Browsing by Author "Mulatu Alemayehu"

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    An Assessement of the Implement of Media Regulatory Policy in Ethiopia: the Case of Selected Five Media
    (Addis Ababa University, 2023-08) Mahlet Abdul; Mulatu Alemayehu
    The main purpose of the current study was to assess how media policy and regulation implemented in Ethiopia. The overall objectives were to assess the implementation of the media regulatory policy with an emphasis on the Ethiopian Press Agency (EPA), Ethiopian Broadcasting Corporation (EBC), Fana Broadcasting Corporate, Ethiopian Broadcasting Corporation (EBC), Reporter Newspaper and Capital newspaper.The study focuses on media proclamation1238/2021. Research designs are types of inquiry with qualitative method approaches that provide specific direction for procedures in a research study, whereas research methods involve the forms of data collection, analysis, and interpretation that researchers propose for the studies. A qualitative approach is better suited to allow the researcher to investigate initial participant responses by using open-ended questions asking "why" or "how" so that the respondents can give detailed answers with full freedom and flexibility. To achieve this objective, data collected from the reporters,and assistant editors, editor in chiefs, on selected five media organizations were analyzed by using percentage form to interpret on descriptive way. In order to get the research participants, the researcher apply a non-probability sampling technique, snowball and purposeful sampling. The study used a sample of 120 participants from the total size of the five media outlets in the institutions. The major findings of the study are therefore; editorial policy of those selected five medias is not in line with the national media regulatory policy and other media policies, regulation, and proclamations. This is because journalists to access the policy, less publicity of the media regulatory policy and training in the media institution. Key words: - Media, Media policy, media regulatory policy, editorial policy, training, creating awareness.
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    Assesing the Role of Media In Promoting Peace: The Case of Ethiopian Radio Amharic Service ‘’Seate Zena’’ News Reporting
    (Addis Ababa University, 2021-02) Ahmed Ebrahim Ahmed ; Mulatu Alemayehu
    This research project has explored and critically assessed the effect of media on the promotion of peace. The purpose of the study was to assess how ETHIOPIAN RADIO ‘’Seate Zena’ ’news reporting is promoting peace. The study employed both quantitative and qualitative methods approach to analysed the news content data collected from April 2018 to March 2019 and to analyse the in-depth interview data collected from the selected Ethiopian Radio 11 respondents. The quantitative data were analysed by using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). For this purpose, from one-year total 1233 news items, 510 news of 4 months are selected from the archive by probability sampling, non-probability sampling as well as purposive and systematic sampling methods were used in the study to get enough information. The study will use as an input and turning point for further research to journalists, policy makers, students, researchers and for other stake holders to the issue. The findings of the study showed that, the station is almost does not pay much attention to cover issues of peace promoting news in the given period of time. In addition to this, the findings of the study also indicates that the journalists working in Ethiopian Radio have been facing internal and external challenges that hinder them to report issues of promoting peace. Therefore, in order to solve the problem beside editorial review done and new additional peace specialized team is organised, journalist of Ethiopian Radio should be supported by the organization. Government political influence on the media should be limited is also part of the recommendation. In addition to this, capacity building for both journalists and media managers is important. Further research on the practice and challenges of media coverage on peace promotion report is recommended timely as much as possible
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    Assessing Media Practice in Building Democracy in Ethiopia: The Case of EBC
    (Addis Ababa University, 2022-06) Daniel Jemal ; Mulatu Alemayehu
    The absence of democracy, joblessness, lack of good bad governance, abuse of human rights and repressive nature the EPRDF government are the major factors that advanced the mass political discontent and protest against the government. The law and order are at risk in various parts of the country so the subsequent impact led the country to adjust its leadership and policy reforms. These turbulent political conditions are the reasons for the coming of new Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed. In fact, the transfer of power was peaceful and the new leadership launched unprecedented reforms to accelerate the country's path towards democratization. At this time, the focus of the media is mainly placed on access to information, freedom of speech and media’s impact on the realization of democracy. However, vehement conflicts are happened here and there in different parts of the country in return the reform has confronted several internal and external challenges. To assess the study, EBC is selected thus the study focused on news and programs since this media house is dominant sources of hard news and information in the absence of a strong independent media outlet in the country at this time. Hence, the central objective of the study is to analyze the media practice in playing its roles in building democracy in Ethiopia, particularly, after Abiy Ahmed came to power. Towards that end, it employed qualitative research methodology by taking sources from Ethiopian Broadcasting Corporation (EBC). Data collected from primary and secondary sources. Key informants were used as the basic source of primary data for this research. The study used purposive sampling as a tool to select the key informants on the basis of certain predefined purpose. Semi-structured interviews with key informants have been conducted. The major findings from the study indicate that EBC has not been playing significant roles in contributing to the development of democracy in the country. The study also found that limited access to information, fake news, self-censorship and weak institutional management are of the major challenges that the journalists have been facing while trying to report stories and produce programs that can promote democracy in the country.
