Social Psychology
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Item Level of Emotional Intelligence and Achievement Motivation among Students of Two Selected High schools, Gulele Sub-City, Addis Ababa(Addis Ababa University, 2024-10) Ayesha Selman; Mulat Asnake (PhD)This study investigated the relationship between emotional intelligence and achievement motivation among students of two selected high schools in gulele sub city, Addis Ababa. The research aimed to assess emotional intelligence and achievement motivation levels, examine their correlation, and compare them across gender, grade level, and family income. A survey research design was employed to collect data from 365 grade 9 and 10 students from two high schools in Gulele sub city, Addis Ababa, using stratified sampling. Self-administered questionnaires were used to gather data on emotional intelligence (Assessing Emotions Scale) and achievement motivation (Achievement Motives Scale). The collected data was analyzed using SPSS version 26. Overall, students demonstrated high emotional intelligence levels (mean score = 122.06) and a moderate level of achievement motivation (68.8% scored in the moderate range). Moreover, a significant positive correlation (r = .347, p < .001)was identified between emotional intelligence and achievement motivation, suggesting that higher emotional intelligence is associated with greater achievement motivation. Furthermore, Family income significantly influenced emotional intelligence levels. While no significant differences were found between genders or grade levels.Regarding achievement motivation levels of students, females demonstrated slightly higher achievement motivation scores. The study emphasizes the importance of fostering emotional intelligence development in educational settings. Schools can integrate emotional intelligence into the curriculum, create supportive learning environments, and provide teacher training to equip students with essential skills for achievement. Future research is needed to examine the long-term implications of emotional intelligence and determine effective approaches for its development in Ethiopian schools. likewise, Parents can foster emotional intelligence in their children by modeling emotional regulation, empathy, and effective communication, setting realistic expectations, and encouraging a growth mindset.Item Refugee Communities’ Intentional Mental Health Service Help Seeking at Bambasi Refugee Camp in Benshangul Gumuz Regional State, Ethiopia(Addis Ababa University, 2024-10) Bezanesh Esubalew; AbebaW M. (PhD)The primary objective of this study is to analyze the intentional help-seeking behaviors for mental health services among refugee communities at the Bambasi Refugee Camp in the Benishangul Gumuz Regional State, Ethiopia. The research employs a Descriptive research design with mixed-research approach, incorporating interviews, focus group discussions (FGDs), and observational techniques to gather comprehensive data from 325 respondents, who are members of the refugee community residing in the camp. The study involved in-depth interviews and FGDs to explore the attitudes and perceptions of refugees regarding mental health services. Observational methods were also utilized to contextualize the findings within the camp environment. Data collected from these sources revealed significant insights into the comfort levels of refugees when discussing mental health issues with healthcare providers, their awareness of available services, and the impact of stigma and cultural beliefs on their help-seeking behaviors. The conclusion highlight the necessity of fostering an environment where refugees feel comfortable addressing mental health concerns, as well as the importance of overcoming language barriers and addressing stigma. Recommendations for enhancing mental health service delivery in the camp include raising awareness about available services, providing cultural competence training for healthcare providers, integrating mental health services into existing community programs, and actively involving community leaders in the planning process. By addressing these barriers and understanding cultural influences, the study underscores the potential for improved mental well-being among refugees in the Bambasi Refugee Camp. Keywords: Refugee communities, intentional mental health service, help-seeking behaviors, Bambasi refugee camp, Benishangul Gumuz Regional State, EthiopiaItem Exploring the Psychosocial Impacts of Behavioral Addiction: A Study on Football Betting in Addis Ababa(Addis Ababa University, 2024-10) Eden Alebachew; Sewalem Tsega (PhD)The purpose of this research is to examine the psychosocial impacts of football betting within Addis Ababa, focusing on its psychological, social, and economic effects. Behavioral addiction to football betting is an emerging concern, paralleling substance dependencies with significant implications for mental health, societal relations, and personal well-being. This study addresses a critical gap, investigating these impacts through a qualitative approach, employing in-depth interviews and surveys. Data was collected from 72 participants, with 69 valid responses, providing a significanct understanding of how football betting influences individual and community