Adult Health Nursing

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Browsing Adult Health Nursing by Author "Aga Fekadu"

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    Assessment of Family Care Givers’ Knowledge and Practice of Caring for Children with Congenital Heart Disease at the Cardiac Center Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2021-07) Berihu Feben; Aga Fekadu; Hailu Aklil
    Background: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is one of the most common birth anomalies. Around the world it has been estimated that children’s have one among 100 congenital deficits due to the chromosomal abnormalities. In the last few years, the emergence of new technologies and advanced therapy the children born with CHD can make it through the adult hood. During the journey of treating children with CHD the role of family caregivers is significant. However, little is known about the family caregiver’s knowledge and self-reported practice of caring for children with CHD. Objective: The objective of this study is to assess the family caregiver’s knowledge and self reported practice of caring for children with congenital heart disease at cardiac center Ethiopia Addis Ababa Ethiopia. Methods: The study was performed under hospital based descriptive cross-sectional study. The data was collected from families of children with CHD at the cardiac center outpatient department through written questioner. The questioner was administered by two trained nurses who work in the outpatient department of the cardiac center. The returned questionnaire was checked for completeness, cleaned manually and entered in to EPI INFO statistical software and then transferred to SPSS windows version 25 for further analysis. Results: A total of 377 family caregivers with a response rate of 96.91% were participated in this study from which (45.1%) of the respondents had good knowledge towards care for child with CHD and (44.3%) had good practice toward scare for CHD. There was a significant relationship between family caregiver’s knowledge and educational status [AOR=0.322, 95%CI.0.186, 0.557] and living area [AOR=19.274, 95% CI. 6.535, 56.84]. family caregiver’s knowledge towards CHD [AOR=1.11, 95% CI 7.240, 0.002.], frequency of feeding [AOR=0.093,95%CI. 0.02, 0.53] and living area [AOR= 57.3, 95%CI 1.07, 3048.8] were significantly associated with self-reported practice towards care for child with CHD at outpatient department. The statistical significance level was declared at p-value. Results: A total of 377 family caregivers with a response rate of 96.91% were participated in this study from which (45.1%) of the respondents had good knowledge towards care for child with CHD and (44.3%) had good practice toward scare for CHD. There was a significant relationship between family caregiver’s knowledge and educational status [AOR=0.322, 95%CI.0.186, 0.557] and living area [AOR=19.274, 95% CI. 6.535, 56.84]. family caregiver’s knowledge towards CHD [AOR=1.11, 95% CI 7.240, 0.002.], frequency of feeding [AOR=0.093,95%CI. 0.02, 0.53] and living area [AOR= 57.3, 95%CI 1.07, 3048.8] were significantly associated with self-reported practice towards care for child with CHD at outpatient department. The statistical significance level was declared at p-value. Key words: congenital heart disease, knowledge, family caregivers, self- reported practice
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    Assessment of Knowledge and Practice on Safe Handling of Cytotoxic Drugs Among Nurses Working in Oncology Unit at Governmental Hospitals Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 2019.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2019-06) Asefa Selamawit; Aga Fekadu; Getahun Negalign
    Introduction: Occupational exposure to cytotoxic drugs is a worldwide concern and the number of staff possibly exposed to hazardous effect of the cytotoxic drug was more than 5.5 million. Unsafe handling practices have been pointed out in several studies, particularly in countries where access and use of these medicines have recently risen. Objective: To assess knowledge and practice on safe handling of cytotoxic drugs among nurses working in oncology unit at governmental hospitals Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 2019. Method: An institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted on 77 nurses in two selected governmental hospitals Addis Ababa Ethiopia from April 1-30, 2019. Censuses approach was used to select nurses. Structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation and percentage were calculated to describe frequency and displayed in tables. Multiple Linear regression was done to see the association between dependent variables and independent variables. Significant factors were identified based on include in 95% level at p-value less than 0.05. Result: Mean score of knowledge of nurses about cytotoxic drug was7.82±2.22 and mean score practice of nurse 22.1±5.5 multiple regression analysis indicated that chemotherapy training was significantly associated with nurse’s knowledge (p = 0.01) and practice of nurses handling cytotoxic drug (p=.048) respectively. Working ward and experience were significant associated with knowledge of nurses on handling cytotoxic drug. Conclusion and Recommendation: Most of nurses didn’t take training about chemotherapy handling. This study finding showed that chemotherapy training was significantly associated with knowledge and practice. In service training regarding chemotherapy handling should be given to nurse’s and oncology course should be incorporated and reinforced in to nursing professions curriculums.