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    Assessing media practice in building democracy in Ethiopia: The case of EBC
    (Addis Ababa University, 2022-06) Daniel Jemal; Mulatu Alemayehu
    The absence of democracy, joblessness, lack of good bad governance, abuse of human rights and repressive nature the EPRDF government are the major factors that advanced the mass political discontent and protest against the government. The law and order are at risk in various parts of the country so the subsequent impact led the country to adjust its leadership and policy reforms. These turbulent political conditions are the reasons for the coming of new Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed. In fact, the transfer of power was peaceful and the new leadership launched unprecedented reforms to accelerate the country's path towards democratization. At this time, the focus of the media is mainly placed on access to information, freedom of speech and media’s impact on the realization of democracy. However, vehement conflicts are happened here and there in different parts of the country in return the reform has confronted several internal and external challenges. To assess the study, EBC is selected thus the study focused on news and programs since this media house is dominant sources of hard news and information in the absence of a strong independent media outlet in the country at this time. Hence, the central objective of the study is to analyze the media practice in playing its roles in building democracy in Ethiopia, particularly, after Abiy Ahmed came to power. Towards that end, it employed qualitative research methodology by taking sources from Ethiopian Broadcasting Corporation (EBC). Data collected from primary and secondary sources. Key informants were used as the basic source of primary data for this research. The study used purposive sampling as a tool to select the key informants on the basis of certain predefined purpose. Semi-structured interviews with key informants have been conducted. The major findings from the study indicate that EBC has not been playing significant roles in contributing to the development of democracy in the country. The study also found that limited access to information, fake news, self-censorship and weak institutional management are of the major challenges that the journalists have been facing while trying to report stories and produce programs that can promote democracy in the country.
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    Assessing Practice of Journalism Principles on Crime Reporting in Case of Addis Police TV Program
    (Addis Ababa University, 2019-05) Dawit Eshetu; Mulatu Alemayehu
    Crime related TV programs are highly influential. In our country there are programs which focused on crime and law enforcement issues. While focusing on the sensational and most violent crimes, it may seem the programs ignore the more common types of crime that are more likely to affect the viewers. This study focuses on examining to what extent media law and journalistic principles are practiced in Addis TV police program. The data collection method of the research delivered in qualitative approach. To analyze the contents of the program, coding sheet was developed by the researcher from the review of literature. This helped the tone, themes, sources of information, and frames of programs used. The researcher used purposive sampling for qualitative content analysis. This study concentrates on analyzing Addis Police TV programs which were broadcasted in 2010 E.C. To be specific, out of a total of 96 the first programs of each months, totally 12 productions were randomly selected. This time is selected because it was the time that the public rally and demonstration reached its peak. The study found that the program is partial. The study found that the program played an extremely important role as a propaganda machine of the government. Contrary with the reality Addis police TV program frequently told to its audience the law enforcement in the nation is at normal circumstance rather exposing acts of bad governance by the rulers. The study unveil that the program played PR role. Crime issues are presented subjectively; it is not objectively designed in journalistic manner. The program played a role not only inform the public, but also change the public’s attitudes and behaviors to build the image of police commission like what the PR did.
