Emergency Medicine
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Item Clinical presentation and management outcome in acute heart failure patients at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia(Addis Ababa University, 2023-06) Sintayehu,Melaku; Wubetie,Andualem (MSc); Tesfaye,Berhanu(MD)Background: - Acute heart failure is the most common cause of emergency presentation with dyspnoea. It is one of the common causes of emergency department mortality. Acute heart failure patients commonly presented with dyspnoea, orthopnoea and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea. Objective: - To assess the clinical presentation and management outcome of acute heart failure patients presented at emergency department of Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2023. Methods: - A hospital-based retrospective cross-sectional study design was employed with a total of 235 patients’ chart which was selected using a systematic random sampling technique. Data were entered into Epi Data version 4.6 and exported to SPSS version 27 for analysis. Binary logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with mortality of acute heart failure patients. And variables with p value< 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. The findings of study were presented using statements, tables, and figures. Results: A total of 235 patients’ medical record were reviewed. More than half 137(58.3%) of patients were females. The median age of the participants was 39 years (IQR 27 to 58). Emergency department mortality of AHF patients was 14% with 95% CI (9.4-18.7). Diastolic blood pressure less than 60 mmHg, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea, cardiogenic shock and comorbidity were significant factors associated with emergency department mortality of acute heart failure patent at p-value<0.05 with AOR (95% CI, 4.13, 1.5- 11.2), (95% CI,3.3, 1.3- 8.5), (95%CI, 6.4, 1.12-19.3), (95% CI, 4.8,1.3-18.2) respectively. Conclusion and Recommendation: This study showed that mortality in acute heart failure patients was high. Diastolic blood pressure less than 60 mmHg, presence of comorbid conditions and cardiogenic shock were significant factors associated with mortality in acute heart failure patients. Greater emphasis is recommended to reduce emergency department mortality of acute heart failure patients. Interventions related to acute heart failure mortalityfactors is recommended.Item Knowledge, attitude, practices, and associated factor of first aid services related to motorcycle accidents among motorcycle drivers in Dilla town, southern Ethiopia.(Addis Ababa University, 2023-06) Tilahun,Mesafint; Tuli,Wagari (MSc ); Kefyalew,Merahi(MD)Background: First aid is care provided initially to a sick or injured person using the resources available until professional medical assistance is available. As a result, the victim's suffering can be reduced until help arrives or until they can be transported to a health facility. It includes carefully chosen words of encouragement and expressions of a willingness to help. Motorcycles are used in developing countries to carry out practical tasks related to mobility, transportation, sport, and economic activity. My understanding is that there is little information about first aid knowledge, attitudes, and practices among motorcycle drivers in my study. Objective: This study aims to assess knowledge, attitude, practice and associated factors of first aid service related to motorcycle accidents among motorcycle drivers in Dilla town, southern Ethiopia, in 2023. Methods: The research was done in four randomly selected kebele in Dilla town using a community-based cross-sectional study design. The data gathered was entered into Epidata 4.6 and exported to SPSS 26 for coding, cleaning, and further analysis. Binary logistic regression was conducted to assess the association between dependent and independent variables. In bivariate analysis, variables with a p-value less than 0.25 are taken into multivariate analysis, and variables with a p-value less than 0.05 are declared statistically significant and reported by using an adjusted odd ratio with a 95% confidence interval. Results are presented through narrative texts, tables, and figures. Results: 272 respondents have participated in the study; the mean age of participants was 26.21 (SD 4.952). Respondents who scored equal and above the mean of 149 (54.8%) had good knowledge. Respondents who attended college or university were four times more knowledgeable than those who were not educated (AOR = 3.937; 95% CI: 1.175-13.194). Age is significantly associated with first aid practice. Study participants categorized in the age group >=33 were six times more likely to practice first aid than those in the age group under 17–24 (AOR=5.516:95%CI:1.756–17.325). Conclusion and Recommendation: The study found that almost half of the MC drivers have adequate knowledge of first aid. The majority of respondents believed that first aid was important, but their first aid practice was inadequate. First-aid practice was found to have a statistically significant relationship with age. First aid training should be given to all MC drivers to