Browsing by Author "Dame Abera"

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    Causes, Consequences and Coping Strategies of Divorced Women: the Case of Bole Sub-City, Addis Ababa
    (Addis Ababa University , 2020) Lamesginew Damtie; Dame Abera
    Most marriages are ending up in divorce for various reasons and, thus, divorce has become one of the social problems worldwide. Divorce affects the psychological wellbeing of the divorce-es. This study examined the causes of divorce, consequence of divorce and the coping strategies of the divorced women in Bole sub city At Addis Ababa City. It has the purpose of elaborating the consequence of divorce and implying the strategies, they are following to withstand the difficult consequence after divorce. This study employed both qualitative and quanitative research methods.Thirty-five divorced women and six WCAO officials were taken in census method, because census method is advisable for population less than 50. The informants mentioned the main cause for their divorce such as lack of discussion in marriage, change in husband’s behavior, sexual problem, and economic hardship. The divorced women found vulnerable to worse life situations after their marriage breakdowns. They pointed out consequences of divorce on their economic wellbeing, their health, their psychological wellbeing, as well as on social interactions. Thus, the analysis based on the valid 59 questions responses and seven interview responses. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Descriptive statics used for presentation and interpretation of data. The challenging life situations of the divorced women elaborated in the themes of analysis identified in each of the basic
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    Child rearing among the Arsi Oromo: Values, Beliefs and Practices
    (Addis Ababa University, 2014-06) Dame Abera; Teka Zewdie
    The major purpose of the present study was to assess the indigenous parenting values and beliefs that Arsi Oromo parents tend to foster in their parenting practices. It specifically examines the relationships among parenting values, beliefs and practices. To that effect, a mixed methods research design was employed. A total of 481 participants were selected using stratified random sampling techniques coupled with purposive sampling. More specifically, while the two Arsi zones and informants of FGD were purposively selected, districts and Kebeles were selected through simple random sampling techniques. Moreover, while the participants of the household observations were randomly selected, the respondents of the questionnaire scales were selected through stratified random sampling . In addition, both quantitative and qualitative data were generated from primary sources using both quantitative (questionnaire scales) and qualitative (FGD and household observation) methods. In order to address the basic research questions and test the hypotheses formulated in the study, data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficients, multiple regression, t-test, and ANOVA statistical techniques. Accordingly, the current study generally revealed several important findings about parenting values, beliefs, and practices of Arsi people and about their relationships. First, in the process of child socialization the majority of Arsi households endorsed conforming parenting values more often than self- directing parenting values. Second, the majority of Arsi households endorsed traditional authoritarian beliefs more often than progressive democratic beliefs. Third, sex-role socialization; physical punishment; breast-feeding and provision of cow milk as well as infant- mother co-sleeping are customary practices of Arsi Oromo in child socialization. Fourth, gender-segregated division of labor, harmful traditional beliefs and values, patriarchical family structure, and traditional Oromo proverbs were perceived as major sources for the practices of sex-role socialization, physical punishment, and inadequate verbal interaction among Arsi Oromo. Fifth, parenting values and beliefs were found to be strongly associated with parenting behaviors and that parenting values and beliefs strongly predicted parenting behaviors. Sixth, paternal involvement in household chores and childrearing activity was found to be minimal compared to mothers. Last, compared to urban households, rural households of Arsi reported a significantly large number of offsprings. Moreover, based on the results of the current study, the following conclusions and implications were drawn. First, the parenting of Arsi people is more characterized by conformity value orientations and traditional authoritarian beliefs where these, in turn, encourage the use of impulsive and overly harsh disciplines and leave little room for fostering self-directing values. Second, gendered division of labor, some traditional beliefs and safuu values, patriarchal family structure, and some traditional proverbs were perceived as major sources of sex-segregated role socialization, for using impulsive discipline, and of inadequate verbal conversation among Arsi Oromo, where these call for appropriate and culture sensitive interventions. Third, compared to Arsi mothers, Arsi fathers play little roles in the early socialization of children, domestic tasks, and child care activities, where these continue to put Arsi mothers under pressure with childrearing responsibilities and household chores. Fourth, compared to urban households, rural households have large number of offsprings, where this high fertility will have detrimental influence on the quality of parenting and child development. Last, parenting strategy differed by the residence, educational level and occupational categories of parents
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    Community Engagement and Cultural Factors as Determinants of Child Labor Exploitation: The Case of Digeluna Tijo District of East Arsi Zone
    (Addis Ababa University, 2026-05) Betelhem Tilahun; Dame Abera
