Social Work
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Item Exploring Recidivism among Male Children in Conflict with the Law: the Case of Addis Ababa Women’s Children and Youth Affairs Rehabilitation Center for Children in Conflict with the Law(Addis Ababa University, 2023-11-01) Fiseha Abadi; Demelash Kassaye (PhD)Recidivism among male children in conflict with law has become a widespread occurrence in Ethiopia among most adolescents. Research focusing on aspects of recidivism in Ethiopia has emphasized on economic and social factors; being from poor families is pointed out as a major reasons behind recidivism, though this is not enough to conclude unless the causes of recidivism are systematically investigated. Thus, this study with the objective of exploring recidivism among male children in conflict with the law, engage at identifying factors related to recidivism. The study participants of this study are nine recidivist male children in conflict with law and key informants from Addis Ababa Women’s, Children and Youth Affairs Bureau Rehabilitation Center for Children in Conflict with the Law. Findings of this study indicate that drug subculture, peer pressure, being orphan, street life, child maltreatment, divorce, poor family economy and negative community attitude and lack of sufficient follow up and assistance up on release made children to recidivate a crime. At the end, the study concludes by recommending all relevant parties working to reduce the incidence of recidivism among children in conflict with the law. Key Words: Recidivism, Children in Conflict with the law, Recidivist Children, RehabilitationItem An Assessment of the Prospects and Challenges of Entoto Park Project for the Entoto Community(Addis Ababa University, 2024-04-01) Kibrom Shushay; Wassie Kebede (PhD)The major purpose of this study was to assess the prospects and challenges of EntotoPark for the Entoto community. This study utilized qualitative method. The study was conducted in northern part of the capital city Addis Ababa, the area found under the Addis Ababa City Administration and partly it is bordered with Oromia region. In this study, the researcher used purposive sampling technique to select participants based on their experiences knowledge of the issues being undertaken in the study. The study covered one kebele from the whole community, as stated above that the sample was selected purposefully to reach out the exact targeted population to be studied. The researcher of this study used the suitable method of data analysis techniques for case study. The result of the study has suggested that the local community's economic relationship with EntotoPark is still unclear. Stronger financial linkages exist between the Park and large chain restaurants, housing facilities, resorts, and entertainment service providers than there are with the local population. Additionally, EntotoPark has created job opportunities for residents in various fields of work. The Entoto community is facing challenges with the management of the Park due to a lack of strong management, indifference from government leaders, and inappropriate responses from officials. The community claims that the leaders managing the Park are corrupt and do not address their questions. The Park is highly recommended to strengthen the current economic integration endeavors with the local community to ensure the peaceful cooperation of the local communities’ surroundings the Park as well as to ensure the parks sustainability for the generations to come. Key Words: Entoto, Livelihood, Local CommunityItem Challenges on the Economic Empowerment of Women in Micro and Small Enterprise Sector: - The Case of Addis Ababa City, Addis Ketema Sub-City(Addis Ababa University, 2023-11-01) Tewodros Asmare; Wassie Kebede (Ph.D)The purpose of this study is to assess challenges in the economic empowerment of women's micro and small enterprise (MSE) operators. The study attempted to respond to the questions (1) what are the factors that contributed to the lower performance of women-owned micro and small enterprises (MSEs), (2) the available support services by the government and financial institutions to empower women in the sector, and (3) the structural and systemic barriers in the support service system. The study employed mixed methods research. A total of 178 women MSE operators had taken part in the quantitative survey. A random sampling method was used to select survey respondents and purposive sampling techniques used to conduct qualitative interviews. Findings of the study revealed that women MSE operators faced challenges in accessing credit, input, information, and business training. Support institutions also had found to be challenged to provide context-sensitive services for women MSEs that factors like raw material shortage, lack of finance, financial literacy, and collateral issues in addressing the economic empowerment needs. The study recommends government and financial institutions should provide context-sensitive services, such as targeted incentives, simplified tax systems, and alternative financing options, and that concerned bodies should find a way to economically empower women MSE operators. Women MSE operators, Women empowerment, economic empowerment, Addis AbabaItem The Role of Iddirs to Provide Social Services and Contribute to Local Community Development: The Case of Selected Iddirs in Adama City, Ethiopia(Addis Ababa University, 2024-05-01) Assefa Bekele; Wassie Kebede (PhD)This study was conducted to analyze the roles of Iddirs to provide social services and contribute to local community development with particular to selected Iddirs in Adama city. The study