Browsing by Author "Abebe, Mulugeta (PhD)"

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    Assessing Institutional Frameworks Contributing to Entrepreneurship Development: the Case of Selected Woredas of Kolfe Keraniyo, Lideta and Gulelle Sub Cities
    (Addis Ababa University, 2016-03) Deresse, Tigiste; Abebe, Mulugeta (PhD)
    This study is concerned with assessing the institutional framework that can develop entrepreneurship with taking three sub cities of Addis Ababa namely Kolfe Keraniyo, Lideta and Gullele as a case. The study is geared towards answering key questions related to policies and strategies in place to facilitate and encourage entrepreneurial activities among Micro and Small enterprises, assistance provided by Woredas‟ SME development bureaus responsive to the needs of the enterprises, the linkage and coordination among Woredas‟ SME development bureaus and other government and non-government institutions involved in entrepreneurship development process and problems related to the Woredas‟ SMEs‟ development bureaus‟ institutional framework that entrepreneurs are operating under and has made endeavors on identifying the major problems of the current institutional environment. Data have been collected from 100 respondent enterprises and also interviews were conducted with FeMSEDA officials and the Woreda officials operating under the selected sub cities. The policies, strategies and procedures of entrepreneurship development in the country have been reviewed. Data analysis revealed significant differences in the needs of the entrepreneur and the encouragement of the Agency in the success of the enterprises. The study findings have revealed that though the strategy and procedures indeed encourage small firms, the institutional framework and way of implementation still need to be improved to promote entrepreneurship. Key words: Institutional Framework, Entrepreneurship, Federal Micro and Small Enterprise Development Agency
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    Assessing the Role of Development partners on Agricultural Extension Delivery: the Case of Sasakawa Global 2000 Ethiopia in Gumer Woreda
    (Addis Ababa University, 2017-06) Tamrat, Temesgen; Abebe, Mulugeta (PhD)
    This thesis assesses the role of Sasakawa Global 2000 Ethiopia on agricultural extension delivery in Gumer woreda, SNNP, Ethiopia. The study has been focused on examining achievements and challenges of the implementation of SEADE project implemented by SG 2000 Ethiopia collaborating with stakeholders funded by Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. The objective of the study is to evaluate the achievements and challenges of SEADE project to increase productivity of smallholder farmers by strengthen the agricultural extension delivery in Gumer woredas. In doing this, exploratory and explanatory approaches with qualitative and quantitative methods are employed. However, the research has involved more of qualitative than quantitative method. Purposive and random sampling techniques are employed in order to select the study sites within Gumer Wereda and study respondents respectively. To collect the required primary source of data, instruments of data collection which include questionnaire, interview, focus group discussion and practical site observation were used. Secondary source of data to strengthen the primary source of data was also carefully examined. In the study, it is revealed that Regarding research findings, erratic rainfall, low soil fertility, fragmented land of households, lack of education, shortage of capital and high cost of agricultural inputs, limit of credit access constrained the households while participating the SEADE project .Based on the results, the study concluded that SEAD project was valuable and relevant to smallholder farmers’ agricultural activity needs and agricultural productivity of the study area. The major recommendations put forwarded are accelerating the agricultural extension delivery sustainably; capacitating and motivating with attractive incentive of DAs; timely provision of agricultural inputs and subsides; facilitating market linkage both for farm inputs and products by development partners; increasing the number of FTCs; and finally using low cost water harvest irrigation technologies with high yielding varieties and related packages. Key words : agricultural extension delivery, Sasakawa Global 2000 Ethiopia, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Gumer woreda, smallholder farmers, SEADE project
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    An Assessment of Challenges and Prospects of Local Level Council in Promoting Democracy the Case of selected Woredas in Addis Ababa City Administration
    (Addis Ababa University, 2013-05) Abebaw, Mesfin; Abebe, Mulugeta (PhD)
    Local government is the tier of public authority that citizens first look to solve their immediate social problems. Among all the public institutions at local level, council has a special status and authority as local elected bodies. They are uniquely placed to provide vision and leadership to their local communities. They are able to make things happen on the ground where it really matters. The government of Ethiopia in general and Addis Ababa city administration in particular establishes council at different tiers of government as parliamentary control mechanism to ensure effective policy implementation, promote local democracy and improve service delivery. However, woreda councils in Addis Ababa city administration were not seen playing such role of democracy promotion. Moreover, studies conducted in regional woredas divulged that Woredas council have not yet managed to exercise sufficient local autonomy due to several reasons such as absence of clearly established legal mandate, lack of devolution of power, poor organization of the system and tight control and intervention by higher authorities. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the challenges and prospects that woreda council at Addis Ababa city administration has faced in promoting democracy among grass-root people. It also examines the overall operations of the councils from the viewpoints of democratic government and decentralization In order to pursue the objective of the study the researcher use multi-stage sampling technique and relied on both primary and secondary data source. Primary data collected through questionnaires, interview and observations while secondary data obtained from document analysis like legislation on the issue, minutes and reports complied by counsel’s office. It was found that problems prevailed in regional woreda councils are also impeded woreda councils at Addis Ababa City Administration. The internal working system of woreda councils reflected that executive domination is very soaring, and councils are not responsive to the needs of the community and most importantly democratic essence viz. accountability, transparency, participation and autonomy are not adhered principles in the councils conduct. Therefore, councils as they are impeded by the above-mentioned challenges are playing insignificant role in cultivating democratic value and improving the service delivery to the grass root people. Therefore, it is recommended that the internal working system of councils need to be very transparent, responsive, participatory and free from any unnecessary intervention. Councilors must be sensitive to public interest; legal back up from the city administration is also needed in order to make councils strong, autonomous and powerful. The field that councilors operating also should be open to all stakeholders as the democracy promotion works calls for the involvements of different actors