    Child labor exploitation remains a significant problem in rural communities where poverty and cultural beliefs shape children’s roles. This study examined how community engagement and cultural factors influence child labor exploitation in Digeluna Tijo District, East Arsi Zone, Ethiopia. A mixed-methods sequential explanatory design was used. Quantitative data were collected from 357 households selected through simple random sampling, while qualitative data were obtained from key informant interviews and focus group discussions using purposive sampling. Data were gathered through questionnaires, interviews and focus group discussion. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regressions in SPSS, while qualitative data were analyzed thematically. The results showed moderate levels of community engagement, cultural influence, and child labor exploitation. Both community engagement (r = .513) and cultural factors (r = .629) had significant positive relationships with child labor exploitation, with cultural factors having a stronger effect. Regression analysis indicated that these variables explained about 61.8% of the variation in child labor, with cultural norms as the strongest predictor. Qualitative findings revealed that traditions, gender roles, and acceptance of child work, combined with poverty, contribute to the persistence of child labor. In conclusion, child labor exploitation in the study area is strongly influenced by cultural norms, and community engagement alone is not sufficient to reduce it. Addressing the problem requires culturally sensitive interventions alongside improvements in economic conditions. Keywords: Child labor exploitation, community engagement, cultural factors
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    Determinants of Postpartum Depression in selected Health Facility in Addis Ababa Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2026-05-01) Addisalem Belachew; Dame Abera
    The purpose of this study was to investigate the determinants of postpartum depression in selected health facility in Addis Ababa in February 2026. A mixed methods design was used; combining quantitative screening of postpartum depressive symptoms cross sectional study with qualitative exploration of women’s lived experiences thematic analysis. Data was collected from 268 postpartum new mothers within Twelve months following delivery, using validated tools and 6 in-depth interviews. The results were analyzed using inferential statistics and descriptive statistics. Qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Transcripts were coded, categories were developed, and themes were generated through an iterative process. Emerging themes were triangulated with quantitative findings to enhance validity. The result shows that 29.7% new mothers have postpartum depression; education, marital status, planned Pregnancy, visits from neighbors and family members, not experiencing domestic violence and not experience stigma from family members were significant predictors of postpartum depression among new mothers. Consistently qualitative result explores Participants described a range of emotional challenges including sadness, stress, sleep disturbance, and, in severe cases, self-harm ideation. These experiences were often linked to first-time motherhood, financial hardship, limited maternity leave, and lack of partner involvement. Postpartum depression should be integrated into maternal and child health services at public health centers, Incorporating digital platforms and social media-based support systems may also offer innovative ways to reach and support postpartum women.
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    Factors Affecting Academic Performance Of Grade 12 Students of Government and Private Preparatory Schools in Akaki Kaliti Sub City Administration (Addis Ababa)
    (Addis Ababa University, 2017-06) Asrat Abebe; Dame Abera
    The research was conducted to asses and compares the academic performance of grade 12 students of government and private preparatory schools in Akaki Kaliti Sub City administration. The study used descriptive research design 44(100%) teachers, 85(77.98%) grade 12 students out of 109(15%) the assumed and sampled and 15(50%) of experts and supervisors were selected using simple random sampling whereas 37(84%) out of 44(100%) assumed PSTA members have been selected using comprehensive sampling method. Respectively 4(100%) and 8(100%) principals and vice principals and 5(100%) FGD participants were also included using purposive sampling technique. Totally 198(86.4%) stakeholder respondents participated in the study. The researcher also used observation, secondary evidences and primary data using questionnaire and interview data gathering instruments have been used. The collected primary data was analyzed quantitatively (using number and percentage and followed by verbal interpretation) and the qualitative data was analyzed in words. According to the findings of the study, numbers of affecting factors of the academic performance of students have been identified among which the major ones were as follow. Fundamentally government schools were not opened and started the actual teaching learning process accordingly with the calendar. Teachers lack putting participatory way of presentation and continuous assessment in to an effect and efficient, they (teachers) also over emphasized utilizing English language regularly for medium of instruction they rather dominantly use Amharic language. Mainly government school students have problem of using English language so they couldn’t understand the contents of lessons and consequently their result become in sufficient relativism as compared to students of private schools, Moreover parents whose children learn in government schools have less or weak follow up and support, Due to external intervention, for frequent meeting principals also face problem of investing much of their work time being in the school. Consequently they could not follow up and conduct clinical supervision and give timely feedback for teachers. Majority of government school students seem they do not know why they come to their schools. This showed they lack vision, mission and value of their own. The study showed the result of the study therefore indicated that there was academic performance gap between grade 12 students of governmental and private preparatory schools. This relatively implies that the teaching learning practice and process in governmental schools had drawback as intended as compare to private schools. Hence, it was recommended as all concerned education stakeholders mainly principals of both types of schools are strongly responsible and expected to work with and share best experience/practices and continuously work hard as partnership. Localy concerned bodies and Ministry of Education, higher education institution, private school owners and other non- government schools also need to work cooperatively from preparatory school standard point of view Private school teachers and principals raise issue of education opportunity to upgrade As observation and the existing reality also show almost all the study participant private school teachers and school leaderships did not have second degree and could not fulfill the required standard. They express as they have no way to get opportunity to advance their qualification.