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    Assessing the Impact of COVID – 19 Pandemic on Broadcast Media BusinesstThe Case of Ahadu Radio and Fana Broadcasting Corporate
    (Addis Ababa University, 2021-06) Selam Teshome ; Mulatu Alemayehu
    The aim of this study was to assess the impact of COVID – 19 pandemic on the business of Ahadu Radio and Fana Broadcasting Corporate. To get the appropriate data for the study, the researcher employed qualitative research approaches. Research tools such as focus group discussion and in-depth interview were used to collect relevant data from marketing department employees, Journalists and operation heads of both organizations. For the in - depth interview twelve interviewees were selected using purposing sampling. Ten journalists (five from each media) and two operation heads (one from each media) were interviewed. In addition to that focus group discussion was conducted involving twelve participants. Focus group discussions were made in Fana Broadcasting Corporate and Ahadu Radio compounds each having six members. The data gathered from in – depth interview and focus group discussion were analyzed thematically. It has been tried to address the main impacts of COVID – 19 pandemic on the media business of both organizations. The findings show that the outbreak of COVID – 19 pandemic impacted the main sources of income of both media organizations. Accordingly, advertisement incomes, psychological state of fear of employees, the restriction measures following the outbreak of the pandemic negatively affected the business performance of Ahadu Radio and Fana Broadcasting Corporate. Thus, based on the results of the findings it is recommended that the government should arrange mechanisms that support the business performance of media organizations in times of calamities like the outbreak of COVID – 19 pandemic before imposing restrictions and taking similar measures. Moreover, media organizations should not depend on promotion/advertisement income as their mere source of revenue.
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    Assessing the Practice of Public Relations on Organizational Reputation: The Case of Addis Ababa University Public Relations Office
    (Addis Ababa University, 2020-06) Shambel Binalfew Alem ; Mulatu Alemayehu
    The objective of this study was to assess the practice of Addis Ababa University's public relations office in maintaining a good organizational reputation. The study predominantly focuses on answering how public relations practitioners do practice public relations to build an organizational reputation, what the communications tools the public relations practitioners used to build a reputation, what the challenges that public relations practitioners have faced to build a sustainable organizational reputation. To get the answer to these questions, the study employed a qualitative method. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and also document review tools. An in-depth interview was employed to collect information from the practitioners of the AAU public relations office. Document review was also used to get insight into how the PR materials were designed to send a positive message to build the organization's reputation. The overall finding of the research revealed that the practice of public relations is not based on professional standards of public relations and effective communication strategies. The public relations practitioners are somewhat used to the poor communications tools that may able to lead to various undesirable effects, such as information gap, public displeasure, and inefficient use of valuable resources. This is because the public relations practitioners have been using poor communications tools and using ineffective communications strategies, then after, the organizational reputation of AAU may an able to convert from favorable to unfavorable. The study also found that most of the PR practitioners practiced with lack of well-trained professionals, have negligence attitude towards the profession, absence of adequate capacity building pieces of training, restricted bureaucratic system that prohibits the flexibility of public relations practitioners, shortage of budget, which have a directly undesirable effect on their jobs to build the reputation of Addis Ababa University.
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    Assessing the Practice of Tv News Anchoring on Tv Stations: A Case of Etv, Ebs & Fana Tv
    (Addis Ababa University, 2019-10) Messele Gebrehiwot ; Mulatu Alemayehu
    True that television anchors are the faces of television news channels; hence, they play crucial roles in shaping the image of their channel. This study proposed to assess the practice of TV news anchoring at TV stations in Ethiopia i.e. ETV, EBS and FANA TV. To find out the available data, qualitative research method has deployed. The study analyzes transcribed texts, an in- depth interview of three news department heads, nine news anchors, three editors, three studio directors, three feedback department heads of ETV, EBS and FANA TV. In total, 21 respondents have interviewed. Moreover, it used as primary sources vacancy advertisement of ETV, and Editorial policies of ETV, EBS and FANA. Draft guidelines of news anchors’ manuals have used. In addition, five days evening news hours on air performance anchors of each station have attended. The overall result findings show that ETV, EBS and FANA TV do not have a trend of skilled TV news anchors with accepted and standardized role, duty and job responsibilities. They lack clear working systems on the input of anchors in newsroom. And most of the TV anchors lack the knowledge of reading techniques and mechanics. (i.e. pitch, tone, emphasis and pause etc.). This study concludes that the stations give no attention for anchoring. Apart from this, there is no news anchors recruitment manual and guidelines. So, clearly enhancing TV news anchoring contribution to the overall outcome of the news department through introducing a clear job description and responsibilities of TV news anchors is very important.
