate change impacts become more pronounced, understanding and effectively managing flood risk in Addis Ababa are imperative for ensuring the city's resilience and sustainable development. This study aims to develop a comprehensive framework for urban flood risk management in Addis Ababa, integrating urban planning, environmental sustainability, and disaster risk reduction strategies. Primary data collection involved key informant interviews (KII), focus group discussions, and field observations, supplemented by secondary data obtained from online sources and relevant organizations. The collected data were analyzed using both qualitative and quantitative methods. Qualitative data from KII and focus group discussions were thematically analyzed to identify key factors influencing flood risk and the effectiveness of existing institutional frameworks and policies. Additionally, quantitative data were presented and interpreted using tables, graphs, and charts to visualize trends and patterns in flood vulnerability, institutional strengths and weaknesses, and policy effectiveness. Findings reveal that Addis Ababa's institutional frameworks for flood mitigation and disaster risk reduction are governed by entities such as the Addis Ababa City Disaster Risk Management Commission (AACDRMC), the City Master Plan, the Environmental Protection Authority (AAEPA), the City Roads Authority (AACRA), and the Water and Sewerage Authority (AAWSA). Existing policies encompass flood risk management, urban development, building codes, environmental protection, disaster preparedness, and land use regulations. Advantages of Addis Ababa's current institutional structures and policies include collaboration and coordination, a robust regulatory framework, environmental protection measures, and capacity building. However, weaknesses persist, including inadequate infrastructure, limited public engagement and awareness, inconsistent enforcement of regulations, and insufficient financial resources. Based on these findings, key recommendations include the implementation of integrated flood planning and infrastructure, the development of climate-resilient infrastructure, community engagement and awareness initiatives, and strengthened regulatory enforcement mechanisms. Key words: Urban flooding, Environmental sustainability, Public engagement, Resilience xItem The Policy Paradox of Metropolitan Compact Development: The Historical and Socio-Cultural Dimensions in Addis Ababa’s Modernization(Addis Ababa University, 2024-07-01) Matiyas Bekele Fantaye; Tibebu Assefa (Assoc Prof ); Liku Workalemahu (Ass Prof )Abstract The critiques of metropolitan modernization sideline the nexus of the global and national policy constraint for adapting socio-culturally sustainable and landscapebased models in the context of capital city planning. Addis Ababa’s context is relevant due to its exemplary historical and contemporary cases: The earlier modernization endeavors fulfilled against the medieval model foundation of the traditional settlement have still continued devoid of a strong moral basis. This doctoral essay aims to argue that the Compact City policy intensified in the last two decades will have dire socio-cultural implications, owing to the city’s radical image building historical legacy as well as the global pressure. The criticism necessitated to meet three objectives: the first was to elaborate how the medieval traditions by which the city was formed resisted the early modernization trends (Weatherization, capitalistic); whereas the second characterized the post-War architectural marvels from the international historical perspective. The third examined the current policy implications in relation to the previous two. For this purpose, a flexible multi-method and multiple case-studies research design was employed to generate the relevant data from primary and secondary sources, including historical documents, city plans, accessible (authoritative) evaluation reports, and site observations. The analogical induction between the main concern of the contemporarily adapted model of sustainability and the motives of the historical modernization policy infer the The Policy Paradox of Metropolitan Compact Development IV problematic position of the diplomatic, capital city, as pressured to ambitiously look modern. In conclusion, such radical urban transformation drives (i.e. city image building obsession devoid of the optimal development rate) will undermine the local community, urban heritage conservation-based development as well as institutional resilience (capacity building). The insight is significant for the debate on the SubSaharan political economy of metropolitan modernity, suggesting the real intentions of the preference to certain types of ‘sustainability’ strategies, in addition to the predicaments of globalization (late capitalism) for equitable urban transition. Key: Metropolitan Modernization Sustainability, Historical-Institutional Challenges, Socio-Cultural Challenges, Addis Ababa City Plans, Urban Sustainability Models, Compact City Policy, Equitable Urban TransitionItem The Policy Paradox of Metropolitan Compact Development: The Historical and Socio-Cultural Dimensions in Addis Ababa’s Modernization(Addis Ababa University, 2024-07-01) Matiyas Bekele Fantaye; Tibebu Assefa (Assoc. Prof); Liku Workalemahu (Ass. Prof\)The critiques of metropolitan modernization sideline the nexus of the global and national policy constraint for adapting socio-culturally sustainable