employed mixed research method to compare and describe major services and activities carried out by Iddirs established during different decades. A two-stage sampling technique was employed to identify respondents for the collection of quantitative data. In the beginning, stratified sampling was used to categorize those Iddirs into three strata, and four Iddirs were randomly chosen from each stratum. In the second stage, simple random sampling was applied to select Iddirs members. Similarly, the purposive qualitative sampling was used to collect qualitative data. A structured survey questionnaire was used for quantitative data collection while the in-depth interview, key informant interview, and field observation were used to collect qualitative data. Qualitatively collected data were analyzed using thematic analysis techniques. Descriptive statistics like mean, frequency, and standard deviation; inferential statistics specifically ANOVA (Analysis of Variance), correlation, and independent samples T-test were used to analyze quantitative data. The findings of the study revealed the existence of great potential in Iddirs and all selected Iddirs are significantly engaged in the local development activities. The findings of the study will have paramount importance for social work implications to strengthen CBOs’ engagement in local development initiatives. In addition, the findings of the study will imply social policy to utilize the untapped potential of Iddirs for social service provision and local development. 1 Iddirs Contributions for Local Community Development and Social ServicesItem Evaluating the Effectiveness of Government-Sponsored Free Legal Aid Programs from the Perspectives of Beneficiaries and the Need of Social Workers in Cases Transferred to Licensed Lawyers by the Ministry of Justice in Addis Ababa(Addis Ababa University, 2022-11-01) Beakal Ketema; Adamnesh Bogale (Ph.D.)This study investigates the efficacy of government-sponsored free legal aid programs in Addis Ababa, focusing on the perspectives of beneficiaries whose cases have been referred to licensed lawyers through the Ministry of Justice and the need of social workers for its effectiveness. By analyzing the experiences of individuals accessing legal aid services, the research aims to highlight both the strengths and weaknesses of the program. Utilizing qualitative methodologies, the study includes thirty seven participants. Among them, in-depth interviews with fifteen beneficiaries and fifteen lawyers among the list received from FDRE Ministry of Justice and seven key informants capturing rich narratives that reflect the experiences and barriers faced by beneficiaries. Data collected using face-to-face interview to observe respondents body language at the place of their choice. Key themes identified to include the accessibility of legal services, the quality of communication between beneficiaries and legal aid providers and overall satisfaction with legal outcomes. Preliminary findings suggest that while the legal aid program is a vital resource for marginalized populations, significant challenges persist. Many beneficiaries report difficulties in navigating the system, feelings of disconnection from their lawyers and disparities in service quality. These insights emphasize the need for a deeper understanding of beneficiaries' needs and expectations. By amplifying the voices of those directly affected by the legal aid program, this research contributes valuable knowledge to ongoing discussions about legal access and justice in Ethiopia. Ultimately, the study seeks how social worker inclusion assist to inform policy improvements that enhance the effectiveness of free legal aid services and ensuring serving better the communities intended to benefit Key Words: Legal Aid, Beneficiaries, LawyersItem Assessing the Socio-Economic Implications of Sports Betting among Youth in Addis Ababa in the Case of Yeka Sub city(Addis Ababa University, 2024-10-01) Elias Workeshet; Tenagne Alemu, (PhD)This study focuses on the assessment socioeconomic implications of sports betting on youths in Addis Ababa, emphasizing their lived experiences, social consequences, and financial implications. The study employed a cross-sectional qualitative research approach and included 24 participants, including current and past sports bettors, two critical case analysis, and one focus group discussion with eight participants. Data were gathered through in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions, and then evaluated using deductive thematic and narrative analysis. Key findings show that peer networks have a major impact on both the onset and maintenance of sports betting practices, frequently portraying it as a socially acceptable and profitable activity. The participants commonly considered sports betting as a "quick way to make money," motivated by the promise of high returns on little bets. The normalization and glamorization of sports betting, along with societal acceptability and increasing accessibility, reinforces these practices, leading to limited awareness of betting's potential consequences. The study revealed negative consequences such as the development of hazardous behaviors and psychological problems including worry and sadness. The unexpected nature of betting outcomes frequently leads to strained familial relationships, marked by a breakdown in trust and communication. Furthermore, debt, impulsive spending, and unethical actions such as borrowing or stealing exacerbate these youths' financial insecurity, locking them in a never-ending cycle of financial crisis. Finally, the study calls for action to address the challenges surrounding sports betting