dynamics. The analysis reveals profound psychological effects including addiction, anxiety, and mood disturbances, while social impacts manifest as strained relationships and increased isolation. Economically, bettors face instability, debt, and significant financial distress, impacting familial resources. Moreover, workplace productivity suffers due to gambling-related distractions. Key findings emphasize the urgent need for comprehensive interventions. Recommendations include implementing mental health programs focusing on cognitive-behavioral strategies, enhancing community support networks, developing financial literacy initiatives, and promoting workplace policies that address gambling's impact on productivity. Future research should explore the role of digital platforms in gambling behaviors and investigate culturally tailored strategies to address these challenges, encompassing diverse demographic and geographic contexts. Key words: Football betting, psychosocial impacts, addiction, community engagement, financial educatItem Parents’ Attitude Towards Mobile Game Usage, Addiction and Its Impact on the Psychosocial Behavior of Children: The Case of Flipper International School(Addis Ababa University, 2024-10) Tsion Zeru; Abera Tibebu (PhD)This descriptive study examined parents' attitudes toward the negative impact of mobile game addiction on the psycho social behavior of children aged 6 to 12 years at Flipper International School. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the research integrated quantitative data from 164 parents, selected through simple random sampling, with qualitative insights from interviews with 11 parents. The study found that a substantial portion of parents (48.7%) reported their children played mobile games daily or multiple times a day, with 43.3% engaging in sessions lasting more than one hour and thirty minutes. Significant emotional responses were noted, as 55.5% of children became upset when asked to stop playing. Persistent gaming desires were evident, with 82% of children frequently expressing a desire to play, and 57.9% of parents observed behavioral or mood changes post-gaming. High levels of mobile gaming interfered with daily activities for 58.6% of children, and more than 60% of parents reported their children lying about their gaming time. The study‟s findings, including a high mean score for gaming-related thoughts and behaviors, indicated a notable prevalence of mobile game addiction, with no respondents falling into the low addiction category. The results underscored the need for balanced management strategies, emphasizing parental involvement and structured gaming habits to mitigate the potential negative effects of mobile gaming on children's psychosomatic development.Item The Impact of Parents' Socioeconomic Status, Parents’ Attitude towards education, and Parenting Style on Sixth-Grade Students' Academic Performance in Ministry Exams in Addis Ababa(Addis Ababa University, 2024-09) Yosef Daniel; Tamirie Andualem (PhD)The main aim of the study was to examine the influence of parental characteristics, specifically parenting style, parents attitude toward education, and socioeconomic status (SES), on students' academic achievement. The research adopted a quantitative research approach. In this research connivence sampling technique was implemented to identify the 4 schools from which 275 participants were selected from. The stratified sampling technique was used to determine samples from the target population. The validity and reliability of the instruments was ensured through pretesting and triangulations. SPSS v27 was used to analyze data, both descriptive and thematic analysis were used. Pearson's correlation and linear regression techniques were employed to assess the effects of parental characteristics on academic performance. The findings indicate that parenting style (p = 0.00) and parents' attitude towards education (β = 2.57, p = 0.00) significantly impact students' academic performance. Moreover, parental level of education, and income, but not parents' occupation, were also found to significantly affect students' academic performance. Specifically, authoritative parenting approaches, positive attitudes toward learning, higher parental educational attainment, and increased household income positively shape students' educational experiences. These findings suggest that interventions aimed at promoting authoritative parenting practices, fostering positive parental attitudes toward education, and addressing socioeconomic disparities in education could be effective in improving students' academic outcomes. Recommendations include the development and implementation of comprehensive parenting programs and policies that target these key factors. Keywords: Parenting Style, Attitude towards Education, Parental SES, Addis Ababa.Item The Contribution of Self Help Group Programming to the Holistic Empowerment of Women: The Case of Two Selected NGOs Working on Community Empowerment Projects(Addis Ababa University, 2024-09) Amanuel Kursie; Belay Tefera (PhD)This research investigates the multifaceted contribution of Self-Help Groups (SHGs) on women's holistic empowerment. To understand this complex phenomenon, data was collected from 40 women participants using a qualitative approach, including semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, document review, and participant observation. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with individual participants to explore their personal experiences and perspectives. Focus group discussions were held to understand group dynamics and shared experiences. Participant observation was utilized to capture behaviors, interactions, and cultural practices within SHG settings. Key findings reveal that SHGs significantly contribute to women's economic empowerment by fostering savings, providing access to financial resources, and equipping women with necessary skills. Furthermore, SHGs empower women to negotiate better prices for their products and services, increasing their income and improving their livelihoods. Beyond economic empowerment, SHGs foster social empowerment by creating supportive networks, promoting community engagement, and challenging harmful gender norms. SHGs also play a crucial role in political empowerment by providing women with a platform to participate in decision-making processes, develop leadership skills, and advocate for their rights. Moreover, SHGs contribute to women's psychological empowerment by enhancing self-efficacy, fostering resilience, and providing a supportive environment. It can then be concluded that SHGs immensely contributes to women’s holistic empowerment. The study offers valuable insights for policymakers and practitioners working to promote women's holistic empowerment through SHGs and other community-based initiatives.Item The Psychology of Social Media Influence in Addis Ababa: An Analysis of Influencer Experiences, Strategies and Effectiveness(Addis Ababa University, 2024-11) Amanuel Melaku; Belay Tefera (PhD)This study investigates the experiences, strategies, and effectiveness of social media influencers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, focusing on their role as marketing agents within a culturally unique and digitally evolving environment. Employing a sequential exploratory mixed-methods design, the research integrates qualitative insights from 22 semi-structured interviews with influencers and quantitative evaluations from 50 structured questionnaires distributed to businesses that have engaged in influencer collaborations. The findings reveal that influencers leverage authenticity, cultural relevance, and audience engagement to build trust and credibility, aligning with psychological frameworks such as Cialdini’s principles of influence, Social Identity Theory, and the Elaboration Likelihood Model. Influencers in Addis Ababa emphasize the use of personal storytelling, local language, and cultural symbols to foster relatability and group identity, addressing the unique socio-cultural expectations of Ethiopian audiences. Quantitative results underscore the effectiveness of these strategies in driving brand visibility, audience engagement, and positive ROI for businesses, though challenges such as balancing authenticity with commercial goals were identified. This study contributes to the growing literature on influencer marketing in non-Western contexts, offering actionable insights for influencers and marketers while expanding theoretical applications in social psychology. The research underscores the importance of adapting global digital marketing strategies to local cultural dynamics and provides practical recommendations for enhancing the effectiveness and ethical standards of influencer marketing in Ethiopia. It also identifies areas for future research, including the exploration of audience perspectives and the role of influencers in other emerging markets. Keywords: influencer marketing, social media, audience compliance, cultural adaptation, social psychology, Addis AbabaItem The Experiences of Stigma and Coping Mechanisms among Intimate Partner Violence Survivors in Kolfe Keranio Sub-city, Addis Ababa(Addis Ababa University, 2024-05) Birtukan Seid; Habtamu Wondimu (Prof.)Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a global public health concern and a serious violation of human rights that refers to any behavior by current or ex-intimate partner resulting with any harm. IPV survivors face additional victimization when they reach out for help called stigma (mark of disgrace) that hinders their help seeking and recovery process. As there is limited empirical evidence documenting IPV related stigma in Ethiopia, the aim of this study was to investigate the experience of IPV stigma, its contributing factors and coping mechanisms among IPV survivors in Kolfe Keranio sub-city of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The study employed a mixed method cross-sectional study design. The study involved 221 IPV survivor women to investigate the experience of stigma using structured questionnaire and their coping mechanisms using semi-structured questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency, mean, standard deviation, One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), T-test and Regression Analysis. The study revealed that 44.3% of IPV survivors experienced at least one type of IPV stigma. Perpetrator stigma was the most common IPV stigma faced by about 73% of IPV survivors, followed by Isolation (62.4%). The prevalence of anticipated stigma was 29.9% and Internalized IPV stigma was 38.5%. As to their abusive experience coping, 76% of them used help and support seeking as a coping strategy for their stigma experience. Age of IPV survivors, type of relationship with the abuser, duration of abuse and experiencing physical abuse have shown a significant mean difference on the level of stigma experience across different categories. In addition, different social, institutional, and cultural factors were identified affecting the level of stigma experience. In conclusion, IPV stigma was a major challenge faced by many IPV survivors. Keywords: Intimate Partner Violence, IPV stigma, stigma types, coping strategies, stigma effect and help seeking.Item Teachers’ Perception of Effective Leaders in Selected Private Secondary Schools of Addis Ababa.