Browsing by Author "Moges Ayele"

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    An Assessment of Knowledge , Attitude and Practices of Teachers on the Development of Fine Motor Skills in Preschool Children in Addis Ababa, Gulele Sub- City: The Case of Phase Academy Primary School
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-10) Sehani Bekele; Moges Ayele
    Fine motor skills allow to carry out the execution of crucial tasks in people's daily lives, increasing their independence and self-esteem. In the school context, teachers play a crucial role in fostering fine motor development in early childhood through various strategies and activities. This study, therefore, aims to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of preschool teachers at Phase Academy Primary School in Addis Ababa, Gulele Sub-City, regarding the development of fine motor skills in preschool children. A descriptive qualitative approach was used to deeply understand this situation. Data were collected through interviews, observation and document reviews. Through qualitative interviews and thematic analysis, the study explores teachers' understanding of fine motor skills, their observations of children's fine motor development, the methods and interventions they employ, and the challenges they encounter. The results show that while teachers possess a basic understanding of fine motor skills, there are significant gaps in their knowledge, particularly concerning developmental milestones and distinguishing fine motor skills from other developmental areas. Teachers observed various difficulties in students' fine motor skills, such as challenges with tasks like tying shoes, buttoning clothes, using scissors, and handwriting. The methods used to develop these skills included cutting with scissors, coloring, and ball throwing, but were often hindered by a lack of formal training and resources. Additionally, the study highlights the absence of a dedicated national strategy and specific school-level protocols for fine motor development. Despite these challenges, teachers recognize the critical role of fine motor skills in children's overall learning and development. The study concludes with recommendations for enhanced teacher training, resource provision, and greater parental involvement, as well as suggestions for future research to further explore effective strategies for fine motor skills development in early childhood education. Keywords: Fine Motor Skills, Pre-school children, Pre-school education, pre-school Teachers, Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, Assessment, Phase Academy Primary School, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Qualitative study, thematic analysis
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    Assessment of Cervical Cancer Patients of Psycho-Social Support: A case study of Black Lion Specialized Teaching Hospital
    (Addis Ababa University, 2019-06) Yenewid Gebeyehu; Moges Ayele
    This research is about the Assessment of Cervical Cancer Patients Psycho-Social Support in the cases of Black Lion Specialized Teaching Hospital. Specifically, this research is done in order to identify the psychological challenges of cervical cancer patients, to assess psy, and to identify how patients treat themselves for cervical cancer. In order to achieve the above objectives this study used primary data which was collected through questionnaires and interview. The data collected from the sample were analyzed and interpreted by descriptive data analysis technique. The results of this study indicated that psycho-social support given to that cervical cancer patient was poor and there is a lack of psycho-social support for cervical cancer patients .. In addition to that the result indicated that, the existence of poor utilization of services was due to poor practice and lack of knowledge and information. Finally, the researcher recommended that there should be broad promotion to cervical cancer screening among women by informing them on their susceptibility and encouraging regular screening in order to detect cervical cancer at the pre-cancerous stage. Key words: Cervical Cancer, Counseling Psycho-Social support services, Palliative care:
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    An Assessment on Career Development Counseling Service Delivery, Challenges and Existing Needs of Auricular Undergraduate Students
    (Addis Ababa University, 2019-10) Degu Yeshiwas; Moges Ayele
    The purpose of this study was to assess the career development counseling services delivery, associated challenges, and existing needs of students among AAU regular undergraduate students‟. To this end, the study employed a qualitative approach within which variety of data gathering tools such as key informant interview (KII), focus group discussions (FGD), document analysis and observation were employed. The method was found convenient to make the required modifications in the course of the study unlike the quantitative approach as the knowledge of the subject among the research participants were known explicitly beforehand. Accordingly, FGD was used to collect data from the students whereas the KII was used to collect data from the guidance and counseling (GCU) experts and that of student career development center (SCDC) staff. Both the KII