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    Infidelity: Its Causes, Forms and impacts on Married Partners: A Case of Four Married Partners With Adultery Ground Pending Divorce Cases in Addis Ababa
    (Addis Ababa University, 2009-06) Birhanu Nebiyou; Dame Abera
    This study has made an effort to determine the causes and forms of infidelity and it.s impact~ on ma rried partne rs. To this efTec t data were coll ected from four unfaithful married persons and their partners Llsing interview guide a nd prope rly a nalyzed qua litatiyely. CO l1 sequen tlv, sexual dissatisfaction, emotional dissati s faction, higher n egative communicat ion patterns. premarital scxu;.li l~xpcricncc . IO \\'cr rc li g io s iL\ level and considera ble age differences were found to be the major causes of infidelity. The study also identified sexual a nd a combi.nation of sexual and emotional forms of infidelity . Moreo'Jer, the study showed no definite sex difference regarding the causes and forms of practicing infidelity. Finally, findings showed many psYchologicaL social. health and re ligious problems ,1:" majo," con seq uences of infide lity on both partne rs and termination of the ir rela tionships as a ,"esult. of infidelity. Possible preventive and intervention actions are s uggested
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    The Influence of Informal Groups on Employee’s and Organizations’ Performance: The Case of AMREF Health Africa in Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2018-06) Million Abera; Dame Abera
    Human is a social being and continues as the part of a group in every field of life from the birth. Group is a community consisting of one or more individuals who interact with each other in order to accomplish a certain goal. The groups are created formally and informally within the organization at different times and for different goals. Those groups have the negative and positive influences on the organizations’ and employee’s performance. Through informal groups in the organization can develop their own norms and influence that may difficulties the objectives of the formal organizational working conditions. The objective of this study was to assess the influence of informal groups on employee’s and organizational performance in Amref Health Africa in Ethiopia. Embedded (mixed) survey was the design used for this study. Three departments were selected program department, Finance and HR & administrative departments and used random sampling technique. The population was 165 employees. Out of this, 116 employees were selected as sample size. The data used for this study included both questioner and interview. Questionnaire with both open-ended and close-ended questions was used to collect the primary data. In terms of analyzing the data collected, both quantitative and qualitative methods of analysis were used. Findings from the study confirm that in connection with the status of informal groups and effect of Informal groups on employee’s performance was very high influence on employees and organizational performance. Also Informal Groups’ for organizational task achievement have no significant contribution on performance. In conclusion therefore the existence of informal groups is risky and influential to hinder employee’s and organizations’ performance of Amref Health Africa in Ethiopia. It is therefore recommended that in order to enhance employees and organizations’ performance, heads of managements should implement proper formal communication channel to make sound decision and to have equal job opportunities within the organization, discourage informal group’s participative discussions on employees and organizations’ task related issue, eliminate conflict between management and employees in related to informal groups influence and make it transparency an organizational culture and norm
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    Mental Illness Beliefs, Perceived Stigma, and Delayed help-seeking behavior among Psychiatric patients in selected public Hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2025-11) Tsion Chala; Dame Abera
    Delayed help-seeking behavior among individuals with mental illness remains a critical barrier to timely psychiatric intervention, particularly in low-resource settings like Ethiopia, where cultural beliefs, stigma, and socio-demographic factors play a significant role. This study aimed to examine prevailing mental illness beliefs, assess the extent and duration of delayed help-seeking, determine the role of perceived stigma, and identify socio-demographic and clinical factors contributing to delays. A descriptive cross-sectional design was employed, and a total of 399 participants were selected using stratified systematic sampling to ensure diverse representation. Data were collected through standardized questionnaires measuring mental illness beliefs, perceived stigma, and help-seeking behavior. Binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify predictors of delay. The findings indicated that many patients perceived mental illness as a form of religious punishment. A majority of respondents agreed with statements reflecting supernatural etiology (M = 3.58, SD = 0.49) and punishment for sin (M = 3.48, SD = 0.50), suggesting that culturally embedded spiritual beliefs strongly influence perceptions of mental illness. The mean scores for supernatural (M = 3.62, SD = 0.31), biomedical (M = 3.64, SD = 0.33), and psychosocial beliefs (M = 3.65, SD = 0.30) indicated moderate endorsement across all domains. The logistic regression model was statistically significant, χ²(16) = 334.78, p < .001, with a Nagelkerke R² of .836, indicating strong predictive power. Education level, perceived stigma (Exp(B) = 13,649.66, p < .001), and mental illness beliefs (Exp(B) = 31.27, p = .025) were significant predictors of delayed help-seeking. Additional factors such as gender, marital status, and place of residence also contributed to the delay. Overall, the results demonstrate that deeply rooted cultural and religious beliefs, together with perceived stigma, substantially influence patients’ decisions to delay professional treatment. These findings emphasize the need for culturally sensitive mental health education, community-based stigma reduction initiatives, and equitable access to psychiatric services. It is recommended that community awareness campaigns utilize media and cultural platforms to promote mental health as a treatable condition and foster public acceptance. Keywords: Help-seeking behavior, Mental illness beliefs, Perceived stigma, Psychiatric patients, Socio-demographic factors