(Addis Ababa University, 2024-10) Lidiya Tarekegn; Teka Zewdie (PhD)This study investigates teachers' perceptions of leadership effectiveness in secondary schools in Addis Ababa, aiming to offer insights for improving leadership practices and fostering a positive school environment. Through exploring four research questions, the study examines how teachers perceive leadership provided by principals or headmasters, the specific leadership qualities deemed effective in enhancing job satisfaction and performance, the impact of leadership on school improvement initiatives, and teachers' involvement in decision-making processes. Data was collected from 190 participants across five governmental secondary schools, comprising 100 male and 90 female respondents. The findings reveal a lack of consensus among teachers regarding the importance of certain leadership qualities. While some perceive leaders to have a passion for subjects being studied, others disagree or remain undecided. The study suggests that effective school leadership encompasses visionary qualities, access to community resources, data-driven decision-making, and cultural competence, all contributing to teacher and student success. However, there is a lack of agreement among respondents on how effectively leaders address problems, manage facilities, and utilize financial resources. ANOVA analysis indicates no significant differences in teachers' perceptions of leadership attributes across various demographic groups, suggesting consistency in these perceptions regardless of factors like experience, age, gender, or educational background. These findings offer valuable insights for leadership development programs and can guide school leaders in enhancing their effectiveness to promote positive outcomes for teachers and students. By focusing on these key dimensions of leadership effectiveness, school leaders can empower their school community towards academic excellence and a positive school culture. Implement initiatives to increase transparency in leadership practices, such as regular updates on school performance and decision-making processes. By addressing these recommendations, school leaders can create a more supportive, cohesive, and effective educational environment that fosters teacher and student success.Item Social Support, Resilience and Psychological Distress, Among Refugees: The Case of Alemwach Refugee Camp in North Gonder, Ethiopia(Addis Ababa University, 2024-11) Mahlet Amare; Mitiku Hambisa (PhD)This study investigated the relationship between psychological distress, social support, and resilience among refugees in the Alemwach refugee camp in North Gondar, Ethiopia. Different literatures related with psychological distress, social support, and resilience was widely discussed in relation to the research objective. The research used quantitative research approach with descriptive and inferential data analysis using a quantitative research approach. A simple random sampling technique was used to select questionnaire respondents, while convenience sampling was applied for interviews. Data were collected using the Kessler K10 scale for psychological distress, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and the Multidimensional Cognitive Social Support Scale. Out of 384 distributed questionnaires, 369 were completed, resulting in a 96% response rate, with data analyzed using SPSS version 24. The findings revealed that 30.4% of refugees reported high social support, 40.5% reported moderate support, and 26.1% reported low support levels. In terms of resilience, 68.28% exhibited high resilience, 23.03% showed moderate resilience and 8.13% had low resilience. Regarding psychological distress, 2.4% experienced severe distress, 45% mild distress, 15.5% moderate distress, and 37.1% low distress. A significant negative correlation was found between psychological distress and social support (r = -0.342**, p = 0.00), indicating that higher social support is associated with lower psychological distress; conversely, psychological distress is positively correlated with resilience, while social support is also positively related to resilience. Gender and age differences were observed, with females and younger refugees experiencing higher psychological distress compared to males and older refugees who reported greater resilience and social support. The study recommends that enhancing social support networks and fostering resilience are essential for reducing psychological distress among refugees, recommending initiatives such as resilience training programs, hiring more mental health professionals, addressing gender-specific needs, promoting community-led initiatives, and improving collaboration among humanitarian organizations. Key words: psychological distress, Refugees, Resilience, social supportItem The Prevalence, Challenges and Coping Strategies of Children experienced labor exploitation in some Selected Sub Cities of Addis Ababa(Addis Ababa University, 2024-10) Mogoss Mekonnen; Dame Abera (PhD)This study investigates the prevalence of child labor, the associated challenges and coping strategies in the Akaky Kaliti and Gullele sub-cities of Addis Ababa. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, data were gathered from 300 participants 288 through structured questionnaires for quantitative analysis and 12 through unstructured interviews for qualitative insights. Quantitative data, analyzed using SPSS, revealed a high prevalence of child labor, with 52.1% of children aged 8-14 engaged in work, particularly in Akaki Kaliti. Among these children, 98% reported facing significant challenges, including physical injuries, social isolation, financial strain, and limited healthcare access, highlighting considerable impacts on their health, social integration, and education. In response to these conditions, children employ various coping strategies, such as changing workplaces, seeking social support, and temporarily leaving their jobs during periods of acute stress or injury. These strategies reflect both resilience and the constraints of their socio-economic environment, pointing to broader systemic gaps in child welfare protections. Based on these findings the study recommends stronger enforcement of existing child protection laws and policies in line with international standards. Additionally, it advocates for the development of targeted support services to address the specific needs of working children, including healthcare access, educational support, and community-based initiatives that offer both material aid and psychosocial support. These measures aim to safeguard children’s well-being and promote their rights within the broader context of social development.Item Investigation of the Relationship between Spiritual Wellbeing and Perceived Ethnic Discrimination among Emerging Adults at College of Business and Economics, Addis Ababa University(Addis Ababa University, 2024-10) Theodros Asrat; Habtamu Wondimu (Prof.)This cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between Spiritual Well-being (SWB) and Perceived Ethnic Discrimination (PED) among emerging adults of Addis Ababa University, College of Business, and Economics (CBE), at two-time points: in 2021 and 2024. The study primarily employed a quantitative method supported by qualitative. A stratified random sampling procedure was used to select 282 (M=189, F=93) participants in 2021, and 280 (M 190=, F=90) in 2024. The Spiritual Well-Being (SWB) and Perceived Ethnic Discrimination (PED) scales along with open-ended questions were used to collect quantitative and qualitative data. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive, inferential statistics and content analysis procedures. The findings revealed a moderate, negative correlation between SWB and PED at both time points (2021: rs = -0.469, p < 0.01; 2024: rs = -0.445, p < 0.01). It suggests that higher levels of SWB were associated with lower levels of PED. For SWB, a statistically significant difference was observed in 2024 based on the living area before university enrollment (p = 0.041). Although differences among language-speaking groups approached significance (p = 0.050), pairwise comparisons revealed no significant group variations. For PED, significant differences were observed in 2024 across gender (p = 0.007), living area before university enrollment (p < 0.001), and language/mother tongue (p = 0.007). However, pairwise comparisons did not reveal meaningful variations among specific groups. The study revealed that the majority of the participants often used spiritual coping mechanisms to buffer the negative effects of ethnic discrimination. In contrast, some expressed existential concerns, eroded hope; and questioned meaning and purpose in life. The findings also exhibited the inverse relationship between SWB and PED, emphasizing spirituality serving as a protective shield against the adverse effects of ethnic discrimination.Item The Effect of Family Background and Home Environment on Academic Performance of Students in Some Selected Primary Schools in Bole Sub-City, Addis Ababa Ethiopia.