and the FGD were conducted in Amharic by using hand written notes and partly audio records. All data from the field work were organized, transcribed and translated into English first. In organizing the gathered data, codes were given to each participant‟s response and it was these codes used while this research report is written. In sum, a total of 28 people were involved in the study of whom 10 were from the AAU staff (from those two ventures i.e. GCU and SCDC) while the remaining 18 were students who are representatives in their respective departments and sections. Moreover, document analyses were made upon the number of bi-weekly, interim and annual report found in the SCDC structure whereas the observation has been used to collect data concerning the office space and setup of the GCUs‟ and SCDC. As a result, the study found out that the majority of students don‟t ever know that the services offered by GCU do exist despite the fact that they have stayed for the last two to four years at AAU. On the other hand, SCDC is a new venture at AAU, which is only one year old, and have been working on graduating class students in which case, the majority of the FGD participants‟ were not as such expected to knew about it and the services that it offer, in relative terms. Be that as it may, the regardless of its newness the SCDC was found to delivered better career development counseling services than that of age old GCU. On the other hand, both GCU and SCDC were found to have challenges specifically related to office space and other required inputs. Lack of the required human resource input has also been found the additional challenge for SCDEC whereas GCU lack clear guidelines, policies, protocols and the required counseling skills to function fully. So far as the students career development counseling needs are concerned, the SCDC found to have a better competitive advantage than that of the GCU in the sense that all the activities embedded in SCDC are directly related to the career development needs of the students while much of the GCU experts time has been allocated to small group of students with difficulties in their personal/social life. In reality, it is a misunderstanding and lack of guidance that make the GCU experts to focus on that component; otherwise, being in a school set up much of their time and energy has been expected to be bestowed to support the students‟ academic and career matters. And a huge gap has been observed on the part of the students as to what career development counseling needs that they have and prioritize them. Finally, the study attempted to recommend the need for developing career development counseling resources that could be made accessible to the majority of students in a technology assisted manner and the pressing need for collaboration between SCDC and GCU of AAU
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    The Causes of Divorce and its Influence on the Psychology Wellbeing of Children at Nifassilk Lafto Sub City Federal Supreme Court
    (Addis Ababa University , 2021) Eyerusalem Kebede; Moges Ayele
    . Psychosocial wellbeing is a measure of a healthy lifestyle that has three major dimensions namely: emotional wellbeing, social wellbeing, and resilience to changing environments. Many psychologists claim that there is a relationship between the psychosocial wellbeing of children and divorce. The main objective of this study is to assess the causes of divorce and psychosocial wellbeing of children in divorced families at Nifas Silk Lafto sub-city. Generally, economic, social, psychological and emotional problems were taken as major causes of divorce which leads to the children’s wellbeing. Cross-sectional research design was used and both qualitative and quantitative research approaches were implemented. In this research, there were 146 study participants The data were collected using questionnaire and interview guide. It has used descriptive statistics with means, standard deviations, frequencies and percentages as well as regression analysis for finding out results. From the findings, the prevalence of psychosocial unwellness amongst children of divorced parents at Nifas Silk Lafto sub-city was calculated to be 46.6% based on a scoring system developed. The most psychosocial dimension which is compromised was the ability to cope with new situations faced after divorce followed by emotional wellbeing and social wellbeing, respectively. It was found that child distress has a significant association with age, educational status, income level, and occupational status. Similarly, age, divorce handling age, and income level were observed to have statistically significant (p>0.05) effects on academic performance. These quantitative findings compliment qualitative results obtained from in-depth interview (IDI), focus group discussion (FGD) and key informant interview (KII) to collect the necessary data from target population. Regardless of its wide range occurrence, divorce has not given attention by the society and other concerned bodies. Therefore, it is recommended that the society, social workers, the concerned government organs are advised to play their important role in preventing the prevalence of divorce and ensuring its proper adjustment through changing the social environment in relation to marriage stability.
