Urban Planning
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Item Assessment of Structure Plan Violations and Mitigation Strategies in Nifas Silk Lafto Sub-City, Addis Ababa(Addis Ababa University, 2025-06-01) Zelalem Tamru; Berhanu Woldetensae (Associate professor)Addis Ababa has been experiencing rapid urbanization that has profound impact leading to structure plan violations that undermine the envisaged city’s development. Nifas Silk Lafto SubCity, as one of the expansion area has been facing such viloations and related challenges such as unauthorized land use changes, encroachment on green areas, noncompliance with building height regulations, and obstruction of road rights-of-way. These violations reflect weak governance and socio-economic pressures that compromise the city’s structural plan and longterm livability. This study assessed the extent, causes, and impacts of such violations, and explored possible mitigation strategies. A mixed-methods design was applied, combining descriptive surveys with qualitative and quantitative approaches. Data were gathered from 120 respondents through questionnaires, interviews, and field observations, supplemented by secondary sources. It used analytical tools that included frequency distributions, percentages, tables, charts, and spatial mapping. The findings indicate that rapid urbanization, population pressure, weak institutional capacity, and corruption are the main drivers of plan violations. Some of the outcomes include shrinkages in green space coverage, reduction in right-of-way spacxe and violstions of the building height regulations. It is then recommended to strengthen institutional and legal frameworks, enhance enforcement mechanisms, and apply technological tools such as GIS and other applicable monitoring tools. monitoring. Moreover the promotion of community participation, awareness campaigns, and transparent governance are also beneficial in mitigating plan violations. KeyWords: Land use violation, Building height violation, Road plan violation, Green area encroachment.Item Spatial dynamics and morphological relations in the emergence of urban forms in Dire Dawa(Addis Ababa University, 2024-09-01) Samuel Asfaw Zelelew; Zegeye Cherenet Mamo (Asstociate Professor)This dissertation delves into the morphogenesis of Ethiopian cities, focusing on Dire Dawa. Leveraging Conzen's morphological evolutionary technique, the study conducts a meticulous physical examination of Dire Dawa's morphology, augmented by maps and detailed interviews to reconstruct its early spatial organization. Exploring the sustainability of land-use transformations, the research scrutinizes consequences of formal and organic planning interventions. Analyzing land-use mix and open space ratio across six cases from three morphological periods, a declining trend in mixed-land use intensity is observed, particularly at the plot scale. Moreover, a shift from the historic core to the periphery correlates with reduced mixed-land use intensity at the neighborhood level, emphasizing challenges in maintaining sustainable urban form. To address this, integration of principles from organic development and formal planning is advocated, emphasizing the importance of balanced mix of uses. Furthermore, the study investigates spatial transformation events and emergent urban forms in Dire Dawa, examining interplay between formal planning intervention and spontaneous developments. Utilizing Spacematrix software, the research identifies dominance of point-type low-rise developments in organically developed areas, contrasting with prevalence of block-type low-rise and mid-rise forms in plan-driven developments. Rising trends in floor space index and spatial coverage patterns indicate growing concern for space efficiency and sustainable development, particularly in outlying areas. However, density of street network in organically developed portions surpasses formally planned areas, highlighting relevance of organic development concepts. Lastly, the dissertation examines correlation between street width and land use patterns, elucidating impact of street hierarchy on land use intensity across different developmental periods. Utilizing mixed-methods case study design, four land use categories are identified and their relationship with street width evaluated. Findings underscore variability of this connection based on morphological periods and urban planning interventions, advocating for well-designed land use policies accommodating both formal and informal developments. Keywords: Morphological evolution, Urban morphology, Sustainability, Land-use transformation, Spatial dynamics, Street hierarchy, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia.Item Analysis of Land Use /Land Cover Dynamics In Relation to Urban Expansion: The Case of Hawassa City, Ethiopia(Addis Ababa University, 2025-04-01) Mefekir Woldegebriel Tessema; Birhanu Girma Abebe ( Associate Professor)Land Use and Land Cover Changes (LULC) are some of the worldwide factors that have the most impact on city growth. This study examines land use and land cover changes in relation to urban expansion in Hawassa City. The objectives of the study include quantifying land use and land cover changes over three decades, examining public perception on urban green infrastructure and land use management, physical and socio-economic driving forces of land use and land cover change, and identifying challenges of urban land management. The data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, and key interviews. Finally, the data were