Browsing by Author "Shiferaw, Yohannes (PhD)"
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Item Analyisis of Disability Inclusiveness in Media Organizations: The Case of Ebc(AAU, 2021-03) Wariyo, Tigist; Shiferaw, Yohannes (PhD)As evidences show, substantial number of people with disabilities lives in Ethiopia. Though the number of people with disabilities is significant, disability inclusiveness in different services and opportunities is negligible. This study aims to explore disability inclusiveness in Ethiopian Broadcasting Corporation in respect to employment opportunity, disability issue coverage, attribution of disabled sources, and accessibility of built environments. To do so, qualitative research method is preferred and the data were collected through depth interviews, focus group discussions and from secondary sources. Twelve journalists and media representatives participated on the indepth interviews and 2 FGDs were held with twelve members each. Generally the data collected through these techniques divulge that implementation of disability inclusiveness is minimal in the Corporation. To put specifically the finding regarding employment reveals that PWDs are seldom employed in the organization. Concerning disability issue coverage, the findings clearly confirm that disability issues were covered rarely. The other finding points out that the views of people with disabilities as a group or individually is rarely attributed in stories dealing with common interest issues. This is due to lack of awareness of representatives & journalists.Item Analysis of Audience's Perception on Presentation of Children Program: The Case of Etv(Addis Ababa University, 2019-05) Midekesa, Tesfaye; Shiferaw, Yohannes (PhD)Television is currently playing a very significant role of informing and educating society, especially children. However, parents are very much concerned about their children’s television consumptions. This study aims at analyzing of audience's perception on presentation of children program on Ethiopian Television (ETV). Attempts are made to see the audience's perception of ETV children's program through journalist, producers of the program and parents. Purpose of the study is primarily, might help ETV children program producers and the organization by indicating ways to broadcast children's television programs effectively. In addition, the study may provide some insights to producers of ETV media station and other similar TV stations that work on children program production and would help them avoid similar challenges and run a program that satisfy their audiences. Moreover, it might benefit the professionals of the media and trigger new point of view to the area. For the data collection, Parents were purposively selected based on availability of a child at specific households from Akaki kality, Yeka and Bole sub cities, which have more condominium housed from the ten-sub cities of Addis Ababa. Reception Theory and Social Learning Theory were used as theoretical framework. The study used mixed method and therefore employed both qualitative and quantitative approaches. While questionnaire used to obtain quantitative data from parents, in-depth interview was used to get qualitative data from Journalists and program producers. The findings of the study depicted that journalists and programmers did not perceive ETV Amharic children program as a most preferred children program. They attribute this to the various challenges such as time allocated, budget assigned, interference and the low level of attention given by authorities to the program. They call for structural adjustment and reform on the department running it. Response from parents revealed presence of content repetition that the same content would be aired using different people or locations, there was lack of consistency, and the time was insufficient to each segment. Therefore, the major findings of this study are, there is inadequate budget, un professional interference, ETV children program not being as a most preferred children program. It was recommended that the producers of the program understand the interests and needs of its viewers through need assessment studies on children and also parents, and that ETV has to upgrade its journalists’ professional skill pertaining to children's program.Item Analysis of Walta Tv’s “Netsa Hasab” Program From the Perspective of Investigative Journalism Principles(AAU, 2021-02) Belay, Addis; Shiferaw, Yohannes (PhD)This research was conducted for the purpose of analysing the practice of investigative journalism in Walta TV's ‟Netsa Hasab” program from the perspective of investigative journalism principles and identifying major challenges journalists faced. To conduct this study, the researcher employed a descriptive analytical method of data collection through a qualitative approach. In-depth interview was used to collect data from 20 informants comprising of managers, senior editors, producers, reporters and media experts who were purposefully selected for the study. Accordingly, five Walta's TV ‟Netsa Hasab”programs were purposefully selected for the study. The analysis of the data was applied by thematic analysis method, based on objectives and questions of the study. To conceptualize the subject matter, Scholarly articles