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    Assessment of Knowledge of Diabetic Retinopathy,Eye Check-Up Practice and AssociatedFactors among Adults with Diabetes Mellitus onFollow up at Public Hospitals in Addis Ababa,2023.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2023) Dinsa Feven; Aga Fekadu
    Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common complication of diabetes and the leading causes of visual loss among adults. Regular eye examination practice and knowledge of DR plays important role in the prevention and early detection of diabetic retinopathy. However, there is limited data regarding knowledge of diabetic retinopathy and eye cheek-up practice among diabetes mellitus (DM) patients in Ethiopia. Objective: This study aimed to assess knowledge of diabetic retinopathy, eye check-up practice and associated factors among adults with diabetes mellitus on follow up at public hospitals in Addis Ababa, 2023. Methods: Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted at selected public hospitals in Addis Ababa. A pretested interviewer administered structured questionnaire was used to collect data from a sample of 421 diabetic patients. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine factors associated with eye checkup practice and simple and multiple linear regression analyses was used to identify factors associated with knowledge of diabetic retinopathy. Statistical significance was determined using. Result: The mean (SD) knowledge score of diabetic retinopathy was 7.37±3.45, and 55.3% participants have undergone an eye examination in the last one year at least once. Long duration of diabetes (β=0.157,p=0.001),older age (β=0.022,P=0.043) and lower educational status(B=-0.166,P=0.001)showed statistically significant association with knowledge of DR. Urbanresidence(AOR=5.131,95%CI:1.804-14.594,P=0.02),lowereducational status, (AOR =0.230,95%CI:0.093 0.572 ,p=0.0020), Conclusion and recommendation: Majority of the participants answered below the mean of knowledge score of regarding diabetic retinopathy and more than half of the participants undergo an eye examination once in a year. Therefore, effective health education concerning diabetic retinopathy and eye checkup practice via media, regular health education sessions, and posters is important should be given an emphasis . Keywords:- knowledge, eye checkup practice, diabetic retinopathy, diabetes mellitus
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    Assessment of Knowledge of Stroke Risk factors and Warning Symptoms Among Adults with Type II Diabetes Mellitus in Selected Hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2021.
    (Addis Abeba University, 2021-06) Akele Rediet; Aga Fekadu; Badada Tadesse
    Background: Stroke is a major public health concern that affects people all over the world. It is a major contributor to morbidity, mortality and disability in both developing and developed countries. Increasing knowledge regarding cerebrovascular diseases and tackling risk factors are important to reduce the rising worldwide burden of stroke. Objective: The main aim of this study is to assess knowledge of stroke risk factors and warning symptoms among adults with type II diabetes in selected hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia,2021. Methods and materials: Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted among adults with type II diabetes in selected governmental hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Systematic random sampling was used to select eligible 499 study participants. The data coding, entry and clearance was made by using Epi data software version 4.6.0 and exported to SPSS software version 25 for analysis. Simple and multiple linear regression analysis were done to explore the association between independent with the dependent variables. Result: Of the calculated sample size, total of 470 respondents were interviewed with response rate of 94.2%. Majority (54.9%) of study participants were females and the mean age of respondents were 50.6 (+12.9). The mean score of knowledge of warning symptoms and risk factors of stroke was 63.9% and 67.2% respectively. Younger age (B= -0.021; P= 0.01), higher level of education (B= 1.873; P= 0.000) and know someone diagnosed with stroke (B= 3.64; P=0.000) shows statistically significant association with knowledge of stroke warning symptoms. Similarly, higher level of education (B= 2.007; P= 0.000), know someone with stroke (B= 3.328;P= 0.000) and living with others (B= 2.28; P= 0.000) shows statistically significant association with knowledge of stroke risk factors. Conclusion and recommendation: In general, from this particular study, knowledge of diabetic patients towards stroke risk factors and warning symptoms was inadequate. Therefore,the importance of stroke education concerning its risk factors and warning symptoms via social media, health education sessions, and posters should be emphasized.