analyzed in different ways, using figures and tables, for example. Descriptive and econometric models were also used to analyze the data and probit regression models were used to investigate the impact of urban expansion on the livelihood of displaced farmers in the surrounding area. The study used multi-spectral satellite images from 1990 and 2020, and employed packages like QGIS version 3.2, ArcGIS 10.3, ENVI 4.2, and ERDAS Imagine 2013 for image classification. Descriptive and econometric analyses were used to analyze both quantitative and qualitative data using SPSS version 25. Multivariate analysis of variance indicated that the effect of urban expansion on the combined dependent variables, namely, on land use, socioeconomic activities, culture, and environmental change, is statistically significant F(8, 616) =12.704, p = 0.000, Wilk’s Lambda (λ) = .737, partial eta squared(partial η2) = 0.142, observed power = 1.000. Comparatively, the area covered by farmland, built-up areas, and bushland increased from 19.46% to 26.51%, 11.97% to 18.71%, and 3.07% to 4.51%, respectively. Hawassa City has developed very rapidly, growing from a surface coverage of 4.98 km2 in the 1983s to built-up area coverage of around 48.29 km2 in 2018. The mean score for the level of social relationship and values after land expropriation was 1.7 moderate, with a standard deviation of 0.852 in comparison with the mean score for the level of social relationship and values before land expropriation, which was 3.21 high, with a standard deviation of 0.79. There isn’t much of a difference between them in the second category, where the lease price was increased from the starting price by (457%) from 2015 to 2016. The f-statics or f-ratio were 91.656 and the sign value of highly significant as (p=.000 Keywords: Change detection, Green Infrastructure, Land Use/ Land Cover, Informal Settlement, Probit model, Urban Expansion.Item Assessment of Road Project Delay Factors: in the Case of Addis Ababa(Addis Ababa University, 2025-06-01) Yared Alemu; Dagnachew Adugna (PhD)Road construction is a vital component of national development, particularly in rapidly urbanizing cities such as Addis Ababa. Despite ongoing infrastructure investments, persistent delays in project execution continue to undermine economic efficiency and public service delivery. This study investigates the key factors contributing to delays in road construction projects under the Addis Ababa City Roads Authority (AACRA) and proposes strategies to mitigate them. A quantitative research approach was employed, using structured questionnaires administered to 104 professionals from client organizations, consulting firms, and contracting companies. The collected data were analyzed using the Relative Importance Index (RII) to rank delay factors based on stakeholder perception. The findings reveal that the most significant causes of delay include delayed utility relocation's, price escalation of construction materials, prolonged land compensation processes, foreign currency shortages, and poor contractor management. Other notable factors include inadequate supervision, delayed design approvals, and shortages of materials and equipment. Based on these results, the study recommends: (1) enhancing inter-agency coordination to streamline utility relocation and land compensation processes; (2) improving contractor prequalification and performance monitoring; and (3) establishing reliable financing and foreign currency allocation mechanisms. The study contributes valuable insights for policymakers, project managers, and stakeholders aiming to improve the efficiency and timeliness of urban infrastructure delivery in Addis Ababa. Keywords: Road construction delays, project management, urban infrastructure, Addis Ababa City Roads Authority (AACRA), Relative Importance Index (RII)Item Institutional Level Land Use Land Cover Green Infrastructure Assessment As A Means For Storm Water Runoff Management:(Addis Ababa University, 2025-06-01) Mandefro Berihun; Dagnachew Adugna (Phd)Item practice and Defiance of Urban Land Administration: An Empirical Study In The Case of Lami- Kura Sub City(Addis Ababa University, 2025-02-01) Tsegaye Mulugeta; Birhanu Girma (PhD)Reducing poverty and attaining sustainable development depend heavily on effective land administration. Consequently, an effective urban land delivery system relays on sound governance in land management. The objective of this study was to evaluate the Lami-Kura Sub city's urban land administration practice and defiance. A concurrent nested design was used in this research. 392 stakeholders provided information via questionnaires. Additionally, interviews were done with officeholders who were specifically chosen. The mean, standard deviation, Pearson correlation, case study and logistic regression were used to display the data analysis results and show how the independent and dependent variables related to one another. The major findings demonstrated that participation, responsiveness, accountability, transparency, equity, efficiency, and effectiveness all components of good urban land administration are not being applied correctly. Insufficient funding, a shortage of qualified human resources, lack of dedication, unclear rules and regulations, budget shortage, and rent-seeking manner are the main barriers to effective urban land management. As a result, citizens are unhappy with the way the urban land administration system is implemented. Therefore, the government ought to reevaluate and bolstering urban land institutions. Lastly, strengthening