Browsing by Author "Mengistu Daniel"

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    Adherence to Adjuvant Hormonal Therapy and Associated Actors Among Women with Breast Cancer Attending at Tikur Anbessa specialized hospital, Addis Abeba, Ethiopia, 2019.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2019-06) Wako Zerko; Mengistu Daniel ; Getahun Negalign
    Background: Breast cancer is one of leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Ethiopia.Adjuvant hormonal therapy (AHT) is one of the treatment modality given for a patient withbreast cancer with estrogen receptor positive after primary treatment for 5-10 years. Nonadherence to adjuvant hormone therapyinbreast cancer survivors is commonand associated with increased risk of recurrence of cancer,invade the other breast,and consequently increase morbidity and mortality. Objective:Toassess level of adherence to adjuvant hormonal therapy and associated factors amongwomen with breast cancer who attends oncology outpatient at Tikur AnbessaSpecialized Hospital. Method: Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted. Convenience sampling technique was used to select 216 participants. A semi-structured questionnaire was used after some modifications and Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8). Data were enteredin EpiData version 4.4.2.1 and exported to SPSS version 24, and analyzed using ordinal logistic regression with OR and 95%CI. Result: Out of 216, 209 women with breast cancer participated in the study with response rate of 97%. The level of adherence was 41%, 33%, and 26% for low, medium and high adherence respectively. Age group <45 is likely to be high adherence compared to >65 with (OR= 2.6,CI (3.8-7.6) p-value 0.001); being from urban (OR= 1.5, CI (1.1-2.8, p-value 0.001); being on tamoxifen (OR= 1.6, CI (0.4-2.2), p-value 0.005); having side effect (OR= 1.5, CI (0.4-1.9), pvalue 0.004); comorbidity (OR= 1.6, CI (1.5-3.4, p-value 0.001) and Getting a thorough therapeutic communication (OR= 1.7, CI (1.2-3.2), p-value 0.001) were found to be significantly associated with adherence to AHT. Conclusions and recommendations: In summary, the high adherence level to AHT among women with breast cancer was 26% in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital. Age, place of residence, types of AHT, side effect, comorbidity, therapeutic communication from health care providers were significantly associated with adherence. Healthcare provider should give health education concerning medication usage, management of side effects and should also give due attention to rural patient.
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    Adherence to Self Management and Associated Factors among Hypertensive Patients Attending Chronic Follow Up Units of Public Health Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2016
    (Addis Ababa University, 2016-06) Tibebu Abel; Mengistu Daniel
    Background - One of the most prevalent non communicable diseases is hypertension. Theavailability of effective antihypertensive medications didn‟t bring the expected outcomes interms of controlling blood pressure. The rationale for these and other findings of uncontrolledhypertension direct towards poor adherence. The most neglected causes of uncontrolledhypertension are unhealthy lifestyles. Few studies are conducted to show the gap and magnitudeof self-management adherence. Objectives – This study tried to assess the self-management adherence of hypertensive patientsattending follow up at chronic follow up units of public health hospitals in Addis Ababa,Ethiopia,2016. Method – Institutional based cross sectional study was conducted in four public health hospitalswhich were selected by lottery method. The final calculated sample size was 416 which wereproportionally allocated to each of the institutions and systematic random sampling was used.Data was checked, cleaned and entered in to Epidata software version 3.1, and was imported toSPSS version 21 software for analysis. The results of the descriptive statistics were expressed aspercentages and frequencies. Associations between independent variables and dependentvariables were analyzed using bivariate and multivariate analysis. The study was conducted fromFebruary 15 – April 15, 2016. Results – The study included 404 respondents with 97% response rate. 210(52%) were male andmean age was 54±10.77 years. The respondents‟ adherence to lifestyle modifications and anti-hypertensive medications were 23% and 66.8% respectively. The lifestyle and medication relatedadherences were found to be better in females, patients who had comorbidities and have beenknowledgeable about the disease and was poor among young adult respondents. Conclusion and Recommendations – The rates of adherence to medication and life-stylechanges were generally found to be low. Educational sessions that especially focus on lifestylemodifications and ongoing support for patients should be designed and studies which assess allthe components of self-management should be conducted for comparison among differentsubgroups. Keywords – Self management, Adherence, Hypertension, Lifestyle modifications, Anti-hypertensive medications
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    Assessment of Self-Reported Practice of Nursing Documentation and Associated Factors Among Nurses in Selected Public Hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2017
    (Addis Ababa University, 2017-06) Hailu Hanna; Mengistu Daniel
    Introduction: Nursing documentation is an essential component of nursing practice that has apotential to improve the patient outcome besides developing the nursing profession. However,little has been explored about nursing documentation practice in health care facilities of AddisAbaba, Ethiopia. Therefore; this study was conducted to assess documentation practice amongnurses working in selected public hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the self-reported practice of nursingdocumentation and associated factors among nurses working at Yekatit-12 , Ras DestaDamtew, Zewditu and Black Lion Specialized hospitals which are all located in Addis Ababa,Ethiopia. Method: A quantitative descriptive cross sectional survey was employed to assess self-reportedpractice of nursing documentation and associated factors among nurses working in selectedpublic Hospitals. Data was collected using a structured self- administered questionnaire thatwas developed and pre-tested on 32 (10 %) of sampled nurses working in Minillik II Hospital.The study was conducted from April 3 – 17/2017 and the study participants were selectedrandomly. SPSS version 22 was used for both data entry and analysis. Descriptive statisticswas used to describe the data and binary logistic regression to test statistical association ofdocumentation practice against the knowledge, attitude and organizational factors. Result: Among all nurses who have participated in the study, good self-reported nursingdocumentation practice was 47.8 %. Work setting, adequacy of documenting sheets, adequacyof time, availability of motivation from supervisors, lack of skill and familiarity with operationalstandard of nursing documentation were significantly associated with practice of nursing caredocumentation [AOR=0.570(95% CI (0.345, 0.940), [AOR=3.610(95% CI (1.516, 8.595), AOR=4.891, 95% CI (2.425, 9.863), AOR =4.081, 95% CI (1.054, 15.806), AOR =0.109, 95% CI(0.013, 0.908) [AOR=1.947(95% CI (1.159, 3.269) respectively. Conclusion: Nursing documentation practice was poor among nurses under the study. Worksetting, adequacy of documenting sheets, adequacy of time, availability of motivation, lack ofskill and familiarity with operational standard of nursing documentation were significantlyassociated with practice of nursing care documentation Recommendation: Based on the finding of this study, employing institutions need to createawareness and provide training to enhance knowledge and skill of the nurses regardingdocumentation. Nursing leaders should motivate the employees to enhance the practice ofdocumentation, avail the necessary documenting materials besides adequate staffing whichmay be related to time shortage. Researchers also need to carry out large scale studies in orderto address the problem. Key words: Documentation, Self-reported practice, Nurses
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    Assessment of Determinant Factors on Preference and Practice of Modern Contraceptive use Among Women of Reproductive Age Groups at Shire Endaslasie Town, Northern Ethiopia, 2011.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2011-06) Tilahun Weyzer; Mengistu Daniel
    Introduction: A woman’s preferences, practice and tolerance for various methods attribute vary according to the type of relations and other aspects of her life. The discrepancy between fertility preferences and contraceptive practice is regarded as an indicator of unmet demand for family planning. So far, it is explained that there is alarming increase in population. Ethiopia is one of the highest ranking countries in reproductive health risk worldwide with a maternal mortality ratio 673 per 100,000 deliveries. Objective: To assess factors determining preference and practice of modern contraceptive use among women of reproductive age groups at Shire Endaslasie town, Tigray Region, Northern Ethiopia Method: A Community based cross – sectional study designs were employed on 367 sample women of reproductive age groups in Shire Endaslasie town in 2011. Stratified sampling techniques were used to select the study subjects. The sample size has been obtained by a single population proportion formula. Three kebeles were selected randomly from all five kebeles in the town. The required sample size was obtained from the sum of all sample population in each kebeles or stratum using systematic random sampling technique. Kth was calculated from each selected kebeles to get the sample of each stratum. After developing a structured questionnaire, pretest was under taken on 10% of the study subjects one week before data collection i.e. 37 mothers on similar and non-selected community. Data was collected from February 01/2011 to21/2011 February days and 15 voluntary kebele oriented outreach workers and above 10 grade data collectors were assigned after appropriate modification of the questionnaire have been done. Then, data was collected through face to face interview using structured questionnaire. Data-entry, cleaning and statistical analysis was done using Version 16 SPSS soft ware. Prior to the study, approval of ethical clearance was obtained from Addis Ababa University, College of health sciences, Department of Nursing and Midwifery and Mekelle Regional health Bureau. Result: A total of 367 study participants were approached; of these 294 (80.1%) respondent use of MCMs but 73 (19.9%) not use of MCMs. Reason for using MCMs the majority of them 170 (57.8%) for child spacing and 112(38.1%) for preventing unwanted pregnancy. Reason for not using MCMs most respondent don’t have sexual partner at present 25 (34.2%). Conclusion and Recommendation: This study have clearly described that women use MCMs after they had higher number children and less desire to limit family size. It recommended that strong behavioral change intervention targeting the high fertility desire of women and MCMs utilization is needed.
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    Assessment of Knowledge and Practice to wards care of Elderly Patients and Associated Factors Among Nurses in Adult Care Units at Selected Government Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2021.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2021-06) Alemu Gebeyaw; Mengistu Daniel ; Berhane Emebet
    Background: Ageing is the accumulation of a series of changes in a person overtime. Nurses have the duty of care for all age ranges that considers knowledge ofdevelopmental stages specific to client/patient center need. However, there is limitedinformation on nurses’ knowledge and practice of care of the elderly in Ethiopia.Therefore, studying knowledge and practice of nurses towards elderly patients has animportant outcome on elderly care. Objective: Assess knowledge and practice towards care of elderly patients andassociated factors among nurses in adult care units at selected government hospitalsin Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2021. Method: Institution based cross sectional quantitative study design was conducted on310 nurses in three selected government hospitals in Addis Ababa. Multi stage sampling was used to select study participants. The study was conducted from February, 2021- March, 2021. Structured self-administered questionnaire was used. Result: Among 310 respondents, 125(40.3%) of nurses’ have good knowledge toward care of elder patient whereas 118(38.1%) nurses have highly practiced toward care of elder patient. The result showed that age and year of experience were significantly associated with nurse’s knowledge toward care of elder patient.Similarly, sex, level of education, year of experience in nursing profession, and taking training were significantly associated with nurse’s practice toward care of elderly patient. Conclusion and recommendations: Majority of nurses had poor knowledge and poor practice toward care of elderly patient. Age and year of experience were significantly associated with knowledge. On the other hand, sex, level of education,year of experience, and taking training were significantly associated with nurse’s practice toward care of elder patient. Therefore, federal ministry of health, hospital managers and nursing department should work cooperatively in order to improve nurse’s knowledge and enhance their practice toward care of elder patient.
