Clinical Profile and Management Outcome of Birth ASPHYXIA Among Neonates Admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Selected Public Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia,2023.
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Date
2023-06
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Background: Birth asphyxia is one of the leading causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality in
developing countries. It is a condition that continues to concern physicians, patients, and
attorneys. It accounts for more than 80% of neonatal deaths, along with prematurity and neonatal
sepsis. It is defined as a lack of oxygen around the time of birth that can be caused by several
perinatal events. This medical condition affects approximately four million neonates worldwide
each year, killing one million of them. Most infants recover successfully from hypoxia episodes;
however, some patients may develop Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy, resulting in permanent
neurological impairment of various organs and systems.
Objective: To assess the clinical profile and outcome of birth asphyxia among neonates
admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit at a selected governmental hospital in Addis Ababa,
Ethiopia. 2023.
Method: A facility-based retrospective study was conducted. The data was collected by using
a structured checklist from delivery records of selected governmental hospitals and then checked,
coded, and entered into Epi Data Software version 4.6 before being exported and analyzed by
SPSS version 26 software. Categorical data were summarized using frequency and percentages.
A continuous variable was explained by using the mean, and standard deviation. Binary and
multivariate logistic regression was used. The results were presented using tables, figures.
Result: A total of 256 documents were reviewed. 7 (0.3%) documents were incomplete. The
majority of maternal age was between the age groups of 15–25 accounting for 1166 (45.3%) and
the residency of 180 (70.3%) were in Addis Ababa. The majority of neonates, 194 (75.8%), have
normal birth weight (2500–3999 g); 103 (40.2%) of neonates developed stage I HIE; 105
(41.0%) developed stage II HIE; and the rest developed stage III HIE. The mortality rate of the
neonate admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit with birth asphyxia was 23%. Associated
factors related to neonatal mortality at p < 0.05 were HIE stage II AOR 4.09 (95% CI, 1.49,
14.61), HIE stage III 22.05 (95% CI, 5.35, 90.82), neonates with low birth weight (500–2499 g)
4.58 (95% CI = 1.83–11.50), and neonates who need CPAP 4.63 (95% CI = 2.02, 10.60).
Conclusion: This study showed higher mortality of birth asphyxia. The mortality of the
newborn admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit a has significant association with HIE II,
HIE grade III, low birth weight, and the neonate required CPAP.
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Keywords
Birth asphyxia, clinical profile, neonatal intensive care unit, outcome