improve their knowledge of first aid. Although there is no licensure to drive and age is not restricted, all stakeholders promptly apply formally for licensure to drive a motorcycle as well as implement laws and precautions.Item Knowledge, Attitude and Associated factors towards Medication Error among Nurses Working at ICU in Public Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2023(Addis Ababa University, 2023-06) Endale,Miraf; Beza,Lemlem (PHD, Ass. Prof.)Background: Medication errors are a significant concern in healthcare and among the most prevalent types of medical errors. Medication errors can happen at any stage of the medication use process: prescribing, transcribing, dispensing, and administering, and they can jeopardize the lives of intensive care unit patients. In particular, these errors occur more frequently in intensive care unit settings due to their unique medical framework. Currently, little is known about the knowledge and attitudes of nurses working in the Ethiopian intensive care units regarding medication errors. Objective: The aim of the study was to assess knowledge, attitude and associated factors towards medication error among nurses working in intensive care unit at selected public hospital, Addis- Ababa, Ethiopia 2023 Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 122 randomly selected nurses working in the ICUs of selected public hospitals in Addis Ababa from March 15 to April 15 ,2023. The data collection tool was developed by reviewing relevant literature and BSc nurses who received training were responsible for data collection. The data was input into EPI-data version 4.6 before being cleaned and analyzed with the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 26 software. To summarizes the findings, descriptive statistics were utilized, and univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the relationship between the outcome variable and independent variables using the Odds ratio. The significance of statistical associations was tested with a 95% confidence interval (CI) and 𝑝-value (<0.05). Results were presented with text, graphs, figures, and tables. Result: The study involved 122 nurses. About 50.8% of the participants were male and the mean age was 30.16 SD± 3.455years. A significant proportion of the respondent (75.5%) didn’t have medication error reporting training before. This study showed that (n=72,59%) and (n=67,54.9) % of nurses had inadequate knowledge and positive attitude regarding medication error respectively. Training was strongly associated with adequate knowledge of the participant at p-value < 0.05 [AOR 2.688 ,95% CI (1.02,7.03)]). Sex [AOR 4.5, 95%CI (1.7,11.6)] and work experience [AOR 5.9 95%CI (2.1,16.5)] were strongly associated with the attitude of the participants at a p- value < 0.05. Conclusion and Recommendation: Nurses were shown to have inadequate knowledge and positive attitudes towards medication errors. However, there was a significant association between knowledge level and training. It is therefore recommended to provide in-service training for nurses to enhance their understanding of safe medication management and reporting of medication errors.Item Knowledge, practice and associated factors towards neonatal resuscitation among midwives working in delivery room of public health centers in Addis Ababa Ethiopia(Addis Ababa University, 2023-06) Yitayih,Tsegaye; Debebe, Finot (Asso. Prof.); Tdele,Achamyelesh (Asso. Prof.)Background: Neonatal resuscitation is simple and life-saving intervention for birth asphyxia, a leading cause of neonatal mortality. Worldwide, four million neonate deaths happen annually, and birth asphyxia accounts for one million deaths. Increasing providers’ knowledge of neonatal resuscitation and improving its practice is critical for delivering quality care and for morbidity and mortality reduction. Objective: To assess knowledge, practice and associated factors towards neonatal resuscitation among midwives working in delivery room of public health centers at Addis Ababa city, Ethiopia 2023. Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional study design was employed among 141 study population selected by simple random sampling method. Self-administered questionnaire and interview guide were used to collect data. Data was entered to Epidata 4.6 and exported to Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26 for analysis. The association between the dependent variable and independent variables were analyzed using binary logistic regression. Adjusted odds ratio with 95% CI was computed and variables with p-value ≤ 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Result: A total of 134 participants were included in the study with a response rate of 95%. Only 42.5% and 26.9 % of the participants had the appropriate level of knowledge and practice towards neonatal resuscitation respectively. Lack of training (AOD=2.47, 95% CI: 1.086-5.640, P-value=0.031), unavailability of guidelines (AOD=4.34, 95% CI: 1.78-10.59, P-value=0.001) and absence of supportive supervision (AOD=3.27, 95% CI: 1.38-7.74, P-value= 0.007) were significantly associated with poor knowledge. While educational level (AOD=3.34, 95% CI: 1- 11, P-value= 0.048), lack of training (AOD=3.32, 95% CI: 1.17-9.4, P-value= 0.024) and unavailability of guidelines (AOD=4.57, 95% CI: 1.47-14.12, P-value= 0.009) were significantly associated with poor practice. Conclusion and Recommendation: Overall knowledge and practice of midwives were inadequate. Strengthening training and supportive supervision needs to improve knowledge and practice of midwivesItem Burnout and Associated Factors Among Nurses Working in Intensive Care Units of Selected Public Hospitals of Addis Ababa,Ethiopia, 2023.