among youths. It promotes the development of community-based initiatives aimed at addressing taking legislative measures to reduce the accessibility and attraction of sports betting to youths. Additionally, the study emphasizes the need to promoting alternative activities is essential for positively engaging youth.Item The Impact of Raising Children with Down Syndrome on Families in Addis Ababa(Addis Ababa University, 2024-10-01) Elshalom Yilma; Mengistu Legesse (PhD)The study aims to explore the impact of having a child with Down syndrome on the families that are registered at Deborah Foundation. Deborah foundation is one of the few non-governmental organizations which supports families with intellectual disabilities and majorly focusing on Down Syndrome. The study utilizes qualitative research design study approach. The data is collected from the families registered at Deborah Foundation using semi structured interviews with families with Down syndrome. The criteria for selection is based on, if they have a child with Down syndrome from 4 to 10 years of age, are able to communicate in Amharic or English, and if they are willing to participate. Data is collected using an in-depth interview, key informants and FGD. There were 14 participants in the in-depth interview, 5 key informant and 1 FGD with 5 participants. The data analysis used a thematic approach to identify categories. There are 7 major themes identified in this research: Initial reaction, Coping mechanism, Emotional and Psychological impact, Social impact, Economic impact, Impact of family interaction, and Basic services. The findings of the study indicate that respondents reported a significant impact on overall family functioning when raising a child with Down syndrome. The study highlights the socio-economic effects, with both social and economic aspects of the family being influenced, as well as the psychological impact. More importantly, it underscores the impact on family interactions, revealing the dynamics of the family as a unit. The implication of this study is to guide the development of support systems that strengthen the family unit as a whole for families with children born with Down syndrome in Ethiopia.Item Trend Analysis on the Application of Social Work Professionalism: The Case of Refugee Child-Focused Humanitarian Organizations in Ethiopia(Addis Ababa University, 2024-07-01) Fisehatsion Afework; Mesele Mengsteab (PhD)This study investigated the trend in the application of social work professionalism in delivering child-focused social work services for refugee children in refugee camps in Ethiopia. The study seeks to understand how the various constituents of social work professionalism have been applied by child-focused humanitarian organizations between the years of 2017 to 2023. A time series trend analysis model employed using a predominantly quantitative design which involves survey as data collection method. However, very minimal qualitative information collected through key informant interviews and focus group discussions to complement few findings acquired from quantitative analysis. Child-focused humanitarian organizations in three refugee camps were selected through multi-stage cluster sampling. 206 respondents involving social workers, and other child protection program staffs participated in the study. The research investigated how child-focused social work services align with professional standards and the challenges faced by practitioners. Findings reveal significant caseloads, resource constraints, and ethical dilemmas in service prioritization. However, positive trends emerge, including the implementation of the Child Protection Minimum Standards framework, a client-centered approach, and growing collaboration with the families of refugee children. Findings were translated into actionable recommendations for strengthening social work practice, including increased funding, caseload management strategies, prioritizing child participation, and fostering inter-agency collaboration. A model was proposed depicting key challenges, positive trends, and recommendations to improve child-focused social work services through the lens of professional ethics in refugee settings. This study underscores the importance of a multi-pronged approach to ensure high-quality, ethical services for all refugee children. KEYWORDS: Social work Professionalism; Time-series Analysis; Child-focused Humanitarian Organization; and Child Protection Minimum Standards.Item The socio economic empowerment of divorced women through safety net program: A case of Burayu sub city(Addis Ababa University, 2024-05-01) Girma Deresa; Emebet Mulugeta (PhD)The objective of the study has emphasized on the socioeconomic empowerment of divorced women through a safety net program in Burayu Sub City. The study used a qualitative research approach and data sources from primary and secondary data. Qualitative sampling techniques have been used in purposive sampling. The participants were purposefully identified, and they shared their knowledge and experience about the socioeconomic empowerment of divorced women through data collection tools like key informant interviews, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions. From among the qualitative research methods, the case study has been selected for this study for the case of three homogeneity of group behavior in the study area: all of them are women, all are divorced, and all are safety net program beneficiaries. The methods of data analysis are based on writing essays in the form of thematic analysis in major categories and subgroups. When data is to be collected, consideration of ethics is a primary issue, and