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    Assessment of Knowledge, Treatment Compliance and Associated Factors among Hypertensive Patients at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 2021.
    (Addis Abeba University, 2021-06) Debel Senait; Aga Fekadu; Berhane Emebet
    Background: The majority of hypertension people are at high risk of developing cardiovascular disease. The primary barriers to controlling hypertension are a lack of awareness about the disease and poor medication adherence, both of which have a negative influence on the patient's behavior. Objective: To assess knowledge of hypertension and compliance of treatment and factors associated among hypertension patients at TASH Addis Ababa Ethiopia, 2021. Methods: The institutional based cross sectional study design was used at TASH, and 375 hypertensive patients were recruited in the follow-up clinic. The data was gathered using a standard structured questionnaire. Face-to-face interviews were used to conduct a survey by professional data collectors. EPI data was used to enter data, which was then exported to statistical package for social science(SPSS) software version 20 for additional analysis. Multiple linear regression and binary logistic regression analysis were employed to asses’ factor associated with knowledge and association between compliance and indpendnet variables respectively. The association between variables was determined by the p values below 0.05 using 95% confidence level (CI). Result: The current study found that only 45.9% of patients comply with antihypertensive therapy and majority of the respondets (63.75%) have good knowledge about hypertension except only around one third (35.4%) were aware of the signs and symptoms of hypertension. Factors that associated with treatment compliance were including: Age above 60 years(AOR=0.129; 95% CI: 0.066,0.254), no formal education ( AOR=0.250; 95% CI: 0.099, 0.634), less than 5 years since hypertension diagnosis (AOR=3.989; 95% CI: 1.586,10.033)., comorbidity(AOR= 0.360; 95% CI: 0.195,0.665), and missing medications (AOR= 0.366 ; 95% CI: 0.199, 0.674) were associated with poor treatment compliance, whereas rigorous physical activity(AOR=1.169; 95% CI: 1.003,1.362); and client knowledge of hypertension(AOR=1.336; 95%CI: 1.106, 1.615) . In addition, the factors associated with knowledge of HTN include, no formal education β=-0.815;(-1.293, -0.337) and governmental employment β=1.164; (0.626,1.702), were found to be statistatically significant association with knowledge of HTN. Conclution and recommendation: The current study reveled that only 45.9% of partisipants comply with antihypertensive terapy and more than one third of the participant were aware of the signe and symptoms of HTN. Therefore, the findings suggest that health care practitioners should pay attention to increase the awareness of clinets toward antihypertensive treatmet adherence in order to minimize the complications. x
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    Assessment of Nurse’s Knowledge About Fracture Management and Associated Factor in Selected Governmental Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2021
    (Addis Ababa University, 2021-06) Hassen Jemal ; Aga Fekadu; Alemu Tsion
    Introduction: Fracture is a complete or incomplete disruption in the continuity of bone structure and is defined according to its type and extent. The nursing staff plays a main role in health promotion for persons with fracture. Objective: To assess nurse’s knowledge about fracture management and associatedfactor in selected governmental hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2021. Method: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from February toMarch, 2021.Questionnaires was distributed study participants enrolled usingconvenience method from Tikur Anbessa, ALEART and Aabet hospitals in Addis Ababa. Mean, standard deviation, and percent were used to describe the characteristicsof the study participants. Liner regression analysis was used to describe the relationship dependent and independent variables. Statistical significance was declaredusing p value less than 0.05. Result: In this study 120 nurses were participated with 97.6% response rate. Meanscore of knowledge of fracture managements was 75% +16. Institutional factors like policy& guideline, educational status and training condition had significantlyassociated with knowledge of nurses. Compared participants who had access to policy guidelines those who had no access less knowledge score by 0.156 unit (  = -0.156, p= 0.02). Study participants who received training in fracture management had higher knowledge score than those who did not have the training ( = 0.400, p < 0.001).Compared to other educational groups (bachelor and master’s degree) participants with diploma qualification had lower knowledge score (-0.425, p < 0.001). Conclusion and recommendation: Generally, the total score of participated knowledge was75% +16, the study showed that: knowledge of nurses had strong associated with educational level. training condition and lack of policy and guideline so minster of federal health and hospital manager should focus on policy and guideline,training and educational opportunity since it had strongly affected nurse’s knowledge.