related to purpose, importance and role of investigative journalism, as well as its techniques were discussed. Social responsibility theory of press, Gatekeeping theory and Principles of investigative journalism were used as theoretical framework. The finding of the study was indicated that there is absence of a clear-cut and independent guideline for investigative programs. Stories covered by "Netsa Hasab" programs are not well researched and analysed before presentation. There are also lack of organized team, lack of skilled man power, lack of sufficient training and limited resource to conduct investigative programs. Although, political interference by media managers and chief editorials. According to the research finding, there is only an attempt to practice investigative reporting in Walta Television. Therefore as analysed by the researcher, even though there is a good start exercising profession of investigative journalism by ‟Netsa Hasab” but it is at an infant stage, contrasting the socio-economic and political problems of the society to be investigated more. Moreover, Investigative programs of Walta's TV ‟Netsa Hasab” program are mainly focused on issues of politics, social and good governance. But the program lacks giving coverage on issues of land grabbing, serious corruption, smuggling, human trafficking, money laundry, mal- administration, failure of system and others. In addition, on the focused area of their coverage, Walta's TV ‟Netsa Hasab” programs are mainly focused on governmental organizations. But the program lacks giving coverage on private companies, non-governmental organizations and individuals (criminals). It was recommended that Walta's TV ‟Netsa Hasab” program should prepare a clear-cut and standard investigative journalism guideline. In addition Walta TV should give attention on those factors like lack of resource (budget, transport & salary), lack of organized professional team, insufficient training of the investigative program producers, editors, reporters and media experts and inappropriate interference of managers and chief editors.Item Assessement of the Community Relation Practies and Challenges: The Case of Public Relations Departemnt in the Selected Sub Cities of Addis Ababa City Government(AAU, 2021-02) Molla, Ashagrie; Shiferaw, Yohannes (PhD)At this time community relations are an overall strategy that not only supports the business of organizations but also contributes to organizational efforts to meet its responsibility to support the interests of the community. The main aim of the study is to identify the community relation practices and challenges the case of public relations departments in selected sub cities of Addis Ababa City Government. The researcher used mixed (quantitative and qualitative) methods and questionnaire and in-depth interviews were used as the data gathering tools. The finding of the study indicates that most community members have not idea about the community relations practices the case of PR departments. Therefore the PR departments did not focus on community relations practices especially its social and economic function, to create mutual understanding with the external publics. Moreover, the two sub cities PR departments did not use varieties of PR tools to reach community, all PR departments have no written PR strategies to address community and the PR offices were not structured and organized professionally by skilled human power and there exists lack of infrastructure. However the PR departments practiced specific community relations such as telling the activities of the organizations, to gather public opinion and PR activities. Therefore, the selected sub cities PR departments needs to have a new PR structures, so that it solves the limitation of skill human resource and help practitioners emphasize professionalism of practitioners. This can be taken as good strategies for improving effort.Item Assessment of Advertisers Pressure on Media Practitioners: The Case of Private Fm Radio Stations.(Addis Ababa University, 2018-06) Seid, Mohammed; Shiferaw, Yohannes (PhD)This study has made an assessment of advertiser’s pressure on media practitioners in private FM radio stations. In-depth interviews and questionnaires were employed for answering the investigation and to attain objectives of the study. Moreover, the subjects for in-depth interviews were purposely selected from Five (5) media practitioners working in the private FM radio stations and two (2) informants from Ethiopian Broadcasting Authority with relation to advertisement and media regulation. Random sampling has also been used for conducting self-administered questionnaires. Sixty (60) questionnaires have been dispatched to journalists in FM radio stations in order to complete the survey. The raw data were analyzed and interpreted thematically to find out their apparent objectives. Furthermore, relevant literatures were also reviewed. The advertisers influence on nature of contents and misconducts of sponsors in relation to advertisement regulation got analyzed in this study. The extensive literature review on social responsibility theory, media ethics, on ethical concerns of advertisement, market driven journalism and the practice of advertisement in private FM radio stations checked. The standard