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    Depression, anxiety, and stress level of Cargivers of children with autism spectrum disorder in three selected school in Addis Ababa
    (Addis Ababa University, 2025) Bethesida Yared; Moges Ayele
    This study examines of depression, anxiety, and stress level of caregivers of children with autism spectrum disorder in three selected schools in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia involving 85 participants. The data were analyzed quantitatively. Most of the participants in this study were 44(51.8%) female while 41(48.2%) were male. The current study finds that out of 85 parents assessed with the DASS, 12.9% were within the normal range, 11.8% had mild depression, 29.4% had moderate depression, 27.1% had severe depression, and 18.8% had extremely severe depression. Overall, 87.1% of parents experienced some degree of depression above the normal range, reflecting a substantial mental health burden among caregivers of children with ASD. Based on the DASS assessment of 85 parents, 12.9% were in the normal range, 14.1% had mild anxiety, 37.6% experienced moderate anxiety, 22.4% experienced severe anxiety, and 12.9% experienced extremely severe anxiety. In total, 87.1% of parents reported anxiety levels above the normal range, indicating a markedly high prevalence of anxiety among caregivers of children with ASD. Among the 85 parents assessed using the DASS scale, 14.1% were within the normal range, 12.9% reported mild stress, 27.1% reported moderate stress, 34.1% reported severe stress, and 11.8% reported extremely severe stress. Taken together, 87.9% of participants experienced some degree of stress above the normal range, indicating a high burden of stress among parents of children with ASD.
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    Developmental Delays among Infants and Young Children in Addis Ababa: Screening, Risk Factors and Intervention (Doctoral Dissertation)
    (Addis Ababa University, 2014-03) Moges Ayele
    Several studies emphasized the importance of developmental and readiness testing as that would enable early identification of those who need support or further assessment. Besides, researches showed that children who were at risk or who experienced delayed development when passed through early intervention they manifested positive gains in development. In this connection, this study was conducted with three objectives in mind. The first one was screening for developmental delays among infants and young children of Addis Ababa; the second one was identifying risk factors associated with global developmental delay; and the third objective was conducting intervention with some developmentally delayed infants and children. To achieve these objectives descriptive survey and quasi-experimental designs were implemented. A sample of 1,062 infants and young children were randomly selected from Bole, Addis Ketema and Kolfe sub-cities. Infants and young children’s development was assessed by using Ages and Stages Questionnaire – Amharic version. Besides, the characteristics of home environment, maternal and child conditions were gathered with the questionnaire set for this purpose. Following screening for developmental delays, three months intervention was carried out in two randomly selected sites. A total of 29 participants were involved in the treatment group and 19 participants did take part in comparison group. Data on children’s developmental status were collected before and after intervention. The data collected were analyzed through logistic regression analysis, MANOVA, t-test, frequencies and percentages. The results of the investigation revealed that 28.13% of infants and young children involved in this research revealed global developmental delay and more delayed development was observed in fine motor domain as 30.53% of children showed delayed development in this domain. From the risk factors evaluated in this research maternal age, low birth weight, physical punishment, unavailability of playing materials, exposure to illness and family size were found to be significantly associated with global developmental delay. However, when predictor variables entered the statistical model the proportion of variance explained by the variables examined was very small in most cases and the largest one was 19.9% which was the explained variance on communication scores for infants of 18 months age interval. The results of the intervention study showed that infants and young children in comparison group performed better than those in the treatment group. Based on the findings obtained some recommendations are made
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    The Influence of Using Social Media on Preparatory Students’ Academic Performance in Addis Ababa Bole Sub-City Ethio-Parents’ Preparatory School.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2019-01) Mathewos Bogale; Moges Ayele
    Social media in the current new generation has been used widely and as expected it brought negative consequence. The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of social media on academic performance of preparatory students in Ethio-Parents’ Preparatory School. The researcher prepared research questions to guide the study. In this study the researcher used descriptive research design. The study was conducted on Ethio-Parents’ school which had 300 preparatory students. Among them the researcher took 100 students using stratified sampling, simple random and cluster sampling techniques. Internet Addiction Test and Academic Motivation and Interest Test were used in this study. The researcher used descriptive statistics of frequency counts and percentage to analyze the demographic data and Pearson’s Correlation, One Sample T-test and Independent Sample T-test to analyze the data. The findings showed that a large number of preparatory students in Ethio-Parents’ School were addicted to Internet. As a result of using social media, their learning was affected negatively. To this end the researcher recommended that schools should teach their students the advantages and disadvantages of using Social Media; and parents should control their children’s habit on the usage of Social Media. And also school counselors should create awareness for it. In addition, students should pay attention and be concerned about the negative consequences of using Social Media and wisely think how they will get along with Social Media to support their learning.