(Addis Ababa University, 2023-06) Hailu,Yealemsew; Tuli,Wagari (BSc, MSc); Kebede,Sofia(MD)Introduction: Nurse burnout is a public health problem, with global prevalence estimates ranging from 15-60%. Intensive care unit nurses are exposed to much pressure from varying stressors in their environment. It is important to gain a greater understanding of burnout, since it may lead to poor patient care, poor communication with relatives, and high staff turnover. Despite this fact, there is a scarce of literature in developing countries, including Ethiopia. Objective: The objective of the study is to asses burnout and associated factors among nurses working in the intensive care unit of selected public hospitals in Addis Aaba, Ethiopia, 2023. Method: Institutional-based mixed methods were employed. All nurses who fillfiled the inclusion criteria and worked in the Intensive Care Unit of selected public hospitals were included in the study. The quantitative data was collected at randomly selected public hospitals and entered in to Epi data version 4.6, and analyzed using SPSS version 26.0. the qualitative data were collected by using in-depth nterviews and thematic analysis done manually to supplimet the quantitative results. Result: The mean age the respondents was 29.66±5.2 years. More than half 118(56.2%) of the study participants had worked in Intensive care unit for less than 2 years. The greater part 198(94.3%) of the study participants reported they had work overload in their working unit. 49 (23.3%) of the participants were found to have burnout syndrome. Among those, 33(15.7%) had high emotional exhaustion, 116(56.2%) experienced depersonalization and 56(26.7 %) of them had low personal achievements. Marital status(AOR 2.23; 95% CI, 1.03-4.80) and perceived quality of life( AOR, 3.34; 95% CI, 1.09-10.24) were independatly associated with burnout. Conclusion: Approximately one-quarter of Intensive care unit nurses have experienced burnout syndrome. The intention to leave Intensive care unit is also high. Marital status and perceived quality of life were found to be independently associated with the level of burnout. It is crucial to invest in burnout prevention actions and health promotion in critical care context.Item Perceived Nurse - Resident Communication in Patient Care and Associated Factors in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital Addis Ababa Ethiopia: Cross-Sectional Study(Addis Ababa University, 2024-01-12) Ayalew Abiy; Merahi KefyalewEffective communication between nursing staff and physicians/residents is essential in providing safe and effective care. Even if high-quality patient care is the goal of medicine and nursing, patients are dying and experiencing preventable complications because of poor nurse-physician communicationItem Outcome and Associated Factors of Acute Adult Poisoning in Emergency Department, Zewditu Memorial Hospital Addis Ababa(Addis Ababa University, 2024-01-05) Alemu Robel; Zewdu TigistAcute poisoning is a prevalent medical emergency around the world because a huge variety of substances and medications are widely accessible. Poisoning-related morbidity and mortality is becoming a major public health concern in many nations. Although it is well known that this public health issue is a pressing one in Ethiopia, the scope and magnitude of poisoning have yet to be thoroughly investigated.Item Length of stay and its associated factors among pediatric patients admitted to the pediatric emergency unit of Tikur Anbesa specialized hospital, Addis Ababa Ethiopia 2023(Addis Ababa University, 2023-01) Zeleke,Telayneh Addis; Tefera,Muluwork(MD, Ass.Prof.)Background: - The length of stay in the emergency department is described as the time between arriving at the emergency department and physically leaving the emergency department (discharge), being referred to another health facility, or being admitted to a hospital bed. Patient length of stay is a frequently used indicator of hospital performance and it is an important factor to hospital costs and has an effect on the health care system’s capacity. Objective: - To assess the length of stay and its associated factors among pediatric patients admitted to the pediatric emergency unit of Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2023 Methods and Materials: - Institution-based cross- sectional study design was conducted to assess the length of stay and its associated factors among pediatric patients admitted to the pediatric emergency unit of Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select the actual study participants. Semi-structured interviewer administered questionnaires and