the land management institutions' capabilities, establishing a clear definition of the purpose, mandate, and coordination of the various stakeholders and departments that are involved in the land management process were recommended for the local stakeholders Keywords: Municipal land; Land administration; Challenges; Practices; Lemi-Kura, EthiopiaItem Assessment of The Impacts of Transit-oriented Development on Light Rail Transit: The Case of Addis Ababa Light Transit(Addis Ababa University, 2024-02-01) Sahlit Girma Siyum; Berhanu Woldetensae (Associate Professor)This research aims to probe the impact of transit-oriented development (TOD) on light rail transit efficiency at selected Addis Ababa Light Rail Transit (AALRT) stations (Ayat, CMC, Megenagna, and Mexico Stations). It studied the integration of transit-oriented development principle (density, diversity, design, and destination accessibility) into the AALRT, the impact of integrating TOD into AALRT on the ridership pattern or passengers flow, and a lesson from successful implementation of TOD on other cities. Both quantitative and qualitative research approach used to conduct this research. Likewise, both primary and secondary data source was used for this particular research. Observation and spatial analysis (GIS) used to generate the existing land use and road network map for the selected stations and the TOD principles were calculated using different formulas based on the existing land use and road network maps. Counting of sold tickets at peak hours, data from AALRT transport department, and structured interview was used to determine passengers flow at peak hours, average daily passengers, and passengers flow within the TOD influence zone respectively. Through a literature review, different cities’ successful TOD implementation experiences were studied. Purposive and availability sampling were used to choose an AALRT station to study and to determine passenger flow at peak hours. Spatial multi criteria analysis and SPSS were used to analyze the TOD index and the relation between the TOD index and passenger flow. The research found that Ayat station is with better integration of TOD and Mexico station is with least TOD integration or TOD index. With high TOD index at all selected station within 800-meters TOD influence zone, the research concluded that TOD principle is more integrated within the 800-meters TOD influence zone than within 400-meters TOD influence zone. The passenger flow both daily passenger and passengers flow at peak hours has direct relation with the TOD index. Ayat station has the highest passenger flow daily and at peak hours correspondingly highest TOD index value. The passenger flow at peak hours doesn’t not affect by the distance to transit as the result demonstrate that majority of the trip is generated outside of the TOD influence zone. It shows that a dearth of affordable house within the TOD influence zone. Key words: Addis Ababa Light Rail Transit, Transit-oriented development principles, Passengers flow, TOD index, AALRT EfficiencyItem Spatial Dynamics and Morphological Relations in the Emergence of Urban forms in Dire Dawa(Addis Ababa University, 2024-09-01) Samuel Asfaw Zelelew; Zegeye Cherenet Mamo (Assistant Professor)This dissertation delves into the morphogenesis of Ethiopian cities, focusing on Dire Dawa. Leveraging Conzen's morphological evolutionary technique, the study conducts a meticulous physical examination of Dire Dawa's morphology, augmented by maps and detailed interviews to reconstruct its early spatial organization. Exploring the sustainability of land-use transformations, the research scrutinizes consequences of formal and organic planning interventions. Analyzing land-use mix and open space ratio across six cases from three morphological periods, a declining trend in mixedland use intensity is observed, particularly at the plot scale. Moreover, a shift from the historic core to the periphery correlates with reduced mixed-land use intensity at the neighborhood level, emphasizing challenges in maintaining sustainable urban form. To address this, integration of principles from organic development and formal planning is advocated, emphasizing the importance of balanced mix of uses. Furthermore, the study investigates spatial transformation events and emergent urban forms in Dire Dawa, examining interplay between formal planning intervention and spontaneous developments. Utilizing Spacematrix software, the research identifies dominance of point-type low-rise developments in organically developed areas, contrasting with prevalence of block-type low-rise and mid-rise forms in plan-driven developments. Rising trends in floor space index and spatial coverage patterns indicate growing concern for space efficiency and sustainable development, particularly in outlying areas. However, density of street network in organically developed portions surpasses formally planned areas, highlighting relevance of organic development concepts. Lastly, the dissertation examines correlation between street width and land use patterns, elucidating impact of street hierarchy on land use intensity across different developmental periods. Utilizing mixed-methods case study design, four land use categories are identified and their relationship with street width evaluated. Findings underscore variability of this connection based on morphological periods and urban planning interventions, dvocating for well-designed land use policies accommodating both formal and informal developments. Keywords: Morphological evolution, Urban