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    Assessment of Knowledge, Practice and Associated Factors of Adult Intensive Care Nurses‘ on Prevention of Ventilator Associated Pneumonia in Selected Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2014-06) Alemu Girma; Mengistu Daniel
    Background- Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most common nosocomialinfection, with the prevalence rates ranging from 10% to 70% in critical/ Intensive care units. It isa sub-type of hospital-acquired pneumonia which occurs in people who are on intubation ormechanical ventilation that was not present at the time of admission to hospital or that occurs 48hours after intubation and mechanical ventilation through an endotracheal or tracheotomy withreported incidence of 6–20 times higher in these patients. Objective: To assess knowledge, practice and associated factors of Adult Intensive Carenurses‘ on prevention of Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) in selected Hospitals in AddisAbaba, Ethiopia. Methods And Materials- A facility based cross-sectional and observational study wasconducted on 129 Adult Intensive Care nurses to assess their knowledge, practice and otherassociated factors by using self-administered questionnaire and observational checklist.Information letters, consent forms and questionnaires were handed to nurses working in the AdultICU; by data collectors. Data was coded and entered into EPI INFO 3.5.4 and Analyzed usingSPSS version 16.0 for descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Out 129 respondents, 78 (60.5%) were females, 73 (56.6%) had diploma, Majorityof Adult Intensive Care nurses 79 (61.2%) had no ICU training, and 87 (67.5 %) had beenworking in the ICU for less than 6 years, 66 (51.2%) scored below mean score, had inadequateknowledge. There was a significant difference in knowledge between respondents with ICUtraining as found (p value = 0.04) and between participants with different educational level (p value =0.021). Significant difference in practice was found between ICU nurses who had ICU training (pvalue= 0.038) and between nurses with different years of Experiences (p value = 0.041) Conclusion: The study reveals that majority of nurses working in the Adult Intensive CareUnits had inadequate knowledge and practice. Nevertheless, those nurses who trained and hadhigh educational level have adequate knowledge than those nurses who had more years ofexperience, where as those experienced and trained nurses were practicing more adequately thanthose nurses who hold first and second degree. Recommendations: I would like to recommend those program efforts working towardsprevention of VAP, and improving Knowledge and practices of Intensive care nurses‘. Key words: knowledge, practice, nurse(s), Adult intensive care unit, Ventilator associatedpneumonia
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    Assessment of Nurses’ Knowledge, Attitude and Perceived Barriers to Expressed Pressure Ulcer Prevention Practice in Addis Ababa Government Hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2015
    (Addis Ababa University, 2015-06) Dilie Abebe; Mengistu Daniel
    Background: Although pressure ulcer development is now generally considered as anindicator for quality of nursing care, questions and concerns about situations in which they areunavoidable remain. Awareness about the significance of the problem, positive attitudetowards prevention and an adequate level of knowledge are cornerstones to effectively preventpressure ulcers. Objective: To assess nurses’ knowledge, attitudes and perceived barriers to expressedpressure ulcer prevention practice in Addis Ababa government hospitals, Ethiopia, 2015 Methods and materials: Institution based cross sectional study was conducted from April toMay, 2015. Three hospitals were selected by simple random sampling from 12 governmenthospitals and 217 eligible nurses were selected by using simple random sampling (SRS) afternurses were proportionally allocated to size from each selected hospital. Data were collectedthrough pretested self administered structured questionnaire. Both descriptive and inferentialstatistics were used to present the data. Results: Among the respondents, 61.2% were found to have adequate knowledge regardingpressure ulcer prevention practice whereas 68.4% of the participants had favorable attitude topressure ulcer prevention practice. Moreover, 67.3% of the participants had good practiceabout pressure ulcer prevention. The most reported barriers to practice pressure ulcerprevention were unproportionate nurse to patient ratio (67.9%), lack of training and education(56.1%), shortage of equipment (53.6%) and lack of job satisfaction (64.3%). Conclusion and Recommendation: More than half of the nurses were found to have adequateknowledge about pressure ulcer prevention and their outlook towards it remain majorlyfavorable. Expressed pressure ulcer prevention practice was affected by the participant’s levelof knowledge, attitude and barriers of care. To provide effective prevention of pressure ulcer,nurses’ level of knowledge and attitude should be enhanced besides resolving these barriers. Key words: nurses, Pressure ulcer, prevention, knowledge, attitude, perceived barriers
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    Assessment of Nurses’ Preparedness (KNOWLEDGE, Attitudes and Skill) and Identify Barriers to Care Women Expose to Ipv Attending at Governmental Health Care Institution, In East Gojjam Zone, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia, 2014
    (Addis Ababa University, 2014-06) Zeleke Haymanot; Mengistu Daniel