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    Perceived Influence and Resistance to Gender Stereotyping in Career Choice among Debre Berhan University Students
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-12) Dasash Getnet; Moges Ayele
    This phenomenological study explores the influence of gender stereotypes on career choice among students. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 9 participants and group discussions with 8 participants who are third-year students at Debre Berhan University. Being guided by thematic analysis methodology, the study identified key themes from interviews and FGD regarding the lived experiences of the participants concerning gender stereotypes. The findings reveal that gender stereotypes significantly influence students' career paths, shaping their perceptions and internalization of societal expectations. Additionally, cultural norms and family pressures are crucial in guiding career decisions. The findings underscore the imperative for enhanced career counseling and support services to mitigate these stereotypes, there by fostering an inclusive environment that empowers all students to pursue their career goals. This research offers valuable insights for educational institutions, policymakers, and community stakeholders, contributing to the existing literature on gender and career choice within the Ethiopian higher education context. Keywords: Career choice, Influence, Gender stereotype, Undergraduate student
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    Psychological well-being among adolescent female victims of sexual violence: The case of Koye Secondary and Preparatory school
    (Addis Ababa University , 2021-08) Hailemicael Argaw; Moges Ayele
    Sexual violence on adolescents is a common practice that results in multiple problems. Psychological impact of sexual violence is paramount. However, studies on victims’ psychological well-being are scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to explore sexual violence victims’ psychological well-being. This study was conducted at Koye secondary and preparatory school, Akaki Kality subcity, Addis Ababa. The study was a cross-sectional survey research. Ryff’s Psychological Well-being self-rating scale was used to collect data from 153 samples who reported sexual violence history. Besides, respondents’ background information was collected. Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation), one way ANOVA and multiple regression analyses were computed using SPSS-23. The result showed that 128 (83.659%) of sexual violence victims showed high psychological well-being. Moreover, one way ANOVA result indicated that psychological well-being is similar across the forms of sexual violence. However, one way ANOVA result showed that psychological well-being is significantly different across the type of perpetrators, where family and friend perpetrators contribute to low psychological wellness. Furthermore, multiple regression analysis result showed that perpetrator solely predicted less psychological well-being. Adolescent females are highly affected by sexual violence, which negatively impacts their psychological functioning. Therefore, effort needs to be done to create a conducive environment for adolescent females. In addition, counseling services need to incorporate mechanisms to boost adolescents psychological functioning
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    Psychosocial Challenges and Coping Mechanisms of Parents of Children with Down Syndrome at Abune Baslios Primary and Middle School
    (Addis Ababa University, 2025-10) Mekdes Shewakena; Moges Ayele
    The primary objective of the study was to understand the psychosocial challenges and coping mechanisms of parents of children with Down syndrome at Abune Basiliyos Primary and middle school. The Research utilizes qualitative research method. FGD, Interview and observations used for data collection purpose, the study participants purposively selected for the study. There were seven participants for in-depth interview and one focus group with four participants. The data analysis used a thematic approach to identify groups. Five themes are identified for this research this are Emotional and Psychological Reactions to Diagnosis, Social Challenge, Family Relationships, Coping Mechanisms and Fear and worry about the future. The finding of this study indicated that when parents raising a child with Down syndrome they face psychological, and social challenges. Most of parents who has a child with a Down syndrome use coping mechanisms to overcome that challenge. Key Words: Parenting, Down syndrome, social challenge, psychological challenge, coping mechanism.
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    Psychosocial Problems of Infertility among Married Men and Women in Addis Ababa: Implications for Marriage and Family Counseling
    (Addis Ababa University, 2017-10) Akalewold Mekonnen; Moges Ayele
    The purpose of this study was to investigate the psycho-social problems of infertile married men and women in Addis Ababa. A qualitative research design was employed for the study. Twenty infertile married men and women participated in the study. Three methods of data collection were employed in the main study: 1) In depth-interview 2) Focus group discussion and 3) Observation. The result suggested that there is lack of counseling service practices among the participants. They admitted that they still practice traditional ways of healing infertility and are exposed to several problems including incurring costs and practicing unwanted sex with traditional healers such as wizards to conceive a baby. In addition, because of lack of awareness from the public, infertile couples, particularly females are stigmatized and avoided from social occasions. Even though quite a number of people would like to go to health care institutions for counseling, they are discouraged by the inconvenience of the service they get from health centers. The study suggest that there is a need of public awareness about counseling among the community and the infertile people themselves that they should stop going to the bad traditional healers such as wizards who demand them to scarify a lot of things including practicing sex with the people under pressure. In addition, as discussed in the literature review, infertility has tremendous effect wellbeing of couples such as frustration, aggression feeling of powerless and experience of self-esteem. Therefore, these parts of the society must be supported so that they can also lead normal life and be productive to their country like other citizens. Childless couples also face the critique of the relatives and the community at large. To solve such kinds of problems, the media should create awareness about infertility along the providing counseling services.