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    Assessment of the Practice of Non-Pharmacological Post-Operative Pain Management and Associated Factors Among Nurses Working in Public Referral Hospitals of Amhara Regional State
    (Addis Ababa University, 2019-01) Dires Tadila; Aga Fekadu; Gebreyeohannis Tigistu
    Background: Non-pharmacological interventions defined as therapies that do not involve taking medicines or any other active substance. Such interventions may include exercise, massage, relaxation training, thermotherapy and psychological or behavioral management. Non pharmacological pain management is important when managing post-operative pain. Non-pharmacologic method have no side effects, have minimum risk, are not detrimental to patients, easy to administer and cost-efficient. These interventions should be implemented by nurses into routine plans of care for patients. Objective: To assess practice of non-pharmacological post-operative pain management and associated factors among nurses working in public referral hospitals of Amhara regional state. Method: Cross-sectional study design will be used. Data will be collected from March to April 2019 by using a structured self-administered questionnaire. Source population of the study will be nurses who work at post-operative units of public referral hospitals of Amhara regional state. The sample size of study is 300 nurses who work in post-operative unit of randomly selected referral hospitals of Amhara regional state. Correlation coefficient r will be used to measures the degree of association between dependent variable and continues in dependent variables. Differences between the groups in the mean values of the variables will be tested with ANOVA test. In addition, association between factors and nurses’ practice of non-pharmacological methods will be tested by t test. I will also use multiple linear regression to asses significantly associated variable with significant p value <0.05 and 95 % confidence interval.
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    Assessment of Treatment Compliance Among Cervical Cancer Patients in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Oncology Unit.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2012-06) Yitayih Gebre; Aga Fekadu
    Background: Cancer of the cervix is the second most common form of cancer amongst SouthAfrican women. Cervical cancer ranks as the 2nd most frequent cancer among women inEthiopia, and the 2nd most frequent cancer among women between 15 and 44 years of age.Compliance has been defined as “the extent to which a person’s behavior coincides withhealthcare advice” or as when patients do what health professional’srecommend.Noncompliance is typically cited as occurring in from 50% to 75% of patients. Objective: The purpose of the study was to assess compliance to treatment services and associated factors with treatment compliance of cervical cancer patients in TASH, oncology unit. Materials and methods: Institutional based cross sectional quantitative study was conducted from February, 8-April, 22/2012. A total 314 cervical cancer patients were the study participants. Data was collected using structured questionnaire based interview and secondary data collection also used. After clearing and checking for consistency data were coded and entered in to EPI-INFO(version-5.3.1) and transported into SPSS version 16.00 software to determine frequency, OR and association tests were examined through Binary and multivariatelogistic regression . Result: Out of 314 interviewed cervical cancer patients 219(69.7%) were compliant but 95(30.3%) were non compliant to the treatment services. The reason as identified by 39(41.0%)of the respondents with non compliant to the treatment services was long duration of appointment time and 20(20.0%) of the participants due to medication side effect on the body was examined in the study area. There is a significant difference between the participants121(78.6%) who had missed their appointment time with, OR=2.32(1.408, 3.882) and pvalue=0.001 than the respondents 98(61.2%) of cervical cancer patient of treatment compliance. Conclusion: the findings of the study about the treatment service were partially non compliant to radiotherapy and cheomradations services and patients missed their appointment were 2.3 times non compliant than who were not missed the appointment time. Factors in low income level,missing appointment, medication side effect, prolonged treatment, poor understanding of treatment advantages were significantly affects treatment compliance based on binary and multivariate logistic regression analysis .