a researcher has to get a permission letter written by a respected body explaining the purpose and ensuring the legality of the study. The study findings reflected the socioeconomic challenges of divorced women in Burayu sub-city administration, including social challenges like social blame, changes in social status, roles, social isolation, and children's identity questions. There were through three pillars women empowered in study area. They are economic empowerment, social empowerment, and contribution of the safety net program to empowering divorced women in the study area. Key words: Women, Empowerment and Safety net programItem Service gaps among children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and their families in selected sites of Addis Ababa(Addis Ababa University, 2024-05-01) Marta Teklie; Tenagne Alemu, (PhD)Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a growing public health concern in Ethiopia, with limited research on the availability and accessibility of specialized services for affected children and their families. This research aimed to investigate the critical service deficiencies faced by children with ASD and their caregivers in Addis Ababa. A qualitative, cross-sectional research was conducted in Addis Ababa, involving in-depth interviews with six parents/caregivers of children with ASD, a key informant interview with one healthcare professional, one education specialist, and one service provider for the ASD population. Observation was also integrated into the deployed methods to better understand the daily activities of parents and caregivers and the situation of the services provided. The findings revealed significant gaps and challenges in the ASD service at the selected sites in Addis Ababa. Key issues included: limited availability of specialized ASD diagnostic, therapeutic, and educational services; shortage of trained professionals and therapists; high out-of-pocket costs for ASD-related services; low public awareness; and slowly progressing government support with loose follow-up in the implementation. The research emphasizes how critical it is to develop a thorough, multi-stakeholder strategy to address the inadequate services for children with ASD in Addis Ababa and throughout Ethiopia. The creation of integrated, family-centered support networks, community-based awareness campaigns, policy changes, increased government funding, and the strengthening of the healthcare and education systems' capacities are all suggested interventions. The quality of life and developmental outcomes for Ethiopian families with children with ASD can be greatly enhanced by filling in these crucial gaps. SERVICE GAPS AMONG CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER (ASD)…Item Assessing the Pre and Post Factors Leading children in conflict with law to Recidivism:- The Case of Lideta Sub-city Administration woreda 10 Remand and Rehabilitation Center(Addis Ababa University, 2023-07-01) Meseret Getachew; Commander Demmelash Kassaye (PhD)study described the Pre and Post Factors Leading children in conflict with law to Recidivism: the Case of Lideta Sub-city woreda 10 Administration Remand and Rehabilitation Center. The main objective of this study was to find the Pre and Post Factors Leading children in conflict with law to recidivism at the study area. Descriptive and explanatory research type was employed to explore the study of both quantitative and qualitative data from primary and secondary sources. Due to the difficulty of easily accessing re-offenders children conflict with law in the study area through other sampling techniques, Purposive sampling was used to select participants’ from the 156 total sample frames who are respondents for the study. Out of this 156 total sample frames 69 offenders, 21 parents of offenders, and 12 key informants that means 102 respondents were taken as a sample size of the research. Based on finding of this study the researcher has reached the multiple Pre and Post Factors Leading Children in conflict with law to Recidivism from all that, societal respond/unwelcome condition of the society push for re-offending . The Causes of re-offenders were peers influence, broken families (divorce, death of one parent or both, migration), and economic problems, mental illness, abuse, lack of parental support, school/ education problems. Therefore, the study recommends all the stakeholders: especially government and should give serious attention for those who commit in Recidivism and work corporately with community base organization to bring positive societal response, and it should coordinate different service provider like mental health hospitals, vocational training provider institutions as well formal educational institutions, Religious institution should play a significant role, so that the children’s needs are met in a holistic manner and re-offenders participate in different community works and where these re-offenders can get good experience and plan their future life. Keywords; Juvenile, children in conflict with law to Recidivism, Lideta Sub-city woreda10 Administration Remand and Rehabilitation CenterItem Social Support Experiences of Yemeni Refugee Women in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A Descriptive Phenomenological Study(Addis Ababa University, 2024-05-01) Samuel Amare; Abebaw Minaye (PhD)Women are recognized as one of the most vulnerable groups of refugees. Refugee women face more adaptation challenges and adverse consequences than refugee men. However, social support could be critical in shielding refugees during their adaptation processes. The general objective of this study was to examine the social support