Adult Health Nursing

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Fathers' Involvement in Child Feeding Practice and Its Associated Factors Among Fathers Having Children Aged 6-24 Months in Morabe Town Administration Silent Zone, 2025
(2025-06-10) Kedir Hussen; Abdissa Boka; Wudma Alemu
Background: Optimal child feeding is crucial for the health and development of infants and young children, significantly impacting growth and survival rates. However, there is a notable gap in understanding the responsibility of fathers in child feeding practices. Addressing this gap is essential for creating effective interventions that encourage paternal engagement, ultimately enhancing child well-being. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess fathers' involvement in child feeding practices and to identify contributing factors among fathers of children in Worabe Town administration who are between the ages of 6 and 24 months. Methods: community-based cross-sectional study, supplemented by qualitative methods, was conducted in Worabe Town Administration from February 20 to march 20, 2025.Participants in the study were chosen using a systematic random selection technique, and data was gathered through in-depth interviews until the information was saturated for the qualitative component and in-person interviews using a standardized questionnaire for the quantitative component After its completeness is checked. Data were entered into Epi Data version 4.6 and exported to SPSS version 27 then descriptive s were calculated. Bi variate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to identify factors associated with fathers' involvement in child feeding. In bivariate analysis variables with a p value of ≤ 0.25 were included in the multivariate logistic regression analysis at a 95% confidence range. A significant association was declared when the p-value was less than 0.05. Qualitative data was manually analyzed by summarizing key themes and ideas expressed by participants. Results: The study revealed that 42.1% of the respondents were involved in child feeding. Factors significantly associated were urban residence(AOR = 2.0; 95% CI: 1.88–3.57), secondary or higher education levels among fathers (5.2;95% CI: 2.59-10.46) and (5.4; 95% CI: 2.40,12.14), higher women’s education(AOR = 2.94; 95% CI: 1.24–6.98), having a male child (AOR = 1.8; 95% CI: 1.18– 2.69), daily laborer occupation(AOR=0.3; 95% CI: 0.13–0.64), good fathers knowledge (AOR = 1.73; 95% CI: 1.18–2.52) and positive attitude (AOR = 2.1;95% CI:1.4–3.1),supportive community encouragement (AOR=1.7;95%CI;1.16-2.44). Conclusion: According the findings of this study, it showed that that the level of fathers’ involvement in child feeding remains low. Highlighting these findings, it is important to implement targeted interventions that promote awareness and education among male partners.
In-Hospital Mortality and Its Predictors Among ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients at Gesund Cardiac and Medical Center
(Addis Ababa Ethiopia, 2025-05-08) Petros Melese; Achamyelesh Tadele; Lemlem Beza; Bekele Alemayehu
Background: ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), which is a severe form of myocardial infarction (MI), results from complete coronary artery occlusion and is characterized by high morbidity and mortality. Although STEMI accounts for increased mortality, little evidence that points to in-hospital mortality and predictors in Ethiopia exists. This study tries to address this gap. Objective: To assess in-hospital mortality and its predictors among ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients at Gensund Cardiac and Medical Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 2025. Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2024 to January 2025. And sample size was determined using a single population proportion formula to obtain a total of 229 STEMI patients. Data were collected from patients' Medical records with a structured checklist. Binary Logistic regression was used in order to identify predictors of STEMI in-hospital mortality, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05 and 95% confidence level. Results: Of 229 STEMI patients, the majority were men (86.5%), with a mean age of 59.27 ± 8.93 years. Surprisingly, (13.1%) thirty were Killip class III&IV and (7.9%) eighteen had ejection fraction (LVEF) of <30% In-hospital mortality was (7.4%, n=17). Killip class III & IV (COR = 6.8; [95% CI: 3.2–14.5; P < 0.001], AOR = 6.2; [95% CI: 2.9–13.1; P = 0.001]) and LVEF <30% (COR = 4.7; [95% CI: 2.0–10.8; P = 0.002], AOR = 4.1; [95% CI: 1.8–9.2; P = 0.004]) were independent predictors of in-hospital mortality among STEMI patients. Conclusion: Taken together, the in-hospital mortality rate among STEMI patients in this study was relatively low; however, advanced Killip class and markedly reduced left ventricular ejection fraction emerged as independent predictors of adverse outcomes. Tackling these critical predictors through early risk identification and implementation of effective preventive measures remains essential to minimizing this burden.