ruling the advertising industry; the guidelines, standards and editorial policies with the proclamation of advertisement. Qualitative inquiry, data were gathered through in depth interviews. The analysis of this study has been grouped in to two. These are; influence from advertisers/ sponsors and compliance with advertisement regulations. Findings implied that most of the practitioners confirmed that media owners were directly influenced by sponsors and advertisers influence nature of content in media houses . It has also been argued by respondents that media houses didn't operate according to EBA's advertisement proclamation no.759/2012.Item An Assessment of Audience Satisfaction with Oromia Broadcasting Network (Television): With Specific Reference to Afan Oromo News(Addis Ababa University, 2019-06) Fitesa, Hika; Shiferaw, Yohannes (PhD)The purpose of this study was to assess the satisfaction of audiences with OBN Television fan Oromo News. Specifically, the study tried to see the extent to which Afan Oromo News meet the need of the audiences to examine how much the audiences are satisfied with selection of issues; to identify factors thataffect audience satisfaction of OBN news and to examine whether audiences are satisfied with OBN Afan Oromo news presentation. In order to generate appropriate data, the study employed purposive sampling technique to select subjects for questionnaire and in depth interview. The researcher believed that purposive selection of participants was useful to get the right TV viewer. While two editors and 4 producers were selected for an interview from OBN, 150 audiences of the station were selected purposively for the questionnaire from Oromia Special Zones near Addis Ababa. The findings of the study showed that OBN Afan Oromo News is highly satisfying the need of its audiences with a few reservations. On the other hand, satisfaction of OBN Afan Oromo news audiences is not highly challenged by the factors affectingsatisfaction of audiences.On the other hand, OBN has huge gap in conducting audience’s satisfaction research and it solely depends on audiences’ feedback via different methods. Thus, the researcher recommends that OBN should conduct audience’s research routinely in order to stay in the market of mass media.Item Assessment of News Source Usage: among State and Private Print Media in Ethiopia a Comparative Analysis of Addis Zemen and Reporter(AAU, 2019-11) Oumer, Muhaba; Shiferaw, Yohannes (PhD)This study was an assessment of News Source Usage: among State and Private print Media in Ethiopia; which is a comparative analysis of Addis Zemen and Reporter Newspapers. To achieve this objective, the researcher used both qualitative and quantitative descriptive research design. The researcher used questionnaires and relevant documents to collect primary and secondary data from the data sources. The main of data were news stories published in the two Newspapers during June-August, 2010 E.C. Journalists and editors were selected purposively, while systematic random samplings were employed to pick the news stories. Content analyses were made to each news in the sample and data regarding various categories of news sources were tallied and recorded. Descriptive percentage analysis and chi-square tests were performed to compare news source usage practices by the two newspapers. In dependent sample t-test was also employed two compare the practice of news source usage of the newspapers as rated by their respective journalists/editors. Both media were found to have used human source as their major sources of news. The usage of other sources were emphasized differently between state and private media; where state media were somewhat better in using nongovernmental sources, and addressing the issues from independent institutions. The two newspapers were found to have covered the entire news category; although the newspapers have different level of consideration of each news topics. The state media had much higher coverage of social services; while the environment topic was have much better covered in the private media. Records and document usage as sources of fully attributed news were used more frequently in the state media. However, private media was relatively much better than the state media in usage of multiple sources. On the basis of these findings, recommendations to review editorial policy, fully attributing news and having reporters across the world were made to Addis Zemen Newspaper. The reporter Newspaper was recommended for proportional coverage of all news categories, and usage of non-governmental institutions, and usage of document archives. Moreover, a concerted effort between the state and private media regarding news sources usages, and draw a strategic media relation plan for a win-win situation and uphold professionalism.Item Assessment of Perceptions in PR-Journalist Relationships: The Case of Oromia Government Communication & Selected Afan Oromo Media(AAU, 2020-07) Gutema, Abebe; Shiferaw, Yohannes (PhD)There is a widespread distrust and suspicion between public relations practitioners and journalists around the world. The two sides largely perceive each other negatively. Their relationship is paradoxical as it involves both cooperation and conflict. Especially in countries like Ethiopia, where