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    Assessment of Utilization of Youth Friendly Reproductive Health Services Among College Youth in Asela Town,Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2014-04) Bedho Tolessa ; Aga Fekadu
    Background:The reproductive and sexual health of the youth remains a relatively new and sensitive area mainly due to restrictive norms and policies guiding the services and also the access and utilization of YFRHS among the college youth are dependent on many factors which include demographic, economic, college, socio-cultural and health system factors. This study was conducted to assess the utilization of youth friendly reproductive health services (YFRHS)among college youth in Asella town. Methods:The study used quantitative approaches to collect data. The study was utilize survey research adapting descriptive cross sectional design and a questionnaire to interview 423 college youth inAsella town. Quantitative data was analyzed using Epi Info & Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were performed to determine significant associations.The study was performed for a total of six months starting from December 2014 up to May 2014. Result:The study establish that sex, age, level of education, and youth’s awareness about existence of reproductive health facility and services. Age, sex, knowledge had no significant influence on utilization of almost all YFRHS such as family planning, voluntary counseling and treatment ofSTI. As indicated by the test result of family planning (χ2= 17.915, p = 0.593), VCT (χ2= 17.84,P = 0.598) and treatment for STIs (χ2= 24.336, p = 0.228) they had no significant association toutilization of the service. Again age was not also significant association with knowledge of YFRHS and their utilization χ2= 38.968, P = 0.472. On sex and utilization, significance was not seen in sex and utilization of family planning because (χ2= 4.53, P=0.104). Conclusion and Recommendation:The recommendations arising from this study are: this study recommends active sensitization of the youth in college through different activities that creates an opportunity where such information can be shared to scale up their knowledge on the YFRHS and the facilities that are available, this will in turn increase utilization of the services.
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    Correlates of Diabetes Self-Care Behaviors in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes and Comorbid Heart Failure
    (Addis Ababa University, 2019-07) Aga Fekadu; Dunbar Sandra ; Gary Rebecca; Higgins Melinda
    Background: Effective performance of diabetes self-care behaviors in type 2 diabetes (T2D) iscrucial for improving glycemic control and managing diabetes-related comorbidities including heart failure (HF). Compared to persons without T2D those with T2D have 2-3 fold higher incidence of comorbid HF which often result in increased morbidity and poorer survival. Little is known, however, about the correlates of diabetes self-care behaviors and outcomes in people with T2D and comorbid HF. Objective: The purpose of this secondary analysis study was to provide a deeper conceptual understanding of the correlates of diabetes self-care behaviors in adults with T2D and comorbid HF. Methods: Baseline data of 180 participants from a randomized clinical trial that tested a 6-month integrated self-care intervention for adult persons with comorbid HF and T2D were analyzed.Study-developed data extraction forms and a battery of standardized instruments were used to collect demographic, clinical, and psychosocial data from medical records and self-report. Diabetes self-care behaviors were measured using the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA). Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were analyzed from whole blood sample at baseline. Correlational bivariate, multiple logistic regression and hierarchical linear regression analysis were performed to examine associations and predictors of diabetes self-care behaviors and glycemic control. The IBM SPSS for Windows version 24 was used to analyze the data. Result: The participants mean age was 58.1±10.7 years and the majority were male (n = 118,65.6%) and African American (n = 119, 66.1%). Good self-rated health and presence of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (p < 0.01) predicted better diabetes self-efficacy while taking both oral antiglycemic medication and insulin, history of depression, cardiac pacemaker,and digitalis (p < 0.05) predicted lower diabetes self-efficacy. Number of comorbidities >2(p<0.001), having more than a high school education (p< 0.05) and African American ethnicity(p< 0.05) predicted better exercise, blood glucose testing, and foot care behaviors, respectively.The use of an aldosterone inhibitor(p< 0.05) predicted worse exercise performance, higher Charlson comorbidity index scores (p< 0.01) predicted worse SMBG, and treatment with diet plus medication (p< 0.05) and dyslipidemia (p< 0.001) predicted worse foot care behaviors. In a bivariate analysis, the SDSCA general diet (p = 0.036) and SDSCA exercise (p = 0.029) were negatively associated with HbA1c, while SDSCA specific diet (p = 0.047) was positivelyassociated. None of the diabetes self-care behaviors emerged as independent predictors of eitherHbA1c or FBG in the regression models. Diabetic-end organ failure, taking insulin only, taking oral ant glycemic and insulin, African American race, and dyslipidemia predicted higher HbA1c values (p< 0.05). Years since diagnosis of HF (p< 0.05), taking insulin (p< 0.01), diabetic-end organ failure (p< 0.01), and total daily medications (p< 0.05) predicted higher FBG values. Conclusion: This study identified demographic, clinical, and psychosocial factors associated with diabetes self-care behaviors and with diabetes self-efficacy. Nevertheless, the diabetes selfcare behaviors’ lack of influence of HbA1c and FBG is a major finding of this study.This underscores that the conventional disease-specific approach to diabetes self-care intervention cannot help to improve patient outcomes in people with T2D and comorbidHF. Therefore ,it is imperative to shift from disease-specific approach to integrated diabetes self-care model to improve outcomes for this population.
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    Knowledge and Self-Reported Practice of Insulin Injection Device Disposal and Associated Factors Among Diabetes Patient in Tikur Anbessa Spcialized Teaching Hospital Addis Abeba, Ethiopia, 2020
    (Addis Ababa University, 2020-06) Loha Aynalem; Aga Fekadu; Alemu Tsion
    Background: Poor disposal practices of insulin injection device among diabetes patients causes gathering of sharps with in their home and which can result in personal injury and injuries to people in the household and general community. This can also results in the spread of blood born infections . . Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess knowledge and self -reported practice of insulin injection device disposal and associated factors among diabetes patients in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Teaching Hospital, Addis Ababa, Central Ethiopia. Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional study was employed among 182 diabetes patients on follow-up at Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa from March/ 17/2020- May/18/2020 . Data was collected using a pre-tested interviewer administered questionnaires and then coded and entered into Epi-data version 4.6 and then exported into SPSS version 25 for analysis.Descriptive data was presented using frequency, percentage and central tendencies wasconducted to describe and summarize the characteristics of study subjects . Bivariable logistic regression analysis was carried out and variables with p-value <0.25 in this analysis was included in to the multivariable logistic regression analysis. Adjusted odds ratio with 95%confidence interval was estimated to identify the significant predictors. Finally, a p-value <0.05 used to declare statistical significance of the explanatory variables. Results: More than half of participants (54%) had inadequate knowledge towards safe insulin injection waste disposal. Majority of respondents had poor practice and 92.3% of respondents unaware of how to dispose lancets after use and 69.2% of respondents threw sharps on street,flush down to toilet and river. Conclusion and recommendation: Findings from presents study showed that knowledge and practice of the respondents were inadequate and poor towards safe insulin injection waste disposal in study area. The ministry of health should develop guideline on management of insulin injection device wastes generated at home.