Diabetes Health Literacy, Self-Care Behaviors, and Associated Factors Among Adult Diabetes Patients Attending Follow-Up Care at Public Hospitals in the East Arsi Zone, Oromia Region
(Addis Ababa Ethiopa, 2025-06-03) Abebe Basha Biru; Fekadu Aga; Sosina Workineh
Background: Diabetes health literacy and self-care behavior play an important role in avoiding and controlling complications of diabetes mellitus and are positively associated with good glycemic control and quality of life improvement. However, we lack evidence describing their magnitude in the East Arsi zone of the Oromia regional state of Ethiopia. Objectives: This study was aimed to assess the magnitude of diabetes health literacy, self-care behavior, and associated factors among adult diabetes patients attending follow-up care at selected public hospitals in East Arsi zone, Oromia, Ethiopia, 2025. Methods: An institutional based cross-sectional study was employed in five public hospitals found in East Arsi zone, which was selected by simple random sampling, with a sample size of 468 adult diabetes patients. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using binary logistic regression to assess associations between dependent and independent variables. Result: More than half, 270 (57.7%) of the study participants had low diabetes health literacy level (DHL), and 260(55.6%) had poor self-care behavior. Being male (AOR=0.602, 95%CI:0.401-0.905), low level of education (AOR=0.519, 95%CI: 0.283-0.949), living in rural areas (AOR=1.619, 95%CI: 1.055-2.485), had not attended diabetes education (AOR=1.588, 95%CI:1.004-2.513) and receiving diabetes information only from one source (AOR=0.629, 95%CI: 0.414-0.955), were significantly associated with low DHL. Again, younger (AOR=3.397,95%CI:1.407-11.224), lives in rural (AOR=0.489, 95%CI:0.316-0.755), never having been exposed to DM education (AOR=1.796, 95% CI: 1.111-2.901) and a monthly income of <1000 (AOR=0.234, 95% CI: 0.092-0.591) and 2001-3000 (AOR=0.531, 95% CI: 0.142-0.869) were significantly associated with poor diabetes self-care behavior. Conclusion: Large number of the study participant had low diabetes health literacy level and poor self-care behavior; improving and monitoring awareness of diabetes patient will improve further.
Barriers to Accessing Safe Abortion Services by Women with Disabilities: Insights from Visually Impaired Undergraduate Students at Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia: A Qualitative Study
(Addis Ababa,Ethiopia, 2025-05-16) Ayda Getaneh; Endalew Gemechu; Erdaw Tachbele
Background: Access to safe abortion is a crucial reproductive right, yet women with disabilities face significant barriers. These barriers, compounded by societal stigma and systemic inequalities, are particularly pronounced in developing contexts. Addressing these barriers is essential to ensuring equitable access to reproductive healthcare and promoting the autonomy and well-being of this vulnerable population. Objective: To explore barriers to accessing safe abortion services by women with disabilities: insights from visually impaired undergraduate students at Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia – a qualitative study, 2025. Methods: A qualitative descriptive study was conducted among purposively sampled female students with disabilities at Addis Ababa University studying in various departments. Individual in-depth interviews with visually impaired, as well as key informant interviews, were conducted utilizing an interview guide. Data were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and codes generated manually. Results: Barriers that could prevent women with disability from taking the step to seek safe abortion services. Multi-Layered Barriers to Access safe abortion service, Disability-Specific Challenges and Exacerbation of Existing Barriers and Recommendations to Improve Support Systems and Inclusive Practices have been identified to provide in-depth descriptions of the barriers to accessing safe abortion services by women with disabilities: insights from visually impaired. Conclusion and Recommendation: This study revealed that women with disabilities attending undergraduate programs at Addis Ababa University face numerous and intersecting barriers when seeking safe abortion services. Participants in the study made a number of suggestions to enhance inclusive behaviors and support networks in light of these difficulties. Education and awareness initiatives that are especially suited to the requirements of women with disabilities were the main recommendations.
Self-Efficacy, Diabetes Distress, and Associated Factors Among Diabetic Patients in Selected Tertiary Hospitals in Eastern Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia
(Addis Ababa University, 2025-06-01) Lidiya Tekle; Daniel Mengistu
Background: Diabetes distress (DD) is a feeling developed due to living with diabetes mellitus (DM), impact of persistent self-care activities, and complications of the disease, which can lower self-efficacy and negatively impacting diabetic patients’ health. This study assessed self-efficacy, DD and associated factors in diabetic patients.
Assessment of Vascular Complications and Associated Factors Among Patients Who Underwent Cardiac Catheterization: A Retrospective Study at Ethiopian Cardiac Center
(Addis Ababa University, 2025-06-16) Sosina Dejene Gulema; Niguse Tadele; Nete Tewfik
Background: Cardiac catheterization is an invasive procedure performed for diagnosing and treating heart conditions. Its invasive nature can lead to various complications. Vascular complications have been recognized as significant contributors to post-procedural morbidity. They also contribute to increased patient discomfort, prolonged hospital stays, higher treatment costs, and negative patient outcomes. Several studies in other setting have shown that the rate of major vascular complications ranges from 0.3% to 1%. However, their prevalence in Ethiopia remains unknown. Objective: This study aims to determine the prevalence of vascular complications and identify associated risk factors among patients who underwent cardiac catheterization in Ethiopian Cardiac Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2025. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted from January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2024, at the Ethiopian Cardiac Center. Systematic random sampling of 305 patient records was undertaken. Structured checklists were employed to gather information and SPSS version 26 for analysis. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to find factors associated with vascular complications. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and p-values < 0.05 were utilized as statistically significant. Results: The prevalence of vascular complications was 15.1%. The most common complications included hematoma (4.6%), hemorrhage (3.6%), and thromboembolism (1.0%). In Multivariable regression, patients who are females, overweight, and had previous catheterization had over four times the odds of developing vascular complications compared to male (AOR = 4.07, 95% CI: 1.50–11.02, P = 0.006), underweight BMI (AOR = 5.31; 95% CI: 1.38–20.32; p = 0.015), and no previous catheterization (AOR = 5.26; 95% CI: 1.59–17.36; p = 0.006). Conclusion: the study suggests moderate prevalence of vascular complication and also that the risk of complications was much higher in female patients, overweight patients, and patients with prior catheterization. Recommendations: This study recommends giving special attention to female patients, those with higher body mass index, and individuals with a previous cardiac catheterization, as they were found to have a significantly higher risk of vascular complications. Further multicenter studies are needed to assess long-term complications and enhance generalizability.