    Introduction: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a pattern of purposeful coercive behaviors thatmay include inflicted physical injury, psychological abuse, sexual assault, progressive socialisolation. This violence can be considered a leading public health problem with serious healthconsequences for Women exposed to IPV. Due to, the nurse is often an early point of contact, noinformation of nurses‟ preparedness (knowledge, attitude and skill, and barriers) regarding to IPVcare in Ethiopia, high prevalence and impact on women health, these make it problem. Objectives: To assess nurses‟ knowledge, practice and attitude, and identify barriers to carewomen exposed to intimate partner violence in East Gojjam, Amhara region, Ethiopia. Method: Quantitative study design was conducted to assess nurses‟ preparedness (knowledge,practice and attitude) to care women exposed to IPV and qualitative design for barriers to careWomen exposed to IPV. East Gojjam has 18 woredas. Required sample size was 448 nurses.From 18 woredas, nine woredas were randomly selected through proportionate sampling methodthen the study sample was selected randomly. The collected data was cleaned, coded and enterein EpiData version 3.1 then transferred to SPSS version 16.0 for analysis. Descriptive statisticslike frequency and percentage was used to summarize the socio-demographic characteristics‟,knowledge, attitude and skill. To know whether there is association or not between factors andnurses‟ care of, multivariate regression was used. Then odds ratio was used to find which variablewas the most significant to affect of care women exposed to IPV. The strength of statisticalassociation measured by adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals and 0.5% marginalerror. Three groups of nurses from emergency, OPD and Obygynacology wards nurses purposelywere selected. Total nurses who were participating in focus group discussions were 24. nurses‟conversation auto taped, transcribed, translated and analyzed through open code soft ware 6.3version. Finally, integrated according to emerging themes and then narriated. Result: Just over 94% of all respondents had not received training. More than the half of nurseswas not knowledgeable. Around 60% of nurses had negative attitude to IPV cases. In addition,almost 60% of nurses were not skillful. A logistic regression analysis indicated that there was asignificant association between being male to care to Women exposed to IPV. Males were 7.899times more likely to give care to Women exposed to IPV. Nurses who had experience on the careof women exposed to IPV were more give care than who never had experience. Barriersdescribed by nurses were; related to social, institutional, nurses and victim/ women exposed tointimate partner violence/ that affect nurse care to women exposed to IPV were addressed. Conclusion:. Training was significantly affecting the care of women exposed to IPV. Many ofnurses had no skill/experience to care women exposed to IPV and majority of nurses could notask sign of women exposed to IPV like eating disorders, hypertension, headaches and irritablebowel syndrome. Majority of nurses were not knowledgeable and not skillfull thus affect nursingcare of women exposed to IPV. Generally, the majority of the nurses did not provide nursing careto women exposed to IPV. Recommendation: East Gojjam zone health offices to open the opportunity of getting nursingcare training regarding to women exposed to IPV. At higher institutions like university r trainingbefore and afte graduation, expanding education opportunity, expanding education opportunityand incorporating in nursing curriculum is recommended. Strengthening of health services in promoting early nurses‟ training and experience sharing and special emphasis to information onsigns and what next action shall be done is recommended. Key words: Preparedness to care, readiness to care, barriers to care and IPV care
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    Cardiac Patient’s Satisfaction with Nursing Care and Associated Factors in Governmental Hospitals Addis Ababa,May 2021.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2021-05) Simegn Amanie; Mengistu Daniel; Alemu Wuduma
    Background: Patient satisfaction with nursing care and associated factors is considered as an important factor in explaining patients’ perceptions of service levels in the health institutions. InEthiopia, including Addis Ababa there is no study that assessed cardiac patients’ satisfaction with nursing care and that was why this research was conducted to result in better conclusion and recommendation for further improvement of the service factors. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess cardiac patient satisfaction with nursing care and associated factors among admitted patients to cardiac care Units hospitals in Addis Ababa,Ethiopia. Methodology: The research applied a quantitative, cross-sectional design by taking consecutive sampling technique and interview was conducted on 234 respondents by trained BSc nurse data collectors at Black Lion, St. Paul, Yekatit-12 and St. Petre Hospital cardiac units. The rate ofrespondents was 100% due to frequent traveling and interviewing of admitted patients. The datacollected was checked for quality, cleaned, entered and analyzed by using SPSS version-23. Data collection was conducted from February-April and analysis and thesis writing in May, 2021. Result: A total of 234 inpatients from the four hospital cardiac units were approached and 100%of them participated in the study. Most of the patients rated nursing care as not fully satisfied(52.8%) while those who are fully satisfied are only (47.2%). The nurses assurance levels was the lowest from all nursing care factors on which patients are disappointed by their response to their enquires followed by their responsiveness dimension and the third lowest level was nurses reliability dimension. Confidentiality dimension of nurses was rated in a better position wherefully satisfaction level was (70%). The tangibility factor, hospital facilities, was also rated as the lowest (49%) satisfactory mainly access to bedpans, urinals and screens was the lowest value in staffing the patients. Discharge teachings and informing about what to do on the problems that will arise are the less satisfactory rated as 18.8 and 17.9% respectively. Conclusion and recommendation: Most patients’ satisfaction was highly negatively influenced by how nurses were responding in reliability dimension towards patients and level of teaching of nurses. The need to improve on nurses’ communication, teaching levels and behaving towards patients mainly to assure their patients condition has been recommended.