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    An Assessment of Factors Affecting the Utilization of Maternal Health Care Service Delivery: the Perspective of Rural Women in the Case of Duna Woreda, Hadiya Zone
    (Addis Ababa University, 2015-02) Zeleke, Abaychew; Abebe, Mulugeta (PhD)
    Maternal mortality is a global issue and WHO recommends the use of MHCS to improve the health of women during pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum period. Considering global and national interest in improving maternal health and the fact that Ethiopia is still battling with reducing maternal mortality, understanding the factors affecting the use of MHCS in rural areas is crucial as the women are seen as more vulnerable due to inequity issues. EDHS (2011) show that the utilization of MHCS is low particularly in rural areas. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess factors influencing maternal health care services utilization among rural women in Duna Woreda, Hadiya zone, SNNPR. A descriptive cross sectional study was carried out in the selected four rural kebeles. The study adopted the quantitative and qualitative approach of data collection and analysis. Structured interview questionnaires and FGDs were administered in data collection. Three hundred forty one (341) study units were sampled for survey using random sampling technique particularly systematic sampling method were employed whereas non random technique were used for selecting 40 FGD discussants. Analysis was done using SPSS version 16. Findings revealed that the use of MHCS is inadequate in relation to the WHO standards. This was evident from findings of the study where ANC visit attendance was 43.2% and the first initiation of ANC visit occur at late stage of pregnancy for almost 86% of the respondents. In the same fashion, only 29.7% of women respondents were deliver their babies at health institutions whereas the use of PADC service has reached to 38% whereas the coverage of PNC service utilization is better than others which accounts to 53.3% in the studied area. The most important socio-economic and health institution related factors were significantly associated with all the maternal health outcomes. Similarly the areal and socio-cultural factors were significantly associated with all the maternal health outcomes as disabling factors. However, no significant association was established among exposure to mass media, privacy and confidentiality of the service, number of children of respondents and the maternal health outcomes. It is recommended that the Health sector engages in increasing the accessibility of health facility, strengthening the capacity of rural health facilities and inter-sectoral collaboration to address women equity issues. Effective integration of TBAs with professional Health personnel in promoting MHCS is needed to improve utilization of MHCS in rural area. Promoting information, education and communication in the community is also recommended to favorably affect the major predictors of MHC service utilization
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    Assessment of Human Resource Capacity Building Interventions by Selected International Organizations - (Achievements, Challenges and Prospects) the Case of Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research
    (Addis Ababa University, 2017-06) Abiye, Henok; Abebe, Mulugeta (PhD)
    The objective of the study is to assess human resource capacity building initiatives and engagement of selected international research organizations, and investigate achievements and challenges as well as provide with recommendations that help Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research to realize its missions through competitive and fully capacitated human resource. This study reviewed the composition of employees, with sample size of 124, with regard to age, service year in EIAR, educational and position profile in the institute; and their familiarity in human resource capacity building training practice – need assessment, training deliver methods, monitoring and evaluation of training and capacity building interventions. The study also reviewed and analyses the involvement of selected CG center organizations in area of human resource capacity development programs for EIAR employees. The study analyzed the data collected through semi-structured survey questions, key informant interviewees from EIAR and experts from selected partner CG research centers based in Ethiopia such as ILRI, IFPRI and CIMMYT. The study reveals that, mainly in the organization, there is an absence of systematic employee training needs assessment and weak participation of relevant stakeholders in the training planning and need assessment stages. On top of that, the partner organizations face challenges while they seek to engage in capacity building training for EIAR employees. The finding of the study has been drawn from the analysis on the existence of big gap in terms of maintaining the collaboration between the EIAR and the partner organizations. Besides the culture of evaluation training and development is found weak which indeed needed to be customized and implemented to keep the learning process from identified improvement areas. Finally the researcher recommends the implementation of systematic capacity building training and development process with comprehensive guideline that aligned with holistic approach and sound engagement of partner international organizations for impactful training and capacity development intervention at all level in Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research
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    Assessment of Policies and Practices of Doing Business in Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2014-06) Million, Tewodros; Abebe, Mulugeta (PhD)