experiences of Yemeni refugee women in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The study employed a descriptive-phenomenological design to achieve its objective. Thirteen Yemeni refugee women were selected using purposive sampling. A semi-structured interview guide was employed to examine the experiences of refugee women. Using a descriptive phenomenological analysis, the data was analyzed. The study's findings revealed that refugee women encountered economic challenges (limited job opportunities and low or no income, housing problems), identity-related challenges (lack of recognized identity documents, increase in price related to identity), linguistic and socio-cultural challenges (language barriers, social isolation, uncooperative police, cultural differences, and obstacles to education), and gender-related challenges (sexual harassment). These adaptation challenges were detrimental to refugee women‟s well-being. The study showed that refugee women asked for support from both formal and informal support sources. Refugee women received instrumental support at refugee-serving humanitarian organizations such as financial support, material support (food rations and bedding, hygiene materials, and milk powder), training support (language, computer, technical and vocational), medical and educational allowances, and daycare and other services. Language barriers, lack of availability of knowledge about the support packages, transportation problems, support providers‟ unfriendly treatment, unmet survival needs, childcare responsibility, failure to give timely responses by support providers, community leaders‟ biased recruitment to the support provided by humanitarian organizations, and support providers‟ biased attitude hindered refugee women from accessing social support at refugee-serving humanitarian organizations. Additionally, the study‟s findings indicated that the support refugee women received from humanitarian organizations working with refugees was inadequate and below their expectations. Moreover, the study's findings indicated that refugee women received various types of social support from family, friends, and independent sponsors, including instrumental support, emotional support, and informational support. Furthermore, the findings indicated that refugee women employed various coping strategies to cope with adaptation challenges in the face of social support deficit. Refugee women dealt with economic challenges using different survival strategies, such as engaging in income-generating activities, selling possessions, marrying local men, and prioritizing spending. The findings also revealed that refugee women employed creative coping strategies, including sending Ethiopian nationals to the shop, taking off the Abaya (Muslim long dress), using essential words from the local language, and using an avoidance strategy to cope with identity-related challenges. Moreover, participating in social gatherings, using language learning and rehearsal strategies, and using virtual communication tools were some of the coping strategies employed by refugee women to cope with linguistic and socio-cultural challenges. Additionally, refugee women used coping strategies such as religious belief, cognitive reappraisal, and venting emotions to cope with various adaptation challenges. The study had implications for the government, refugee-serving humanitarian organizations, local community members, and other concerned bodies to help refugee women have enhanced well-being and thrive instead of merely surviving. The study also had implications for social work education, practice, policy, and research. Key Words: Social support, Adaptation challenge, Coping, Yemeni refugee women, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaItem Lived Experiences of Single Mothers Who Have Children With Intellectual Disability the Case of House of Mercy Holistic Development Organization(Addis Ababa University, 2024-10-01) Sosena Abebe; Emebet Mulugeta (PhD)The study was conducted to assess the lived experiences of single mothers who have children with intellectual disability in the case of House of Mercy Holistic development organization in Yeka sub city of Addis Ababa. The study used a theoretical framework of ecological systems theory to investigate how single mothers are influenced at different levels of ecological system. The aim of this study was to explore lived experiences of single mothers who have children with intellectual disability. The study utilized a qualitative research methodology foucsing on the challenges, perceptions, opportunities and coping strategies of single mothers who have children with intellectual disability. A case study reaseach was used to explore lived experiences of single mothers using purposive sampling technique.Semi structured interviews, key informant interviews and focus group discussions were also used for data collection tool. The data collected was analysed by using thematic analysis allowing for identification of common themes and patterns in the lived experiences of the participants. The findngs of the study revealed financial struggles, lack of employment opportunities, limited support centers and social isolation as the major challenges of single mothers who have children with intellectual disability. On the other hand, increased spriual beliefs and strength are mentioned as positive experiences of single mothers arising from having a child with intellectual disabilities, and lastly having a strong social support, hope and faith are found to be coping strategies of these mothers. Therefore, understanding the lived experiences of single mothers is vital for researchers, policymakers, schools, both governmental and non governmental organizations by giving insights about their challenges and support needs. Also, help in creating effective strategies that support single mothers of children with intellectual disabilities. Key words: Single mother, intellectual disability, coping strategies, opportunities, challengesItem Examining Practices of Parent-Adolescent Communication on Sexual and Reproductive Health Issues: Qualitative Evidencefrom the Menelik II Preparatory School in Addis Ababa.