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    Assessment of Media Development in Tigray
    (Addis Ababa University, 2019-06) Danial Zemchal ; Mulatu Alemayehu
    The research, “Assessment of Media Development in Tigray”, focused on measuring media development based on the UNESCO‟s MDI. The pillars of the assessment are regulation and practice of freedom of expression, transparency of media ownership, media as a platform of democratic discourse, professional capacity building as well as capacity of media infrastructure. It also examined the relationship among the media development measures through binary logistic regression statistical measure, SPSS. A combination of quantitative questionnaire survey and qualitative; in-depth personal interview and FGD are employed. From the total 552 total population of media and media support professionals in Tigray 232 participated in the questionnaire survey and 26 in the in-depth interview. Likewise, Tigray, Kunama and Irob ethnic communities participated in three FGDs. Stratified sampling was employed for quantitative questionnaire survey while purposive sampling used for in-depth interview and FGDs. Based on the findings, freedom of expression is guaranteed in Ethiopian constitution and media related proclamations. But there is no official media policy at national and regional level. Moreover, the access to information proclamation is less critical to come-up with accountability measures for denial and delay of access to information. Above and beyond, 60% of respondents stated that the heavy tax levied on media and media technologies challenged the development of media. Further, government monopoly of the printing press, high cost of paper, less protection for confidential sources are also drawbacks of the media. Besides, 68% responded economic dependence of the media on government funding sources halted the diversity of media and media content. The private media are too weak in their institutional arrangements and are challenged by lack of information as well as economic and political pressures. Likewise, the media in Tigray are less accessible to rural societies and ethnic co-cultures. Limitations in professional capacity of media practioners, although 64% of journalists and 77% of media managers in Tigray graduated in fields other than journalism; unavailability of evening and extension journalism classes, less contextualized journalism regular class courses, less consultancy engagements of journalism scholars in the media and limitations in media technology equipments are also the challenges of media development in Tigray. Finally, based on the finding regarding the relationship among the indicators, the degree of presence of censorship has negative relationship with content diversity. The presence of censorship and self-censorship resulted in decrease in diversity of media content in Tigray. Placement of advertisement by the state is in favor of the state media that resulted significant double increase (OR=2.195) in the media economic dependence in government revenue sources. And lastly, the influence of political interest of the governing party has negative (OR=0.786) relationship with the variety of political spectrum reflected by media. Thus, among other factors, political interest of the governing party in Tigray influenced diversity of content that resulted in less media attention on different views in the political spectrum.
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    Comparative Analysis of Press Freedom Practice Before and After the “Reform” : Case Study on Addis Zemen Newspaper
    (Addis Ababa University, 2019-06) Dawit Ewunetie ; Mulatu Alemayehu
    The main purpose of the current study is to assess how press freedom has been exercised before and after Abiy Ahmed was appointment as Prime Minister of Ethiopia. It also aims at examining particularly how state owned media practice it freedom of reporting and writing without government intervention. One state owned media (Addis Zemen) newspaper was selected as a case study. Based on purposive sampling technique, one of the reasons is it‟s the only daily newspaper owned by the state. Qualitative content (textual analyses) was employed to collect and analyze the news stories. In depth individual interviews were applied to collect data from two editors, one editor in chief and three reporters from the newspaper as well as veteran journalist and scholar from the field. Two year sampling period was taken (one year before and one year after coming of Abiy) for news analysis. This period was selected because much repressive or restriction were happening on press before the coming of Abiy and after “reform” as the political and economy structure changed, the government promises to give more emphasis on building democracy system that enables to give press freedom. From this period a total of 14 stories which published at political column of the newspaper were purposely selected and analyzed. Diversity perspectives, tone, balancing source, critique and government propagandas are the major theme of the discussion. The finding of this study discovered that the selected state owned print media Addis Zemen newspaper news reporting after “reform” was the same as after reform. Both before and after the reform the newspaper faced lack of information accessibility, lack of diversity viewpoints, lack of critique, serves for government propaganda, lack of investigative issues, censorship and intervention of government. The result of study also indicated thatthe press freedomin state owned media before and after the reformdidn't show visible change.The government should have commitment to freedom of expression and the press thereby giving attention to the implementation of the press law.
