Time to Recovery and its Associated Factors Among Preterm Neonates With Necrotizing Enterocolitis Admitted To Neonatal Intensive Care Unite In Selected Hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2024
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Date
2024-05-23
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Background: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a complex multifactorial disease that results in ischemia, pneumatosis, necrosis, and perforation. It remains the leading cause of gastrointestinal disease-related mortality in preterm babies. However, there is a paucity of data regarding recovery time and associated factors. Thus, this study aimed to determine the time to recovery and associated factors among preterm neonates with NEC admitted to the NICU in selected public hospitals in Addis Ababa.
Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 313 preterm neonates who were diagnosed with necrotizing enterocolitis and admitted to selected hospitals within the last ten years. Patient charts were selected using simple random sampling (lottery method). A data abstraction form was used to collect the data. STATA version 14.0 was used for the analysis. A Kaplan–Meier survival curve was generated to estimate the survival probabilities. A log-rank test was computed to compare the significant differences in survival probability at any time point between categories of covariates. The hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were computed to determine the associations. According to the multivariate analysis, variables with a p value < 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant.
Results: Of the 313 preterm neonates with NEC, 52 (16.61%) recovered, and 261 (83.39%) were censored. The overall incidence of recovery time was 12.5 (95% CI: 0.01-0.02) per 1000 person-days. The median time to recovery from necrotizing enterocolitis among preterm neonates was 21 (IQR: 18–24) days. Predictors significantly associated with recovery time included birth weight of the neonate, steroid administration, PROM, and duration of antibiotics.
Conclusion and recommendation: The incidence rate of NEC was very low, and the overall median time to recover from NEC was high in the study area. Having an extremely low birth weight, not taking steroids, being born to a mother with no PROM, and taking antibiotics for more than fourteen days were proven to delay the time to recovery from NEC. Therefore, measures that increase the recovery rate and hasten the recovery time should be strengthened. Keywords: Preterm neonate, necrotizing enterocolitis, time to recovery, associated factors, Ethiopia
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Keywords
Preterm neonate necrotizing enterocolitis time to recovery associated factors
Ethiopia