(Addis Ababa University, 2024-09) Betelhem Yohannes; Moges Ayele (PhD)The researcher sought to explore the effect of family background and home environment on Academic Performance of students in some selected primary schools in Bole sub-city, Addis Ababa Ethiopia. The research was intended to achieve three specific objectives which are stated as follow; Primarily, to assess the relation between parental income and academic performance of primary school students, secondly to determine the effect of parental educational background on primary school students academic performance and finally to investigate how home environment affect student’s academic performance. The survey participants were 212 students as well as their parents from the three governmental elementary schools. The research used questionnaire as a method of data collection. The collected Data were analyzed by descriptive statistical methods and Multiple Regression. The study discovered a positive and statistically significant correlation between parental education, income level and home environment and their children’s academic achievement.Item Exploring the Causes and Psychosocial Impacts of Internal Administrative Disputes Among the Leaders of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church on its Believers: The Case of Selected Churches in Bole Sub city Area(Addis Ababa University, 2024-09) Dawit Negussie; Sewalem Tsega (PhD)This qualitative case study explores the internal administrative disputes among the leaders of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo church (EOTC) in Bole Sub city area. Using purposive sampling, 15 participants were selected from five churches in Bole sub city and data was collected through Semi-structured interview. The gathered data was transcribed and analyzed thematically. The findings show a common agreement that confirms the existence of disputes rooted in government interference, ethnic and political influences, corruption and mismanagement, spiritual and doctrinal issues, external influences and international factors and disrespect and personal conflicts. The disputes also have strong psychosocial effects on the believers of the church, including loss of faith and trust in church leaders, increased doubt and spiritual crisis, social division and fragmentation, psychological and emotional impact, and impact on church attendance and participation. Despite challenges, participants stated hope for church unity and spiritual improvement which are dependent on the repentance, spiritual renewal and transparent leadership. As a resolution measure for these disputes, the study findings pinpointed, government non-interference and structure, spiritual and educational approaches, accountability and responsibility, believer engagement and awareness, and structural and administrative reforms. In time, by addressing these disputes and challenges, and applying the effective resolution measures, the EOTC can come out stronger, preserving its faith and unity. Key words: Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church (EOTC), internal administrative disputes, psychosocial effects, Believers, Leadership, Conflict resolution.Item The Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Psychological Distress among Undergraduate Students in Addis Ababa University(Addis Ababa University, 2024-10) Feven Yigremew; Kassahun Habtamu (PhD)This study aimed to investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and psychological distress among undergraduate students at Addis Ababa University, considering the roles of socio-demographic factors, social support, and coping mechanisms. Using a stratified random sampling technique, data were collected from 385 students (198 male and 187 female) through self-report questionnaires, Using the Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale (WLEIS), the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics through the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. The results indicated that the mean emotional intelligence score was 3.99 (SD = 0.50), reflecting a moderate level of EI, and the average psychological distress score was 1.49 (SD = 0.26), suggesting moderate levels of distress. There were no statistically significant differences in EI based on socio-demographic characteristics such as age, gender, year level, residence, or socio-economic status. Pearson Correlation analysis showed a weak and non-significant relationship between emotional intelligence and psychological distress (r = -0.03). Multiple linear regression analysis further confirmed that emotional intelligence and social support were not significant predictors of psychological distress. In contrast, coping mechanisms emerged as the strongest predictor of reduced psychological), accounting for 19.7% of the variance in psychological distress). The study also found that positive and negative coping strategies were interdependent, indicating that students often employ a combination of adaptive and maladaptive coping methods. Mediation analysis showed that coping did not mediate the relationship between emotional intelligence and psychological distress, highlighting the independent role of coping in reducing distress. The findings emphasize the need for mental health interventions to prioritize the development of effective coping skills to better support students’ psychological well-being.Item Challenges and Prospects of Cultural Diversity of School Leadership, Teachers and Students in Multicultural School: In The Case of Bingham Academy(Addis Ababa University, 2024-10) Kokeb Teka; Tamirie Andualem (PhD)The objective of this study was to assess and describe the challenges and prospects of cultural diversity of school leadership, teachers and students in a multicultural school. Mixed method and exploratory design were employed. The study included 164 students, 1 Principal, 2 Vice Principals and 16 main teachers. Simple random sampling technique was employed to select students and teacher