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    Exploratory Study on the Coverage of Rural Development News on Ethiopian Radio: Case Study of 8 PM (Evening) News
    (Addis Ababa University, 2007-08) Mulatu Alemayehu ; Vaidyanathan Natarajan
    The study was conducted to explore the extent of the coverage of development issues on Ethiopian Radio’s evening 8:00 Pm news. Moreover, the research tried to examine the priority Radio Ethiopia gives to development issues the chief goal of the country. Since it has a large audience, a wide coverage, and is aired daily, Ethiopian Radio evening 8:00 Pm news was purposely selected. To assess the main objectives of the projects, the researcher employed content analysis to gather quantitative data. To develop and support this data and to arrive at a comprehensive conclusion, interviews were conducted with journalists and other relevant bodies. The data obtained through interviews were discussed and analyzed qualitatively. The researcher selected a sample of a month, from April 9 to May 8, 2007. The news items’ content was categorized into different groups in a bid to answer the research questions. One of the research questions was to what extent radio covers rural development activities. For the conceptual frame work, different development theories and the Ethiopian development plan were briefly reviewed. Since the government development plan heavily depends on the concept of Agricultural Development Led Industrialization (ADLI), which gives emphasis to rural development, it will be taken as a subject of the study. It is the assumption of the research project that media are a promoter and supporter of the development activities of the country and that journalists have to set agenda purposely for the salient issues. Hence agenda setting theory was used as a central theory The findings of the research revealed that Ethiopian Radio as an agenda setter was rather weak. Rural development news items got relatively little coverage and frequency distribution during the selected period of a month. The research paper argued that rural development as a national agenda could get better coverage and frequency.
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    Explore News Reporting of North Ethiopia War: the case of Reuters
    (Addis Abbab University, 2022-05) Haileyesus Mekonnen; Mulatu Alemayehu
    This study examined how news report framed in north Ethiopian war in the case of Reuters. The main objective of the present study was, to analyze the war reporting of Reuters in war period of Ethiopia. The study employed both quantitative content analysis and qualitative textual analysis methods to undertake secondary data collected from Reuter’s news. A purposive sampling technique was employed to collect news covering after federal government of Ethiopia ceasefire from June 2021 to Dec 2021. Hence, 65 news stories were selected for analysis. Content analysis utilized to collect and analyze data. Among the major findings of the study are: based on news framing analysis Reuters used military conflict war ,violence of war and anti-war frame the most dominant frames Reuters reporting period . This implies the clear interest of western media goals in conflict reporting. They want to heat up war in north part of the country. Because dominantly used destruction of the war news farming methods. The study also indicated that the main Reuters news sources were international organizations and diplomats, which accounted for about 29.23 %of the news stories. The study concluded that Reuters war reporting in after federal government ceasefire news theme and frames reflected mainly the interest of international organization and diplomats. This is an international organization try to interfere Ethiopian peace and security agenda. Therefore, the study concluded that international media outlets impact internal conflicts and over-unity. The age of media war has a clear influence on this country. So the weak performance of the internal media had played its part in the dominance of unverifiable information regarding the country. The researcher also recommends to all media to the governed journalistic profession and its ethics.