(Addis Ababa University, 2024-05-01) TamratKetema; Tenagne Alemu (PhD)Parents are the most consistent figure in a child's life and play significant influence on their personality, health, and adult transition in younger children.This study aimed to examine the parent-adolescent communication on sexual and reproductive health issues. The study used a cross-sectional, descriptive, and phenomenological qualitative research.Out of nonprobability sampling, purposive sampling was used to select parents and adolescents for this study. Select study participants in Menelik preparatory school and their non-biological parents from Addis Ababa city. I held 20 in-depth interviews and 4 focus group discussions with 10 adolescents aged 17-20 and 10 of their parents aged 47-58.The outcomes of the study showed that adolescents were provided with enough and timely information on sexual reproductive health issues. It confirmed that non-biological parents nurtured their children and passed on their own personal beliefs, attitudes, and expectations by talking to them about matters related to sexual and reproductive health. Among these are the favorable attitudes of adolescents and their nonbiological parents, supportive bonds, and the beneficial impact of instructional radio and television shows. The key challenges were cultural impacts both on parents and children, and a lack of time. Timely information was provided about one's growth, puberty-related changes, and sexual and reproductive health issues. Keywords: adolescents, parents, perceptions, and sexual and reproductive health communicationItem Understanding the Effects of Blood Feuds and their Implications for Community Cohesion: The Case of Addisge Dengie and Senbet Deber Kebeles in East Dembia Woreda, Ethiopia.(Addis Ababa University, 2024-05-01) Tariku Ayalew; Mesele Mengsteab (PhD)A blood feud is taking an act of revenge by killing or returning the killer himself, otherwise by killing his family or relatives. Blood feuds have become a habit in different parts of the world. Among the factors that lead to another attack are those related to their cultural norms, and honor is mainly mentioned. This causes them to get into a vicious cycle and also causes loss of life, psychological toll, and lack of trust within the community, and economic destruction, which is seen as a common social problem in East Dembia Woreda. Due to this kind of inharmoniousness, the occurrence has continued from generation to generation. This study was conducted in Addisge Dengie and Senbet Deber Kebeles, selected from among the 34 Kebeles in East Dembia Woredas. The objectives were to explore the socio-cultural issues, assess the current situation, evaluate the effects of blood feuds on individuals, families, and communities, and analyze customary or traditional mechanisms of resolving blood feuds. By using a mixed-methods research design, the researcher gathered primary data from the study population in the field. Qualitative data was acquired using document review tools, FGD, KII, and in-depth interviews. On the other hand, survey questions were used to gather quantitative data. Elders, community leaders, and individuals or families directly affected by blood feuds or victims were interviewed as key informants’. Spiritual elders, members of the community, and young people participate in FGDs that take age into consideration. Furthermore, the researcher examined data from the Office of Justice, Court Office, and Woreda Communication Office. The study used a purposeful methodology. Descriptive statistics and appropriate statistical tests were used in the study to analyze the collected data. Inferential statistics, descriptive statistics are used to examine the demographics of the victims and to comprehend the number and frequency of blood feud-related murders during the course of the five-year period. In quantitative data analysis, chi-square tests are used, and a binary logit model is utilized. A qualitative data analysis that included document reviews, FGD, and in-depth interviews was accomplished. The study's findings showed 84.8% of community members hold and use bludgeons and weapons, gambling, revenge culture, honor, proverbs, Land disputes were a frequent cause of blood feuds on both Kebeles; productivity, proximity to cities, and alcohol businesses are mentioned as contributing to blood feuds; and 16% of the participants linked blood feuds to legal shortcomings. Individuals, families, and communities are under strain; the community’s cohesion is threatened by trust and unity within the community; and there are constant and alarming blood feuds in the community. Overall, the data from 2019 to 2023 indicates that 106 people in the chosen Kebeles lost their lives as a result of blood feuds. Keywords: blood feuds; Woreda; Kebeles; community cohesion; land, Dem Adraki committeesItem The Situation of Eritrean Refugees While Interacting with Ethiopian Nationals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia(Addis Ababa University, 2022-06-01) Teshome Kassa; Ashenafi Hagos (Ph.D.)When the regulations governing refugee-host community interactions become loose, the refugees might influence the host community's