    This research aims to investigate policies and practices of doing business in Ethiopia with a special emphasizes on policies and practices of business start-ups and access to credit facility. For the purpose of this study, the population that the researcher identified to conduct this research were the small and medium sized enterprises in Addis Ababa. As the complete coverage of the population is not possible, a subset of the population was selected. To conduct this study a descriptive survey method was employed and purposive sampling method were employed and for that reason judgmental sampling technique was identified to be more appropriate and preferable for this study. Furthermore, the data were collected through closed and open ended questionnaires, interviews and document review. Thus, questionnaires were analyzed using descriptive methods which mainly focused on data presentation and analysis using frequencies and percentiles with the help of tables and figures. The information gleaned through questionnaire from a sample of 50 small and medium sized enterprise owners and face-to-face interviews were conducted with high officials from Ministry of Trade and National Bank of Ethiopia. To this end, the major findings were the role of Small and Medium sized enterprises; in policymaking process, in ameliorating the business start-up registrations and also in ameliorating the credit facility to the ease of doing business is very low in our country. There exists also a less transparent system of credit facility and it was identified that there has been few reforms done so far. Thus in light of the major problems the following recommendations were forwarded, policy initiatives could produce a better result if problems are conducted or policies are initiated from bottom –up approach or from the general public instead of top-down approach by Ministry department or the incumbent party. The policies or the reforms done could be more successful if it relies up on creating a single interface: the one-stop shop and utilizing information and communication technologies and the policies and procedures of the institutions like Commercial Banks providing credit service to the SMEs is dependent up on its flexibility. From this point of view, the challenges shall be minimized by enhancing the quality of access to credit and other risk management products
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    Assessment of Public Sector Capacity Building Program/PSCAP/ Implementation with Particular Reference to Civil Service Reform Sub-Program (Achievements, Challenges and Prospects) the Case of Addis Ababa City Government
    (Addis Ababa University, 2010-06) Bellete, Nebyou; Abebe, Mulugeta (PhD)
    The objective of the study is to evaluate and critically assess the implementation of PSCAP project in Addis Ababa City Government with particular reference to the civil service reform sub program and its contribution on performance improvement of service delivery. In order to achieve the stated objective, some factors are used to assess and evaluate the program, which focuses on five aspects namely Top management system, Human resource management, Expenditure management, Civil service ethics, and Service delivery reform. The population of the study was grouped in to higher officials, PSCAP technical staffs, civil servants, stakeholders and customers. Based on this, the survey was carried out on three hierarchical levels (center, sub city and kebelle). To analyze the data, semi- structured questionnaires were prepared and distributed to the all levels of employees under the city government hierarchical offices, In addition to the questionnaires, semi structured interview was carried out with key PSCAP stakeholders. Bearing in mind of this focus group discussion and, field observation was conducted to triangulate the response. The data were analyzed through quantitative and qualitative methods. The statistical method used to analyze the quantitative data was percentage, ranges and comparison of the data. The data obtained by using questionnaires were uploaded and enlarged in to percentages by using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). The analysis of the data revealed that in spite of the constraints, the Addis Ababa city government CSRP implementation has made some progress in meeting the development objectives stipulated under PSCAP. To improve service delivery, quick wins and BPR have been implemented at all level, to strengthen the human resource extensive training have been conducted to enhance transparency and accountability accounts and budgetary reforms have been implemented, furthermore, different rule, directives and guidelines have been developed as part of the CSRP. However, the findings also indicated some problems in the reform implementation, for instance as a reform leader the top managements had not discharge their responsibilities in reform realization, the reform trend is not sustainable and continuous phenomena, there is irregularity on the pace of the reform implementation and sense of ownership is not yet deepened. Most of the HRM activities are not fully implemented. The HRM activities so far done were more focused on paper works such as development of guide line, procedures, and regulations. Some of the activities of expenditure management and control system have not been implemented. The finding also indicated the existence of corruption and unethical practices. And also services are still provided based on favoritism or nepotism in the Addis Ababa city service providing institutions. PSCAP institutional and implementation arrangements are not clearly designed. The findings also indicate that all implementing organs of PSCAP are not play their roles and responsibilities as assigned in the PIP. The fund utilization is not effective as well as the PSCAP financial disbursement is poorly performed. Finally, concerning the overall impact of CSRP, the findings indicated that the implementation of PSCAP-CSRP brings some changes and improves the city government’s performance of service delivery system; however, the result is not encouraging as expected Thus the impact of CSRP in the improvement of public service delivery is little. Therefore, it is recommended that the top management must develop sense of ownership, build up their competence and enhance capacities of employees. Integrate the CSRP sub components, prioritize its implementation and execute continuous coaching and evaluation are also recommended. Furthermore, for effective implementation of PSCAP, redesigned institutional and implementation arrangements as well as provide strong supports are so vital
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    Assessment of Science, Technology and Innovation Policy and its Implementation: the Case of Ministry of Science and Technology of Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2015-02) Tsegaye, Hewan; Abebe, Mulugeta (PhD)
    Assessment of the formulation and implementation of science, technology and innovation policy help to identify the effectiveness of STI policy and its Implementation . The scope of the research study was restricted to see only the policy formulation and implementation process in the MoST and the institutions or organizations that are accountable to MoST .To carry out the assessment study , extensive literature review was carried out which formed the background knowledge to the study as well as provided the necessary input to the discussion of the findings from the study . The instrument for data collection was an interview and a structured questionnaire that was designed on a 5-p0int Likert scale to be able to collect quantitative data. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. The reliability was determined 0.774 with Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Four dimensions, namely STI policy formulation process, STI policy content, STI policy monitoring and evaluation and overall effectiveness of STI policy formulation and implementation have been established. The finding of the study indicated that the science technology and innovation policy making process/formulation/ was effective where as its implementation was found ineffective. The study recommended that the development of STI Policy implementation strategy , good coordination mechanisms and monitoring and evaluation mechanisms should be implemented