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    Psychosocial Problems of Women with Breast cancer: The Case of Tikur Anbessa Hospital
    (Addis Ababa University, 2010-06) Tigist Ayele; Moges Ayele
    The objective of this study is to investigate the psychosocial problems of women with breast cancer at Tikure Anbessa Hospital in Addis Ababa. In this study also an attempt is made to assess the effect of certain factors (independent variables) namely age of the patient, types of treatment and time since diagnosis in exposure to the psychosocial problems. The dependent variables are anxiety, depression, social stigma, qnd lack of social support. To achieve this objective convenient sampling method was employed. Sixty women with breast cancer completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale, Experienced Social Stigma Scale and Medical Outcome Social Support Scale. An in-depth interview and Focus Group Discussion were held with four patents. Descriptivestatistics and analysis of variance were used to analyze data, and a p - value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The result obtained states that among sixty women with breast cancer, 73% experience anxiety symptom to anxiety disorder, 73% shows depression symptoms to depression disorder, 85% patients experience moderate to severe social stigma and 68% experienced moderate to lack of social support. The Conclusion is women with breast cancer experience anxiety, depression, social stigma and lack of social support
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    Quality of Early Childhood Care and Education in Bole Sub City of Addis Ababa City Administration
    (2018-02) Tesfaye Nano,; Moges Ayele
    The purpose of the study was to assess the quality of preschools found in Addis Ababa in Bole Sub-City. The quality domains assessed in this research were the structural quality that predicts the process quality which leads to positive developmental outcome of preschool children. This includes qualification of teaching staffs, teacher-child ratios, and group sizes of children and physical environment of preschools. The core intentions of the assessment were to ensure the status of preschools in maintaining the required quality standard specified by the government and the challenges they encountered in the process of maintaining the required quality norms. Random sampling was used to select preschools. Questionnaires, interview and observations were employed for collecting data. Thirty preschools were sampled and questionnaires were distributed to 30 principals and 120 teachers. Data collected from respondent were analyzed quantitatively through using frequency and percentage, while data gathered through interview and observation were qualitatively analyzed. The findings of the assessment indicated that untrained teachers were found working in preschools. As to the teacher-child ratios and group sizes, the majority of the preschools met the standards. With regard to physical environment and infrastructure lack of outdoor equipment and insufficient outdoor and indoor spaces were identified. Lack of land resources and shortage of trained manpower in the market were among the challenges. Finally, discussion of the findings and conclusions were made with recommendation.
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    The Relationship between Peer Pressure and Responsible Behavior among Students: The Case of two Secondary and Preparatory Schools in Addis Ababa
    (Addis Ababa University, 2019-06) Azalech Tefera; Moges Ayele
    The objective of this study was to find out the relationship between peer pressure and responsible behavior of secondary and preparatory school students in Bole sub-city, Addis Ababa. One hundred fifty five boys and one hundred seventy six girls (totally 331) from two conveniently selected secondary and preparatory schools completed scales pertaining to peer pressure and responsible behavior. Descriptive survey research design and quantitative study approach was employed to conduct the study. Samples were drawn based on proportionate stratified systematic random sampling. Descriptive statistics such as frequency and percentage with tables, mean, median, standard deviations, one sample t –test, independent sample t - test, Pearson product-moment correlation, and multiple regression were used to analyze the data. The findinds revealed that, compared to the hypothetical average score, students were generally low in the three dimensions of responsible behavior (i.e. personal responsible (t= -14.516, p= .000), peer responsible (t= -6.713, p= .000), & community responsible (t= -8.622, p= .000)), while their peer pressures were high(t= 33.157, p= .000). Female student‟s responsibility behavior were significantly lower than male students in dimensions of responsibility behavior (t= -3.16, p= .002), personal (t= -4.63, p= .000), community (t= -4.219, p= .000), and overall responsibility (t= -5.194), but not in peer pressure(t= -.912, p= .363). Whereas, there were statistically significant grade level differences among the secondary and preparatory school students in personal responsibility, peer responsibility and peer pressures except community responsibility behavior (t= -2.845, p= .005). Age has significant and positive relationship with personal (R= .156, p< .05), and community (R= .132, p< .05) dimensions of responsibility behavior, whereas, age has no associations with peer responsibility behavior and peer pressure. Finally, age (0.283), gender (0.265), grade level (-0.277) and peer pressure (0.146) were found to be the significant contributor variables that affect adolescents responsibility behavior. It is recommended that the implementation and evaluation of intervention aimed at enhancing children's responsible behaviors should consider student‟s age, grade level and gender. Since peer pressure was found to be significant factor for responsibility behavior, using this pressure positively may affect their responsibility behavior positively. So, practical and effective strategies should be designed to mobilize students (for example using clubs and other student unions).