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    Framing Analysis of Conflict in the Tigray Region: The case of Ethiopian Broadcasting Corporation (EBC) and Ethiopian Satellite Television and Radio (ESAT)
    (Addis Ababa University, 2021-06) Gira Kinfu ; Mulatu Alemayehu
    In Ethiopia, an internal armed conflict has recently erupted between the federal government and the Tigray regional state ruling party (TPLF). So, this research was selected to investigate the media coverage and the framing of this conflict. The main purpose of this study was to examine how the Ethiopian Broadcasting Corporation (EBC) and Ethiopian Satellite Television and Radio (ESAT) television news channels covered and framed the conflict and also to identify their contribution to peace resolution during their coverage of the conflict. In order to accomplish the research, four basic questions were prepared. To answer these fundamental questions, the study used a descriptive case study research design, a qualitative and quantitative research approach, as well as content analysis. It also used a purposeful sampling method to answer the research questions. To inform the study, agenda setting and framing theories were used. According to the quantitative content analysis findings, the conflict has received wide coverage in both media outlets. In their news reporting of the conflict, the media do not contribute that much to peace resolution. They do not depict peace-oriented journalism. The framing analysis results also show that in their coverage of the incident, both media outlets depicted the incident or the conflict as a law enforcement operation aimed at restoring law and order. In the identified war journalism frame, they portrayed the conflicting groups as winners and losers. But their perspective on portraying the incident was quite different. EBC depicted the incident as a war between the country's destroyer and its protector. ESAT, in contrast, described it as a conflict between two groups whose goals are incompatible. The law enforcement term and defeated vs victory elements are more salient in the news reports. This research recommends both the media to consider their reporting of the conflict according to journalism norms and also their contribution to peace initiatives and reconciliation during conflict reporting.
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    A Framing Analysis of People with Disability in Ethiopian Newspapers
    (Addis Ababa University, 2018-06) Gezahegne Dangul ; Mulatu Alemayehu
    The main objective of the present study was to analyze how Addis Zemen and Reporter newspapers framed and covered issues of people with disabilities. The study aimed at identifying and analyzing the dominant frames and themes used while reporting on issues of disability in the government and private owned newspapers. The content analyzed newspapers cover a period of one year from September 11, 2017 to September 10, 2018. In one-year period of the study, it was found only 44 stories in two selected newspapers. Out of these, 33 articles are published in Addis Zemen and 11 articles are printout in the Reporter newspapers. An interview was also conducted with two editors and one reporter of the newspapers. The major findings of the content analysis indicated that Addis Zemen and Reporter newspapers‘ coverage of issues of disability was characterized by a dominant use of the neglect and the educative themes and the attribution responsibility frame. Eight articles have the educative theme in the Addis Zemen newspaper where five articles have the neglect theme in the Reporter newspaper. Nine articles have the attribution responsibility frame in the Addis Zemen while the Reporter has 5 articles. Addis Zemen has 18 featured articles, while 8 articles constitute news. The Reporter has 5 articles constituting news, while 4 are features .Addis Zemen has 3 front page, and 5 back page articles; the remaining 25 are inside page articles; 26 of these articles are large sized and 7 are medium sized. The Reporter published 9 large sized and 2 medium sized articles. The Addis Zemen has 12 articles on multiple disability, 8 on visual impairment, 6 on physical disability, 3 on hearing difficulty, and 2 articles on mental illness and leprosy. The Reporter newspaper has 6 articles on multiple disability, 2 on physical disability, and 1 article on visual impairment, speaking difficulty and depression.21 articles have used government organizations‘ officials as their sources in the Addis Zemen and Reporter publications. In 16 articles find people with disability as sources of information, while in 11 articles NGOs and in another 11 articles experts are used as sources of information. The findings implied that issues of disability were not considered prominent in both of the newspapers. The findings also implied that the newspapers do not give attention to the achievement of people with disabilities.