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    Assessment of Service Delivery Performance and Management in Civil Registration and Vital Statistics Systems: The Case of Addis Ababa City Government
    (A.A.U, 2010-06) Sime, Yidenekachew; Abebe, Mulugeta (PhD)
    Civil registration is a state- run information system, which provides individual and aggregate information, from a single source . The compiled statistical information from these same records are required by the society and the state, in the planning, service rendering, monitoring and evaluation of economic and social services at all levels of government administration. The study has. theaim of developing a comprehensive understanding of perceptions, current practices and legal and policy frame works on civil registration and vital statistics system at different levels and proposing new approaches for a fully functional civil registration system that is compulsory, universal, permanent and continuous in Ethiopia in general and in Addis Ababa in particular. Hence, this study was conducted to assess the performance of civil registration and vital statistics system, the case of Addis Ababa City Government. For the purpose of this study, data were collected using questionnaires, interview, focus group discussion and document review. Samples of respondents were drawn from diverse population on the basis of random sampling (employees, customers, officials, professionals , consultants, process owners, top management and federal ministries and agency officials). The data were analyzed using both qualitative (descriptive) and quantitative approaches. The findings of the study revealed that kebeles and sub cities are capable of handling the service delivery and management of vital registration system in Addis Ababa. Another finding of this study is that there is no permanent, compulsory and continuous vital events registration system operating in Ethiopia. The office of vital registration is effective in achieving the intended objective by providing its customers standardized service. For the system to work, it should be legally established run by responsible government body, centrally coordinated and compulsory. Therefore, it is concluded that the government should speed up, the existing civil registration legislation process currently underway. Therefore, it is recommended that the population must be oriented to the need value, and purpose of vital registration. It is also suggested to use UN guidelines and recommendations as a basis in the civil registration and vital statistics systems. It is also suggested that, there should be institutional linkages in facilitating integration, h harmonization and coordination of efforts in order to avoid currently going on duplication of efforts. The government should be involved in capacity building, advocacy and work in partnership with NGOs and civil society. Further, initiation and implementation of vital registration system requires various studies and researches before such a program is started .
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    An Assessment of Service Delivery Practices in Angolelaena Tera Woreda Educational Office of North Showa Zone, Amhara Region
    (Addis Ababa University, 2017-06) Mohammed, Endris; Abebe, Mulugeta (PhD)
    Ethiopian government has implemented Education for All to improve the human capacity status of the citizen in order to have skilled man power. One of the area to produce skilled manpower is primary, secondary and preparatory Schools under the coordination and supervising of Woreda Education Office. The main focus of the study was to undertake how service delivery Practices implement in Angolelaena Tera Woreda Educational Office for their internal customers. As to the research methodology, descriptive method was used. Purposive based on geographical location to select sample school. Five (5) primary schools, two (2) secondary schools and one (1) preparatory school were purposively selected from the Woreda. From these schools a total of 130 teachers were randomly chosen. Purposive sampling was utilized to select Woreda Office Administrators. Observations and interview were applied to obtain first-hand information. Furthermore, the data were collected through closed and open ended questionnaires, interviews and document review. Thus, questionnaires were analyzed using descriptive methods which mainly focused on data presentation and analysis using frequencies and percentiles. To this end, the major findings were the service delivery which is given in Woreda Educational Office for their internal customer has some shortage like doing things based on standard, with written and transparency information for all teachers which are working indifferent schools. Speeding up the service delivery on education standards, transparently, free communication, human capacity building for teachers and administrative bodies the major recommendations put forwarded
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    Assessment of the Challenges and Outcomes of Empowerment Strategies to Improve Maternal and Child Health (The Case of Haik Health Center)
    (Addis Ababa University, 2016-11) Demessie, Tekuamework; Abebe, Mulugeta (PhD)
    The main objective of this study is to assess the major outcomes and the challenges that hinder the effectiveness of empowerment strategies to improve maternal and child health. The study also investigated the measures taken to empower the community and also find out the possible challenges that may hinder the effective implementation of the empowerment strategies. Moreover, it also assesses the attitude of the community towards the empowerment strategies. To this end, different policy documents, organizational reports and published and unpublished materials were reviewed. 42 health professionals working on maternal and child health issues in the health center filled questionnaires using census sampling method and 88 mothers who use service of the health center have filled questionnaires by convenience sampling technique. Maternal officer, child officer and head of the health center were interviewed using structured questions. Descriptive research design is also used in this research. The findings of the study revealed that, there are great measures taken by the government and health professionals to empower the community to use maternal and child care services. These measures are organizing women in to health development army (HDA) group, organizing women conference to provide information and making maternal and child care services free of charge. These measures brought about a major outcome in the health of mothers and newborns, increase health care coverage and significant reduction in maternal and child death. However, there are still challenges that hinder the full achievement of the empowerment strategies. These problems are the top down approach of the policy without the involvement of community groups, socio-cultural beliefs and perceptions, low educational level of women, less support of men partners and shortage of necessary logistics and qualified and experienced health professionals. To solve the above mentioned and other related problems, the researcher suggested some measures to be taken. These are; equip the health center with the necessary materials and qualified health professionals, increase the knowledge of women by supporting women education and giving trainings regularly, strengthen HDAs and different community associations, providing proper and long term training for health professionals, giving a great emphasis for community participation in designing and implementation of health policies and empower not only the community but also health professionals
