Prevalence and Factors Associated with Diabetes Retinopathy Among Type 2 Diabetes Patients at Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2018.
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Date
2018-06
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Introduction: Diabetes retinopathy (DR) is a well-recognized complication of diabetes mellitus that occurs as a result of long-term accumulated damage to the small blood vessels in the retina. It is one of the leading causes of blindness in adults of working age in industrialized countries and the emerging cause of blindness in developing countries. Worldwide prevalence of DR was recently estimated to be 93 million or 34.6%. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and associated factor among type 2 diabetes patient who are on follow up services at Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital Diabetic Unit. Methods and materials; An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March, 1 to April, 1 at Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The sample size was determined using a single population proportion formula. Systematic random sampling method was used to select participants. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 22. Descriptive statistics was done to identify the distribution of socio-demographic characteristics of the study participants. Then those variables having p value <0.05 was considered as having significant independent association. Result: - There were 191 Participants in this study out of them 98(51.3%) had diabetic retinopathy. Multivariate analysis shows, diabetic retinopathy were nearly 11 times higher for male patients (AOR= 11.248, CI= 1.816-69.689) when compared to female patient. Patients who visit health institution for their diabetic case every one month had about 2.7% (AOR= 0.027, CI=0.003-0.231) less chance to diabetic retinopathy than those patients who visit health institution for their diabetic case every six month. Non-hypertensive patients had about 3.2% less chance for diabetic retinopathy than hypertensive patient (AOR= 0.039, CI=0.008-0.191). Diabetic retinopathy increases with increasing duration of illness. Patient with glycemic control <=7 also had less chance to diabetic retinopathy than patients with poor glycemic control. Conclusion and recommendation: - In this study we found that the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy is high. Multivariate logistic regression shows that factors that associated with diabetic retinopathy were being male sex, number of visit, duration of illness, HbA1c and hypertension.
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Diabetic retinopathy; Type 2 diabetes; Prevalence; factors associated; diabetes complication;