Necrotizing Enterocolitis And Associated Factors Among Enteral Feed Preterm And Low Birth Weight Neonates Admitted In Selected Public Hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2020.
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Date
2020-06
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Addis Abeba University
Abstract
Background: NEC is the most common multifactorial and devastating gastrointestinal
emergency, and primarily affects premature infants particularly in those born at, <32 weeks’
gestation and/or <1,500gm birth weight in neonatal intensive care units worldwide. Objective:
To assess prevalence and factors associate with NEC among enteral feed preterm and low birth
weight neonates admitted in NICU in selected public hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2020.
Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 25 to May 10,
2020 among preterm neonates admitted from January 1, 2019 to January 1, 2020 on 350 samples
in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A simple random sampling technique was used to select sampling
units and study participants’ medical card. Data was collected using structured format data
collection tool by 4 trained BSc nurses. Data was entered to Epi-data 4.6 and exported to SPSS V
26 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistics regression was used to analyze the
association between dependent and independent variables and P-value <0.05 at 95% CI was
declared statistically significant. Finally, text and tables was used for data presentation.
Result: The overall prevalence of NEC was 89 (25.4%) of infant found developed NEC. The
majority of neonates who developed NEC were 10.6% of them are 28+1 to 32 weeks, and those
who were 32+1 to 34, 34+1 to 36+6 and <=28 weeks of gestational age accounts 10.2%, 2.6%
and 2% respectively. Likewise, most 11.7% of them are VLBW (1000 to 1499gm) and the rest
8.3% are 1500 to 2499g and less than 1000gm birth weight neonate’s accounts 5.4%. From
January 2019 to January 2020, we reviewed 89 neonates with NEC. Forty-nine of the infants
recovered from NEC (14.0%) and 40 (11.4%) infants deaths were attributed to NEC. Conclusion:
Out of 350 preterm and low birth weight neonates, 89 (25.4%) of neonates developed NEC.
From the 89 infants with NEC 49(14.0%) of them were improved and 40 (11.4%) of infant was
died. Gestational age, low APGAR score, birth weight, chorioamnionitis, hypertension,
prolonged labor, neonates colonized by pathogenic bacteria/ having early or late onset infection
and use of CPAP ventilation were observed as significantly predicting factor associated with the
diagnosis of NEC in the study area.
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Keywords
Prematurity, Necrotizing Enterocolitis, Low birth weight, Enteral feeding, NICU.