samples. Questionnaire, semi-structured interview and document analysis were used as data gathering instruments. The necessary primary data were generated from students, the principal and vice principals. Besides, secondary data were collected from written documents and different records about multicultural classrooms, arranged events in the Bingham Academy (BA), documents that show prospects and challenges of multicultural classrooms in BA, training minutes and other related documents were carefully examined. The research's most significant conclusions show that there are not enough supportive books that address the ethnic and cultural diversity of the students in the school.. Besides, the study uncovered that principals’ lack commitment to support students’ diversified backgrounds. Therefore, the researcher recommends the school to avail books that are required in multicultural classes. It is also a good idea to provide principals with extensive training on how to effectively and strategically manage multicultural cultural classes. Key words: Multicultural, Prospects, ChallengesItem The Relationship between Social Loafing, Achievement Motivation and Academic Performance among Psychology students at Addis Ababa University(Addis Ababa University, 2024-11) Lidiya Berihun; Abera Tibebu (PhD)Social loafing behavior is one of the most destructive issues encountered in group projects, often described as a social disease. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the relationships among social loafing, achievement motivation, and academic performance among psychology students at Addis Ababa University. Additionally, the study analyzes gender differences in social loafing, achievement motivation, and academic performance, as well as how social loafing and achievement motivation predict academic performance. Data was collected from 127 participants, comprising second, third, and fourth-year regular psychology students, using questionnaires that included two standardized scales: one for social loafing and one for achievement motivation along with a general GPA question to evaluate academic performance. This study employed a quantitative research approach, and the collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including frequency, mean, standard deviation, maximum, and minimum values, as well as Pearson product moment correlation. Regression analysis was also conducted to address the research questions. The results indicated a relationship between social loafing and achievement motivation (r = .243, p < .006). On the other hand, no significant relationships were found between social loafing and academic performance or between achievement motivation and academic performance. The study revealed high levels of social loafing, with 59.8% of participants exhibiting this behavior. Gender differences were noted in social loafing behavior, although significant differences in achievement motivation and academic performance were not observed. On the other hand, none of the variables predict the academic performance of students. The study recommends that future research consider additional factors to gain a comprehensive understanding of variables that impact academic performance. At last, the study recommends collaboration with stakeholders, including teachers, should involve students as agents of change to develop effective solutions for mitigating social loafing issues in university contexts. Key Words: Social Loafing, Achievement Motivation, and Academic performanceItem The Relationship between Adolescents‘ Self-esteem and Social Media usage and Analysis of related Factors in selected Private Schools of Addis Ababa(Addis Ababa University, 2024-06) Tsion Gizaw; Darge Wole (Prof.)This research investigates the relationship between adolescent self-esteem and social media usage as well as related factors in the context of two selected private schools in Gulele sub-city, Addis Ababa. Employing a survey research design with a quantitative approach, the study examines the correlation between these variables, focusing on grades 7, 9, and 11 students. The research considering the relatively better economic status of students’ private schools compared to those in public schools, allowing greater access to social media technologies. A total of 235 students were selected proportionally and randomly from Ethio-parent and Kegn Azmach. Andarge W/georgioes memorial school. Data collection employed questionnaires covering demographics, self-esteem (using the Rosenberg self-esteem scale), and social media usage. Analysis using SPSS discovered that nearly half of the students had high self-esteem, with significant differences in social media usage across grades. A negative correlation (r = -0.266) was found, indicating that students with lower self-esteem used social media more frequently than those with higher self-esteem. Gender differences showed females using social media more than males, although self-esteem differences by gender were not significant. Significant differences were also observed in self-esteem and social media usage across grades, with grade 11 students showing lower self-esteem compared to grade 9. Regression analysis identified social media usage as a significant negative predictor of self-esteem, while other factors such as gender, age, grade