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    Prevalence and Factors Associated with Diabetes Retinopathy Among Type 2 Diabetes Patients at Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2018.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2018-06) Shiberu Tsion; Aga Fekadu
    Introduction: Diabetes retinopathy (DR) is a well-recognized complication of diabetes mellitus that occurs as a result of long-term accumulated damage to the small blood vessels in the retina. It is one of the leading causes of blindness in adults of working age in industrialized countries and the emerging cause of blindness in developing countries. Worldwide prevalence of DR was recently estimated to be 93 million or 34.6%. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and associated factor among type 2 diabetes patient who are on follow up services at Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital Diabetic Unit. Methods and materials; An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March, 1 to April, 1 at Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The sample size was determined using a single population proportion formula. Systematic random sampling method was used to select participants. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 22. Descriptive statistics was done to identify the distribution of socio-demographic characteristics of the study participants. Then those variables having p value <0.05 was considered as having significant independent association. Result: - There were 191 Participants in this study out of them 98(51.3%) had diabetic retinopathy. Multivariate analysis shows, diabetic retinopathy were nearly 11 times higher for male patients (AOR= 11.248, CI= 1.816-69.689) when compared to female patient. Patients who visit health institution for their diabetic case every one month had about 2.7% (AOR= 0.027, CI=0.003-0.231) less chance to diabetic retinopathy than those patients who visit health institution for their diabetic case every six month. Non-hypertensive patients had about 3.2% less chance for diabetic retinopathy than hypertensive patient (AOR= 0.039, CI=0.008-0.191). Diabetic retinopathy increases with increasing duration of illness. Patient with glycemic control <=7 also had less chance to diabetic retinopathy than patients with poor glycemic control. Conclusion and recommendation: - In this study we found that the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy is high. Multivariate logistic regression shows that factors that associated with diabetic retinopathy were being male sex, number of visit, duration of illness, HbA1c and hypertension.
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    Self- care Practice in type 2 Diabetes Adults with and without Comorbid Peripheral Neuropathy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2020.
    (Addis Abeba University, 2020-06) Godie Mezgebu; Aga Fekadu; Hailu Aklile
    Background: Diabetes self-care practice is essential to prevent and control complications of diabetes mellitus. There are some studies conducted regarding diabetes self-care in Ethiopia but there is no one in type 2 diabetes adults who have comorbid peripheral neuropathy. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess self-care practice intype2 diabetes adults with and without comorbid neuropathy in Addis Ababa Methods: An institution based cross-sectional study was conducted at three governmental hospitals: Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, St. Paul Hospital, and Zewditu Memorial Hospital. Sample size was 216 type 2 diabetes adults (108 with peripheral neuropathy 108 without it). Sociodemographic variables, neurologic states, personal and self-care practice parameters were checked during data collection. Data coding and cleaning was done before the analysis of the data. Linear regression analysis was used to assess the association between dependent and independent variables. Result: A total of 216 study participants were included in the study with the response rate of 99.1% and from this 111(55.4%) were female. In this study, type 2 DM without peripheral neuropathy had better diet, exercise, foot care, and SMBGL practice with significant mean difference (p-value < 0.01)).Dietary self-care practice decreases by 0.022 units for every 1 mg/dl increase in FBS while dietary self-care practice increases by 0.228 units for every 1 unit increase in social support score in type 2 DM patients without peripheral neuropathy. Housewife (P-vale = 0.013) and others occupational group (P = 0.030) were significantly associated with exercise self-care practice among type 2 diabetes patients without peripheral neuropathy. Being male was significantly associated with foot self-care practice among patients without peripheral neuropathy (P-value = 0.019). Being student by occupation (P value = 0.016) and having glucometry at home (P-value = 0.003) were significantly associated with SMBGL practice among patients without peripheral neuropathy. x CONCLUSION: Type 2 DM patients without peripheral neuropathy have good diet, exercise, foot care, and SMBGL practice than with peripheral neuropathy. Key Words: Type2 diabetes, self-care practice, peripheral neuropathy.