and land scapebased models in the context of capital city planning. Addis Ababa’s context is relevant due to its exemplary historical and contemporary cases: The earlier modernization endeavors fulfilled against the medieval model foundation of the traditional settlement have still continued devoid of a strong moral basis. This doctoral essay aims to argue that the Compact City policy intensified in the last two decades will have dire socio-cultural implications, owing to the city’s radical imagebuilding historical legacy as well as the global pressure. The criticism necessitated to meet three objectives: the first was to elaborate how the medieval traditions by which the city was formed resisted the early modernization trends (Westernization, capitalistic); whereas the second characterized the post-War architectural marvels from the international historical perspective. The third examined the current policy implications in relation to the previous two. For this purpose, a flexible multi-method and multiple case-studies research design was employed to generate the relevant data from primary and secondary sources, including historical documents, city plans, accessible (authoritative) evaluation reports, and site observations. The analogical induction between the main concern of the contemporarily adapted model of sustainability and the motives of the historical modernization policy infer the The Policy Paradox of Metropolitan Compact Development IV problematic position of the diplomatic, capital city, as pressured to ambitiously look modern. In conclusion, such radical urban transformation drives (i.e. city image building obsession devoid of the optimal development rate) will undermine the local community, urban heritage conservation-based development as well as institutional resilience (capacity building). The insight is significant for the debate on the Sub Saharan political economy of metropolitan modernity, suggesting the real intentions of the preference to certain types of ‘sustainability’ strategies, in addition to the predicaments of globalization (late capitalism) for equitable urban transition. Key: Metropolitan Modernization Sustainability, Historical-Institutional Challenges, Socio-Cultural Challenges, Addis Ababa City Plans, Urban Sustainability Models, Compact City Policy, Equitable Urban TransitionItem Investigating the Causes of Stormwater Drain Failure: The Case of Akaki Kality Subcity,(Addis Ababa University, 2024-05-01) Eyerusalem Shimelis; Hayal Desta (PhD)Ditch, channel, river, stream, pond, and lake drainages are essentially constructions that gather, transport, and discharge runoff from the surface of road pavements and other catchment areas to artificial or natural waterways. Drainage issues might be the result of improper design, use, or construction and poor waste disposal practices. Storm runoff overflows drainage channels, spews debris, floods pavements, obstructs traffic, and causes accidents, as seen in the majority of Addis Abeba city roads. Water on the road can cause traffic jams, impair traction, raise the risk of hydroplaning, diminish vision owing to splash and spray, and make it harder to drive a car when the front wheels hit puddles. The objective of this study is to examine the reasons for and effects of drainage failure in the Akaki Kality. Drainage systems are essential for managing rainwater runoff and avoiding flooding. However, Akaki Kality has recently been plagued by substantial drainage issues, leading to flooding, property destruction, and public health problems. Thus, to address this issue, a comprehensive study conducted to recognize the primary causes of drainage failure in the area. Data was gathered using a variety of methods, including surveys, site visits, interviews, observation, and photography, and is then assembled and shaped using the SPSS analysis. Residents who live close to the research area's corridor and offices that deal directly with drainage were called and given the questionnaire. The data indicated that sedimentation, litter, and debris buildup are the main causes of drainage system failure in the study area. Residents' waste dumping into the channels, inadequate channel size, and shoddy construction work are the culprits. In order to control, direct, and monitor the design and construction of storm runoff drainages, to regularly inventory drainage assets & furniture, to draft drainage master plans, to raise awareness of solid waste disposal, to routinely clean the channels, and to upgrade existing structures, municipalities must establish a legally required and dedicated drainage department. The study's findings help us comprehend the difficulties and complexity of drainage failure in Ethiopia, with an emphasis on the Akaki Kality sub-city. The findings will give urban planners, decision-makers, and local authorities useful information for creating sustainable drainage systems that can survive the effects of climate change and increased urbanization. Keywords: Debris, Drainage, Drainage failure, Flooding, Runoff, Waste disposalItem Assessment of Resident’s Perception of Open Spaces Uses, Values, and Protection in Addis Ababa: The Case of Arada Sub-City(Addis Ababa University, 2024-03-01) Bethelhem Mekuria; Liku Workalemahu (PhD)In Addis Ababa's bustling Arada sub city, a crucial challenge persists: a lack of well-designed and accessible green spaces. These havens, vital for residents' health and well-being, offer recreation, relaxation, social