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    Oromo Gadaa Values in Cultivating Indigenous Leadership Development and Conflict Resolution: The case of Karrayu Oromo Community of Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2025-06) Metasebiya Bogale; Dame Abera
    Most African countries including Ethiopia remained in crises, social instability and conflict due to negligence and failure to develop, preserve, and scale up indigenous leadership. The study aimed to explore the nurturing of Karrayu Oromo Gadaa values in indigenous leadership development and conflict resolution. The study Guided by sociocultural development and Ubuntu theoretical perspectives, ethnographic research design was employed to explore socially constructed realities from participants‟ perspective in their natural settings. A total of 40 individuals (Five key informant interview (KII), five In-Depth interview (IDI) and 5 Focus group discussions (FGD) participants including counselors, elders, leaders and clan representatives, Abbaa Gadaa, individuals from different age groups found at different Gadaa grades, and women sharing common values and cultures were recruited using maximum variation and snowball sampling techniques and took part in the study. Participant observation, key informant interview guides, in-depth interview guides, and focus group interview guidelines were key data gathering tools used in the study. The study found that all clans of Karrayu community have equal representation in the five parties of the Gadaa system and power transfer recycles among these parties every eight years. There are power checkers and implementers in the Karrayu Gadaa system to regulate, control and evaluate leaders‟ activities. Moral, egalitarian, harmonious, peace, unity, and humaneness values are embedded in leadership development process of the Karrayu Gadaa system and served to resolve social, economic and political problems and play key role in indigenous leadership development and conflict resolution. Prospective leaders of Karrayu Gadaa system are identified and nominated by neighbors, families, elders, clan and councilors beginning from child hood using quality of good leaders‟ criteria such as respect to the community, knowledge of the norm, law, moral, culture and values of the community, reconciliation ability and honest; ability to lead people, ready to pay sacrifice and, trustworthiness and listening to parents and elders‟ advices. Thus, the Karrayu Gadaa values could be a model for indigenous leadership development practices in Ethiopia and Africa. Conserving, strengthening and scaling up such indigenous leadership development practices will solve the current mounting ethnic conflicts and wars that are fueling political, social and economic instabilities throughout Ethiopia.
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    Perceived impact of work-life balance on the psychological well-being of employees of the Cooperative Bank of Oromia Head office
    (Addis Ababa University, 2023-10) Yeabsira Mehret; Dame Abera
    The aim of this study was to evaluate the perceived impact work life balance has on the psychological wellbeing of employees at Cooperative Bank of Oromia head office. It has also assessed whether work life balance and psychological wellbeing vary by the gender, age, years of experience, and work position of employees. Positive emotional experiences at work have long been linked to improved work performance among employees. The productivity of the organization will be influenced by this individual performance. Thus, it is critical for any company to protect the psychological well-being (PWB) of its employees by fostering a healthy work life balance (WLB) that may have an impact on it. This study adopted a quantitative method in which data was collected from a sample of 281 employees. The proportionate stratified sampling method was used to select the study's participants. A descriptive survey approach was implemented to answer the study questions. For analysis and interpretation, descriptive and inferential statistics were employed. The employees exhibited a moderate work-life balance and low levels of psychological well-being, according to the results of the descriptive statistics. Work life balance and psychological wellbeing were strongly positively correlated, (r(281) = .68, p=.000). The results of the independent sample t-test indicated that there is no gender-related variation in the levels of WLB and PWB. On the other hand, WLB and PWB variation was discovered in the age, years of experience, and work position of employees based on the results of the One-way ANOVA test. The findings indicate that there is a positive link between the WLB and PWB of the CBO head office employees. The study funding suggests creating a safe place where workers feel comfortable voicing their concerns about a lack of work-life balance (WLB) as ways to enhance WLB. Additionally, workplace psychological wellbeing strategies should be given top priority for the PWB of CBO head office staff.