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    Cardiovascular Disease Risk Reduction Behavior, Knowledge and Risk Perception of Adult Hypertensive Patients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2023) Mengistu Daniel; Gary Rebecca ; Goshu Dejuma ; Yalew Alemayehu; Higgins Melinda
    Background: Adverse cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes among hypertensives are determined by several key patient factors such as knowledge, self-risk perception of CVD outcomes, and patients’ risk reduction behaviors. Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death and disabilities worldwide. Uncontrolled hypertension is a major and well-established risk factor for adverse CVD outcomes resulting in high morbidity and mortality. These outcomes could largely be prevented if the patients possess good working knowledge, accurate risk perception, and consistently engage in risk reduction behaviors. However, despite the widely prevalent behavioral risks for adverse CVD outcomes among hypertensives in Ethiopia, the patients’ risk reduction behavioral status, knowledge, and risk-perception are largely unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine CVD risk reduction behaviors and their determinants among adult hypertensives. Objective: The general objective of the study was to determine the status of CVD risk reduction behaviors and its associations with sociodemographic and clinical profiles, knowledge, and risk perception of adult hypertensives attending follow-up at a tertiary hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Method and Materials: A cross-sectional design was used. A sample of 384 hypertensives was selected using a systematic random sampling technique from the hypertension clinic registry. Epi data version 3.10 was used for managing the data, and SPSS version 25.0 was used for analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to determine participants’ CVD risk reduction behavioral status. Bivariate chi-square tests and ordinal logistic regression analyses were run to identify variables associated with participants' ranked CVD risk reduction behavioral status at the p-value < .05 cutoff for statistical significance. Result: Of the total of 384 study participants, 377 (98.18%) were included in the analysis. The mean age (±SD) was 53.61 ± 12.80-year, range (30-82 years), 51.2% were males, Three-fourths (75.3%) were married, and 42.7% had less than high school education. The mean (±SD) duration of HTN was 8.01 ± 6.07 years. Nearly three-quarters (72.1%) of them were attending bi-monthly follow-up care for HTN. Less than half (45.1%) achieved target BP control. xii Fewer than half (58.62%) of the participants had adequate knowledge of CVD risk factors (mean [±SD], 19.92 ± 3.40, range: 7-26). The majority (58.62%) of the participants had a low subjective risk perception of CVD events. Approximately three-fourths (72.4%) had a moderate nl-FRS 10 year CVDrisk estimated. Agreement between participants perceived-risk and the nl-FRS was poor (kappa = 0.0002, standard error = 0.023, p =0.99) with a high (76%) CVD risk-perception inaccuracy primarily due to underestimation. The majority (56.5%) of them were at low CV risk reduction practices. The absence of comorbidities (p < .001), clinic visits every 3 months for hypertension (p = .041), normal body mass index (p = .008), hypertension duration of 5–9 years (p = .034), and young age adults (p = .041) were the characteristics statistically significantly associated with the high CVD risk reduction practice. Conclusion: Participants’ CVD risk reduction practice was low with a variety of unmanaged risk factors and few cardioprotective behaviors. The absence of co-morbidities, maintaining a healthy weight, having HTN for 5–9 years, scheduled clinic visits every three months, and being a young adult were predictive of high-risk reduction behaviors. Target blood pressure control was lower, particularly among overweight and obese hypertensives, and with comorbid diabetes and chronic kidney disease. Although about half of participants had adequate knowledge of CVD risk factors most had inaccurate and low subjective risk perceptions of CVD events compared to moderate objective risks identified using the nl-FRS. Planned education on HTN and CVD risk factors is essential to improve patients’ CVD risk perception and behavioral adoption to reduce adverse CVD events. Keywords: Hypertension, blood pressure control, clinical profile, comorbidity, body mass index, risk perception.
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    Challenges and Opportunities of Managing the Telecom Sector:The Case of Ethio Telecom
    (Addis Ababa University, 2016-06) Mengistu Daniel; Mohammed Abdurezak
    Telecommunication is the transmission of information over significant distances to communicate.The strong development of telecommunication would help to improve efficiency of the economy and the country’s competitiveness which promote economic and social development. Telecom will change the way humans work, play, and live. The International Telecommunications Union (ITU, 2015) reported that there are more in-use cell phones than there are people on the planet already. Continuous technical transformation and information waves of the past century have driven high growth in the telecom industry. However, telecom companies are facing challenges as well as opportunities in their business endeavor. Hence, the purpose of this research is to investigate and examine the challenges and opportunities of managing the telecom sector of Ethiopia, with particular focus on ethio telecom. The method employed in the research is qualitative research method. Data is collected from both primary and secondary sources using the techniques of indepth interview, direct observation, document review and analysis. Accordingly, it is found out that technological advancement, and telecom fraud are among the major challenges and opportunities of Ethiopian Telecom Sector. Moreover, it is found out that WTO accession will create new opportunities and as well will impose new challenges to the telecommunications sector of Ethiopia. Hence, ethio telecom and the Government shall create strategic alliance and partnership with high technology companies around the World, implement a fraud management system that detect frauds before it happen and damage occurs, implement appropriate policies and strategies to avoid the risks and grasp the opportunities of joining WTO, and establish Research and Development Center of Telecom for sustained development of the Telecom Industry of Ethiopia. Key Words: challenges and opportunities of telecom sector
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    Colorectal Cancer Preventive Practices and Associated Factors Among Care Givers of Patients with Colorectal Cancer Attending Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2019.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2019-06) kanito kaleb; Mengistu Daniel ; Argaw Zeleke
    INTRODUCTION: Colorectal Cancer is a worldwide problem with an incidence of 1.8 million cases and mortality of more than 884,000 in 2018. It is the third prevalent and the second cause of cancer related deaths worldwide. It is the first most prevalent cancer in males and the third most prevalent cancer in women of Ethiopia. People with a family history of colorectal neoplastic lesions have two to four times greater risk of developing Colorectal Cancer. Among all incidence of CRC One-fifth (20%) of cases are occurred in a first-degree relative affected by Colorectal Cancer. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess Colorectal Cancer preventive practice and associated factors among family care givers on oncology unit TASH, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia,2019. METHODOLOGY: A cross sectional study was conducted among adults ≥ 18 years old,attending Oncology unit TASH, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, using validated pretested, face to face questionnaire. All individuals who fulfil inclusion criteria was included. The collected data was cleaned, coded, and entered into Epi- info 7.1 and transported SPSS 24 software for analysis.Binary logistic analysis was used. Result: One hundred thirty-one respondents participated in this study with 98.5% response rate.Out of the participants of this study 14 (10.7%) of respondents had Colorectal Cancer preventive practices. The knowledge levels of the respondents were 29.8% and most of the participants (64.1%) had positive attitude towards Colorectal Cancer. The practice of colorectal cancer prevention was significantly associated with knowledge, residence and risk perception of the respondents. Conclusion and recommendation: The study showed that there are poor practice colorectal cancer preventive practices. The adequate knowledge, high risk perception and urban designation were the predictors for practices of Colorectal Cancer prevention. Therefore, need to promote colorectal cancer preventive practices to care givers especially for inadequate knowledge, low risk perception and rural designations to prevent Colorectal Cancer and todetect Colorectal Cancer at the pre-cancerous stage.