Diabetes Health Literacy, Self-Care Behaviors, and Associated Factors Among Adult Diabetes Patients Attending Follow-Up Care at Public Hospitals in the East Arsi Zone, Oromia Region
(Addis Ababa University, 2025-06-11) Abebe Basha Biru; Sosina Workineh
Background: Diabetes health literacy and self-care behavior play an important role in avoiding and controlling complications of diabetes mellitus and are positively associated with good glycemic control and quality of life improvement. However, we lack evidence describing their magnitude in the East Arsi zone of the Oromia regional state of Ethiopia. Objectives: This study was aimed to assess the magnitude of diabetes health literacy, self-care behavior, and associated factors among adult diabetes patients attending follow-up care at selected public hospitals in East Arsi zone, Oromia, Ethiopia, 2025. Methods: An institutional based cross-sectional study was employed in five public hospitals found in East Arsi zone, which was selected by simple random sampling, with a sample size of 468 adult diabetes patients. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using binary logistic regression to assess associations between dependent and independent variables. Result: More than half, 270 (57.7%) of the study participants had low diabetes health literacy level (DHL), and 260(55.6%) had poor self-care behavior. Being male (AOR=0.602, 95%CI:0.401-0.905), low level of education (AOR=0.519, 95%CI: 0.283-0.949), living in rural areas (AOR=1.619, 95%CI: 1.055-2.485), had not attended diabetes education (AOR=1.588, 95%CI:1.004-2.513) and receiving diabetes information only from one source (AOR=0.629, 95%CI: 0.414-0.955), were significantly associated with low DHL. Again, younger (AOR=3.397,95%CI:1.407-11.224), lives in rural (AOR=0.489, 95%CI:0.316-0.755), never having been exposed to DM education (AOR=1.796, 95% CI: 1.111-2.901) and a monthly income of <1000 (AOR=0.234, 95% CI: 0.092-0.591) and 2001-3000 (AOR=0.531, 95% CI: 0.142-0.869) were significantly associated with poor diabetes self-care behavior. Conclusion: Large number of the study participant had low diabetes health literacy level and poor self-care behavior; improving and monitoring awareness of diabetes patient will improve further.
In-Hospital Mortality and Its Predictors Among ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients at Gesund Cardiac and Medical Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2025
(Addis Ababa University, 2025-05-07) Petros Melese; Achamyelesh Tadele; Lemlem Beza; Bekele Alemayehu
Background: ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), which is a severe form of myocardial infarction (MI), results from complete coronary artery occlusion and is characterized by high morbidity and mortality. Although STEMI accounts for increased mortality, little evidence that points to in-hospital mortality and predictors in Ethiopia exists. This study tries to address this gap. Objective: To assess in-hospital mortality and its predictors among ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients at Gensund Cardiac and Medical Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 2025. Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2024 to January 2025. And sample size was determined using a single population proportion formula to obtain a total of 229 STEMI patients. Data were collected from patients' Medical records with a structured checklist. Binary Logistic regression was used in order to identify predictors of STEMI in-hospital mortality, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05 and 95% confidence level. Results: Of 229 STEMI patients, the majority were men (86.5%), with a mean age of 59.27 ± 8.93 years. Surprisingly, (13.1%) thirty were Killip class III&IV and (7.9%) eighteen had ejection fraction (LVEF) of <30% In-hospital mortality was (7.4%, n=17). Killip class III & IV (COR = 6.8; [95% CI: 3.2–14.5; P < 0.001], AOR = 6.2; [95% CI: 2.9–13.1; P = 0.001]) and LVEF <30% (COR = 4.7; [95% CI: 2.0–10.8; P = 0.002], AOR = 4.1; [95% CI: 1.8–9.2; P = 0.004]) were independent predictors of in-hospital mortality among STEMI patients. Conclusion: Taken together, the in-hospital mortality rate among STEMI patients in this study was relatively low; however, advanced Killip class and markedly reduced left ventricular ejection fraction emerged as independent predictors of adverse outcomes. Tackling these critical predictors through early risk identification and implementation of effective preventive measures remains essential to minimizing this burden.