chart review was used to collect the data. After checking its completeness, it was analyzed by using SPSS software version 27. Binary and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to check variables associated with length of stay. Result: - A total of 268 patients participated in the study from the total sampled population with a response rate of 97.81%. Majority of the participants were male 157(58.6%) and their median age was 3 years. This study showed that 180(67.2%) of the participants had a prolonged length of stay. The rest were residency (AOR=2.040, CI:1.034-4.025, P=0.040) triage category (AOR=3.247, CI=1.085-9.742, P=0.036) type of diagnosis (AOR=0.192, CI=0.051-0.377, P=<0.001), number of investigations (AOR=2.381, CI=1.038-5.462, P= 0.041) and waiting for imaging (AOR= 4.230, CI= 1.638-10.929, P= 0.003) study were variables which significantly associated with the prolonged length of stay. Conclusion: - The finding of this study shows that a large number of pediatric patients stayed greater than 24 hours in the emergency room. Residency, tirage category, type of diagnosis, number of investigations and having imaging studies were significant factors that were associated with the prolonged length of stay.Item Magnitude of Emergency Surgical Interventions Delay for Acute Abdomen and its Associated Patient and Hospital-Related Factors in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital(Addis Ababa University, 2024-01-11) Solomon Edom; Gezahegn DemmelashAcute abdomen surgeries require immediate attention and treatment. Delay of emergency surgical interventions results in increased mortality rates and healthcare costs, prolonged hospital stays, and poor patient outcomes. Understanding the magnitude and related factors of this delay in management can help in improving patients’ outcomes, shorten the length of stay, and minimize the burden in emergency roomsItem Knowledge and Practice of Essential Burn Care among Health Professionals working in Health Centers in Addis Ababa.(Addis Ababa University, 2024-01-17) Ameha Edom; Beyene TemesgenBurn has been described by the World Health Organization as the ‘forgotten global public health crisis’. Although, there has been many efforts to control this crisis by many organizations, treatment is frequently delayed, inappropriate, and inadequate.Item The Level of Job Satisfaction and Factors Affecting Job Satisfaction of Emergency Medicine Residents in Ethiopia: a Crosssectional Study from October- November, 2023(Addis Ababa University, 2024-04-05) Tilahun Eskahun; Boru YaredHuman resources are a very important component of a health system for delivering health services, and health institutions system will have difficulty to function effectively without having a well-supported health workers who are also sufficient in numbers, well trained, and motivated. Job satisfaction of employees can be defined as the level to which employees have a positive feeling towards global or specific aspect of job of an organization is a very important aspect in the health system.Item Assessment of Knowledge, Practice and Barriers on the Need of Early Mobilization of Intensive Care Unit Patients Among Nurses Working in Selected Public Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 2024(Addis Ababa University, 2024-06) Getnet Gebremariam; ANDUALEMEarly mobilization is the physical activity performed on ICU patients as early as the second to fifth days of ICU admission due to their critical illness. Most of ICU admitted patient develops many complications which are not related to their primary diagnosis. EM improves the patient's physiological functioning, reduce length of stay, and improve mechanical ventilator weaning. Despite its importance, the early mobility procedure is not performed in most ICU settings. The main problem is related to the knowledge and practice of health care providers towards early mobility for ICU patients.Item Emergency Admission Among Cardiovascular Disease Patients; Outcome, Risk Factors and Drug-Related Admission, at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a Prospective Observational Study(Addis Ababa University, 2024-02-15) Husein Hikma; Ayalew EskinderIn Ethiopia, the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases is rising, with varying prevalence from 1 to 20 percent across the nation. Moreover, drug-related hospital admissions are a common issue among these patients because of the greater number of medications required, the multiple issues caused by cardiovascular illnesses, and the usage of pharmaceuticals with a limited therapeutic indexItem Clinical Profile & Mortality of Louse-Borne Relapsing Fever Among Patients Seen at Zewditu Memorial Hospital and Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital from July 2022 To July 2023 -Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Retrospective Chart Review(Addis Ababa University, 2024-01-13) Zenebe KalkidanRelapsing fever is a vector-born acute recurrent febrile illness caused by Borrelia recurrentis. LBRF is an important re-emerging disease that remains a significant public health concern globally but is currently prevalent in developing countries like the highlands of Ethiopia, Kenya, and Sudan, however, there is limited research on relapsing fever, therefore, it is to assess the clinical profile, and mortality rate in patients with relapsing fever in Addis Ababa.Item Assessment of the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice on Universal Precaution among Emergency Medicine Professionals in Emergency Room Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital,AAU,Ethiopia,2013,G.C.