level and academic performance were not significant predictors. A few suggestions are given based on the findings.Item Begging among Physically Healthy Adults in Addis Ababa: Commonness, Quality of Life and Mental Wellbeing(Addis Ababa University, 2024-04) Abduselam Kemal; Belay Tefera ( Prof.)Beggary is taking a new dimension recently. It is being considered as a profitable business. Those who are physically fit enough and able to take on formal economic activities are joining the field. This study basically explores the commonness of begging among physically healthy adults, reasons for getting into streets, daily income, challenges faced and coping strategies, quality of life, and mental well being. The mean difference in mental well being between addicted and non-addicted beggars was also tested. Thirty-nine physically healthy beggars, 12 non-beggars, and three key-informants from Labor and Social Affairs Bureau /LSAB/ were selected for qualitative data through purpose, convenience, and availability sampling techniques. Sixty-four beggars were also selected randomly using simple random sampling approach for quantitative data. Qualitative data were collected through open-ended questionnaire, interview, and focus group discussion, whereas quantitative data were collected by the help of adapted Mental Health Continuum Short Form /MHC-SF/ scale. Percentage, mean, and independent samples t-test were used for the analysis of the quantitative data; whereas thematic analysis was used to analyze the qualitative data. The findings of the study revealed that the number of physically healthy adult beggars is increasing and that begging is becoming a common way of earning a living. Among the reasons accounting for begging, many participants were found begging in streets through invitation by other beggars. The findings also indicated that although beggars earned far better daily income on average than many government employees, the majority of the participants‟ quality of life was found poor. The results of the quantitative data revealed that the mean mental well being score of physically healthy beggars (56.6) was found to be above average (35); indicating that physically healthy beggars were found mentally healthy too. The analysis of the t-test shows that there was significant difference between addicted and non-addicted adult beggars in mental well being; t(df = 36) = 6.8, p < .01), This shows that the mental well being of non-addicted participants was better than the addicted group. Because the country is missing productive age people due to begging, the researcher argues that begging among physically healthy adults need to be controlled. To minimize or ultimately stop the behavior reasons accounting for begging should be improved; alms givers have to discriminate between physically healthy beggars and those who have culturally accepted reasons to beg. Furthermore, law enforcing agencies and all concerned organizations should show combined genuine interest to minimize and ultimately stop begging among physically healthy beggars. Key Words: Begging, Physical Health, Physically Healthy Beggars, Deserving Beggars, Addicted and Non-Addicted Beggars, Quality of Life, Mental Well beingItem Exploring Employees’ Cultural Intelligence in an Inter-Culturally Diverse Domestic Context: the Case of Oromia Broadcasting Network(Addis Ababa University, 2024-06) Korie Shankulie; Habtamu Wondimu (Prof.)The purpose of this research was to examine the cultural intelligence of a varied group of employees at the OBN-Horn of Africa Channel, encompassing individuals from different cultural, geographical, ethnic, and generational backgrounds. A total of 116 participants took part in the study, with 23.3% being female and 76.7% male. Among them, 80 participants were aged between 25 and 35, accounting for 69.6%, while 35 participants were above 35 years old, making up 30.4% (Mean=32.5, SD= .46214). The survey method was utilized for data collection, and the data was analyzed using IBM SPSS statistics data editor version 26. Additionally, a reliability test was conducted on the dataset using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, covering all aspects of cultural intelligence (CQ). The results of the statistical analysis indicated that the participants in the study displayed significant results on various facets of CQ, such as metacognitive CQ, cognitive CQ, motivational CQ, and behavioral CQ. This suggests that the majority of employees are actively adapting and updating their assumptions and mental models of other cultures, as well as acquiring substantial knowledge of different cultures to facilitate effective communication and interaction across diverse cultural organizational settings. The study underscores the significance of fostering cultural intelligence in today's diverse and inclusive workplaces. By enhancing cultural intelligence, employees can successfully navigate cross-cultural environments, leading to improved outcomes at both individual and organizational levels. This research contributes to the existing literature on cultural intelligence and offers valuable insights for organizations seeking to enhance intercultural competence among their workforce. Keywords: Cultural Intelligence, Diversity, Intra/Intercultural diversity, domestic context