interaction, and environmental benefits. Yet, many in Arada lack equitable access, highlighting the need for transformation. Through surveys, interviews, and observations, this study delved into user perceptions, revealing several key hurdles: limited public awareness of green spaces' benefits, exclusion from planning processes, ineffective policy implementation, lack of essential features like maintenance and amenities, resource constraints, unsustainable practices, and fragmented stakeholder coordination. However, hope remains. By addressing these challenges, we can foster thriving green spaces in Arada. Empowering communities through participatory planning, maintenance training, and micro-grants fosters ownership and long-term sustainability. Creative design solutions like "pocket parks" and multi functional spaces maximize accessibility and utility. Collaborative n partnerships leverage diverse expertise, while dedicated government support ensures long-term success. This vision requires a long-term commitment, but the reward is immeasurable: a healthier, happier, and more resilient Arada, where green spaces flourish in the heart of the city, becoming vibrant hubs for recreation, social interaction, and environmental sustainability. Key :Words: Open Space, open space user, Planning and design, level of awareness, user’sItem Monitoring Urban Wetlands for Sustainable Urban Planning: The Case of Bahir-Dar City, Ethiopia(Addis Ababa University, 2024-05-01) Dawit Malede; Asfaw Mohamed (PhD)The urban wetland ecosystem is the most overlooked habitat, and its services and values have not been well appraised. There are many wetlands in Bahir Dar city, but it hasn’t received adequate attention and acknowledgment. By observing the problem, this study has been conducted to assess urban wetland monitoring in Bahir Dar city for sustainable urban planning and management. In the study, an explanatory research approach was employed along with survey methods. Throughout the investigation, a lot of descriptive statistics and analysis were conducted, together with thorough contextual assessments. The wetland dynamics quantification, which is based on satellite imagery is utilized to assess the biophysical environment using ArcGIS and Envi-Met simulation modeling tools; residents, governmental and non-governmental organizations are also considered to assess the socioeconomic aspects. In the end, the study identified around 20 wetlands in the city, with 45% being perennial and 55% exhibiting seasonal variations. These wetlands have great ecological importance to the residents of the city. However, poor solid and liquid waste management, lack of awareness, lack of legal framework, and urbanization are the primary challenges wetlands face to function sustainably in the urban landscapes of the study area. The study concludes that the benefits of wetland landscapes are not adequately prioritized by urban planners and decision-makers, which impedes their potential benefits. Finally, the research recommends the improvement of waste management, raising stakeholder awareness, strengthening legal frameworks, and monitoring urbanization that can ensure the ecological importance of wetlands for dwellers. Key terms: urban wetlands, wetland ecosystem, sustainable urban planning, ecosystem functions, Bahir DarItem The Quest For Planning Models to Ethnically Enclave Gambella City, Ethiopia(Addis Ababa University, 2024-07-01) Simon Mun Wal; Tibebu Asseffa Woldeamanuel (PhD)The study explores planning models for the ethnic enclave of Glabella City, Ethiopia. An ethnic enclave is a residential area where a high concentration of the same ethnic group is often observed. These settlement areas may have formed voluntarily or involuntarily. In Glabella, an ethnic enclave refers to the concentration of the same ethnic group in specific areas of the city's spatial space. The factors associated with the formation of ethnic enclave and its implications on the development were unclear to many people since 1907. It never been under consideration before, even though ethnic enclave settlements are not new to other parts of the world. The study aimed to explore the factors associated with ethnic enclave settlements, their implications on development, and their segregation levels. The study also aimed to examine the policy and planning models in place since the formation of Glabella and develop a suitable protocol for the city. The study used a mixed approach for data collection, which included both qualitative and quantitative data. The population of the study was drawn from 65,091 (CSA, 2018 population projection) with a household of 16,129. To select the target population for this study, researchers used the Kothari (2004) formula, resulting in 500 households for the survey. Data collection was done using simple random sampling techniques and purposive sampling, supported by land inventory (2016). Observations, interviews, and focus group discussions were the main sources for data collection. Data analysis was carried out using RStudio (2020 and 2021) with a slight use of GIS 10.4. Descriptive from multinomial logistic regression analysis (MLRA), multi-regression analysis, and spatial visualization utilized for analysis. The data presentation was done through tables, graphics, box plots, jitter plots, descriptive visualizations, and interpretations. In simpler terms, ethnic enclave settlement in Glabella City is associated with demographic, socioeconomic, location preferences, and