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    Survival Status and Predictors of Mortality Among Colorectal Cancer Patients in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital: a Retrospective Cohort Study.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2019-06) Tilaye Bantalem; Aga Fekadu; Mulugeta Tefera
    Introduction: Colorectal cancer is the commonest cancer type that has a great public health impact both in developed and developing countries. Impacts from the disease have shown decreasing trends in developed counties; whereas, Mortality from the diseases and reduced survival are still the highest and steadily rising in developing countries. Objective: To determine the survival status and predictors of mortality among colorectal cancer patients in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2019. Methods: Institution-based retrospective cohort study was conducted among 621 colorectal cancer patients selected from patients that registered between January 1st ,2013 and December 30th ,2017 and followed up to December 30th, 2018 using Census sampling. Data was collected from patient record review charts. A Kaplan Meier curve and log-rank test were used to estimate the survival curve and presence of difference in survival among explanatory variables. Cox proportional hazard model was used to determine the net effect of each explanatory variable on time to death after diagnosis. Results: Out of the 621 colorectal cancer patients that were included in the analysis, 202(32.5%) had died. The overall mortality rate was 20.3 per 100 person-year (95% CI: 17.7-23.3). The overall survival was 18.1% with median survival time of 34.8 months (95% CI: 30.4 -36.8). Comorbidity (AHR: 1.8, CI: 1.3-2.5); stage [II (AHR=3.8, CI: 1.3-11.1), III (AHR=8.0, CI: 2.8-23.3), IV (AHR=17.6, CI: 6.1-50.7)]; smoking (AHR=1.6, CI: 1.1-2.3); alcohol consumption (AHR=1.5, CI:1.07-2.2); age>=70 (AHR=1.7, CI:1.02-2.9); and marital status [married (AHR=2.4, CI:1.5-3.8), widowed (AHR=2.4, CI:1.2-4.6), divorced (AHR=2, CI:1.1-3.7)] were significant predictors of colorectal cancer mortality. Conclusion and recommendations: the overall survival of colorectal cancer patients was low. It is much lower than the survival rates of colorectal cancer patients in middle- and high-income countries. Hence, the study recommends early detection and screening, and giving priority to comorbid patients and patients that diagnosed at advanced stage.
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    Survival Time to Nephropathy and its Predictors Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2019.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2019-06) Tamru Kidist; Aga Fekadu ; Berehane Emebet
    Introduction: Diabetes is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease in most parts ofthe world. Kidney involvement both directly and indirectly increases involvement of otherorgans and increase morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. However, little is known concerning when nephropathy develops once a person diagnosed with diabetes. Objective: The aim of this study is to determine time to nephropathy and its predictors among type 2 diabetic patient attending at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, 2019. Methods and materials:Retrospective cohort study was employed among Type 2 diabetic patients attending their follow up at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital from January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2018. KaplanMeier method was used to determine time to nephropathy and log rank test was used to comparetime to nephropathy among different covariates in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients. Cox proportional hazard model was used to identify factors contributing to nephropathy in type 2 diabetic mellitus patients. Result: The overall incidence rate of diabetic nephropathy among newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes was found to be 30.4 per 10,000 person-months follow up. The median time to develop nephropathy was 100.03 months (95% CI, 96.7 – 107). Predictors of nephropathy were being male [HR: 2.7 95%CI; 1.39, 5.23], duration of diabetes [HR:1.003,95% CI;1.001,1.006], hemoglobin A1c [HR: 1.74, 95% CI; 1.67,3.12], fasting bloodsugar [HR: 1.12, 95% CI; 1.03,1.97]. Whereas, high density lipoprotein greater than 40mg/dl[HR: 0.37, 95% CI; 0.16, 0.83] and both oral and injection therapy [HR: 0.07, 95% CI; 0.01,0.59], were reduced the hazard of nephropathy. Conclusion: In this study, the incidence of diabetic nephropathy among type 2 DM patients was relatively high and which is becoming the raising national burden. Being male, longer duration of diabetes, hemoglobin A1c, and one unit increasing of fasting blood sugar were increase the hazard of diabetic nephropathy. On the contrary high density lipoprotein greater than 40mg/dl and those diabetic clients who had received oral and injection therapy were reduced the hazard of diabetic nephropathy.