government PR and state media dominate the fields, their relationship is expected to be bad. This study aims to assess the perceptions in PR-Journalist relations between OGC practitioners and Afan Oromo journalists working in OBN & EBC. The study used mixed method approach and data are collected from 90 respondents and informants working in the three institutions using questionnaires and in-depth interviews. The results have shown that lack of professionalism, misunderstanding of each other’s roles,unethical practices and state ownership of the media are affecting their perceptions. Specifically, the study indicated that journalists are more suspicious of PR practitioners (57 percent of the respondents), both are dissatisfaction with each other’s contributions (62 percent of journalists & 81 percent of PR practitioners), and government ownership of the media is negatively influencing their perceptions (responded by 50 percent from both sides).Based on the findings, the researcher recommends establishing regular tripartite review meeting forum, providing selected and practical training about roles of both sides and ensuring trust by meeting professional standards.Item Assessment of Public Relations Practices in Media Organization: The Case of Ethiopian Brodcasting Corporation(AAU, 2019-01) Demis, Tsigereda; Shiferaw, Yohannes (PhD)This thesis is aimed at investigating the practice of public relations in Ethiopian Broadcasting Corporation. It followed a qualitative case study approach. Data is obtained from field work that entailed participant observation, individual interview, focus group discussion and document review. The researcher employed qualitative method of data analysis and interpretation. The major findings of the study indicate the fact that public relations was given very little consideration until very recently. Even after recognition was given to a multidimensional role it could play, there is still lack of dedicated support for its efficient service and it is not yet involved in decision making activities. It is also pointed out that, despite lack of budget, shortage of publication staff and wholehearted support of the top management; existing practitioners are doing their level best as image builders, link builders, public opinion investigators, informers, awareness creators, event organizers, capacity builders of the organization. Yet there is still a need to work on capacity building of public relations practitioners, employing sufficient number of public relations professionals. The organization should also employ professional public relation practitioners. Finally the organization should also arrange internal self-assessment and external audit workshops to improve the existing practice and to make corrective actions with regard to identified constraints of the public relation team.Item An Assessment of the Practices and Challenges of Using Social Media as a Communication Tool for Peace Building: the Case of Ministry of Peace(AAU, 2021-02) Chanie Mengistu, Demeke; Shiferaw, Yohannes (PhD)Communication plays a vital role for creating favorable conditions for peace building process. Social media is one of the tools that many individuals, governmental and non-governmental organizations are now using as a means of communication tool. The main objective of the study is to assess the practices and challenges of using social media as a communication tool for peace building: the case of Ministry of Peace. The descriptive research design was undertaken by using interviews and content analysis method. Non-probability sampling methods were applied and quantitative and qualitative data collecting techniques were used in this research. The research was conducted based on the collected data by conducting interview with the employees of the Ministry of Peace and by collecting 656 posted data from the Ministry‟s Facebook page which had got the total of 139, 838 likes, comments and shares. The collected data also presented and analyzed based on their themes. Accordingly, among the total users reaction the posted data had got 71.9 percent likes, 22.4 percent shares and 5.7 percent comments. The finding of this study also showed that a lot of information has been posted on the Facebook page, 63.1 per cents were in combination of images and text. Contents posted by this type of posting medium had got 72.4 per cent of users engagement by liking, commenting and sharing it. In addition findings showed that when more information posted on the Ministry‟s Facebook page, several users reacted to the posted contents whereas less number of users reacted when less number of contents were posted on the Ministry's Facebook page. Similarly, 62 percent of the information posted was about peace building and 37.6 percent was about other day-to-day activities. Users comments were also assessed and resulted that 75 percent of the comments were positively stated where as 25 percent of the comments were negatively commented. However, the Ministry Facebook page was one of the main mediums to disseminate information to the Ministry‟s stakeholders; it did not have social media usage guidelines. The Ministry also did not used its Facebook page properly for two way communication and effective peacebuilding purpose. The research concludes that as social media