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    Assessment of the effects of decentralization on urban service delivery: case study on education and health services deliverance at Debre Markos town, Amhara National Regional State
    (Addis Ababauniversity, 2011-05) Muktar, Mahmud; Abebe, Mulugeta (PhD)
    In Ethiopia rapid urbanization is the product of socio economic development. As a result urban populations have been growing in an alarming rate. This situation mainly aggravated by the two major features: rural-urban migration and natural increase of the population. Due to these demographic changes, pressure put on urban centers in which residents hardly get quality and efficient services. To tackle down such urban problems, the GoE has established decentralization policy that aimed to transfer powers, responsibilities and resources from the central government to regional, zonal, and Wereda levels of administration. This research has given emphasis on education and health service delivery in Debermarkos town case. In this town basic services provision intricate with social problems: inadequate and poor quality of services, less accountability and transparency, insignificant number of professionals, low institutional capacity and minimum public participation in planning, monitoring and decision making process. But these poor conditions of service providers of had not been assessed or studied (i.e. academically); it couldn’t be identified, determined, evaluated and recognized the hindrance for effective implementation of decentralization at the district level. The research used qualitative and quantitative data. This study has assessed the local service providers’ performance in line to quality indicators and the governance values indicators: accountability, transparency and community involvement in the improvement and provision of services. From the findings, it concluded that that decentralization obviously shown improvement in service delivery particularly in schools’ and health centers’ service delivery activities: service providers could perform their duties with autonomy, improve quality and efficient services delivery. However, administrative constraints: clarity of responsibility, accountability, open information flows, and participation have made the services provisions inadequate. The paper suggests that public service providers should be participatory, transparent (free access to information), empowered to decide administrative issues autonomously, accountable to the community, dynamic to identify community interest and should include community input in strategic planning and decision making process in the public service providers. Key words: decentralization, autonomy, accountability, transparent, participation, social service: education service, health service
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    Assessment of the Factors Leading to Brain Drain and Implications to the Development of Health Sector in Addis Ababa: A Case Study of two Public Hospitals
    (Addis Ababa University, 2016-06) Minda, Eyerusalem; Abebe, Mulugeta (PhD)
    The main intent of this research study is to assess the factors leading brain drain and its implication on the development of health sectors. To this effect, push and pull factors of brain drain including the major drivers were incorporated in the study under review. A likert scale questionnaires was employed to specifically address the research questions. Both primary and secondary source of data were used in this particular study. Further the researcher use purposive sampling particularly convenience sampling method to select the two public hospitals where as, a census method were employed in addressing physicians. Accordingly, 94 physicians had been contacted from the total 119 target population. The research findings revealed that the brain drain has adversely affect the health care service delivery of the hospitals under review as well as the development of health sectors of the country as a whole. Eventually, possible recommendations were drawn considering the major research findings and conclusion of the study. Key words: Concept of brain drain, Determinant of Brain drain, Push and pull factors
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    Assessment of the Impact of Productive Safety Net Programme on the Lives of the Beneficiaries in Ethiopia: the Case of Dera Malo Woreda, Gamo Gofa Zone, SNNPR
    (Addis Ababa University, 2011-04) Kalsa, Kataru; Abebe, Mulugeta (PhD)
    Chronic food insecurity is one of the main problems which affected millions of Ethiopians for centuries. To solve this problem, the government of Ethiopia has been undertaking different programmes. Though large amount of expenditure was outplayed before 2005, it was unable to solve the problem of food insecurity because it was not provided timely and unpredictable. Moreover it has a dependency syndrome. Thus, due to the limitations of the previous measures, currently different programmes were being undertaken under the umbrella of FSP. PSNP was one of these programmes. It has two components i.e. public works and direct support. It was aimed at smoothening consumption and preventing assets from depletion at household level and creating assets at community level. Hence, the general objective of this study was to assess and explore different impacts (both positive and negative) of PSNP on the lives of the beneficiary households in Dera Malo Woreda. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches were employed. The data were gathered from 116 household heads through household survey questionnaires, and from other respondents through key informant interviews and focus group discussion. By employing these instruments it founded that the programme has both positive and negative impacts. The positive impacts were it smoothened and improved food consumption for those who properly used the transfers; it improved household assets and prevented it from depletion at household level; community assets were improved and rehabilitated with little quality and ownership problems; and though the number was small, it reduced the number of chronically poor people. On the other hand, the programme resulted in different unintended results. These were though seasonal, commodities and goods especially food items became expensive and it was difficult to find food items after the payment of the transfer; some work beyond their capacity especially during maintenance of roads and they face shortage of time for their household activities; it sent some wrong messages to have more children initially; discourage hard work to some extent; confusion over who should undertake developmental activities; encourage dependency to some extent, and leads to more debt. Finally, this work forwards some points which will help to maximize the positive impacts and minimize the negative ones of the programme. These are all household members should be included; the transfer should be able to cover the living costs and fair; the beneficiaries should stay in the programme for the stated period; and the payment was better if based on the preference of the households. To minimize the negative impacts, the principles of the programme should be properly applied; awareness giving should be undertaken, changing the cash payment in to different materials if necessary and autonomy for DAs