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    Fertility Desire and Family Planning Need among People Living with HIV/AIDS in Selected Srt Units of Horro Guduru Wollega Zone, Ethiopia.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2012-06) Tsegaye Reta; Mengistu Daniel
    Introduction; Because of ART access and its good life effect, it is expected that PLWHA need and intention would change with the regard to reproductive health like to get married, desire to have children, and to have sexual partners among others. In Ethiopia, HIV positive individuals may or may not have desire to have children and want to use family planning. But the extent of these desires and how it varies by individual, social, health and demographic characteristics is not well understood Objectives; To assess fertility desire and family planning need among PLWHA following ARV care unit in selected ART clinics of Horro Guduru Wollega Zone, Oromia National Regional State Methods; A cross sectional institution based study that employs quantitative supplemented by qualitative in-depth interview was conducted from March 12 to April 28, 2012. Three hundred twenty one PLWHA (men and women) who were in reproductive age and had taken at least one visit at ART care from the selected ART care unit during the study period were interviewed for the purpose of the study. Three ART clinics were selected conveniently based on daily patient flow. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS version 16.0. Logistic regression was used to control confounding variables. Results; Seventy three (57.9%) of the males and 76 (39%) of the females desired to have children, giving a total of 149(46.4%) of all study participants. PLWHA who desired children were younger ages [AOR: 3.3, (95%CI: 1.3-8.9)], married [AOR: 5.8, (95%CI: 2.7-12.8)], have no children [AOR: 75, (95%CI: 20.1-273.3)] and males [AOR; 1.9, (95%CI: 1.02-3.62)] than their counter parts. One hundred forty nine (46.4%) were using different types of family planning methods during the survey period. Injectables 72(50.3%) and condom 130(70.2%) were the most commonly used type of family planning method before and after HIV diagnosis respectively. Condom was the preferred method of family planning method among people living with HIV/AIDS Conclusions and recommendations; Considerable numbers (46.4%) of PLWHA want to have a child currently or in the near future. Who desired children tend to use family planning methods in the future. Thus, regardless of educational status, the childless as well as the youngest should be regarded as groups to be particularly targeted by counseling, and to be provided with information about reproductive rights and options
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    Health Practitioners‘ Compliance with Hypertension Management Guideline and its Associated Factors in Illubabor and BunoBedelle Zones, South West Ethiopia, 2020
    (Addis Ababa University, 2020-06) Mulatu Gebremeskel; Mengistu Daniel ; Alemu Wudma
    Background: To achieve sustainable development goal and to improve management of noncommunicablediseases the federal democratic republic of Ethiopian ministry of healthdeveloped guidelines on clinical andprogrammatic management of major non communicablediseases in 2016. Compliance to hypertension guideline was very low in developing countries leading to compromised quality of life and premature deaths. The aim of this study was to assesscompliance of health practitioners‘ with the 2016 federal democratic republic of Ethiopian ministry of health hypertension management guideline and health system, health practitioners‘, and patient factors associated their compliance in Illubabor and Buno Bedelle zones. Objective: To assess health practitioners‘ compliance with hypertension management guideline and its associated factors in Illubabor and Buno Bedelle zones. Method: A cross-sectional study design from patient medical record data was used to assess for compliance with hypertension management guideline. Medical records of adult Patients treated for hypertension from March 2019 to march 2020wasreviewed. Simple random sampling method was used to select the first study population then systematic sampling was used to select consecutive study populations. The collected data was checked for its completeness, consistency and accuracy before analysis. Data was coded, entered and cleaned using Epi- data 7 and export to SPSS version 25 for analysis. Multivariate analysis was used to obtain a final model describing the significant independent predictors of guidelines compliance. Results: overall compliance of health practitioners‘ to hypertension guideline were found to be poor; only 75(19.5%) of patients were managed following the guideline. In multivariate analysis,availability of resource (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] =0.400, 95% CI: =0.203-0.788), supervisionstatus (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] =0.497, 95% CI: =0.308-0.892), training status (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] =0.250, 95% CI: =0.107-0.584), and appointment status (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=0.091, 95% CI: =0.024-0.352) had significant positive association with compliance tohypertension management guideline. Conclusion: poor compliance is primarily due to a lack of recommending lifestylemodifications. The majority of health practitioners‘ complied with the pharmacological antihypertensive treatment protocols for 238 (62.0%)of the patients.