human actions that attract and forced residents to cluster. The consequences of ethnic enclave settlement in Glabella City include variations in sociospatial, economic, environmental, and infrastructure development. This amplifies a high level of residential segregation due to the rapid changes in social, spatial, economic, and political dimensions from ethnic enclave settlements. Moreover, the lack of clear policies and guidelines for residential settlement exacerbates the effect of enclaves in Glabella city. To ensure livability and sustainable development in Glabella City, the best approach would be to implement an inclusive multicultural city Kuajang planning model a mixed of Salad bowl and melting pot suitable for the ethnic enclave city. This model should aim to promote diversity and integration among different ethnic groups, creating a more cohesive and harmonious community. By addressing spatial and non- spatial segregation, Glabella City can work towards a more equitable and inclusive environment for all residents. This approach would involve creating mixed-use developments that cater to the needs of various ethnic groups, promoting interaction and understanding among residents. Additionally, investing in infrastructure and public spaces that are accessible to all residents as the is considered a property owned by every resident. This can help foster a sense of belonging and unity in different in the city. By embracing diversity and implementing inclusive policies, Glabella City can truly thrive as a multicultural hub where all residents can live, work, and play together harmoniously. Keywords: Glabella city, Ethnic enclave, Development spectrums, Segregation, inclusive multicultural planning modelItem Integrating Transport and Land Use Planning Strategies for Sustainable Development in Addis Ababa: The Case Study of Lamberet Round About (Northern Bus Station)-Wosen-Mesalemiya-Kotebe Metropolitan University 02 Kotebe Corridor(Addis Ababa University, 2024-03-01) Yigzaw Shewaye; Berhanu Woldetensae (PhD)The integration of transport and land use is crucial for sustainable urban structures, but the study area as well as the city face challenges due to a lack of coordination between these sectors due to the traditional separation of sectorial functions into different government agencies, despite the city government's efforts. The objective of this study is to investigate ways of achieving sustainable development for integrated transport and land use planning strategies by evaluating the key elements and barriers to integration and proposing some possible solutions. The main research instruments used were document analysis and review, a questionnaire survey, and observation. Within these phenomena, varieties of socio-spatial data were collected from different sources and analyzed using various analytical techniques using ArcGIS and Excel. Then, the study analyzed and evaluated the key elements of integration; based on distribution of population density, land use mix, neighborhood design and layout, parking facilities, road accident, pollution, accessibilities, and assess way of integration development from secondary documents.in addition to this structured questionnaires were distributed to collect data from stake holders that involved in land use planning and transport planning in city administration. Density distribution is inversely related to both household ownership or uses and household annual vehicle traveled. There are several local streets that are directly linked and radiate with arterials, which may be due to poor road design or implementation. In addition, based on the accessibility indicator, the majority of the sub-city residents and study areas are disadvantaged and forced to walk more than the recommended standard value. The overall results obtained through the various analysis methods were used to develop further recommendations about how to integrate transport and land use planning strategies. Diversity of land use categories should be practiced during new settlement, infill development and other development mechanisms by keeping mix ratio standard. The separation of the pedestrian from the vehicle by providing adequate sidewalks is critical to enhancing the safety, security, and convenience of pedestrian users. Providing spaces/access for street vendors is important to increase the existing walkway capacities. Integrating transport and land use planning should start with the early planning process. A coordinated approach to transportation and land use planning resulted for many benefits to the sub-city residents and likely to become attractive for development. So that the government and other stake holders should support these two sectors. Key words: Land use planning, Sustainable development, Integration, Transport planningItem A Dissertation Submitted to the Office of Graduate Program of the Ethiopian Institute of Architecture, Building Construction and City Development (EiABC), Addis Ababa University(Addis Ababa University, 2024-07-01) Esubalew Nebebe Mekonnen; Ephrem Gebremariam (PhD)Climate variability significantly impacts global environmental conditions, with developing countries like Ethiopia experiencing adverse consequences. This study broadly covered the spatiotemporal urban climate variability and UHI analysis of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Grid meteorological datasets consisted of monthly precipitation, maximum, and minimum temperature extending from 1981 to 