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    Assessment of the Implementation of Performance Management System in Commercial Bank of Ethiopia Using the Balanced Score Card: the Case of Selected Branches Under West Addis Ababa District
    (Addis Ababa University, 2016-06) Mijena, Temesgen; Abebe, Mulugeta (PhD)
    This study is concerned with the performance management system in Commercial Bank of Ethiopia with reference to selected branches under West Addis Ababa district. To this end, the study has made an effort to thoroughly assess the implementation status of PMS processes, to identify and investigate achievements and constraints associated with the current PMS tool being used by the bank, the balanced score card (BSC). In doing so, the study was geared towards answering key research questions relevant with performance management system in the bank. The study has used both primary and secondary data sources. The primary data has been collected through structured self administered questionnaire and in-depth interview. The results of the questionnaire were analyzed using SPSS (statistical packages for social science) to get descriptive statistics. Qualitative data collected through in-depth interviews, open ended questions and document review were analyzed and summarized contextually. Frequency table and percentage was used to present the data analyzed.The results of the study have revealed that though the bank has good qualities in defining its strategic objective and other pre- requisites to PMS implementation, the performance management system of the bank in general and the study district in particular needs serious consideration as majority of the processes of PMS have not been well implemented yet. In general, the researcher has recommended that the bank has to involve all employees in performance planning process, create awareness about the concept and advantage of PMS through training, revisit its goal and target setting, develop and utilize automated software for data tracking, ensure provision of ongoing and consistent feedback and coaching to performers, and link performance result with reward and sanction, for better improvement of performance of West Addis Ababa district in particular and CBE‟s in general. Key Words: Performance Management, employees, Balanced Score Card, Commercial Bank of Ethiopia, strategic objective, West Addis Ababa district
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    An Assessment of Urban Housing Supply and Affordability in Jimma town: with special reference to Condominium Housing.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2010-06) Alemu, Habte; Abebe, Mulugeta (PhD)
    This study has been conducted in Jimma town of ONRS with the general objective of assessing urban housing supply and its affordability with special reference to condominium housing. It also attempted to identify the factors which affected affordably condominium housing supply and local residents to afford for condominium housing in the town as well as to assess whether the condominium housing supply can solve the problems of urban housing for the urban poor. Data for this research were collected mainly through a survey of 180 households (120 households from non condominium residents and 60 households from condominium housing resident respondents) and analyzed using descriptive statistics and SPSS 15. The study found that, supplying of standard low cost housing for low and middle income groups are affected by high cost of local constructional materials, low level of income the majority of the residents, high housing costs and low capacity of the majority of the residents to afford for condominium housing in the study area. Beneficiaries of condominium housing were on average, those who were classified as high and middle income categories of the residents. The study also showed that, condominium housing beneficiaries are better off in terms of both mean monthly income and saving than the non condominium housing residents. Household with higher income categories are also those with higher monthly saving than the lower income categOly. As a result there was strong correlation between household income and saving with r =0.621 (**). This showed that, household of higher income can save higher amount of their income that enables them to afford standard condominium housing. Some of the major constraints for the low and middle income groups to afford for condominium hal/sing were low level of their income, high housing costs per meter square, and high burden of down payments and lack of access to housing subsidies. On the other hand, the main constraints of the implementers to provide affordable condominium housing were untimely completion of the project works, lack of well trained man power in the constructional sector, lack of qualified contractors and the high transportation cost of the constructiollal materials. The study also showed that, there is no special attention given to low income groups and female headed households to be the owner of condomillium housing units. Many condominium housing residents are satisfied with the services provided at the condominium housing sites and the quality of the housing units than their previous residential housing units. The overall analysis also indicated that, condominium housing projects are undertaken in Jimllla town without considering the capacity of low and middle income groups of the town residents to afford for condominium housing. Analysis in general also showed that, condominium housing project in the study area were regionally guided program and that it did not take in to account the local situation of a given area. This contributed to the affordability problems of the local people for the condominium housing units cOllstructed ill the study area. The study also showed that, the intended objectives of condominium housing programs to provide 60 percent of the condominium housing units for low and middle income groups and 30 percent of the housing unit for female headed households has not been well applied in to the study area and the developers of condominium housing are far from achieving the intended objectives.