The Prevalence and Contributing Factors of Grief in Women Experiencing Abortion in Selected Public Hospitals
(Addis Ababa University, 2025-06-11) Tsion Bewketu; Leul Deribe; Niguse Tadele
Background: Grief, a common emotional response to loss, is linked to negative psychological effects, and higher gestational age and decisional conflict can lead to greater pain after termination. This study aimed to address several critical gaps in current research. There is limited understanding of the emotional impact of abortion, particularly grief, which remains underexplored in existing literature. Objective: To assess the prevalence and contributing factors of grief in women experiencing abortion in selected public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2025. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used to assess the prevalence and contributing factors of grief in women experiencing abortion. A total sample size of 422 participants was selected through a simple random sampling method from public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Data collection occurred from January to March 2025. Face-to-face interviews were conducted, and data analysis was performed using SPSS version 26, applying bi-variable and multivariable binary logistic regression to identify contributing factors associated with grief. Result: The PGS-33 was used to assess grief severity, with a significant proportion scoring above the clinical cutoff. The study found a significant difference in grief scores across educational status groups. Lower support was associated with higher grief severity. Pregnancy-related factors also contributed to grief symptoms. Conclusion: The study reveals that 76% of the participants experience severe grief, with sociodemographic factors contributing to higher levels. Support systems can reduce grief severity. Recommendation: Healthcare providers should screen for grief symptoms, provide psychological support, and provide clear referrals to specialized services. Community-level informational materials and collaboration with religious leaders can manage grief. National guidelines should integrate grief training.
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Chronic Kidney Diseases Among Hypertensive Patients in Selected Public Hospitals
(Addis Ababa University, 2025-05-21) Mitiku Minksew; Debela Gela; Daniel Mengistu
Background: Chronic kidney disease is a progressive decline in kidney function, characterized by structural or functional abnormalities lasting over three months, often detected through reduced glomerular filtration rate, abnormal blood or urine tests, or imaging. Chronic kidney diseases progresses through five stages based on glomerular filtration rate, ranging from normal function to kidney failure. Hypertension is a major risk factor for chronic kidney diseases, which if untreated, can lead to kidney failure. Objectives: To assess the prevalence and factors associated with chronic kidney disease among hypertensive patients on follow-up in a selected public hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2025. Methods: 233 hypertensive patients were recruited for follow-up in specific public hospitals between December 21 and January 21, 2025, using a cross-sectional study design. A basic random sampling technique was used to choose the participants, and questionnaires for in person interviews, reviews of medical charts, and laboratory forms were used to gather data. For analysis, every piece of data was exported from Excel into SPSS version 27. The results were displayed using tables and charts after descriptive statistics were calculated to characterize the frequency, percentages, and distributions of the sample. Bivariate and multivariable variables were included in a binary logistic regression analysis; variables with a p-value < 0.05 were deemed linked to chronic kidney diseases. Result: Chronic kidney disease was present in 22.3% (95% CI: 22.5%, 33.8%) of patients with hypertensive follow-up at specific public hospitals. Factors including residence (AOR=11.50, 95% CI: 3.24-40.77), hypertension stage (AOR=7.25, 95% CI: 1.60-32.86), and duration of hypertension (AOR=16.14, 95% CI: 4.40-59.21) were significantly linked to chronic kidney disease in multivariate logistic analysis. Conclusion: According to this study, 22.3% of hypertensive patients had chronic kidney disease. In terms of contributing factors, the incidence of chronic kidney disease in hypertensive patients is correlated with living in a rural area, having advanced hypertension, and having had hypertension for more than ten years.