morphology, Sustainability, Land-use transformation, Spatial dynamics, Street hierarchy, Dire Dawa, EthiopiaItem Assessment of Factors Influencing Customer Satisfaction in Anbessa Public Bus Transport Enterprise (Apte): The Case of Three Routes in Addis Ababa(Addis Ababa University, 2025-05-01) Tsegereda Tilahun; Berhanu Woldetensae, (Associate Professor)This study was conducted with the main objective of assessment of factors influencing customer satisfaction in Anbessa public bus transport enterprise: by taking example on three routes in Addis Ababa. In order to address the stated objective, the researcher applied mixed research approach. And also, the researcher used descriptive research design. The main data collection instruments were both primary and secondary sources. The researcher was taken 91 of the 102 people from the 17 sample vehicles traveled through three routes (number 03, 51 &90) for data collection and some respondents through purposive sampling methods for interview. Based on the study findings, it is concluded that a significant and a positive relationship exists between the bus reliability, frequency, affordability, safety and customer satisfaction in the three routes. In the study area, the customers Anbessa public transport was not satisfied as they expected with the bus reliability, frequency, affordability, safety and the buses condition. This means customers perceived that service delivery of Anbessa bus transport did not meet their expectations. Finally, to make the Anbessa public bus transport service more reliable, improve bus service frequency city, increase the safety and to enhance its customer satisfaction, the researcher recommended that the Enterprise (city transport authority) should increase the frequency of the vehicles, introduce of dedicated bus lanes, increased seating capacity, to make the service more affordable and satisfy the authority should be implemented for all routes at different distances, the government should monitor the fare prices of Anbessa public bus, enhance the condition of the Anbessa public bus transport, the bus physical facilities, equipment, and cleanness of buses and appearance of personnel, improve modern technology should be improved. Key Words: Anbassa Bus, Customer Satisfaction, Public Transport, reliability, frequency, Affordability, Safety.Item Evaluation of Street Vendor Management At Side Walking in Addis Ababa(Addis Ababa University, 2025-05-01) Tigist Assefa; Birhanu Woldetensae (Associate Professor)Urban centers like Addis Ababa witness substantial pedestrian traffic. However, due to inadequate sidewalks, pedestrian pathways often pose challenges. Given pedestrians' heightened vulnerability. This study was conducted with the main objective of evaluate sidewalk safety by focusing on the sidewalk environment as it relates to the comfort and convenience of pedestrian users Addis Ababa while utilizing sidewalks. In order to address the stated objective, the researcher applied mixed research approach. And also, the researcher used descriptive research design. The main data sources were both primary and secondary sources. In this researcher around 819 individuals across 21 selected sidewalks involved to discern user awareness. Based on the study findings, there were common challenges across sidewalks, including issues stemming from vendor activities, congested pedestrian traffic on most of Addis’ sidewalks and interactions with vendors, alongside deficiencies in street network and sidewalk infrastructure, encompassing physical and user-related aspects. This causes high dissatisfaction among a majority of pedestrian road users leads to the conclusion that people are not attracted to sidewalks. This dissatisfaction may lead walking users to seek alternative forms of transportation in the future. To enhance sidewalks and foster a more walk able city, the study advocates leveraging the substantial demand for pedestrian infrastructure improvements, Insights gleaned from this research can inform city planners in devising strategies and foot traffic prioritizing pedestrian -friendly policy interventions with ensuring their effective implementation aimed to make Addis Ababa a bolstering sidewalk quality, thereby promoting pedestrian safety, comfort, and convenience urban environments for pedestrians ultimately enhancing the overall quality of life in the city. Key Words: Safety, Comfort, Convenience, Sidewalk, Pedestrian Level of Service, Street VendingItem Urban Land Management Challenges in Expansion area of Addis Ababa: A Case of Kolfe Keranyo Sub-City(Addis Ababa University, 2025-05-01) Tsegaye Daba; Birhanu Girma (PhD)In recent times, the urban land management system has been challenging in contemporary urbanization in Ethiopian cities and towns. This study assesses the urban land management challenges of the expansion areas of Addis Ababa City Administration using the Kolfe Keranyo sub-city as a case study. The study uses both quantitative and qualitative research approaches in relevant ways to meet the objectives of the study. The study used both primary and secondary data types to collect data from land management-related offices and customers of the office. Questionnaires and semi-structured interviews were used to collect primary and secondary data from the study areas. Also, the data collected through questionnaires were analyzed through descriptive statistics such as percentage, tabulation, frequency, pie chart, and bar graphs, and SPSS was employed to enter the data into the computer for analysis, and data collected