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    Assessment on Employees’ Attitude Towards the Implementation of Private Pension Scheme:the Case of Save the Children International
    (Addis Ababa University, 2016-05) Abebe, Netsanet; Abebe, Mulugeta (PhD)
    The primary objective of this study is to assess the attitudes of employees, at Save the Children, on the implementation of the recently introduced private pension scheme. In this sense, self- administered structured questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data while in depth interview was used for the qualitative study. Simple random sampling was used to select respondents from the total population of Save the Children Addis Ababa/International –based staff members who were previously part of provident fund scheme. The researcher has followed the approach of descriptive qualitative research method and applied simple random sampling technique. The data have been collected using structured, semi-structured questionnaires and interviews, as well as reading materials of the target area. The finding from the descriptive analysis revealed that employees of Save the Children International were well aware of the pros and cons of both the pension and provident fund schemes. The second finding disclosed that the majority of the employees prefer the provident fund over the pension scheme. The analysis also indicated employees’ dissatisfaction with the implementation of the private pension scheme and the consequent several different factors were attached with the dissatisfaction. The findings, therefore, suggested the need for government to further improve the implementation modality of Private Employees’ Pension Proclamation No. 715/2011 in such a way it protects the safety of all citizens. Among such complementary measures is the provision of preretirement withdrawals/loans to those NGO employees with less than 10 years of experience and who would be forced to leave a certain job and wait for the other to come as the lifetimes of jobs in the NGO sector are naturally contract-based and obviously are regulated by the phasing-in and phasing-out projects. The measures, therefore, must protect the interests of the services and tributes of this section of the society from this danger of ending-up with being nothing for their later times; and, in this sense, the measures must benefit these employees to be able to get their genuine tributes and possibly invest for other sources of income that would ensure their living during their retirement ages. Key words: Pension Scheme, Private Pension Scheme, Provident Fund
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    Bringing Children’s Rights to the Centre of Public Policy: ‘Promoting Policy Advocacy and Partnership for the Children’s Wellbeing in the Multiethnic Region, SNNP’
    (Addis Ababa University, 2011-02) Dugda, Mebratu; Abebe, Mulugeta (PhD)
    G e n e r a l t r e a t i e s o n c h i l d r e n ` s r i g h t s c a m e i n t o v i e w o n l y a f t e r t h e c a r n a g e a n d a t r o c i t i e s o f t h e 1 9 3 0 s a n d 1 9 4 0 s . O v e r t h e p a s t d e c a d e s , h o w e v e r f i t f u l , m e a s u r a b l e p r o g r e s s h a s b e e n m a d e i n a n e f f o r t t o c r e a t e a n i n t e r n a t i o n a l r u l e s - b a s e d s y s t e m t o p r o t e c t h u m a n r i g h t s . T h e E t h i o p i a n g o v e r n m e n t h a s a l s o s h o w n i n t e r e s t i n t h i s e n d e a v o r b y a d o p t i n g d i f f e r e n t p o l i c i e s a n d c o n v e n t i o n o n t h e r i g h t s o f c h i l d r e n . D e s p i t e s o m e n o t a b l e p r o g r e s s e s , y e t , c h i l d f u n d a m e n t a l r i g h t s h a v e r e m a i n e d a m a j o r c h a l l e n g e i n E t h i o p i a a n d S N N P r e g i o n . L e g i s l a t i v e / p o l i c i e s i n t r o d u c e d o v e r t h e p a s t y e a r s h a v e n o t m a d e s i g n i f i c a n t d i f f e r e n c e t o t h e l i v e s o f t h e c h i l d r e n . F a i l u r e o f t h e g o v e r n m e n t t o d e m o n s t r a t e i t s c o m m i t m e n t a n d s e n s i t i v i t y t o t h e c o n c e r n s o f c h i l d r e n , g a p s a n d l i m i t a t i o n s i n t h e i n f o r m a t i o n s h a r i n g , d r a f t i n g a n d i m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f p r o - c h i l d r e n ’ s l e g i s l a t i v e s / p o l i c y f r a m e w o r k s a n d t h e n e w c i v i l s o c i e t y l a w h a v e r e c o g n i z e d a s m a j o r f a c t o r s f o r t h e p r o b l e m s f a c i n g c h i l d r e n i n t h e r e g i o n . 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I n o r d e r f o r a c h i e v i n g t h e s e r e s u l t s , t h e r e s e a r c h e r u s e d p u r p o s i v e s a m p l i n g i n i d e n t i f y i n g a n d s e l e c t i n g a p p r o p r i a t e o r g a n i z a t i o n s a n d r e s p o n d e n t s f o r t h e s t u d y . N i n e t e e n o r g a n i z a t i o n s , t h a t i s n i n e r e g i o n a l g o v e r n m e n t b u r e a u s a n d o f f i c e s a n d t e n n o n g o v e r n m e n t o r g a n i z a t i o n s ( 7 l o c a l a n d 3 i n t e r n a t i o n a l n o n g o v e r n m e n t o r g a n i z a t i o n s ) w e r e c o n t a c t e d ; r e l e v a n t i n f o r m a t i o n / d a t a w a s c o l l e c t e d t h r o u g h Q u e s t i o n n a i r e a n d k e y I n f o r m a n t I n t e r v i e w ; d a t a t h e m a t i c a l l y o r g a n i z e d a n d a n a l y z e d q u a l i t a t i v e l y a n d q u a n t i t a t i v e l y b a s e d u p o n l o g i c a l a n d d e s c r i p t i v e a n a l y s i s . M o r e o v e r , i t w a s a l s o p o s s i b l e t o i n t e r v i e w f o u r v i c t i m c h i l d r e n ( t w o b o y s a n d t w o g i r l s ) i d e n t i f i e d w i t h t h e h e l p o f p o l i c e o f f i c e r i n c h a r g e o f c h i l d r e n ` s a f f a i r s i n t h e r e g i o n a l p o l i c e d e p a r t m e n t