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    Psychological Distress and Burnout among Health Professionals During Covid-19 Pandemic In Menelik-Ii Referral Hospital
    (Addis Ababa University , 2021-08) Tito Mengistu; Dame Abera
    Frontline health professionals are under a great deal of stress, including a high risk of suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection, a potential resource shortage, as well as a job overload. The objective was assess the magnitude of psychological distress and burnout among health professionals and statistically significant difference of health professionals who had contact history of COVID -19 suspected and/or confirmed patients during the (COVID-19) outbreak in Menillik II referral hospital. A descriptive survey was conducted using simple random sampling techniques with 272 of health professionals who has been working in Menellik-II referral hospital Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. An independent t-test and/or one-way ANOVA for testing variation at 95% confidence interval and P-value < 0.05were used to compare means of independent variables. A P-value less than 0.05 will consider being statistically significant in all cases. Magnitude of burnout and psychological distress was assessed by validated English language version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory and Kessler 10 scale respectively. Clean data was coded, entered, and analyzed by using computer software SPSS version 20. About 258 (96.7% response rate) respondents completed the questionnaire and used for analysis. The participants were included 24% special or general doctor, 34.1% BSc nurse, 22.5% health officer, 6.2% Midwifery, 4.3% Laboratory technician and 8.9% others types health professionals. A 229(88.7%) of health professionals were had a direct contact history with patients of COVID-19 confirmed or suspected during work time. A health professionals who had contact history of Covid-19 confirmed or suspected clients were developed 130(56.7%) moderate, 90(39.3%) high and 2 (0.8%) very high psychological distress. As well as from health professionals who had contact history of Covid-19 confirmed or suspected clients were recorded 88 moderate to high emotional exhaustion, 190 moderate to high depersonalization and 192 moderate to high personal accomplishments. Male nurses, female Midwifery, male Laboratory technician, and others types of female health professionals were recorded high prevalence of psychological distress and burnout. There is a statistically significant difference in psychological distress, personal accomplishment, and emotional exhaustion, but not in depersonalization scores between health profession types. There is a statistically significant difference in psychological distress and burnout scores between working areas or wards of the health profession. This study shows more than half of health professionals were categorized as having mild to severe psychological distress and burnout in related to the COVID-19 pandemic and other factors. About 0.8% of the health professionals in surveyed hospital considered that they might need psychological or psychiatric treatment in the future. Regular assessment of the prevalence of burnout and psychological distress within hospitals and other health systems of health professionals in might help to identify risk factors or protective factors for burnout, psychological distress and other mental disorders; this would benefit individuals and health systems/organization
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    Psychological well-being of Married Couples; in Addis Ketema Sub City, Addis Ababa
    (Addis Ababa University, 2019-12) Mohammed Yimam; Dame Abera
    The major purpose of the present study was to assess the Psychological well-being of Married Couples; Addis Ketema Sub city Addis Ababa. A mixed methods research design was employed. For this purpose, 171 participants were selected through simple random, stratified, and purposive sampling techniques. Psychological wellbeing scales (Ryff, 1989) with demographic questions were used using both quantitative (questionnaire scales) and qualitative (FGD and Interview) methods. In order to address the basic research questions formulated in the study, data were analyzed using through various statistical techniques which include frequency, percentage, mean, independent sample t-test, one way ANOVA, and post hoc analysis Accordingly. Findings revealed that First; all six psychological dimensions are directly or indirectly a function of one’s financial capability and being cooperative in many of their social affairs. Second, the current study showed that, there was a significant difference concerning couples’ gender and psychological wellbeing. Third, the current study showed that, there was no significant difference between married couple’s age and psychological wellbeing in terms of all six sub levels. Last, psychological wellbeing vary as a function of couples’ educational level, well educated couples tend to endorse good psychological wellbeing often than less educated couples. The study concluded that, psychological wellbeing and all six psychological dimensions are directly or indirectly a function of one’s financial ability. Difference between male and female couples psychological wellbeing was observed. The difference between married couple’s age and psychological wellbeing in terms of all six sub levels was very minimal. Last, psychological wellbeing vary as a function of couples’ educational level. Therefore, Psychologists, social workers, practitioners, health professionals, top government officials, Administrators, researchers and the community at large advised to design and provide comprehensive and effective marriage and psychological wellbeing related planning.
