Center for Federalism Studies
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Item Legality of Travel Ban on Persons on Bail(Addis Ababa University, 2024-04-01) Andinet Beyene; Simeneh Kiros (PhD)The right to bail is a fundamental right guaranteed to arrested persons stipulated under the FDRE Constitution, Crim.P.C and international human rights instruments Ethiopia has adopted. Bail is a principle and it should be denied under exceptional circumstances. Arrested persons are presumed innocent until proven otherwise, as they are not even charged with a crime. Once arrested persons are freed on bail they should enjoy their rights equally as others as they are presumed to be innocent. One of the basic rights which is also enshrined in the FDRE Constitution and international human rights instruments is the right to leave a country. This right implies that a person has a right to leave a country on a time of his choosing. In the FDRE Constitution, there are no exceptions or limitations to the right. The Crim.P.C also does not discuss a possible ban on individuals who are suspected of committing a certain crime when it illustrates the procedural aspect of criminal law. In addition, the fundamental rights and freedoms specified in the constitution are to be interpreted in a manner conforming to the principles of the UDHR, ICCPR and international instruments adopted by the country. Even though, the right to leave a country is a fundamental right, federal courts ban bailed individuals from leaving the country without legal and factual justifications. The travel ban adversely affects bailed individuals. In order to analyzestate of the law and the gaps in practice, the researcher has used mixed research methods of doctrinal and empirical research studies. In addition, the researcher has also used qualitative research method by discussing legal rule analysis, case study and analysis of practice. The researcher has found out that there are no laws exceptthe revised anti-corruption special procedure and rules evidence proclamation concerning corruption crimes,which stipulate a possible ban on right of movement. The practice of ban is in clear transgression of the rights or bailed individuals enshrined in FDRE Constitution and international human rights instrumentsItem Practical and Legal Gaps in Liquidation and Winding-Up of Plcs in Ethiopia: The Practice of Federal Courts in Addis Ababa(Addis Ababa University, 2024-12-01) Tewodros Zeleke; Tilahun Teshome (PhD)The dissolution and liquidation of a private limited company involve the processes of winding up a company's affairs and distributing its assets among creditors and shareholders. This can happen for various reasons, including insolvency, the completion of the company's purpose, or a decision by the shareholders. Various countries’ Commercial laws incorporate rules to regulate dissolution and liquidation of companies. From such rules, the appointment and criteria to be a liquidator is the main objective of dissolution and liquidation. Similarly, the new FDRE Commercial Code attempts to regulate these matters. Even though the Code has incorporated rules for the proper liquidation of companies, there are problems regarding the liquidation of companies in general and PLC’s in particular. Among these are inadequate rules on the qualifications and regulations of the liquidator, which cause unnecessary delays and damage to creditors and shareholders. This thesis seeks to evaluate the legal framework's adequacy with regard to PLC winding up and liquidation, as well as the challenges that creditors, shareholders, and courts may confront throughout these processes and the unique aspects of PLC liquidations. The thesis builds on analysis of legislation, interviews, and literature reviews to achieve the study's goals. The thesis concludes that there are problems with the application of current rules, a lack of supporting legislation passed by relevant bodies, and a lack of clarity and adequacy in the provisions in the new FDRE Commercial Code. The requirements for becoming a liquidator are unclear, and there is no authority in place to license and oversee liquidators, causing issues, draining court time and resources, and damage to third parties. Thus, the thesis maintains that, to provide additional clarity, the standards outlined in the Commercial Code should be backed by specific subordinate rules, and that an accountable body should take responsibility for licensing and overseeing liquidatorsItem The Governance of Mineral Resources and Sustainable Mining in Ethiopia's Federal System: Ownership, Control and Benefit Sharing(Addis Ababa University, 2025-01-01) Yared Hailemariam; Solomon Negussie (PhD)This doctoral dissertation examines the governance of mineral resources in Ethiopia's ethnic federal system, with a special focus on the key issues of ownership, legislative power, management power, and benefit-sharing, and investigates how these issues interact with and influence the implementation of sustainable mining practices. It is grounded in the Critical Realist Research Paradigm, which offers the methodological flexibility necessary to address complex research questions. Building on this foundational framework, it employed an exploratory qualitative research design as its investigative approach. It uses an integrative qualitative analysis approach, combining doctrinal and thematic analyses. It identifies notable legal gaps, ambiguities, contradictions, institutional shortcomings, and