(Addis Ababa University, 2013-01) Alemayehu, Afework; Seme, Assefa(MD, MPH, Ass. Professor); Azazh, Aklilu (MD, Internist, Emergency Medicine & Critical Care Physician)Background employing universal precautions means taking precautions with everybody. If precautions are taken with everyone, health care workers do not have to make assumptions about people's lifestyles and risk of infection. Objectives: The main objective of the study was, to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices about universal precautions among emergency medical professionals and factors associated with its practice in emergency unit. Methods: This hospital based cross sectional descriptive survey was conducted in Tikur Anbessa Specialized hospital, AAU from February through June 2013. The study was carried out using a structured questionnaire which was self-administered to all emergency medicine personnel after preliminary introduction at a plenary session. The study was use both quantitative (which was self-administered) & qualitative(to which an Observation check-list was used to observe whether or not the staff members involved in patient management is using an appropriate technique and timing as per the set guideline) methods. Data was entered, cleaned and analyzed using SPSS for Windows version 16. Frequencies, percentage and graphs was used for descriptive purposes. Study period –study period was from February 2013 to June 2013.The total budget for the accomplishing of this study was 18,465.50 ETB. Results-Only 15(24.6%) of the respondents know the presence of anti HIV prophylaxis after sustaining needle stick or sharp injuries while 46 (75.4%) didn’t know. The respondents who had perceived risk of acquiring HIV infection from their health facility waste, when disposed improperly, 2 said the risk would be for HCW, 3 for supportive staff, 40 (65.6%) for both health professionals & supportive staff and 8 said would be for Health Professionals, Supportive staff, the client / patient & the community. Among the emergency medicine professionals 36(59%) perceived that oxygen delivery materials like mask, nasal cannula & prong can be reusable whereas 25(41%) perceived as this materials can’t be reused. Concerning needle recapping after use, 51(83.6%) the respondents perceived that it should not be recapped and the remaining 10(16.4%) were said should be recapped after use. Discussion-Poor hand washing practice by emergency medicine professionals were found before and after touching the patients were found. Emergency medicine professionals were not properly handling, and disposing used Needle/sharp materials in the study area. Personal protective devices particularly mask and eye goggles, boots etc. were not available during the survey.Item Prevalence & Predicting Factors of Workplace Violence Against Emergency Department Healthcare Workers in Public Hospitals in Addis Ababa: A Cross-sectional Study(Addis Abeba University, 2021-11) Gurara,Kalkidan Kebede; Prof.Azazh, Aklilu(MD, Professor of Emergency & Critical Care Medicine); Dr.Kefyalew, Merahi(MD, Assistant Professor of Emergency & Critical Care Medicine)Background Workplace violence is a pervasive problem among the healthcare sector worldwide and the Emergency department is one of the highest affected settings. Workplace violence (WPV) not only affects the performance of healthcare providers, but also leads to acute and chronic physical and psychological consequences which could lead to burnout, decreased work satisfaction, and the decision to leave the profession. There are few studies published that were done in different settings in Ethiopia that explored the prevalence of WPV but none was done in hospitals in Addis Ababa. Objective The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence and predicting factors of workplace violence against healthcare workers practicing at various levels of hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods A prospective cross-sectional study was performed at three selected public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data regarding sociodemographic information, exposure to physical, psychological violence, and sexual harassment. Data were entered using SPSS Version 26 for coding and analysis. Summary statistics, descriptive statistics, chi-square, and Fisher’s Exact tests, and binary logistic regression were used to analyze independent variables’ association with workplace violence among ED staff. Results A total of 161 participants were included in the study. The 12-month prevalence of workplace violence was 80.7%. Of the 161 participants, 45% were physically attacked, 73% were verbally attacked and 19.3% experienced sexual harassment. Being an emergency resident was found to have a statistically