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    Psychosocial Challenges and Coping Mechanism among Women Experiencing Obstetric Fistula. The case of Addis Ababa Hamlin Fistula Hospital
    (Addis Ababa University, 2021-08) Tekilil Yirgalem; Dame Abera
    The main objective of the study was to explore psychosocial challenges and coping mechanism of women experiencing obstetric fistula. Psychosocial challenges and coping mechanism are common in women with obstetric fistula. However, data on psychosocial issues affecting patients with obstetric fistula in Ethiopia are scarce. The study employed a qualitative research approach to answer the questions and achieve the research objectives. The researcher utilized purposive sampling method total 19 participants (15 patients and 4 key informants) were selected to take part in the study. The study area was selected purposively at Addis Ababa Hamline Fistula Hospital. Data was obtained through in-depth interview, key informant interview, and focus group discussion(FGD). Data found from different source was collected and triangulated to assess the trustworthiness of the information and thematic analysis was done. The finding indicates, obstetric fistula had detrimentally affected their health and well being , having psychological challenges like anxiety, fear, depression, worry, stress, stigma, anger, suicide attempt, hopelessness and loneliness. The finding also found different social challenges like social interaction, stigma, discrimination and marital relationship 14 participants are divorced and 1separated. Women coped with obstetric fistula by maintaining strict hygiene, drinking less, ignoring the sickness, self stigma and fistula advocacy to other
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    Psychosocial Challenges and Coping Mechanism among Women Experiencing Obstetric Fistula. The case of Addis Ababa Hamlin Fistula Hospital
    (Addis Ababa University, 2021-08) Tekilil Yirgalem; Dame Abera
    The main objective of the study was to explore psychosocial challenges and coping mechanism of women experiencing obstetric fistula. Psychosocial challenges and coping mechanism are common in women with obstetric fistula. However, data on psychosocial issues affecting patients with obstetric fistula in Ethiopia are scarce. The study employed a qualitative research approach to answer the questions and achieve the research objectives. The researcher utilized purposive sampling method total 19 participants (15 patients and 4 key informants) were selected to take part in the study. The study area was selected purposively at Addis Ababa Hamline Fistula Hospital. Data was obtained through in-depth interview, key informant interview, and focus group discussion(FGD). Data found from different source was collected and triangulated to assess the trustworthiness of the information and thematic analysis was done. The finding indicates, obstetric fistula had detrimentally affected their health and well being , having psychological challenges like anxiety, fear, depression, worry, stress, stigma, anger, suicide attempt, hopelessness and loneliness. The finding also found different social challenges like social interaction, stigma, discrimination and marital relationship 14 participants are divorced and 1separated. Women coped with obstetric fistula by maintaining strict hygiene, drinking less, ignoring the sickness, self stigma and fistula advocacy to other.