through interviews were analyzed using the narrative description method. Result of the study shows that higher workload challenges, technology usage skill gaps especially in system digitalization, the structure of office and work follows is unstable, shifting issues in land coordinate, Conflicts issues around border areas shared with Oromia regional State, budget constraints issues to fill human resource gap and corruption are the main challenges of kolfe- keranyo sub city faces. the researcher would like to recommend, that knowledgeable, trained manpower, professional skills, and disciplined manpower and leaders are needed to achieve the objectives and goals of office urban land management, information land management should need improvement, which means any customer must access land-related issues using advanced technology rather than manual systems, a solution to reduce corruption and rent-seeking is ethics promotion office should be established at least in the sub-city level and also use advanced technology on land management issues. Key words: Urban Land, Land Management, Urban Land Policies, Urban ExpansionItem Assessment of Site Suitability for Sustainable Residential Real Estate Investment in Addis Ababa: The Case of Lemi-Kura Sub-City(Addis Ababa University, 2025-06-01) Kidist Shuma Ayana; Amha Ermias (Phd)This study explores the site suitability for sustainable residential real estate property in vestment in Addis Ababa, with a specific focus on Lemi-Kura Sub-City. The objective is to identify and map suitable locations for sustainable residential development by integrat ing Geographic Information System (GIS), the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), and hedonic land value modeling. A geospatial analysis combined with multi-criteria evalu ation was undertaken to analyze critical environmental and socio-economic parameters, including land use/land cover, slope, soil, and geology, to establish physical appropriate ness. The analysis set the study region into three separate suitability zones for residential development: extremely low, moderate, and very high. Out of the entire area of 78.67 km², about 23.28 km² (30.87%) was found to have extremely low suitability, 8.73 km² (13.64%) was found to be moderately suitable, and 20.27 km² (25.78%) was found to be highly appropriate for building homes. Also, a hedonic pricing model (HPM) was used to measure how property features and location affect the value of residential land. The model construction is based on the Sales Comparison Approach (SCA), employing sample transaction data acquired from various sites in the research area. Based on the model performance, a residential land value map was generated. Finally, the weighted overlay analysis of the physical suitability map and the land value map was done to establish potential zones for residential development. The integrated technique identified that only 8.10% of the land was classified as extremely suitable, 26.51% as moderately suitable, and the rest, 65.39%, as having low suitability for residential use. The integration of GIS, AHP, and HPM generated encouraging results. Future research is encouraged to use sophisticated approaches such as machine learning and deep learning for improved prediction and decision-making. Keywords: Land Value Modelling; Real Estate Development; Residential Site Suitabil ity; Sustainable HousingItem The Role of Migration in Driving Urban Horizontal Expansion: The Case of Woldia Town, North Wollo Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia(Addis Ababa University, 2025-05-01) Mulu Fasigo Fente; Birhanu Girma Abebe (Associate Professor)Ethiopia is still one of the least urbanized nations in the world, despite the fact that many of its urban areas including Woldia, are expanding quickly. Due to its rapid horizontal expansion, Woldia has recently encountered major urban challenges. A significant problem linked to this expansion is the growing demand for urban land and space, which is primarily caused by migration-related population pressure. The annexation of agricultural land at the rural periphery as a result of this migration has further contributed the town's horizontal growth. Development in both rural and urban areas is impacted by migration. This has been significant challenges to Ethiopia's development in general and Woldia's urban growth in particular in recent years. The study aims to identify the main drivers and effects of migration, as well as the contribution of remittances to the horizontal growth of Woldia, and evaluates the trends of land use and land cover changes of the town from 2000 to 2020. To achieve the study's objectives, information was gathered from a randomly selected sample of 395 respondents using questionnaires. Besides, interviews, focus group discussions, personal observation, and GIS tools were employed. Secondary data sources were also used and both qualitative and quantitative analyses were employed. Apart from the utilization of percentages, tables, and averages, the discussion was enhanced by the use of diagrams and photographs. The results show that the main driving forces behind migration are inadequate social services and poverty in the places of origin of migrants. On the other hand, the primary pull factors are better social infrastructure and employment prospects at the destination. As a result, peri-urban areas where housing supply and accessibility are still limited are under a lot of strain due to the migration inflow. Additionally, the findings indicated a disparity in socio-economic development