has a direct impact on the process of peace building and the Ministry is responsible to build peace all over the country. Hence, the research highly recommended the Ministry to prepare and implement social media usage guideline, use different social media platforms in different languages and use all posting medium proportionally.Item A Comparative Content Analysis of Ethiopian Newspapers’ Coverage of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs): The Case of the Ethiopian Herald and the Reporter Newspapers(Addis Ababa University, 2019-07) Mirgisa, Girma; Shiferaw, Yohannes (PhD)Generally, the media especially print have the potential of providing information on current happenings in society. It is also responsible of the media in the country to cover crisis in the society such as the internal displacement of the people in Ethiopia. Hence, this study was conducted with the aim of comparatively coverage of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) in the two Ethiopian newspapers – the Ethiopian Herald and the Reporter newspapers. A quantitative content analysis was employed to analysis news stories published on IDPs in the two newspapers. The in-depth interview was also used with the targeted newspaper's journalists and editors. The content analyzed newspapers cover a period of one year from January to December, 2018. In one-year period of the study, it was found only 52 stories on IDPs-related issues in two selected newspapers. Out of these, 17 articles are published in the Ethiopian Herald and 35 articles are produced in the Reporter newspaper. The analysis was further made based on level of the story, type, theme, source, placement, by-lines of story and type of frame used in the stories. News stories, feature articles and editorials were considered as the units of analysis. Moreover, Agenda Setting Theory, Framing Theory and Responsibility Theory of Media were used as the theoretical frameworks. The findings revealed that the Reporter newspaper gave more coverage to the IDPs issues as compared to the Ethiopian Herald. It was also found that the IDPs issue during the period of study was presented mostly as news format in the targeted newspapers. Response indicated that government officials were highly quoted in the selected newspapers. However, displaced peoples were quoted to a limited extent. It was recommended that the media in Ethiopia should pay more attention to IDPs issues. The print media, most particularly newspaper houses, should set more agenda for public discussion regarding to IDPs issues by giving more prominence to the issues. Key Words: Newspaper, Internally Displaced Persons, Content Analysis,Item Corporate Social Responsibility Practice of Multinational Companies in Ethiopia: The case of Heineken Brewery S.C(Addis Ababa University, 2019-05) Gereziher, Berihu; Shiferaw, Yohannes (PhD)Multinational profit making organizations carry out their corporate social responsibilities to show the human face of their business by protecting the environment and the safety of people living in the surrounding of their plants. The main aim of this study was to explore the CSR practices of a multinational Brewery Company in Ethiopia, Heineken Brewery, with specific reference to the brewery plant in Kilinto. The researcher explored the CSR practices with respect to Elikington’s corporate social responsibility triple bottom line and a specific focus on the people and planet perspectives. Relevant literature was reviewed to describe multinational companies CSR practices in developed and developing countries perspectives. Qualitative research method was used in the study with Case study approach since this research is about specific case in a specific company. Semi structured interview, observation and document analysis were used to collect data. Qualitative content analysis method was used to analyze the qualitative data and describe the meaning. The researcher examined the data in a systematic way in relation to the research questions reducing the data by coding and categorizing to draw meaning. The findings indicate that Heineken lacked proportionate CSR practice in its environmental and social CSR practices. Though the company took part in some philanthropic CSR activities, its CSR approach was short term and reactive instead of being proactive. Heineken CSR strategy needs modification to customize its global CSR strategies in to local contexts to solve local problems. Based on the findings, the researcher recommended that Heineken needs to make improvement in its CSR to contribute and empower the community to address their environmental and social needs. It is also recommended that Heineken needs to effectively communicate its CSR to the community.Item An Investigation in to the Presence of Enabling Environment for Investigative Journalism in Ethiopia: The Case of Ebc Radio Cluster, Fm 104.4 Mekelle, Snnprs Rta/Fm 100.9(Addis Ababa University, 2018-06) Weldegebriel, Berhan; Shiferaw, Yohannes (PhD)This research was conducted in order to explore the presence of enabling environment for investigative journalism in Ethiopia in the case of EBC radio cluster, FM 104.4 Mekelle, SNNPRS RTA/FM 100.9. Therefore, both qualitative and quantitative approaches were used to collect the needed data. In-depth interview, questionnaire