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    Capacity Building for Decentralized Local Governance: The Case of Adami Tulu Jido Woreda and Ziway Town in Oromia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2007-08) Daba, Nigussie; Abebe, Mulugeta (PhD)
    The purpose of this study was to assess the peiformance of capacity building activities and examine the implementing capacity of decentralized local governance. The study was conducted in Adami Tulu Jido woreda and Ziway town. Comparative study with cross sectional survey was used in the study to compare the two local governments. Descriptive survey method of analysis was also employed to achieve the objectives of the study. The subjects of the study were civil servants and cabinet members of the two local governments. Questionnaires were used to collect data from the civil servants and cabinet members. In addition focus group discussions and interviews were also conducted with about 24 individuals. Data were analyzed through quantitative and qualitative methods. The statistical method used to analyze the quantitative data was percentage. The results reveal that even though the local governments have been given a wide range of responsibilities and powers in terms of planning and prioritizing their local needs, their implementing capacity is very weak. Human resource in both local governments both in quantity and quality is found to be deficient to shoulder different local level responsibilities. Women are also under represented in the civil service and in the cabinet members. Shortage of budget and skilled human resource, and high turnover of officials and key experts due to frequent reorganization and restructuring of offices, transfer, demotion and promotion are critical problems observed in both local governments. In addition, different facilities and core resources are not adequately available in the sectors of both woreda and town. As a result the status of human resource, organizational and institutional capacity is found to be weak. The capacity building/training activities conducted in the areas were not need-based. Besides, training impact assessment was not undertaken. Weak management capacity, unfavorable enabling environment and absence of adequate facilities and resources characterize both local governments. Community participation is also limited to implementation of planned projects than at planning and decision making levels. It was generally recommended that continuous training of employees and officials; conducting training need and impact analysis; designing reward system, support in fulfilling the resources and facilities on the part of the regional government, participation of local community in need prioritization, planning and decision making, making available different policy documents, guidelines, and rules for employees; creating stable and suitable structure and in general building local capacity be undertaken.
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    Challenges and Opportunities of Good Governance: The Case of Addis Ababa City Administration
    (Addis Ababa University, 2011-04) Efenta, Kindeye; Abebe, Mulugeta (PhD)
    This srudy has investigated the challenges mgl opportunities of good governance pertaining to fhe operctlioll of institutions and the attributes of good governance in Addis Ababa. The Council, Polill cal purties, fhe Media, ¥Voredas (Kebeless), CSOs and fhe Executive/Civil societl' of the Cill" (IrE' llu! illSlflll/ions {h ell were scrulinized. Absence of corruptioll, legililllo('y. jJorficipOflOIl. 1l'IlIlSjHlrmcr. (lccoullwbility alld efficiency and effectiveness are the allriiJules analyzed in the sludy. For Ihis end, a mixed research approach that combined qualitative analysis and simple descriptive statistical metl10d was employed. The former was used to analyze the information gathered Fom expertise and officials while the latter was employed to analyze the data gathered for 300 sample households. The findings revealed that weak council and opposition political panies. lack of impamul allli objective media, illsufficient decentralization effort, political consideration in promotion and career development in the civil service, lack of enabling environment for operation of CSOs, high corruplion incidence and rent seeking, lack of transparency and accountability, immature pllrli cipatioll, ill efficiency and ineffectiveness in the provision of at least some basic services posed Ihe challenge to promote good governance in the City. Favorable constillilional ,. ulFullgelll ell1 Wid Cuv Charter. Ihe civil service reform. the eflort to equip burellus IIlId uflices UI filcl lilies alld humall power, the recent decelltralizatioll process, panicipCilioll of mass based organizatiolls ill decision making and success in providing some services are assets to further consolidate good governance. The study concludes that overarching government control of all lIlaters alld lack ,of space for others results governance to be weak, fragile and slight though some irnprovemenls are observed.