Knowledge of Cardiovascular Diseases Risk Factors and Its Associated Factors Among Patients Followed up in Diabetes Mellitus Clinic in Adama General Hospital and Medical College
(Addis Ababa University, 2024-02-13) Azene Wondayehu; Daniel Mengistu; Boka Dugassa
Background The leading cause of death and morbidity worldwide is cardiovascular disease. This is because risk factors for cardiovascular diseases that can be changed are becoming more and more common. Therefore, the study's goal was to determine the knowledge and unhealthy habits of diabetes mellitus patients that lead to cardiovascular diseases. Objective: - Knowledge of cardiovascular disease risk factors and its associated factors among patients follow up in diabetes mellitus clinic in Adama general hospital, Ethiopia, 2024 Method: - An institution based quantitative cross-sectional study design and from February 20/ 2024 to March 20/ 2024 was conducted. The data was entering EpiData 4.2 version, then exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. The adjustment odds ratio was used to measure the strength of association at 95% CI to assess the existence and strength of association, and if p < 0.05, statistical significance was declared. Finally, the outcome was provided in the form of descriptive text, tables and graphs. Result: -The findings of this study indicated that 56 % of the respondents had good knowledge. Participant’s age 50 % less likely from 45 to 64 years old than age ≥65 years old (AOR=0.5, 95% CI: (0.26-0.99) and duration of diabetics’ mellitus 4 and 5 times more likely from 11 to 20 years and ≥ to 21 years than ≤ 10 years (AOR=4.3, 95% CI: (1.71-10.78) and (AOR =5.2, 95 % CI: (1.37-19.63) respectively. From participants occupation employed, house wife, self-employed and daily laborer 3, 7, 2, 1 and 3 times more likely than students (AOR=3.32, 95 % CI: (1.15-9.52), (AOR=7.35, 95 % CI: (2.4-22.4), (AOR=2.9, 95 % CI: (1.11-9.7.62) and (AOR=3.2, 95 % CI: (1.1-9.13) respectively. Family history of cardiovascular disease 38 % less likely than not have (AOR=0.62, 95 % CI: (0.39-0.98), 43 % less likely than not use of chat (AOR=0.57, 95 % CI: (0.35-0.92), drinking alcohol 41% less likely than not drinking (AOR=0.59, 95 % CI: (0.37-0.94) and monthly income from 5251 7800 (AOR=2.046, 95 % CI: (1.04-4.03) Conclusion and recommendation: - The findings of this study indicated that 56 % of the respondents had good knowledge. participant’s age, monthly income, duration of DM, occupational status, drinking alcohol and use chat, types of DM and family history of cardiovascular disease
Postnatal Care Utilization and Associated Factors Among Women Who Have Given Birth in the Last 12 Months in East Azernet Berbere District, Siltie Zone, Central Ethiopia, 2025: A Mixed-Methods Study
(Addis Ababa University, 2025-12-07) Fedlu Jemal; Endalew Gemechu
Background: Postnatal care utilization, defined as receiving at least one check up within the first 42 days after delivery, is crucial for detecting maternal complications. However, globally and particularly in Sub-Saharan regions, a significant number of maternal mortalities occur in the postnatal period, reflecting serious gaps in PNC use. The postnatal period continues to be a time of heightened risk In Ethiopia, despite reduction in overall maternal mortality. Furthermore, PNC utilization in the country is still low. This indicates the need for further plan and intervention. Objective: To assess the prevalence of PNC service utilization and associated factors among mothers who have given birth in the last 12 months in East Azernet Berbere district, Siltie zone, Central Ethiopia. Methods: A mixed methodS study was conducted from February 15 to April 28, 2025. Quantitative data was collected from 433 women who gave birth within a year before the study using an interviewer-administered questionaire. These women were selected through multistage sampling. Qualitative data was gathered from purposively sampled postnatal women, Health extension workers, and other health professionals working in the MCH departments of health facilities within the district, through in-depth interviews. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the qualitative data. For the quantitative data, SPSS version 27 was used for analysis, and logistic regression was used to determine associations. A p-value of <0.05 was used to declare statistical significance. Results: Out of the 433 mothers who participated, the proportion of PNC utilization was 38.6% (95% CI: 34%– 43%). Factors that showed statistical significance with PNC utilization were women with a diploma or higher education, who experienced pregnancy complications, delivered via cesarean section, lived within 30 minutes of a health facility, or used maternity waiting homes, and house hold monthly income At P-value < 0.05. Thes findings were supported by qualitative results, and showed lack of awareness, financial constraints, transportation difficulties, and social stigma were major barriers to PNC utilization. Conclusion: PNC utilization in the study area remains low as compared to the WHO’s recommendation for PNC coverage. Targeted interventions to educating the community, improving access to health services, and strengthening supportive environments are essential to enhance PNC use in rural Ethiopia.
Perceived Barriers to Implementing Family Centered Care in Neonatal Intensive Care Units of Public Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2025
(Addis Ababa University, 2025-06-14) Workalem Tilahun; Taddese Bedada; Fikirtemariam Abebe
Background: Family-centered care (FCC) in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) promotes parental involvement, decreased neonatal mortality, and increase neonatal outcomes. Despite worldwide evidence encouraging FCC, sub-Saharan Africa, including Ethiopia, affecting high neonatal mortality rates (32.6 /1,000 live births) due to inadequate FCC implementation. While studies in high-income countries suggested successful FCC, barriers in low-resource settings like Ethiopia remain unexplored. Objectives: This study aimed to explore perceived barriers to FCC implementation in NICUs across public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methodology: A descriptive design was used across three public hospitals (SPHMMC, Abebech Gobna, and St. Peters). Purposively recruited ten healthcare providers (nurses, doctors) and nine parents. An In-depth interviews were conducted using semi-structured guides question, translated, transcribed, and analyzed thematically via Open Code 4.03. Trustworthiness was confirmed through credibility, dependability, and confirmability measures. Results: Nineteen interviews were conducted, with 10 health care provider participants and 9 care givers with mean age of 26 (± SD = 0.38). Two main themes were identified as facility-related barriers (lack of space, communication gaps, insufficient medicine supply, no FCC training, strict protocol) and family-related barriers (low health literacy, logistical barriers, and emotional distress). Congestion and bad NICU architecture limited family presence, and communication gaps and medicals were barriers to engagement. Conclusion and recommendation: Applying FCC in NICUs requires multifaceted strategies like redesigning NICU room, flexible visitation rule, updating staff, and family support programs. Addressing gaps through government-NGO partnerships and prioritizing parental involvement can increase neonatal outcomes and reduce mortality. Future research might need explore FCC interventions in diverse Ethiopian healthcare settings to investigating equitable, family-center care.