and document analyses of data collection methods were applied. The sources of this study were journalists from the selected radio stations, media managers and an instructor from the Department of Law Mekelle University. In-depth interview was conducted with the primary sources of key informants, total of ten which is 6 investigative journalists, three media manager and an instructor from Mekelle University law department. Besides, questionnaire was distributed among the journalists of the selected three radio stations from the existing different departments. Then 86 journalists filled the questionnaire. Finally document analysis (editorial polices) of the three radio stations were used as secondary sources. The finding of the study reveals that, the poor applicability of media law and editorial policy in the media organizations, lack of full commitment from the government and media organizations to help journalists embark on investigative journalism are mainly contributed to the poor performance of investigative journalism in Ethiopia. In addition, journalists have lack of enough skill and knowledge of investigative journalism and there is less cooperation of public and government bodies to provide information for investigative journalists are the major findings. Therefore, journalist should be strong, devoted to practice investigative journalism and confront challenges. In addition, all the concerned bodies should be committed and initiated in practicing the editorial policy of the organizations and media law should be implemented in the ground.Item Media Representation of the Ethio-Eritrea Peace Deal: the Cases of Africanews, Aljazeera and BBC Websites(Addis Ababa University, 2019-06) Menkir, Heran; Shiferaw, Yohannes (PhD)The objective of the study was to analyze how the Ethio-Eritrea peace deal was represented by Aficanews, Aljazeera and BBC websites. For the purpose of this, media representation, stereotype and social construction theories were used as theoretical frameworks to analyze the data. The time frame of the data was from April 2018 up to December 2018 and gathered from https://www.africanews.com/ https://www.aljazeera.com/ and https://www.bbc.com/. Mixed research design was used. Thus, quantitative content analysis and qualitative discourse analysis were employed for this study. The aim of the quantitative content analysis was to categorize and analyze the representation and sources cited by the selected media. The aim of the discourse analysis was to give detailed explanations of the words and phrases used by the selected media in describing the peace deal and to clarify the representations that couldn‟t be elaborated only in numbers. The quantitative data was categorized in line with the stories nature of positive, negative, mixed and neutral representations and it had two categories which are representation analysis and sources cited by the selected media. The findings of the study showed in percentage that Africanews represented the deal as positive in 28 of its 46 stories which is 60.9% of its total. 5 stories (10.9%) represented the deal as negative. On the other hand, this website also had mixed representation that accounted for 6 (13%) of the stories. The website had 7 (15.2%) of its stories as neutral representation. Thus, the Africanews stories representation of the peace deal mostly appears to be positive. Aljazeera‟s website represented the deal as positive in 19 of its 29 articles which is 65.6% of its total. The website represented the peace deal in 6 (20.7%) stories in a negative way, 3 (10.3%) stories showed the representation of the peace deal as mixed and 1 (3.4%) story represented the peace deal in a neutral way. Therefore, Aljazeera‟s representation of the deal appears mostly positive. The other selected website, BBC, represented the peace deal as positive in 9 of its 22 stories which is 40.9% of its total. 4 (18.2%) stories represented the deal as negative. On the other hand, 6 (27.3%) articles out of the total stories posted by BBC had mixed representation. The remaining 3 (13.6%) stories had a neutral representation regarding the issue. Concerning sources, Africanews, Aljazeera and BBC cited people and documents as their sources of information in the articles. Africanews cited total of 65 sources in its 46 articles among the 65 sources 34 which is 52.3% belongs to people while the remaining 31 sources that is 47.7% goes to documents. Aljazeera cited total of 61 sources for its 29 articles, thus 44 which is 72.1% sources were people while the rest 17 (27.9%) were documents and BBC cited 39 sources for its 22 stories. Among the sources cited 32 (82%) belongs to people though the remaining 7(18%) were cited as documents. Findings from the qualitative discourse analysis showed that BBC and Aljazeera used different words to define the Eritrean President Isaias Afewerki such as “strongman”, “secretive and paranoid” “charismatic and brutal” and “austere”. This shows that the selected media were using certain words to represent the President; this might create a picture in the heads of readers who do know or don‟t know about him. The discourse analysis also showed that the Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed was described by the BBC as an “astute politician with impressive