significant association with exposure to WPV. Regarding the specific types of WPV, sexual harassment was found to be associated with gender and working outside regular hours. Consequences to victims of workplace violence were both physical and psychological and included injuries that required formal treatment, time is taken off work, and symptoms of anxiety, alertness, and avoidance of thinking of the incident. Conclusion There is a significantly high prevalence of WPV among emergency healthcare workers. There is a pattern of low reporting of incidents. Efforts need to be made towards making reporting procedures available and accessible to emergency healthcare workers.Item Knowledge Attitude and Practice of Disaster Preparedness among Health Professionals Working in the Adult Emergency Department, at two Teaching Hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2021.(Addis Abeba University, 2021-03) Nakachew, Yonas; Dr.Engida, Hywet (MD, Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine); Dr.Gezahegn, Demmelashhegn (MD, Assistant Professor of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine)Background: Disasters lead to loss of property and disrupted infrastructure, and slow societal development worldwide. Every year, natural and man-made disasters destroy and displace lives, and the frequency of disasters strike has increased over the past 50 years. Despite that, for most national authorities developing culture of preparedness remained a challenge. And very little has so far been done in Ethiopia in the area of disaster preparedness. Objective: The main aim of this study is to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of disaster preparedness among health professionals working in the emergency department, at two institutional teaching hospitals of Addis Ababa. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among ED health professionals at two institutional teaching hospitals of Addis Ababa. Data was collected using self-administered questioners. SPSS version 26 was used for data analysis and Bivariate and multivariate analysis was employed. Result: A total of 197 health professionals included in the analysis. Majority of the participants were staff nurses 143 (72.6%) and the rest were physicians. About 58.6 % of participants were male and the mean age was 29.34 years. A significant proportion of the respondent (70.6%) didn’t have disaster management training before and 48.7% of the respondent didn’t know their hospital had disaster plan. They have overall low knowledge level (53.3%), positive attitude (91.9%) and inadequate practice (59.4%). Educational level, previously attended disaster training, working hospital and gender was strongly associated with knowledge of the participant at p-value < 0.05. Year of ED work experience, working hospital and previously attended disaster training, was strongly associated with practice of the participants at p- value of < 0.05. Conclusion: Despite their positive attitude towards disaster and emergency preparedness, health professional’s knowledge and practice level seems poor. Based on this finding, it is very essential that the health professionals receive the adequate knowledge and skill necessary to improve outcomes following a disaster.Item Retrospective Study of the Clinical Trend of Patients with Mild Head Injury Presented to Tikur anbesa Specialized Hospital Emergency Room(Addis Abeba University, 2021-10) Wondafrash, Yegeta; Dr. Beyene, Temesgen(M.D, Emergency Medicine And Critical Care); Dr.Feleke, Yohannes(M.D,Emergency Medicine And Critical Care)Background-Clinical information collected at baseline can be useful in knowing the clinical trends of mild head injury. One of the constraints of managing mild head injury patients is the availability and proper use of computed tomography scans. This clinical trend can be used to identify patients who need imaging after mild head injury. As a sub analysis, we compared the Canadian head computed tomography rule with the New Orleans criteria to select patients who need computed tomography scans for Ethiopian mild head injury patients. Objective- The objective of this study is to see the clinical trends and computed tomography scan findings of mild head injury patients. Method- A retrospective observational study of adult mild head injury patients who were seen at the Tikur anbesa specialized hospital. emergency room from December 2018 to July 2021. The study population was adult mild head injury patients who got head computed tomography scans after evaluation at the Tikur anbesa specialized hospital emergency room. The data will be collected from patients' charts using a structured checklist prepared by the investigator. SPSS software version 26 was used. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with abnormal CT scan findings. Pvalue < 0.05 was used to declare statistical significance. Result- patients met the criteria for this study and analyzed. The highest frequency of head injury occurred in the 20 to 29 age group (49.2%). The incidence of mild head injury was higher in males 166(86%). mild head injury patient tends to come slightly more at night shift (51%). the most common referral source was self-referral (39.9%). The number of abnormal CT scan findings seen was 58(30.1%). The most common CT scan finding was skull fracture 44(75.8%). sensitivity of CCHR and NOC rule is 100% and CCHR has higher specificity than NOC rule. Being male, regional referral source, tachycardia, and falling down mechanism of injury were found to be a predictor of abnormal CT scan findings. Conclusion: The clinical trends of MHI patient is very important to determine the eligibility of mild head injury patients for CT scan.Item The Magnitude of Pityriasis Rosea: A Retrospective analysis of Data Records at Alert hospital Dermatology Clinic, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia of Case Seen from January 2018 to December 2020.(Addis Abeba University, 2021-11) W, Meron; Dr.Legese, Yosef(MD,Dermatosurgeon,Assistant Professor); Dr. Lakew, Bezawit(MD,Dermatovenrologist,Assistant Professor)BACKGROUND Pityriasis Rosea is an acute self-limiting papulosquamous skin disorder commonly observed in otherwise healthy children and young adult. In 15–90% of cases, typical PR begins with a medallion-like erythematous plaque, called a herald patch,followed by a secondary eruption consisting of smaller scaly papulosquamous lesions on the cleavage lines of the trunk, These secondary lesions take the shape of a Christmas tree when they are arranged along the Langer’s lines on the back it appears in crops at intervals of a few days and reaches its maximum in about 2 weeks OBJECTIVE To assess the magnitude of pityriasis rosea from medical records of patients attended dermatovenerology OPD at ALERT center from 2018-2020 G.C METHOD Hospital-based retrospective, descriptive study was conducted on all medical records of patients who attended a department of dermatovenerology OPD at ALERT center from December 2018 to January 2020,the study period was from June-August 2021. RESULT One hundred forty-eight patients presented with pityriasis rosea. mean age at presentation was 19.48 and Male to Female ratio 1:1.19 peak cases were seen in January .forty-three of the patients were present within weeks. herald patch was present in 18.2% of the patients. the trunk was the commonest affected site and itching was present in 70 patients and it was mild in the majority. 40.5% of the patients were treated with the topical steroids. CONCLUSION The study has shown the magnitude of pityriasis rosea was 0.26% with female predominance .most of them present from January to June. The majority of them had one visitItem Evaluation of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Residents’ Accuracy in Electrocardiogram Interpretation in Addis Ababa Ethiopia: A cross-Sectional Study(Addis Abeba University, 2021-10) Tesfaye, Meron; Dr.Zewdu, Tigest(Assistant professor of emergency and critical care medicine); Dr.Gezahagne, Demelash(Assistant professor of emergency and critical care medicine)Background: Electrocardiogram is the diagrammatic representation of the heart’s electrical activity. Which can detect life-threatening conditions within minutes. It’s one of the major investigative modalities that emergency physicians should be accurate at. The accuracy of emergency residents varies from country to country with improvement in interpretation as the year of residency increases. there are no published papers in ECG interpretation among emergency residents up until now but a study which was done on graduating medical students show low competency. Objective: To assess the accuracy of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine residents in ECG interpretation in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital and Saint Paul Millennium Medical College. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on emergency and critical care medicine residents of Tikur Anbessa specialized hospital and Saint Paul millennium medical college. Data were collected from April 2021 to September 2021 by using a structured questionnaire. Data were entered, cleaned, edited, and analyzed by using SPSS version 26.0 statistical analysis software. Descriptive statistics and bivariate and multivariate binary logistic regression were used to analyze the data. Results: Fifty-seven emergency and critical care medicine residents were able to participate in this study out of which 33 (57.9%) were from Addis Ababa University and 24 (42.1%) were from saint Paul millennium medical college. The average score of EMCC residents on the interpretation of the ECGs was 29.5%. Only ten residents (17%) were able to correctly interpret >50% of the ECGs. most of the residents who participated in this study were year 1 residents (49.1%) followed by year 2 residents (31.2%). Out of 15 ECG abnormalities, the commonly identified ones were polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (64.9%), normal sinus rhythm (49.1%), and double chamber pacemaker (45.6%). Year of residency (AOR 3.34, 95% CI: 1.1,10.2) was found to be significantly associated with higher performance in ECG interpretation. Conclusion According to this study emergency medicine and critical care residents have low accuracy in interpretation of ECG which is comparable to a study which was done in South Africa and Australia.