Quality of Nursing Care and Associated Factors in Intensive Care Units of Selected Public Hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2025
(Addis Ababa University, 2025-06-27) Meron Eshete; Tigistu Gebreyohannis and Tsion Alemu
Background: The quality of nursing care in intensive care units (ICUs) is a critical determinant of patient outcomes and satisfaction, particularly in high-stakes environments such as those found in public hospitals. In Ethiopia, where healthcare resources are often limited and related literature is rather scarce, understanding the dynamics of nursing care quality is essential for improving health services. Objective: To assess quality of nursing care and associated factors in intensive care units of selected public hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2025 Methods: An institution-based, cross-sectional study was conducted from February 1 to February 30, 2025, among nurses working in intensive care units of selected public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. All eligible nurses within the study settings were included, employing a total population sampling approach. Data were collected using a standardized, self-administered Quality Nursing Care Scale for Intensive Care (ICU-I-QNCS) questionnaire. The collected data were entered into Kobo Toolbox and analyzed using SPSS version 26. Descriptive statistics summarized participants’ characteristics. Bivariable and multivariable regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with the quality of nursing care. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated, and a p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The findings were presented using text, tables, and figures. Results: A total of 165 respondents participated in the study, resulting in a response rate of 98.8%. Males constituted 55.8% (n = 92) of the sample. The median age was 30 years, with an interquartile range of 28 to 32 years. Overall, 75.8% (n = 125) of participants demonstrated adequate knowledge of quality nursing care; however, only 27.9% (n = 46; 95% CI: 21.0–34.8) provided care that met acceptable quality standards. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that higher educational attainment (AOR = 3.70; 95% CI: 1.72 7.98) and adequate knowledge of quality nursing care (AOR = 3.28; 95% CI: 1.14–9.46) were significantly associated with the provision of acceptable quality nursing care. Conclusions: A substantial majority (72.1%) of nurses delivered care below acceptable quality standards. We recommend that hospital authorities strengthen efforts to ensure compliance with nursing care quality standards. These findings can inform policy development aimed at enhancing care quality in health facilities.
Perceptions and Challenges of Mothers With Preterm Babies in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2025: Qualitative Study
(Addis Ababa University, 2025-05-08) Tihitina Mulugeta; Habtamu Abera and Yosief Tsige
Background: Mothers who experience preterm delivery express feelings of failure and inadequacy, as they perceive an inability to carry their pregnancy to full term and to defend their babies from damage and distress. Most of them suffered emotional stress because of their lack of preparation for the premature birth and the uncertainty surrounding the newborn's survival and longevity. Objectives: To explore the perceptions and challenges of mothers having preterm newborns in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Methods: A descriptive phenomenological study design was conducted among 10 mothers of preterm babies at Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital from Jan 20 to Feb 20, 2025. Purposive sampling technique was used to select study participants. Open-ended interview guide was used for collecting data. The interview was audio recorded, transcribed, and translated to English. The transcript was imported to Atlas.ti 25 qualitative data analysis software for coding. Finally, Colaizzi's 7-step approach to inductive thematic analysis of the results was used. Trustworthiness was ensured by implementing Lincoln and Guba criteria of credibility, transferability, dependability, and conformability. Result: Mother recognized preterm babies by gestational age and physical characteristics. As babies born early, nine months before, and small in size, they have underdeveloped organs and reduced alertness. Mothers described the experience of preterm birth as a sudden, overwhelming, and emotionally traumatic event, often accompanied by negative emotions like feelings of fear, sadness, worries, and hopelessness. Many perceived that preterm babies might not survive. During their stay in the NICU, these mothers faced numerous challenges, including a lack of adequate counseling, scarce resources, and the unfamiliar and intimidating environment of the NICU. They emphasized the need for both emotional and practical support from healthcare providers, family members, and community. Conclusion and recommendation: Mother’s perception of preterm babies is, in itself, a source of emotional distress in the NICU, alongside unexpected early birth, early separation from their baby, and uncertainty about survival. Strengthening emotional support, improving hospital facilities, counseling services and raising awareness are vital to reduce stress and promote better outcomes.
Utilization of Palliative Care Service and Its Affecting Factors Among Adult Cancer Patients in Jimma University Medical Center, Jimma, South West, Ethiopia, December 2024
(Addis Ababa University, 2024-12-24) Abdi Biratu; Debela G.