academic and military credentials”. Aljazeera mentioned Abiy as “brand-new” and “young”. Africanews also called him a “peace maker”. Thus, over all Prime Minister Abiy was represented favorably by the selected media. Regarding the peace deal, Africanews, represented the deal as a source of integration, collaboration and better future for the Horn of Africa. BBC and Aljazeera also had positive inclination about the peace deal, however they also had more doubts that it might change nothing for the lives of Eritreans by reasoning out that it might reinforce President Isaias regime. Based on the findings, the researcher suggested some recommendations such as International media reports stories about other countries so this study suggests that they should give more attention to know what is happening on the ground of the other country. Moreover, historical events such as the Ethio-Eritrea peace deal should be represented correctly by the international media because in the future the international media would serve as a crucial reference for that history.Item The Perception on the Effect of Kana TV Dramas on Family and Family Relationships: The Case of Audiences in Addis Ababa City(Addis Ababa University, 2018-06) Gurmecha, Manayeh; Shiferaw, Yohannes (PhD)This study was aimed at finding out the perception of Addis Ababa city audiences on the effect of Kana TV on their family and family relationship. This study was suited within the theoretical framework of Cultivation Theory, Technological Determinism and Use and Gratification theory. The study adopted mixed method approach, employing both quantitative and qualitative method. For quantitative method, survey was used as a major data gathering tool. The survey questionnaires were administered to 200 people selected through multi stage probability sampling technique. For the qualitative method, interview was conducted with ten professionals working on family matter and two families. The analysis of the data reveals that, prime time Kana TV dramas had significant viewers. Especially, women and children were found to be excessive viewers. Families with Lower economic status were also found to view Kana TV excessively in comparison to those who were from higher economic status. The study further found that, kana TV was perceived to have adverse effect on children and on viewers behavior and in their relationship with their family members and wider community as a whole. A significant relationship was also found between hours of watching Kana TV and parent’s argument with children, and children exposure to contents that are not appropriate to their age. There was perception among respondents that Kana movies exposed family members to immoral behavior, created animosity towards family members, initiated fighting in the family a result of which channel to watch and exposed them to violence due to contents of kana TV. Moreover, the movies created argument between spouses, and family members. Finally, the study found out, presence of disruptive effects of Kana TV on family members work activities either in their house or in their professional premisesItem The Polarization of State Owned and Private Media in Ethiopia: The Case of Ebc and Omn’s Reporting on Current Poltical Crisis in Oromia Region.(Addis Ababa University, 2018-06) Aklilu, Endalkachew; Shiferaw, Yohannes (PhD)The media scenery of Ethiopia has been serving the groups controlling power over a long period of time. However, following the control of power of the incumbent government/EPRDF, and the declaration of free press, an encouraging sign of the growth of private media have been evident. This study aims at examining the polarization of state owned and private media focusing on EBC and OMN’S reporting the political turmoil in Oromia region. The study was guided by two questions: What were the dominant themes used by EBC and OMN in reporting the political turmoil in Oromia region? Are both EBC and OMN polarized in reporting the political turmoil in Ethiopia? The data collection method of the research delivered in both qualitative and quantitative approaches. To analyze the contents of the news, coding sheet was developed by the researcher from the review of literature. This helped the frequency of coverage, tone, themes, sources of information, and frames of news used. The researcher used purposive sampling for news content analysis. The Reports of the two media houses on the current political turmoil from September 2016 to October 2017 were chosen as this period was the time when the turmoil was too acute. The study found that the reports that stability report were dominantly used by EBC while reports focusing on Provocation for mass rally were the dominant themes for OMN. Further, the study found that the two media houses were polarized in reporting the turmoil due to the fact that the EBC supported the incumbent government actions and opposed anything against it while the OMN strongly supported the oppositions and blamed the government for all the ills. The study further found that the two media houses produced the majority of their news stories using with own journalists except that EBC using few news stories from ENA. The two media houses have never used each other’s news story as sources too. At last, EBC tried to either avoid numerical