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    Knowledge and Attitude Towards Nursing Clinical Preceptorship among Nurse Educators Working in Teaching Institutions in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2015-06) Admassu Andreas; Mengistu Daniel
    Background: Despite being a primary target of nursing education, clinical skills are still majorareas of concern among students and novice graduates alike. Clinical preceptorship in nursing is ateaching and guidance program where students are paired with an experienced nurse in the clinicalenvironment to equip them with clinical skills and nursing values. Since nurse educators are oneof the primarily responsible bodies for its effective implementation and eventual success, this studyassessed their knowledge and attitude towards clinical preceptorship. Objectives: To assess the knowledge and attitude towards nursing clinical preceptorship amongnurse educators working in teaching institutions in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: The study was conducted in Addis Ababa and used an institution-based descriptivecross-sectional study method mixed with qualitative approaches. 109 nurse educators participatedin the quantitative data gathering while an in-depth interview with five participants involved innursing education was used for qualitative data gathering. Results: Among the educators, 43.1% were found to be knowledgeable about nursing clinicalpreceptorship and its concepts whereas 96.3% had favorable attitude towards clinicalpreceptorship. A statistically significant association was found between the knowledge ofeducators towards preceptorship and their educational qualifications together with their teachingexperiences. In-depth interviews revealed the existence of a theory-practice gap while shortage offacilities for clinical practice were the main challenges for clinical teachings. Role of nurseeducators in clinical practice was also reported to be minimal. Conclusion and Recommendation: Less than half of the educators were found to have adequateknowledge towards nursing clinical preceptorship whereas the outlook towards it remains almostexclusively favorable. Additionally, clinical practical attachments of students is faced with avariety of challenges. Teaching institutions should focus on enhancing clinical skills of studentsand alleviate the problems it faces while hospitals and healthcare institutions should play their partin producing competent nursing workforce. Further studies related to clinical preceptorship andrelated matters is highly recommended. Keywords: Clinical Preceptorship, Clinical practice, Nurse Educator, Preceptor, Knowledge, Attitude
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    Knowledge Attitude and Associated Factors towards Heart Failure Management Among Nurses Working in Cardiac Unit of Selected Government Hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2020.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2020-06) Mesfin Betelhem; Mengistu Daniel; Habte Teshome
    Pharmacologic, surgical and lifestyle management are the three essential strategies in heart failure management and nurses have a critical input in each of these strategies. The key roles for the nurse in the management of heart failure have largely focused on the follow up and monitoring and provide education about heart failure for the patient. However, there is often a mismatch between a patent’s understanding of their heart failure management and the information provided by the health professional so the objectives of this study was to assess knowledge, attitude and associated factors towards heart failure management among nurses working in cardiac unit at selected government hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2020. Institution based cross sectional study design was conducted among nurses working in cardiac unit at selected government hospitals of Addis Ababa from March to April 2020. 199 nurses who fulfil the inclusion criteria were recruited from selected governmental hospitals by census method. Descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation and percentages are calculated and binary and multivariable logistic regressions were computed to evaluate the association. The study findings revealed that nurses had poor knowledge and positive attitude towards management of heart failure. There were a significant association with age, level of education, year of experience and training with nurse’s knowledge towards heart failure management. The deficient knowledge would certainly have a negative impact on the quality of their practice, and consequently on patients’ outcomes. They need training and standard tool as a guideline for heart failure management to improve their knowledge. Key words; Knowledge, attitude, nurses, heart failure and heart failure management
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    Knowledge Practice and Associated Factors Regarding Care of Acute Coronary Syndrome Among Acute Care Nurses Working at Selected Hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2021-01) Ashine Bizuayehu; Mengistu Daniel ; Alemu Wudma
    Background: Globally cardiovascular diseases are a number one cause of death. Acute coronary syndrome accounts most cardiovascular deaths which is a life threatening condition requires a lifesaving intervention and intensive nursing practice. Acute care nurses play an integral role in the assessment and care of patients with ACS. However we know little about the knowledge and practice of nurses regarding care of ACS. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess knowledge, practice and associated factors regarding care of acute coronary syndrome among acute care nurse working at selected hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 2021. Methods: Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted from February 8 to March 8 among 265 nurses working in ICU, CCU and Emergency departments recruited from selected governmental hospitals by census method. The data was collected by self administeredquestionnaires and entered in to Epi info then transferred to SPSS foranalysis. Descriptive statistics were calculated and also binary logistic regression and multi variable logistic regression were used to determine association. Result: The study revealed that from a total of 265 nurses with a response rate of 95% were participated in this study from which (52%) of the respondents had good knowledge and(56.4%) had good practice regarding care of acute coronary syndrome. There was a significant association between nurses’ knowledge level and training (AOR=9.2, 95%CI (3.4-25.29), P value=0.000) and availability of guidelines (AOR= 7.2, 95%CI (1.5-34.4),P value=0.000). Training (AOR= 9.7 95% CI (3.33-28.5) P value= .000 and working unit(AOR=6.4, 95% CI=1.46-28.4, P=0.014) were also significantly associated with nurse’s practice towards ACS care. Conclusion and recommendations: The results from this study showed that nurses had inadequate knowledge and practice towards ACS care. Lack of guide lines and training are a contributing factors. Therefore, the hospital’s administrative and supportive organizations would better to provide training regarding care of ACS and avail guidelines.