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    Teachers’ beliefs about inclusion and their implementation of inclusive practice for students with autism spectrum disorder in selected private schools
    (Addis Ababa University, 2025-06) Kalkidan Assefa; Moges Ayele
    This mixed method study examined the belief in inclusion and the implementation of inclusive practices for students with autism spectrum disorder in selected private schools in Addis Ababa. A total of 150 teachers from Flipper International School, Cambridge International School and School of Tomorrow were selected through stratified random sampling. Data were collected using structured questionnaires to collect quantitative data on inclusive beliefs and practices, complemented by semi-structured interviews to provide deeper qualitative insights. Quantitative data were analysed by descriptive statistics, t-tests and ANOVA, while qualitative interview responses were analysed by thematic analysis.The results of the present study show that, although teachers generally have positive beliefs about the importance of inclusion for students with ASD, they also report major difficulties in implementing inclusive practices in practice. In particular, the findings highlighted the critical need for targeted professional development and adequate resources to effectively support students with ASD in inclusive settings. The qualitative data from the interviews further highlighted these obstacles, highlighting the gap between theoretical understanding and practical application in the different classroom settings.The study concluded that closing this gap requires comprehensive training, increased allocation of resources and supportive school policies to improve the ability of teachers in private schools to deliver truly inclusive education for students with ASD. These findings have important implications for teacher training programmes, school administrators and policy makers working to promote a more inclusive and effective education system. Keywords: inclusive education, teacher training, inclusive practices, autism spectrum disorder, special needs education
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    The Effect of Family Background and Home Environment on Academic Performance of Students in Some Selected Primary Schools in Bole Sub-City, Addis Ababa Ethiopia.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-09) Betelhem Yohannes; Moges Ayele
    The researcher sought to explore the effect of family background and home environment on Academic Performance of students in some selected primary schools in Bole sub-city, Addis Ababa Ethiopia. The research was intended to achieve three specific objectives which are stated as follow; Primarily, to assess the relation between parental income and academic performance of primary school students, secondly to determine the effect of parental educational background on primary school students academic performance and finally to investigate how home environment affect student’s academic performance. The survey participants were 212 students as well as their parents from the three governmental elementary schools. The research used questionnaire as a method of data collection. The collected Data were analyzed by descriptive statistical methods and Multiple Regression. The study discovered a positive and statistically significant correlation between parental education, income level and home environment and their children’s academic achievement.