reports or reduce the numbers of causalties in a meaningful way while OMN exaggerate the number of victims in causalities.Item The Practice and Challenges of Investigative Journalism in Oromia Broadcasting Network: “Millu Qoranno” Program in Focus(Addis Ababa University, 2019) Ademe, Tesfaye; Shiferaw, Yohannes (PhD)This research was conducted to examine the practices and challenges of investigative journalism at Oromia Broadcasting Network “Millu Qoranno” program. A total of 120 questionnaires were distributed to journalists of Oromia Broadcasting Network (OBN). Out of this questionnaires one hundred six (106), representing about 88.3% of the respondents were returned properly and adequately completed. In addition, in depth interviews were conducted with 12 informants purposively selected from Oromia Broadcasting network (OBN), investigative program producer and editors, content director, media expert and general director of Oromia Broadcasting Network (OBN). To conduct this study, the researcher employed both qualitative and quantitative research approach. Questionnaire, in depth interview and content analysis of some investigative programs were used to get the required data from the respondents for the research. Scholarly articles related to the practices and challenges of investigative journalism were discussed. Social responsibility theory, Agenda setting theory and Gate-keeping concept were used as theoretical framework. The findings of the study indicated that investigative journalism was not well researched before production. It was not designed and implemented through participatory system and not based on the follow up of stories. In addition, the investigative program producers had no freedom to choose the topic they want to report. The findings of the study also indicated that higher officials forced the investigative program producers to disseminate some stories. Investigative program producers were not fully refunded the expenses of their reporting. Journalists who were working on investigative programs were challenged by government officials. Some investigative programs developed by OBN journalists were not permitted to transfer on air. Moreover, Investigative program of Oromia Broadcasting Network (OBN) mainly focused on issues of land grabbing, infrastructure, corruption and good governance. But the program lacks giving coverage on issues of religious, politics and failure of system. It was recommended that OBN organization should give attention for investigative journalism to overcome the challenges hanged the program to be effective specially on those factors like lack of budget, unnecessary interference from higher officials, blocking the program from airing and insufficient training of the investigative program producers and editors.Item Study on Audience Reception of Afan Oromo Radio Program „Kula Badiya‟: The Case of Some Farmers‟ Cooperative Union In Oromia Region(AAU, 2020-06) Bonsa, Furi; Shiferaw, Yohannes (PhD)This study was undertaken to evaluate the audience reception of „kulabadiya‟Afan oromo, a weekly program aired by Radio Ethiopia, effectiveness by farmers in cooperative union with particular emphasis on agricultural duties. The study was guided by three basic research questions and, the Reception and use and gratification theories as a theoretical framework. The study used descriptive, mixed method by combining quantitative and qualitative methods. The study areas were EBC, Charchaar Odaabultum and Burqa Galeyti, Haromya and Arfanqalloo and Ambo farmers‟ unions in Addis Ababa, West and East Hararghe and West Shoa respectively. The study sites were selected by purposive sampling technique. Quantitative data was collected from 250 purposely selected farmers‟ in cooperatives unions using survey questionnaires ,while qualitative data were gathered from three focus group discussions, six each, with 18 participants from board members and managers of farmers‟ unions and, five journalists, editor and manager of Afan Oromo division in Radio Ethiopia were interviewed to make the study more complete. SPSS version 20 was used for the quantitative data coding and analysis. Results of the findings of the study showed that, Radio was mentioned as the main sources of agriculture input and output information by the respondents. As the data indicated, the majority of the respondents have positive attitude towards the radio program. The time of the radio program broadcast was inconvenient to the majority of the respondents. The working condition in the rural area could not invite audiences to stay regularly at home to listen to the radio program when the program aired in the morning. Reflection on program length and coverage is additional factors affecting audience reception of the program. The majority of respondents agreed on the length of additional time. On the other hand, journalist‟s language use in the radio broadcast was a challenge to the majority of rural respondents to draw clear meaning out of the radio text. Respondents complained about journalists using newly coined Afan Oromo jargons and mixing English words when they speak. Most respondents preferred to listen to farmers‟ voices to journalists. They trust fellow farmers and could learn from their experiences even when they are from distant locations.