2018, with a spatial resolution of 4x4 km, obtained from the National Meteorology Agency. Auxiliary data was obtained from the Ethiopian Geospatial Institute. Coefficient of variation (CV) and standardized anomaly index (SAI) were used to examine the rate and amplitude of temperature and rainfall dynamics. A geostatistical model, ordinary kriging, was employed to spatially interpolate both rainfall and temperature datasets. Mann-Kendall (MK), Modified Mann-Kendall test (MMK), Sen's Slope (SS) estimator, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and T-test were employed to determine the significant level, trends, and dimensions at monthly, annual, seasonal, and decadal levels. To scrutinize the rate of surface temperature anomalies caused by land use dynamics, Landsat 5TM (1985), Landsat 8OLI/TIRS (2020), and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) were employed. An object-oriented supervised classification with maximum likelihood methods was performed. The Mono-window algorithm, spectral radiance, brightness temperature (BT), and land surface emissivity (LSE) were computed to estimate the land surface temperature (LST). Geospatial technologies, “R” programming, JMP, and origin software were utilized. The findings of the study revealed that the monthly, annual, and seasonal temperatures increased significantly except in the months of January and September. The decadal extreme maximum temperature has exorbitantly risen by 2.7 °C. Moreover, the average decadal maximum and minimum temperatures increased by 1.88 °C and 1.72 °C, respectively. The highest temperature occurred during the spring (Belg) season. The PCA analysis results divulge that the first two PCAs account for 90% of the temperature variations. Conversely, the annual, Kiremt (main rainy) and Belg seasons' rainfall displayed low to moderate variability with CV < 20% and CV < 30%, respectively. The Bega season’s variability was extreme, with a CV > 70%. In contrast, the decadal rainfall variability was very low (CV<10%). From October to March there was extreme inter-monthly variability rainfall with a CV>100%. The trends of rainfall decreased in all months and seasons, except Kiremt and the months of May, June, and September. However, none of the changes were statistically significant (P>0.05). Regarding LST, the built-up area proliferated significantly from 195 km2 (37.5%) in 1985 to 326.3km2 (62.8%) in 2020. The average maximum LST increment was detected on built ups, rose by 2.68°C, while bare land grew by 2.64°C. This implied that the land cover dynamics contributed to the increasing trend of the mean LST from 27.2°C in 1985 to 29°C in 2020. Addis Ketema, Arada, Kirkos, and Lideta sub-cities experienced the utmost increase in LST, ranging from 2.79 °C to 4.72 °C. In conclusion, this study offers an indispensable insight into the fluctuation of temperatures, precipitation, and warming tendencies observed in Addis Ababa. The findings underscore the pressing need for the implementation of climate adaptation strategies and policy measures. Keywords: Addis Ababa; climate variability; Geospatial; spatio-temporal; Mann-Kendall, PCA, EthiopiaItem Assessment of Land Management Problems In Addisababa: The Case of Yeka Sub-City(Addis Ababa University, 2024-06-01) Kaleb Tesfaye; Birhanu Girma (PhD)The objective of this study was to assess the challenges of land management services delivery in Addis Ababa City Administration, The case of Yeka Sub-City. Therefore, the study design was descriptive case study. Data was collected from primary and secondary sources. Primary data was obtained through questionnaire from 82 selected respondents (customers) using simple random sampling technique and data from key respondents as such 133 experts and 14 process owners & managers through questionnaires and interviews from Landholdings registration information agency, Title administration transitional period service project office and Land development city renewal sub-city Branch Office. The key respondents were selected using non- probability purposive sampling technique. Secondary data involved reviewing relevant published and unpublished reports, procedural manuals and other relevant documents. Data collected through survey questionnaire was entered in to SPSS for statistical analysis, and data collected through interviews were analyzed using narrative description method. This study found out that the existing urban land management and service delivery process of Landholdings registration information agency, Title administration transitional period service project office and Land development city renewal sub-city Branch offices of Yeka sub-city are characterized by lack of clearly defined legal framework to control illegal settlement, weak organizational structure and implementation capacity, uncontained reforms, inefficient and unsatisfactory service delivery due to long waiting time and poor coordination among the offices, poor or un scientific land use plan and lack of well-organized land information system. The paper recommends on the need for strengthening capacity of the offices to enable them to develop clear and harmonized land policies and guidelines. Intensive capacity building activities should be carried out. Additional activities must also be implemented to promote urban land related services in a transparent, accountable, sustainable, effective and efficient manner with good land governance. Key Words: Land Management and Land Management Service Delivery