between rural and urban areas. The result showed that there was remittance driven spatial growth at the periphery. Additionally, the LULCC findings showed that migration-driven population growth alters the town's land use patterns with a decrease in agricultural, forest, and barren lands, and an increase in built-up areas which has a significant impact on the prime agricultural land nearby. As a result, migration has driven the town's horizontal expansion in the peri-urban areas by increasing its population which consequently creates more space for various socio-economic developments. It is remarked that without a workable and suitable policy solution in place, the town's horizontal expansion cannot be reversed in the future. Therefore, planners and policymakers at the local, regional, and national levels must have a thorough understanding of the dynamics of the growth occurring in order to effectively support migrants. Furthermore, in the context of fast urban population growth, effective urban expansion planning should be employed to build inclusive, productive and orderly urban areas by allowing space for additional urban inhabitants at the appropriate scale in places where migrants are likely to dwell. Key Words: Driving, Horizontal Expansion, Migration, Remittance, WoldiaItem The Impacts of Mixed Land Use Planning on Socio-Economic, Physical and Environmental Development(Addis Ababa University, 2025-06-01) Girmachew Tariku Jenollo; Liku Workalemahu (Assistant Professor)This study investigates the impact of Mixed Land Use Planning (MLUP) on socioeconomic, physical, and environmental (SEPE) development in Kir-kos and Bole subcities of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, with particular reference to MCC, MC, SC, and AGJ neighborhoods. The research addresses four key aims: (1) assessing the spatial pattern of urban functions and their influence on land-use patterns, (2) judging urban planners' and stakeholders' view regarding the effectiveness of MLUP in sustainable development, (3) investigating SEPE effects, particularly socio-economic equity, infrastructure, and environmental sustainability, and (4) ascertaining root causes of implementation problems of MLUP, including policy gaps, governance issues, and socio-economic inequalities. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study integrates qualitative interviews with 14 key informants (planners and officials) and 40 planning practitioners with quantitative surveys of 384 households in the four neighborhoods of study. GIS analysis, stakeholder perceptions, and field observation for the planning decade 2002–2017 were synthesized. Findings indicate clustered land-use patterns (χ²=47.763), disproving spatial randomness, with MLUP increasing accessibility but showing uneven socio-economic benefits. While planners endorsed MLUP potential, residents were dissatisfied with economic outcomes, regulatory ambiguities, and transport inefficiencies—citing overuse of taxis. The study concludes that effective regulatory mechanisms, synchronized transport planning, and stakeholder coordination are required for optimal MLUP attainment to maximize SEPE impacts. Among the recommendations are context-sensitive zoning, policy coherence, and community participation to enhance sustainable urban growth. Future research must examine longitudinal MLUP impacts and equity dimensions in rapidly urbanizing African cities. Keywords: Mixed land use, urban planning, socio-economic development, sustainable cities, Addis AbabaItem Assessment of factors in fluencing Customer Satisfaction in Anbessa Public Bus Transport Enterprise (Apte): The Case of Three Routes in Addis Ababa(Addis Ababa University, 2025-05-01) Tsegereda Tilahun; Berhanu Woldetensae, (Associate Professor)This study was conducted with the main objective of assessment of factors influencing customer satisfaction in Anbessa public bus transport enterprise: by taking example on three routes in Addis Ababa. In order to address the stated objective, the researcher applied mixed research approach. And also, the researcher used descriptive research design. The main data collection instruments were both primary and secondary sources. The researcher was taken 91 of the 102 people from the 17 sample vehicles traveled through three routes (number 03, 51 &90) for data collection and some respondents through purposive sampling methods for interview. Based on the study findings, it is concluded that a significant and a positive relationship exists between the bus reliability, frequency, affordability, safety and customer satisfaction in the three routes. In the study area, the customers Anbessa public transport was not satisfied as they expected with the bus reliability, frequency, affordability, safety and the buses condition. This means customers perceived that service delivery of Anbessa bus transport did not meet their expectations. Finally, to make the Anbessa public bus transport service more reliable, improve bus service frequency city, increase the safety and to enhance its customer satisfaction, the researcher recommended that the Enterprise (city transport authority) should increase the frequency of the vehicles, introduce of dedicated bus lanes, increased seating capacity, to make the service more affordable and satisfy the authority should be implemented for all routes at different distances, the government should monitor the fare prices of Anbessa public bus, enhance the condition of the Anbessa public bus transport, the bus physical facilities, equipment, and cleanness of buses and