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    Risk Perception and Psychological Distress Triggered by COVID-19 Pandemic
    (Addis Ababa University, 2021-02) Rahel Abera Sahle; Dame Abera
    This study tried to describe the effect of COVID-19 in risk perception and psychological distress, with objective of exploring the extent of risk perception and psychological distress triggered by COVID-19 among clients in three selected public health centers in Addis Ababa. To that effect, a quantitative research design was employed. Epi info version seven used to determine sample size of the study which was a total of 384 participants were selected. In order to address the basic research questions of the study, data were analyzed using SPSS, t-test, and ANOVA and Pearson correlation statistical techniques. Accordingly, the study revealed important findings about risk perception and psychological distress. Majority of the clients heard about the corona virus through Facebook and telegram, with rgard to the risk perception of the clients the total average mean that participants on this study had moderate or lower level of risk perception and with regard to the level of psychological distress, the study revealed that the total average mean indicate the level of psychological distress triggered by COVID-19 was moderate. It was observed that statistically there were significant differences among clients on the the extent of psychological distress triggered by the outbreak of Corona Virus. The result of correlation coefficient between the two variables (r = 0.782, p = 0.000<0.05) indicated that there was statistically significant relashinship between risk perception to covid-19 and psychological distress due to covid-19 pandemic. The magnitude of correlation coefficient (r = 0.782) approved that the relashinship between them was high and directly correlated
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    The Role of Social Accountability in Promoting Social Inclusion of Vulnerable Groups in Addis Ababa
    (Addis Ababa University, 2018-06) Getachew Kindu; Dame Abera
    The major purpose of the present study was to assess the role of social accountability program in promoting social inclusion of vulnerable people in public service delivery at Woreda 4 of Arada sub city.It specifically examinedthe ways and the extent to which social accountability enhances social inclusion of vulnerable groups in public service delivery.In order to address the basic research questions of the study, a descriptive research design was employed. To that effect, the study employed mixed methods in collecting the dataand analysis was made by using both inferential (SPSS version 23.0) and thematic techniques.The selection of samples followed multistage sampling procedure. A total of 95 participants were selected using simple random sampling and stratified random sampling techniques coupled with purposive sampling. Generally, the current study revealedthat social accountability program made a contribution for social inclusion of vulnerable groups (PWDs, people living with HIV/AIDS, elders, women, children, and youth) in the process of public service delivery. Specifically, the findings showed that social accountability program enhanced the basic facets of social inclusion which are active and meaningful participation and access to basic services mainly at health (health center) and education (primary school) services. Accordingly, the present study found out that the social accountability program was successful in enhancing the capacity of vulnerable people, enhancing effective interaction between vulnerable groups (or service users) and public service providers, and attitude and behavioral changes of vulnerable groups towards service providers. In general, based on the findings of the study it is concluded that there is a direct link between Social Accountability and Social Inclusion. This implies that social inclusion of vulnerable people is promoted through social accountability in such a way that enhancedparticipation and access to serviceof vulnerable groups are ensured in public service delivery. Hence, social accountabilityshould be integrated and implemented along with each development initiatives and should be institutionalized in all sectors of the public service. Key words: Social Accountability, social inclusion, participation, public servic, vulnerable groups
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    Sexual Behavior of Adolescents in Single-sex and co-education Schools: The Case of Some Selected High Schools in Addis Ababa
    (Addis Ababa University, 2019-06) Rezene Gebresilassie; Dame Abera
    The purpose of the present study was to assess the sexual behavior of adolescents in single - sex and co-education schools particularly those who are attending class in preparatory schools at Addis Ababa. It specifically examines the relationships among sexual behavior, contraceptive use and sex associated risks of adolescents. The study has used a mixed method research design. A total of 320 participants were selected using stratified random sampling techniques coupled with purposive sampling. More specifically, while the one single sex (boys only) school and informants of FGD and KII were purposively selected, the other three schools were selected through simple random sampling techniques.The respondents of the questionnaire scales were also selected through stratified random sampling. Moreover, both quantitative and qualitative data were generated from using both quantitative (BSAS questionnaire scales) and qualitative (FGD and KII) methods. In order to address the basic research questions, data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficients, Independent t-test, and ANOVA statistical techniques. Accordingly, the current study generally revealed several important findings about sexual behavior, contraceptive use and sex associated risks, and about their relationships. First, most adolescents become sexually active at around the age 16 and 17. It was also found that the driving forces for initiating sexual intercourse are: peer pressure, falling in love and the need to explore and experiment. Second, most of the adolescents do not use contraceptives when having sexual intercourse. Third, many adolescents are facing sex associated problems such as STDs, unwanted pregnancy and abortion. Fourth, a negative correlation was obtained between sexual behavior scores and sex associated risk factors scores. Fifth, a strong relationship has been found between contraceptive use and school type; Sex Associated Risks and grade level; Sexual Behavior and the age of adolescents. Finally, based on the results of the current study, the following recommendations were forwarded:provision of SRH training and contraceptives like condoms in the school settings; and more researchers should be conducted to see the impact of school types on adolescents’ sexual behavior so as to provide data to policy makers and all stakeholders in the education sector.