socio-economic structure. This study examined the situation of Eritrean refugees while interacting with Ethiopian nationals in Addis Ababa. The study utilized the descriptive qualitative method through purposive sampling. Twelve Eritrean refugees, 11 Ethiopian national residents, and nine employees of the government refugee agency participants were interviewed. The interview identified five themes: the route and travel conditions, Addis Ababa as a transit destination, the two safety features, interaction and actions, and government support. The findings of the study revealed that the way the Eritrean refugees lived with host communities disrupted the living conditions. Understanding this can help responsible agencies such as RRS, the city administration of Addis Ababa, and UNHCR prioritize and respond primarily to the safety and economic burden of the host community. Keywords: Addis Ababa, Eritrea, Family reunification, Interaction, National Residents, Refugee, SafetyItem Adolescent and Youth-Parent Communication on Sexual and Reproductive Health Issues: The Case of Future Hopes Integrated Development organization, Arada Sub-City of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia(Addis Ababa University, 2024-06-01) Tewedaj Abayneh; Zena Berhanu (PhD)Adolescents and young people in Ethiopia are increasingly experiencing issues related to their sexual and reproductive health. This could be linked to poor communication and early sexual initiation. A delay in sexual activity has been favorably correlated with effective family communication on sexual risk behavior. Various aspects impact the communication between parents and adolescents and youth on SRH in different ways. The study aims to analyze the communication between adolescents and youth and parents on sexual and reproductive health issues focusing on a case of FHIDO, Arada Sub-city, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. To attain this, a cross-sectional mixed descriptive study was conducted involving 347 randomly selected students from the FHIDO’s sponsorship youth development program. A pre-tested, structured anonymous questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data, which was entered, cleaned, and analyzed using the SPSS version 23 statistical package. Qualitative data were also obtained from through FGD and KII interviews with adolescents’ fathers and Woreda health professionals. The bivariate, multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess the contribution of determinants. Results indicated that one hundred eighty-nine (54.5%) of the students discussed with either of their parents at least on two topics of SRH. However, rather than talking to their parents about the SRH issue, the majority of respondents said that they would rather talk to their classmates or friends. It was also demonstrated that having a literate mother reduced the likelihood of believing in importance of parents and adolescents and youth on SRH issues by 72% [AOR = 0.28; 95%CI (0.13,0.61)]. Adolescents and youth knowing STIs increase the odds by threefold [AOR = 3.73; 95% CI (1.48, 9.43)] compared to other SRH issues. The most reported factors that affect communication between parents and adolescents on SRH issues are shamefulness, parents’ lack of knowledge, and not being good listeners and this factors also reveiled in the FGD discussants. As the study confirmed, there is a lack of communication on various SRH issues between parents and adolescents, with several causes given for this lack of communication. Thus, to facilitate effective communication on SRH issues, it is advised that sexual and reproductive health education should commence for adolescents and parents and kids in schools, homes, religious institutions, and health facilities based on the study's findings. To determine what influences, how well, and when parent-adolescent communication on sexuality occurs, further research needs to be done. Key words: Adolesents, youth, reproductive health, parent- adolescent/youth communicationItem Psychosocial Support and Interventions by Hospital Social Workers for End-Stage Renal Disease Patients: Case Study Menelik the II Referral Hospital, Addis Ababa(Addis Ababa University, 2024-11-01) Tinbit Minyashal; Tenagne Alemu (PhD)End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) is a critical health condition that significantly impacts patients' physical, emotional, and social well-being. Effective psychosocial support and interventions are essential in managing the comprehensive care needs of ESRD patients. This study aims to assess the role and intervention of hospital social workers in providing psychosocial support to ESRD patients at Menelik II Referral Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A qualitative data collection technique was employed. The study involved in-depth interviews with 10 ESRD patients receiving treatment at Menelik II Referral Hospital and two hospital social workers. Additionally, key informant interviews were conducted with four nurse professionals. The key informant study focused on the types and effectiveness of psychosocial support received by patients, while the in-depth interviews explored the social workers' perspectives on their roles, challenges, and the overall effectiveness of their interventions. The findings revealed that a significant proportion of ESRD patients received various forms of psychosocial support, including counseling, emotional support, and assistance with accessing financial and community resources. However, gaps were identified in the frequency and comprehensiveness of these interventions. Social workers reported challenges such as high caseloads, limited