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    The Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Anxiety and Depression Symptoms in Breast Cancer Patients at St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College
    (Addis Ababa University, 2025) Bezawit Girma; Moges Ayele
    Breast cancer remains a major public health challenge in Ethiopia, with women often experiencing significant levels of anxiety and depression that adversely affect their quality of life and treatment outcomes. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has been recognized as a promising approach to address these psychological burdens. This study explored the effectiveness of CBT in reducing anxiety and depression among women with breast cancer at St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College in Addis Ababa. A randomized controlled trial design was employed, comparing an intervention group that received CBT with a control group that received standard care. Baseline measures of anxiety and depression were collected, and post-intervention outcomes were analyzed using standardized instruments. The findings revealed that CBT led to a significant reduction in both anxiety and depression symptoms compared to standard care. Women in the intervention group showed greater improvement, with a mean reduction of -6.8 in depression scores versus -3.9 in the control group, and a decrease in anxiety scores of -4.3 compared to -2.8. The odds of high post-intervention anxiety were reduced by 52%, and depression was lowered by 8% in the intervention group, underscoring the cross-cultural applicability and effectiveness of CBT. These results highlight the feasibility and acceptability of integrating structured, culturally adapted CBT into oncology care in Ethiopia. The study recommends the inclusion of CBT as part of routine cancer treatment, supported by capacity building, policy integration, and further research to evaluate long-term outcomes and scalability in low-resource settings. Keywords: Breast cancer, anxiety, depression, cognitive behavioral therapy, randomized control design, Ethiopia
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    The Role of Quality Daycare in Children’s Socio-Emotional Development: The Case of Yeka Sub-City Government Daycare Centers
    (Addis Ababa University, 2025-10) Wagaw Belay; Moges Ayele
    The overall aim of this research study was to examine the factors impacting children’s socio-emotional development at daycare, specifying the contributions of the daycare context and environmental factors, parents’ engagement, caregiver-child relationships, opportunities for facilitating relationships, and incidences of conflict. With five specific objectives, this research study examined the environment in daycare, its quality, measured the roles of parents and caregivers, and identified predictors of children’s socio-emotional development at daycare. The research design was quantitative, and data were collected using a structured questionnaire that was distributed to parents of selected daycare centers. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, a Pearson correlation, and multiple regression; all quantitative analysis was conducted with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The study results demonstrated a strong positive association between independent variables and children’s socio-emotional development (R = .931), and collectively the predictors explained a substantial amount of the variance in the dependent variable. The regression analysis also indicated that the overall model was statistically significant (F (5,116) = 151.977, p < .001). The strongest Table 1Theoretical Frame work predictor was Conflict Resolution (β = .783, p < .001), followed by Social Opportunities (β = .119, p = .004) and Daycare Setting (β = .088, p = .027). Parental Involvement and Caregiver-Child Relationship were also predictive of socio-emotional development, but the effect was positive and not statistically significant. Overall, the study findings indicate that daycare environments that cultivate positive conflict resolution, promote social opportunities, and provide a safe and stimulating environment are most beneficial to children's development of socio-emotional skills. Therefore, collaboration among caregivers, parents, and policymakers to improve daycare quality and develop policy that incorporates socio-emotional learning and conflict management strategies into early childhood care programs is recommended. Keywords: socio-emotional development, daycare setting, parental involvement, caregiver-child relationship, social opportunities, conflict resolution
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    Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Group Therapy for Abused Children with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder: the Case of Kechene Children’s Home and OPRIFS
    (Addis Ababa University, 2011-06) Riyadh Mohammed; Moges Ayele
    The high prevalence and the devastating negative consequences of sexual and physical abuse initiate research inquiry in to the treatment aspect of the problem. This study examined whether trauma focused cognitive behavioral group therapy is effective in treating either sexually or physically abused children in two NGOs namely Kechene Children’s home and OPRIFS. The study was a control group pre test post test quasi-experimental design. Sixty female participants aged 8 to 18 were selected purposefully based on inclusion criteria. They were divided in to two groups (treatment group and control group) which were made equivalent in terms of their score of child post traumatic stress symptoms scale and type of abuse they experienced. The treatment group received TF-CBGT for 3 sessions a week for a total of 12 sessions. Child posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms scale (CPSS) was used to measure post traumatic stress symptoms of participants. Test was conducted before the treatment, just after the treatment and 15 days after the treatment. Results of dependent t-test indicated that, participants engaged in treatment group showed statistically significant reduction in PTSD symptoms (df=29 t=2.618) from pre to post test while the control group did not. The therapy gain/outcome was maintained at follow up measure. Independent t test indicated that the mean CPSS for the control group and the treatment group was statistically significant at post test (df=58 t=2.068). There was no statistically significant difference in post traumatic stress symptoms mean score between different types of abuse (sexual and physical) and age groups (younger children aged 9 to 12 and teenagers aged 13 to 16) both before and after therapy. It is recommended to conduct a large scale study with more sample size and diversity to expand the findings of this study