appearance of personnel, improve modern technology should be improved. Key Words: Anbassa Bus, Customer Satisfaction, Public Transport, reliability, frequency, Affordability, Safety.Item Evaluation of Street Vendor Management at Sidewalking in Addis Ababa(Addis Ababa University, 2025-05-01) Tigist Assefa; Berhanu Woldetensae ( Associate Professor)Urban centers like Addis Ababa witness substantial pedestrian traffic. However, due to inadequate sidewalks, pedestrian pathways often pose challenges. Given pedestrians' heightened vulnerability. This study was conducted with the main objective of evaluate sidewalk safety by focusing on the sidewalk environment as it relates to the comfort and convenience of pedestrian users Addis Ababa while utilizing sidewalks. In order to address the stated objective, the researcher applied mixed research approach. And also, the researcher used descriptive research design. The main data sources were both primary and secondary sources. In this researcher around 819 individuals across 21 selected sidewalks involved to discern user awareness. Based on the study findings, there were common challenges across sidewalks, including issues stemming from vendor activities, congested pedestrian traffic on most of Addis’ sidewalks and interactions with vendors, alongside deficiencies in street network and sidewalk infrastructure, encompassing physical and user-related aspects. This causes high dissatisfaction among a majority of pedestrian road users leads to the conclusion that people are not attracted to sidewalks. This dissatisfaction may lead walking users to seek alternative forms of transportation in the future. To enhance sidewalks and foster a more walk able city, the study advocates leveraging the substantial demand for pedestrian infrastructure improvements, Insights gleaned from this research can inform city planners in devising strategies and foot traffic prioritizing pedestrian -friendly policy interventions with ensuring their effective implementation aimed to make Addis Ababa a bolstering sidewalk quality, thereby promoting pedestrian safety, comfort, and convenience urban environments for pedestrians ultimately enhancing the overall quality of life in the city. Key Words: Safety, Comfort, Convenience, Sidewalk, Pedestrian Level of Service, Street VendingItem Availability, Accessibility, and Optimization of Children's Spaces in Mass Housing: A Case Study Of Summit Condominiums in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia(Addis Ababa University, 2024-06-01) Jarso Gollisa Roba; Dagnachew Addugna (Phd)Children today have significantly less access to outdoor play spaces than previous generations. Moreover, the design of existing spaces often fails to meet the dynamic needs of modern children, resulting in decreased engagement in outdoor activities. This study investigates the availability, accessibility, and usability of children’s play spaces within Summit Condominium, Addis Ababa. It critically examines how the spatial design of mass housing environments influences children’s outdoor play opportunities. As Ethiopia continues implementing mass housing programs to address rapid urbanization, ensuring child-friendly spaces becomes increasingly vital. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the research integrates physical site analysis, spatial analysis using Space Syntax methods, systematic observations, questionnaires, and focus group discussions. These methods assess the physical and visual accessibility of outdoor spaces, community perceptions, and actual utilization patterns of children’s play spaces. Findings reveal that although Summit Condominium includes designated open spaces, most are poorly designed or misused, limiting support for children’s independent play. Physical barriers such as parked vehicles, poor connectivity, and safety concerns further restrict access. Additionally, community perceptions prioritize green areas and parking spaces over play areas, often excluding children from available outdoor spaces. The study concludes that current planning practices in Addis Ababa’s mass housing developments inadequately address children’s spatial needs. It recommends integrating child-centered design principles, enhancing community awareness, and enforcing policies that protect children’s rights to play within urban residential environments. The study emphasizes participatory design approaches, advocating for children’s involvement in designing optimized and inclusive play areas. Ultimately, this research contributes to the broader understanding of child-friendly urban design and offers scalable recommendations for improving play spaces in mass housing developments. Key Words: accessibility, availability, mass housing, children’s play space, optimizationItem Assessment of Site Suitability for Sustainable Residential Real Estate Investment in Addis Ababa: The Case of Lemi-Kura Sub-City(Addis Ababa University, 2025-06-01) Kidist Shuma Ayana; Amha Ermias (PhD)This study explores the site suitability for sustainable residential real estate property investment in Addis Ababa, with a specific focus on Lemi-Kura Sub-City. The objective is to identify and map suitable locations for sustainable residential development by integrating Geographic Information System (GIS), the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), and hedonic land value modeling. A geospatial analysis combined with multi-criteria evaluation was undertaken to analyze critical environmental and socio-economic parameters, including land use/land cover, slope, soil, and