Background: Cancer is a collection of more than 150 diseases characterized by abnormal cell growth. Palliative care is required for cancer, and is an approach to improve quality of life for those facing life threatening illness. Factors affecting the utilization of palliative care service includes sociodemographic characteristic, clinical factors, knowledge factors, financial factors, communication factors, health system factors and perception about palliative care which has four domains. Objectives: To assess the utilization of palliative care service and factors affecting among adult cancer patients in Jimma University Medical Center, Jimma, Southwest, Ethiopia, December 2024. Methodology: A facility-based cross-sectional study was employed. Systematic random sampling technique was used to select the study participants from the cancer unit of Jimma University Medical Center. A structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. The entered data is exported to Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26.0 for windows. Logistic regression is computed to assess the statistical association. The multivariable logistic regression model is used to identify the independent factors associated with palliative care service utilization. Result: About 409 participants’ responded questionnaire giving a 98.8% response rate. In this study we found that the prevalence of palliative care utilization among adult cancer patients in Jimma University Medical Center was 39.4%. Factors that associated with palliative care utilization were including: male patients (AOR = 2.51, 95% CI: 1.49-4.19), higher educational attainment (diploma and above) (AOR = 2.43, 95% CI: 1.18 5.01), Employed patients (AOR = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.07-4.13), patients possessing good knowledge (AOR = 3.26, 95% CI: 2.08-5.11) and patients with a good perception of palliative care (AOR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.14 2.81), were found to be statistically significant association with utilization of palliative care. Conclusion and Recommendations: The utilization of palliative care services was low. And being male, having good educational status, employment and having good perception for palliative care are among factors identified. Additionally, about half of the patients encountered financial difficulties, health system bureaucracies, and challenges in knowledge and communication while receiving palliative care.
Diabetes Health Literacy, Self-Care Behaviors and Associated Factors Among Adult Diabetes Patient Attending Follow-Up Care at Public Hospitals in the East Arsi Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia, 2025
(Addis Ababa University, 2025-06-03) Abebe Basha Biru; Fekadu Aga
Background: Diabetes health literacy and self-care behavior play an important role in avoiding and controlling complications of diabetes mellitus and are positively associated with good glycemic control and quality of life improvement. However, we lack evidence describing their magnitude in the East Arsi zone of the Oromia regional state of Ethiopia. Objectives: This study was aimed to assess the magnitude of diabetes health literacy, self-care behavior, and associated factors among adult diabetes patients attending follow-up care at selected public hospitals in East Arsi zone, Oromia, Ethiopia, 2025. Methods: An institutional based cross-sectional study was employed in five public hospitals found in East Arsi zone, which was selected by simple random sampling, with a sample size of 468 adult diabetes patients. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using binary logistic regression to assess associations between dependent and independent variables. Result: More than half, 270 (57.7%) of the study participants had low diabetes health literacy level (DHL), and 260(55.6%) had poor self-care behavior. Being male (AOR=0.602, 95%CI:0.401-0.905), low level of education (AOR=0.519, 95%CI: 0.283-0.949), living in rural areas (AOR=1.619, 95%CI: 1.055-2.485), had not attended diabetes education (AOR=1.588, 95%CI:1.004-2.513) and receiving diabetes information only from one source (AOR=0.629, 95%CI: 0.414-0.955), were significantly associated with low DHL. Again, younger (AOR=3.397,95%CI:1.407-11.224), lives in rural (AOR=0.489, 95%CI:0.316-0.755), never having been exposed to DM education (AOR=1.796, 95% CI: 1.111-2.901) and a monthly income of <1000 (AOR=0.234, 95% CI: 0.092-0.591) and 2001-3000 (AOR=0.531, 95% CI: 0.142-0.869) were significantly associated with poor diabetes self-care behavior. Conclusion: Large number of the study participant had low diabetes health literacy level and poor self-care behavior; improving and monitoring awareness of diabetes patient will improve further.
Assessment of Post-Partum Hemorrhage Management Outcome and Associated Factors Among Women Who Gave Birth in Addis Ababa Public Hospitals: A Retrospective Study
(Addis Ababa University, 2025-06-04) Masresha Kibret Beyene; Haweni Adugna
Background: Four main parts of national guidelines of post-partum hemorrhage management and prevention include risk identification and prevention, active management of third stage of labor, emergency responses protocols and training and implementations Postpartum hemorrhage management remains a significant challenge, with limited studies on outcomes and associated factors. Assessing management outcomes of post-partum hemorrhage among Addis Ababa selected public hospitals is crucial for guidelines implementation. Objective: To assess postpartum hemorrhage management outcome and associated factors among women who gave birth in selected Addis Ababa public hospital. Methods: A hospital-based retrospective study design used to include 315 mothers who develop postpartum hemorrhage during the study period. Simple random sampling method was implemented. Secondary data collected by trained data collectors. The collected data cleaned, entered, and analyzed using SPSS computer software. Bi-variate regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors of the PPH management outcome of mothers. By multiple logistic regression predictors which had p-value<0.05 were identified the results presented in tables, charts, and text as appropriate. Result: The study analyzed post-partum hemorrhage management outcome from 315 mothers who developed post-partum hemorrhage from those 62.9% had favorable outcome (recovered with out of developed complications) whereas 37.1% had unfavorable outcomes (recovered cope up of complications or died). Anemia history linked to a lower odds ratio of 0.020(95%CI :0.004-0.060, p-value <0.001) of unfavorable outcomes. The nonsurgical intervention elevated the likelihood of unfavorable outcomes by AOR of 7.13(95%CI,2.27-19.0, p-value <0. 001). Lack of blood transfusion by AOR0.27 (95%CI,0.13-0.17, p-value <0.001). and lack of fluid resuscitation (AOR = 2.481(95% CI: 1.238-4.972, p-value =0.02)) with unfavorable outcomes. Conclusion and recommendations: The study suggests that risk identification, emergency response, and effective implementation of guidelines can improve post-partum hemorrhage outcomes, despite the high number of complications and deaths.