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    Framing Analysis on Conflict between Federal Government and Tigray People Liberation Front (From November 4/2020-January 11/2021): The Case of ENA and Reuters
    (Addis Ababa University, 2021-11) Betelhem Bahiru ; Mulatu Alemayehu
    The purpose of this study is to examine how ENA (local news agency) and Reuters (international ones) frame the conflict between the federal government and TPLF were reported in the sampled period of November 2020 to January 2021. The aforementioned period is purposely chosen because that, the period from November 4, 2020, to January 11, 2021, was the time where the conflict started till the catchment of the higher officials of the TPLF. The sampled media were selected purposely since they repeatedly reported that specific conflict issue. The sample news agencies are from national and international and the English version of the news agencies was selected to avoid vagueness while translating the Amharic version (in case of ENA). In addition, the two media framed and cover the situation in different ways. To meet the main objectives of the study, three research questions were prepared. These are; to what extent did the two media (news, news analysis, and feature) focus on reporting the conflict of the two groups in a selected time, how did the two media frame stories of conflict report on the sampled period, who was used as a source to cover the conflict issues in the stated time frame. The study used quantitative content analysis and textual analysis to answer the research questions. The result of the study revealed that the conflict reporting in the selected media, specifically, ENA and Reuters were inclined to use one source and exclude the voiceless. The study recommends that the two sampled media should provide information to the public by respecting the ethical values of the profession.
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    Framing of the 2016 Amhara Uprising by Local and International Media: EBC and VOA Radio in Focus
    (Addis Ababa University, 2018-06) Getenet Shenkute ; Mulatu Alemayehu
    This study examines how the local and international media framed the Amhara Uprising that was a popular anti-government movement from 8 July to 30 September 2016. The study on Amhara Uprising examines that how this social movement/protest was presented in the pro-government news media i.e. Ethiopian Broadcasting Corporation (EBC) national service and Voice of America (VOA) Amharic by employing frame and the protest paradigm model under the umbrella of critical theory as a dominant theoretical frameworks. This frame textual analysis comprised all news, news stories, news analysis and radio programs in the selected periods of the Amhara Uprising on the two news media outlets. The study peruses a purely a qualitative method approach has been employed both to examine the dominant themes/frames narrative structure and editorial pressures and political influences on journalists working in the selected media outlets to use a balanced frame or perspective during the Amhara Uprising. A semi-structured and open-ended in-depth interview was conducted with five respondents or journalists from the two radio stations to understand whether they practiced the very fundamental journalistic professionalism or they had faced some external pressure from political actors and editors when they produced and covered news stories during this social movement. The study selected two media outlets employed different narratives to frame Amhara Uprising. In this regard, the pro-government EBC radio predominantly used the “anti-peace and development forces” frame while VOA Amahric employed an overarching “Ethnic Tension” frame dominantly as a casual analysis for Amhara Uprising. EBC radio with its anti-peace and development forces frame, demonized, marginalized, delegitimized and downplayed the protesters as threat of the social status quo by using the set of routine that always the main stream media employ the conventional protest reporting known as protest paradigm model. However, VOA radio portrayed the protest as the result of political, economical and social marginalization on Ethnic Amhara people were accommodated in the last 27 years. VOA emphasized on the ethnic tension frame and victimization frame that was characterized by high focus of injuries, causalities and civilians or security forces death. The study of editorial and political pressure on journalists has shown that the respondents were highly influenced by poetical actors and editorial policies to follow a journalistic merit.
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    Global Media Coverage of the War between Federal Government and Tigray Armed Forces: The Case of BBC and Reuters
    (Addis Ababa University, 2021-09) Temesgen Endale ; Mulatu Alemayehu
    The news of the conflict between the Tigray People‟s Liberation Front (TPLF) and Ethiopia‟s federal government has got massive attention from the local and global media outlets. Several hundreds or even thousands of people are believed to have been killed in this conflict. We have observed significant amount of differences in the ways followed by various media outlets in reporting the conflict. This study was explored how some of the globally renowned media outlets have covered the conflict by taking Reuters and BBC as a case study. The study was conducted by taking media framing and priming as theoretical frameworks. In doing so, relevant data for the study was gathered by examining one month news stories produced by the two global media outlets from November 4 2020 (actual commencement of the conflict) up to December 3 2020 i.e. the week Ethiopia‟s government disclosed the end of law enforcement operation in Tigray. This study had employed an exploratory sequential mixed method as a research design. Sixty purposively selected news stories from both media were analyzed and interpreted to examine types of news frames and news sources used while reporting such issues. The findings of this study showed the media employed various types of news frames to treat their interest. While BBC focused on broadcasting the government actions based on military action frames. In other hand Reuters framing stressed on TPLF war advancement and attribution of responsibility frames. This study determines that both media organizations employed several framing technics that would harm the coexistence of people and puts endorsements on how to improve the gaps. In conclusion, both media narratives are focused on TPLF military activities and western world interest.