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    Social Media Usage Among High School Students and it’s Perceived Impact on Their Socio-Emotional Interaction With Parents: The Case of Misrak Gohe High School, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2026-06-01) Meaza Mihret; Dame Abera
    This study examined the influence of social media usage on the socio-emotional interaction between high school students and their parents at Misrak Gohe High School in Addis Ababa, an urban public secondary school in Ethiopia where parental digital literacy gaps and growing screen-time displacement of family interaction have been increasingly observed. Despite a growing global evidence base, local empirical research on this topic within specific Ethiopian school communities remains limited. The study aimed to identify the social media platforms most frequently used by students, measure the frequency and intensity of usage, examine the influence of social media use on parent–child socio-emotional connection, and determine whether different platform types exert varying effects on family interaction. Grounded in Ecological Systems Theory, Technology Subsystem Theory, and Family Systems Theory, the study situated digital behavior within the broader relational and cultural context of Ethiopian family life. A mixed-methods design was employed. Quantitative data were collected from 242 students (grades 9–12) through stratified random sampling using a structured questionnaire; qualitative data were gathered from students, parents, and teachers via interviews, focus group discussions, and observations. Pearson correlation examined associations between continuous intensity variables and socio-emotional indicators, while Chi-square tests assessed associations involving the nominal variable of platform type, each technique chosen to match the measurement level of the respective variables.Telegram and YouTube were used by all students (100%), followed by TikTok (96.3%) and Instagram (78.5%); Facebook had low engagement (28.5%). Most students spend 1-4 hours daily online, with 81.4% logging in multiple times per day. Greater usage intensity was significantly associated with lower communication openness and emotional closeness, and higher conflict. Platform type did not significantly influence most socio-emotional indicators, though significant associations emerged for parental monitoring (χ² = 15.65, p = .016) and comfort with parental comments online (χ² = 14.94, p = .021). Qualitative findings corroborated these results: students reported talking less at home, parents felt ignored during family time, and teachers noted late-night use disrupting sleep and classroom readiness. The findings confirm that usage intensity, rather than platform choice, more strongly shapes parent–child socio-emotional dynamics. The study recommends school-level screen-time policies, parental digital literacy programs, and community-based family communication strategies suited to the Ethiopian urban context.
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    Social Media Usage, Sexual Behavior and Risk Perception Among Adolescents’ of Some Private High Schools in Addis Ababa.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2014-05) Mohammed Reshid; Dame Abera
    The major purpose of this study was to assess the relationships among adolescents’ Social media usage, sexual behavior and risk perception. A descriptive survey was employed as a study design. Questionnaire was used to gather data from a random sample of 300 (150 male and 150 female) students of grade 9 th through 12 th in the selected five private high schools of Bole sub- city. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square, t-test, ANOVA and correlations were used to analyze quantitative data. Descriptive statistics revealed that entertainment, communication with people far away and making companionship (34.3%, 20% & 16%) were the major reasons to school adolescents’ social media usage respectively. Weak positive correlation was found between social media usage and sexual behavior [r (298) = .222, P < .05]. However, sexual behavior was moderately correlated with the frequency use of social media sites used [r (298) = .694, P= <0.05]. Descriptive statistics found that the majority (61.3%) of the respondents had high risk perception while 30.7% of the respondents had low risk perception to social media usage. When looking in to the conclusion, adolescents’ sexual behavior in relation to social media usage by default had weak positive correlation. However, their sexual behavior was moderately correlated with the frequency use of social media sites. Hence, among the practical recommendations forwarded, School administrators and teachers should plan and advise school students to use social media sites for educational issues than entertainment, or for companionship. Also, school students should be aware that using social media sites frequently boost to enter sexual behavior
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    Stress among undergraduate medical students at Addis Ababa university Prevalence, cause and coping mechanisms
    (Addis Ababa University, 2025-10) Liyana Behailu; Dame Abera
    The purpose of this study was to assess Stress among undergraduate medical students at Addis Ababa university Prevalence, cause and coping mechanisms. A descriptive cross-sectional study design was employed. Among 875(year 1 to 6) medical students in the College of Health Sciences, School of Medicine Using Cochran formula 323 sample size was determined and stratified random sampling technique was used. Quantitative data was collected through a structured self-administered questionnaire that incorporated the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), Medical Student Stressor Questionnaire (MSSQ-20), and Brief COPE Scale. Data was analyzed using descriptive and binary logistic regression with software SPSS version 26. The findings revealed that 32.8% of respondents experienced high perceived stress. Academic-related stressors were the strongest predictors of stress (AOR = 2.505, p = 0.005). Maladaptive coping strategies, particularly self-blame (AOR = 1.283, p = 0.034), increased stress, whereas adaptive coping strategies such as seeking informational support (AOR = 0.736, p = 0.039) and acceptance (AOR = 0.799, p = 0.044) reduced it. The study concludes that academic pressure and maladaptive coping mechanisms significantly contribute to stress among medical students, underscoring the need for interventions to strengthen adaptive coping and promote mental well-being. Keywords: Stress, Coping Mechanisms, Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study, Medical Students, Addis Ababa University