Fathers’ Involvement in Child Feeding Practice and Its Associated Factors Among Fathers Having Children Aged 6-24 Months in Worabe Town Administration, Silte Zone
(Addis Ababa University, 2025-06-04) Kedir Hussen; Abdissa Boka; Wudma Alemu
Background: Optimal child feeding is crucial for the health and development of infants and young children, significantly impacting growth and survival rates. However, there is a notable gap in understanding the responsibility of fathers in child feeding practices. Addressing this gap is essential for creating effective interventions that encourage paternal engagement, ultimately enhancing child well-being. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess fathers' involvement in child feeding practices and to identify contributing factors among fathers of children in Worabe Town administration who are between the ages of 6 and 24 months. Methods: community-based cross-sectional study, supplemented by qualitative methods, was conducted in Worabe Town Administration from February 20 to march 20, 2025.Participants in the study were chosen using a systematic random selection technique, and data was gathered through in depth interviews until the information was saturated for the qualitative component and in-person interviews using a standardized questionnaire for the quantitative component After its completeness is checked. Data were entered into Epi Data version 4.6 and exported to SPSS version 27 then descriptive s were calculated. Bi variate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to identify factors associated with fathers' involvement in child feeding. In bivariate analysis variables with a p value of ≤ 0.25 were included in the multivariate logistic regression analysis at a 95% confidence range.A significant association was declared when the p-value was less than 0.05. Qualitative data was manually analyzed by summarizing key themes and ideas expressed by participants. Results: The study revealed that 42.1% of the respondents were involved in child feeding. Factors significantly associated were urban residence(AOR = 2.0; 95% CI: 1.88–3.57), secondary or higher education levels among fathers (5.2;95% CI: 2.59-10.46) and (5.4; 95% CI: 2.40,12.14), higher women’s education(AOR = 2.94; 95% CI: 1.24–6.98), having a male child (AOR = 1.8; 95% CI: 1.18 2.69), daily laborer occupation(AOR=0.3; 95% CI: 0.13–0.64), good fathers knowledge (AOR = 1.73; 95% CI: 1.18–2.52) and positive attitude (AOR = 2.1;95% CI:1.4–3.1),supportive community encouragement (AOR=1.7;95%CI;1.16-2.44). Conclusion: According the findings of this study, it showed that that the level of fathers’ involvement in child feeding remains low.highlighting these findings, it is important to implement targeted interventions that promote awareness and education among male partners.
Assessment of nurses’ Knowledge and Practices Regarding Noise Reduction and Associated Factors in Neonatal Intensive Care Units in Public Hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2025
(Addis Ababa Univertiy, 2025) Haymanot Mulugeta; Tefera Mulugeta zuriyash Mengistu
Noise, often described as unwanted or disruptive sound. It can adversely affect both mental and physical health, making it essential to minimize noise whenever possible. Excessive noise poses significant risks to the well-being of newborns. Many studies have reported that nurses in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) have limited awareness and insufficient knowledge regarding noise, practices to reduce it. In resource-limited countries, such as Ethiopia, there is a particular lack of evidence on this subject. Objective: The aim of the study was to assess nurses’ knowledge and practice regarding noise reduction and associated factors in neonatal intensive care in public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Methods: An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted involving 117 nurses working in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) from From January 20/2025 to February 20/2025. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. then added to kobotoolbox to reduce manual errors. The data was transferred to SPSS then bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable. The adjusted odds ratio was used to interpret the strength of the association, with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Statistical significance was established with a P-value of <0.05 in the multivariate analysis. The results were presented through figures, tables, and charts. Results: The proportion of nurses having good knowledge and practice was 54.7% and 50.4% respectively. Knowledge was significantly associated with education level (AOR=5.821,95% CI: (1.039-32.5) p-value= 0.045), years of experience in the NICU (AOR= 0.537, 95%CI: (0.392- 0.736) p-value = 0.09), and the challenges encountered in implementing noise reduction practices (AOR = 0.537, 95% CI: (0.392–0.736), p < 0.001).Practice was significantly associated with the presence of a noise meter (AOR=2.795, 95% CI 1.018 - 7.672, p-value 0.046) And NICU noise level (AOR= 0.08795, 95% CI 0.035 - 0.217, p-value 0.000). Conclusion and r ecommendations: This study reveals a moderate level of understanding but inconsistent practices. Therefore, hospital administrations and supporting organizations should prioritize noise reduction training and ensure policies and guidelines are easily accessible.

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