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    Investigating Population Growth Issues Coverage in the Ethiopian Media: In the case of Addis Zemen and Addis Admas newspapers
    (Addis Ababa University, 2019-06) Addis Alemahu ; Mulatu Alemayehu
    The aim of this study was to investigate the news coverage of rapid population growth issues/stories in Addis Zemen and Addis Admas Newspapers. In light of the study objectives, the researcher bases on four research questions. Agenda setting and framing were employed as theoretical frameworks of the study. To make a description on the quantity and quality of Rapid Population growth news coverage of the two selected media outlets, a total of 730 from Addis Zemen and 102 from Addis Admas publishes were collected, spanning from 2009 E.C to 2010 E.C. 5,639 news/stories were dealing with various issues in both newspapers. From the total number of 5,639 news stories, 4536 were collected from the daily news of Addis Zemen newspaper and the remaining 1,103 news stories from the weekly news of Addis Admas newspaper. The news editions were selected by using census method to avoid zero chance. Content analysis was made on news editions to gather data with reference to the amount and quality of population growth issues coverage. In addition, in-depth interviews were made with senior editors, reporters and experts from family planning centers and central statics agency to gather qualitative data used to back the results found via the quantitative content analysis method. The study discovered that rapid population growth stories were not given priority in their news agenda of both media outlets. The prevalence of population growth stories in comparison with others stories were found to be insignificant or minor. Both newspapers were found to give more coverage to domestic population growth stories than to those foreign ones. Government officials and Experts/scholars were the dominant source of the news stories of the Addis Zemen and Addis Admas newspaper respectively. The natures of stories were informative. The impact news frame was found to be dominant being applied in most of the population growth stories of the media studied. The economic frame was the second dominant news frame used. But, a difference was observed between the two media in making use of the economic frame. Relevant recommendations have been made for the findings.
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    Media Convergence and Journalism Practice:
    (Addis Ababa University, 2022-02) Biniyam Getaneh Seifu; Mulatu Alemayehu
    The overall objective of this study to critically analysis media Convergence and Journalism Practice; The Case of EBC Newsroom. This research attempted to study to what extent does EBC newsroom implement convergence in journalism practice? How EBC newsroom journalist is skillful to repackage contents for multiplatform. And what are the major challenges still going through in EBC newsroom journalists’ convergence practice. It was informed by uses and gratification, social networking and technological determinism theory of theoretical frameworks. Its focus was to what extent EBC newsroom practice convergence, how journalists repackage contents for multi-media platform along with challenges in newsroom. A questionnaire (48) and in-depth semi-structure interview (5) were conducted with in EBC newsroom practitioner to explain the extent and explore the challenges convergence practice in newsroom. Mixed methodology with descriptive research design was employed. The finding revealed that EBC newsroom media practitioners has no common understanding towards what type of convergence platform the media practice. For instance, out of the 44 respondents for the repackaging news for multimedia platform (36.4%) disagree, 9(20.5%) neutral, 9(20.5%) agree, strongly agree 5(11.4%), strongly disagree 5 (11.4%). Towards the viewpoints of I am capable of technical and professional multiskilling question Agree 18(40.9%), Disagree 13(29.5%), Strongly Disagree 10(22.7%), strongly Agree 2(4.5%), Neutral 1 (2.3%). Respondents also deliver varied response whether the newsroom has as environment that integrate radio and TV as well as website journalists in one newsroom. Skill set problem, no budget allocation for continuous professional skill training. Unchangeable mind set issues, lack of working together, lack of self-initiation, new technology adaptation problem, no continuous professional upgrading, and lack of training was raised by interviewee and questionnaire respondent as a critical challenge in EBC newsroom convergence practice.