resources, and insufficient training in specialized psychosocial care for ESRD patients. Despite these challenges, patients generally expressed appreciation for the support received, highlighting improvements in their emotional well-being and coping strategies. Hospital social workers play a crucial role in providing psychosocial support to ESRD patients at Menelik II Referral Hospital. While the existing interventions are beneficial, there is a need for enhanced training, resources, and structured programs to improve the effectiveness and reach of psychosocial support. Addressing these gaps can lead to better patient outcomes and overall quality of life for ESRD patients Keywords: End Stage Renal Disease, Psychosocial Support, Hospital Social Workers, Menelik II Referral Hospital, Patient Care.Item Exploring the Chalenges of Visually Impaired Employees in Addis Ababa the Case of Arada, Kolfe Keranio and Gulele Sub Cities(Addis Ababa University, 2024-09-01) Wondosen Tesfaye; Mengistu Legesse (PhD)This study explored the challenges faced by visually impaired employees in the Arada, Kolfe Keranio, and Gulele sub-cities of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The research aimed to gain a deeper understanding of the challenges of visual impaired employees in their respective work place. The research utilized a qualitative approach, by using in-depth interviews with 15 purposely selected visually impaired employees, as well as 10 key informant interviewees who represented government offices, human resource departments, and disability organizations, as well as 24 FGDs participants. The collected data was analyzed using thematic analysis. The result of the study showed that visual impaired employees face unfair treatment in the workplace, employers often failed to provide necessary materials on time, lack of assistants and appropriate transportation and access to different facilities within the organizations. There are also some negative attitudes from other employees that affected their social participation. The participants also reported low salaries compared to non-visual employees. The research findings suggest that employers should adhere to the responsibilities outlined in Article 6 of Proclamation 568/2008, including promoting employment opportunities and removing barriers for persons with disabilities and others as stated by the Ministry of Innovation and Technology: attention must be given to assistive devices to support the visually impaired individuals to be more efficient and active in their job performance. Keywords: Visual impairment, employment, workplace challenges, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaItem Substance abuse among youth antecedents, consequences, and intention to stop: A case of three towns in Adea Berga Woreda(Addis Ababa University, 2024-04-01) Abera Diriba; Com.Demelash Kassaye (PhD)Concerning youth substance abuse, particularly in Africa and Ethiopia, was causing significant challenges for millions worldwide, including Adea Berga Woreda, who has also faced significant challenges. The aim of this study was to assess substance abuse among young people and identify its antecedents, consequences, and intention to stop among youths using substances in the three towns of Adea Berga Woreda. To achieve the objective of the study, this research adopted a descriptive research design and followed a mixed method of quantitative and qualitative approaches. In this study, convenience sampling was employed due to the lack of a complete list of substance abuse-related young people registered in the three towns other than the total of substance users. The process involved proportionately allocating the sample size to each town and continuing the sampling until the desired sample size of 256 was reached. . The necessary data collection and information for the study were conducted through structured questionnaires, observation, and in-depth interviews. Using descriptive statistics, the acquired data were analyzed using frequency distributions, percentages, graphs, and tables. The findings of this study showed that, among young people in the three towns of Adea Berga Woreda, the most commonly abused substances were alcohol (33.07%), chewing kchat (24.30%), smoking hashish (19.52%), smoking shisha (12.35%), cannabis (2.79%), and tobacco/cigarettes (2.39%). The results showed that alcohol, chewing kchat, and smoking hashish were the most highly abused substances by young people. The result demonstrates that youth’s main source of money to buy substances was the job creation office, which organized Dangote cement factories in small cement enterprises, earning enough money in their pockets every month without work. The main reasons participants increased substance use in the towns were Adea Berga Woreda's cement industries, the opportunity for young people organized in Dangote cement factories by small cement enterprises, earning enough money in their pockets every month without work, peer pressure, drug accessibility, poor parental supervision, and a lack of local police. According to the study, the majority of respondents to the in-depth interview stressed that the main consequences encountered by young people who abuse substances were various societal issues, impairments in physical well-being, and psychological, social, and behavioral problems. This study indicates that a significant proportion of youths expressed a high intention to quit substance abuse, indicating their awareness of the harmful effects of substance abuse and their desire to change their behavior. Based on the findings of the study, some possible recommendations were made for family, government, and the researcher.