geology, to establish physical appropriateness. The analysis set the study region into three separate suitability zones for residential development: extremely low, moderate, and very high. Out of the entire area of 78.67 km², about 23.28 km² (30.87%) was found to have extremely low suitability, 8.73 km² (13.64%) was found to be moderately suitable, and 20.27 km² (25.78%) was found to be highly appropriate for building homes. Also, a hedonic pricing model (HPM) was used to measure how property features and location affect the value of residential land. The model construction is based on the Sales Comparison Approach (SCA), employing sample transaction data acquired from various sites in the research area. Based on the model performance, a residential land value map was generated. Finally, the weighted overlay analysis of the physical suitability map and the land value map was done to establish potential zones for residential development. The integrated technique identified that only 8.10% of the land was classified as extremely suitable, 26.51% as moderately suitable, and the rest, 65.39%, as having low suitability for residential use. The integration of GIS, AHP, and HPM generated encouraging results. Future research is encouraged to use sophisticated approaches such as machine learning and deep learning for improved prediction and decision-making. Keywords: Land Value Modelling; Real Estate Development; Residential Site Suitability; Sustainable HousingItem Evaluation of Urban Land Use Plan Implementation: The Case of Main city Center Local Development Plan, Addis Ababa(Addis Ababa University, 2025-05-01) Hirut Lemma; Birhanu Girma (Associate Professor)Urban land use planning is the arrangement of residential, industrial, commercial, and recreational space to organize activities in order to satisfy social needs, manage growth, reduce environmental impact and promote economic efficiency through environmental sustainability. This study evaluates to what extent the main city center local development plan land use regulations are implemented. It focuses on how well the new corridor development plan aligns with the Main City Centre Local Development Plan (MCCLDP). The research used a mixed methodology. It combined a full land use survey of all parcels with qualitative and quantitative data from document review, surveys, and key informant interview with urban planners, building permit experts and land development professionals. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and SW Maps used to collect accurate land use data, make accurate spatial maps and do analysis. The results show that about 19.4% of the MCCLDP land use plan has been implemented. The corridor plan and the MCCLDP align in some ways, but the corridor gives much emphasis to commercial developments and surface parking as oppose to mixed use developments that the main city center plan focused on. These implementation gaps arise from weak enforcement, poor integration among planning authorities and implementing agencies, lack of stakeholder participation, economic pressure and regulatory challenges. The study emphasizes that it's crucial to build stronger integration between institutions, improving enforcement mechanism, and involving concerned stakeholders in the planning process. Regular evaluation of land use plan implementation using both performance and conformance methodologies are also necessary. These findings provide useful insight for policy makers and planners aiming to effective land use plan implementation. Keywords: MCCLDP, corridor development plan, plan implementation, land use survey, land use conformityItem Study of Spatial Characteristics and their Utilization of Hamle 19 and Bihere Tsige Public parks in Addis Ababa(Addis Ababa University, 2025-06-01) Meron Tadesse Aragaw; Aramde Fetene (PhD)This study explores how spatial characteristics influence public park utilization, based on user perception. By examining the users’ perception on the spatial characteristics of the park, the study identifies highly related variables which influence the utilization of the park and gives a recommendation for the optimum use of new and existing parks. This study uses mixed method that aims to explain users’ perceptions and spatial characteristics of the park through case study methodology. It uses both descriptive and explanatory types of research designs. Hamle 19 and Bihere Tsige public parks are selected as a case study based on different selection criteria. Data were collected from a randomly selected park visitors through questionnaire and interview. The data is analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). A statistical procedure was used for the study, and the correlation analysis and the significance of the relationships were tested with a 95 percent confidence level. A total of ten dependent and two independent variables are used to measure the correlation. The results indicate a significant relationship between spatial characteristics and urban park utilization. Ten independent variables were shown to significantly correlate with the dependent variables. And only three and five variables are highly related with the city level and Sub city level parks respectively. However none of the variables are negatively correlated. These elements should be purposefully taken into account during the park design and development process in order to maximize park utilization. Lastly, more research ought to be done to improve the park's qualitative features. Keywords: Public Park, Spatial Characteristics, Utilization, Perception