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    Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Towards Testicular Self Examination among Regular Undergraduate Non-Health Sciences University Students, Debre Tabor, Amhara Regional State, North West Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2017-06) Zeleke Shegaw; Mengistu Daniel
    Background: Testicular self-examination is a screening technique that involves inspection and palpation of the testes for early detection of testicular cancer. The incidence of testicular cancer among 15-35 aged males have been increased worldwide despite being rare in the generalpopulation. A significant number of adult men presented with advanced stage of testicular cancerdue to lack of information, knowledge and awareness of early detection measurements. Despite of increasement, nine out of ten testicular cancer cases can be detected by testicular self-examination and almost 90% can be cured if earlier detected. Objective: To assess knowledge, attitude and practice of Testicular-self-examination and associated factors among non- health sciences Debre Tabor University undergraduate regular students, North West Ethiopia,2017 Methods: An institution based cross - sectional quantitative study among 422 DebretaborUniversity students was done. Study participants were stratified based on their year and field ofstudy and selected by simple random sampling method. Pretested structured self-administered questionnaire on March 13/2017 was applied. The data was entered using Epi data version3.1statistical software and analyzed using statistical package for social sciences version 22.0.Univariate, bivariate and multivariate analyses were carried out. Results: A total of 422 respondents were participated with a response rate of 415(98.3%). Out ofthe respondents 132 (31.8%) had good knowledge, half 213(51.3%) of respondents had favorableattitude and 49 (11.8%) had good practice. The major reason 227(62.0%) for not to performtesticular self- examination was not having knowledge about testicular self- examination. Familyhistory of testicular cancer and cues to action were the predictor for knowledge, religion and self-efficacy were predictor for attitude and history of testicular cancer and self-efficacy werepredictor for practice of testicular self- examination at P < 0.05. Conclusion and recommendations: Testicular self- examination knowledge and practice amongrespondents were inadequate due to lack of health promotion for testicular self- examination, buttheir attitude towards TSE was optimal. Debre Tabor University needs to organize workshops,seminar and conference to educate students on knowledge, attitude and practice of TSE.Ministry of health also recommended to advocate early detection of TC through TSE for young adult. Key words: Testicular self-examination, knowledge, attitude, practice, student, Ethiopia
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    Knowledge, Attitude, Practice of Cervical Cancer Screening and Its Associated Factors Among Female Students in Hawassa Universitycollege of Medicine and Health Science Hawassa
    (Addis Ababa University, 2015-06) Tsegaye Shimeles; Mengistu Daniel
    Background: Cervical cancer remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality among womenin the world. It has been estimated that about 500,000 cases of cervical cancer occur worldwideyearly, with 85% occurrence in resource-poor countries. In Ethiopia, cervical cancer is the 2nd most common female cancer in women aged 15 to 44 years and 7,095 new cervical cancer casesare diagnosed annually. The most common factors which contribute for cervical cancer and its prevention are: inadequate knowledge about the disease, early initiation of sexual intercourse and multiple sexual partner. Therefore; basic knowledge and an early screening for cervical cancer isa key intervention in reduction of maternal deaths secondary to cervical cancer. Objectives: To assess the knowledge, attitude, practice of cervical cancer screening and itsassociated factors among female students in Hawassa University College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa Ethiopia 2015. Methods: A cross sectional quantitative survey was conducted using a pretested anonymous self-administered questionnaire among female students in Hawassa University College of Medicineand Health Sciences from January, 2015 to May 30. The study subjects were selected using by lottery method of simple random sampling technique and a total of 422 female students aged 18-26 years took part in the study. Six diploma midwives were employed to facilitate data collection.The collected data were entered in using EPI-info version 3.5.1 software and exported to SPSversion 20 for further analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis wasconducted to examine the factors associated with knowledge, attitude and practice towardscervical cancer screening. For data processing and analysis, SPSS version 20 was used Results: overall, (76.8%) of the female students had heard about cervical cancer. Risk factorslike having multiple sexual partners and initiation of sexual intercourse at early age by and Humanpapilloma virus were mainly reported risk factors for cervical cancer by 189 (49.7%) and 47.4%of respondents respectively. Of the risk factors, 189 (49.77% ) of students indicated that having multiple sexual partners and initiation of sexual intercourse at early age were commonly reported risk factor for cervical cancer while 180(47.4%) of them identified Human papilloma virusBut only 202(53.3%) of the respondents were heard about cervical cancer screening, and almostnear to half 48.2 of the respondent were not knew whether there is screening procedures to detectearly stages of cervical cancer. There were poor practice of cervical cancer screening amongfemale students. Also almost near to half 170(44.7%) of the students had negative attitude towardsscreening practice. Conclusion: More than half of the respondents knew about risk factors and symptoms of cervicalcancer fairly and most of the students heard about cervical cancer. But most of the respondentswere not heard weather there is screening methods for early detection of cervical cancer and poorpractice of screening. Keywords:Cervical cancer, Cervical cancer screening, Knowledge, Attitude, Practice
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    Necrotizing Enterocolitis and Associated Factors among Enteral Feed Preterm and Low Birth Weight Neonates Admitted in Selected Public Hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2020.
    (Addis Abeba University, 2020-06) Molla Sitotaw; Mengistu Daniel ; Abebe Fikertemariam
    Background: NEC is the most common multifactorial and devastating gastrointestinalemergency, and primarily affects premature infants particularly in those born at, <32 weeks’gestation and/or <1,500gm birth weight in neonatal intensive care units worldwide. Objective:To assess prevalence and factors associate with NEC among enteral feed preterm and low birth weight neonates admitted in NICU in selected public hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2020. Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 25 to May 10,2020 among preterm neonates admitted from January 1, 2019 to January 1, 2020 on 350 samplesin Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A simple random sampling technique was used to select samplingunits and study participants’ medical card. Data was collected using structured format datacollection tool by 4 trained BSc nurses. Data was entered to Epi-data 4.6 and exported to SPSS V26 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistics regression was used to analyze theassociation between dependent and independent variables and P-value <0.05 at 95% CI wasdeclared statistically significant. Finally, text and tables was used for data presentation. Result: The overall prevalence of NEC was 89 (25.4%) of infant found developed NEC. The majority of neonates who developed NEC were 10.6% of them are 28+1 to 32 weeks, and those who were 32+1 to 34, 34+1 to 36+6 and <=28 weeks of gestational age accounts 10.2%, 2.6% and 2% respectively. Likewise, most 11.7% of them are VLBW (1000 to 1499gm) and the rest8.3% are 1500 to 2499g and less than 1000gm birth weight neonate’s accounts 5.4%. From January 2019 to January 2020, we reviewed 89 neonates with NEC. Forty-nine of the infants recovered from NEC (14.0%) and 40 (11.4%) infants deaths were attributed to NEC. Conclusion:Out of 350 preterm and low birth weight neonates, 89 (25.4%) of neonates developed NEC.From the 89 infants with NEC 49(14.0%) of them were improved and 40 (11.4%) of infant wasdied. Gestational age, low APGAR score, birth weight, chorioamnionitis, hypertension,prolonged labor, neonates colonized by pathogenic bacteria/ having early or late onset infectionand use of CPAP ventilation were observed as significantly predicting factor associated with thediagnosis of NEC in the study area.