practical limitations across five interconnected areas of concern. First, it found that the FDRE constitution assigns ownership of mineral resources in a contentious manner, resulting in competing claims and interpretations. This ambiguity has led to federal and regional mining laws and centralized licensing systems that violate constitutional rules and human rights laws. Second, it found a lack of clarity regarding the scope and nature of legislative power over mineral resources. It also revealed the absence of legal and institutional mechanisms to coordinate legislative power over mineral resources. The absence of a clear constitutional delineation coupled with legal and institutional mechanisms for coordination has resulted in contradictory laws and regulations that violate constitutional principles. Third, there is a sharp difference between the federal constitution, which recognizes regional states as the main actors in the management of mineral resources, and the subsequent legislative and institutional arrangements that have centralized management power. It also revealed that the centralized management practices have failed to address the economic, social, and environmental impacts at the regional and local levels. Furthermore, it was found that the exclusion of subnational actors from the management mineral resources, combined with the sector's effects, has resulted in ongoing disagreements and conflicts that undermine the sector's overall effectiveness. Fourth, it identified significant constitutional deficiencies, legal uncertainties, institutional challenges, and practical constraints in the governance of economic benefits gained from the extraction of mineral resources. Unlike most federal systems, the FDRE Constitution failed to assign substantial revenue sources from the extraction of mineral resources, allowing the federal government to take advantage of the loophole. Furthermore, it found that the federal system failed to establish a legal and institutional framework that regulates the revenue sharing process, resulting in the emergence of practices that undermine the process. Fifth, it found that, despite the attempt to operationalize the concept of a sustainable mining sector, significant shortcomings persist. In particular, the existing governance frameworks fail to effectively incorporate the essential elements of the three pillars of sustainable mining. Furthermore, the federal system is unable to effectively address the sustainability challenges that arise in the mining operations. Based on these findings, it concludes that the Ethiopian federal system faces significant challenges in governance of mineral resources and ensuring sustainable mining practices. Overall, by drawing on Ethiopia's unique experiences, this study contributes to the advancement of the academic and practical understanding of the complex intersection between federalism, mineral resource governance, and sustainability principles. In addition, the study draws attention to a number of issues that require additional researchItem Power of Arbitrators to Give Interim Orders in Ethiopia(Addis Ababa University, 2023-06-01) Yohannes Afework; Zekarias Kennaa (PhD)Evolution of arbitration as a method of dispute mechanism can be tracked back to the early days of business, when traders looked to a third party to solve disputes that arise amongst them. Historically, the power to grant interim measures in international arbitration was solely reserved to national courts. As to today, many countries have permitted the permission of interim measure to be given by arbitration tribunal as a concurrent jurisdiction of the national court. Contemporary arbitration in most legal system if not all is accompanied by procedural safeguards and opportunities to protect the interest of the litigant parties. One of the inevitable consequences of such procedural safeguard is enabling one of the parties to delay the proceeding in the resolution of the disputes which in turn negatively affect the right of one of the parties and sometime seriously affect the right of the other party. Classic examples for such type of serious damage includes loss of market value of property and destruction of an ongoing business. The availability of interim measures will largely depends on international conventions, national legislations and institutional rules in case of institutional arbitration. The new Arbitration Proclamation in this regards permits issuance of interim order by arbitration tribunal to ensure the preservation of the property and by doing so enables the effectiveness of the arbitral process. Ethiopia recently ratified the New York Convention on Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards and the effect of which can be interpreted as a tool precluding a contracting parties from adopting measure that preventing the measure of the tribunal to order interim measure. This paper will examine the need the existing legal framework on interim measure and its intricacyItem The role of stock market in enhancing corporate governance of Share companies in Ethiopia(Addis Ababa University, 2024-09-30) Hagos Redae; Solomon Abay (Ass.prof)This study examined the role of stock markets in enhancing corporate governance practices among share companies in Ethiopia. In many economies, stock markets serve as a critical platform for promoting transparency, accountability, and regulatory compliance, all of which are central to strong corporate governance. Although Ethiopia lacks a fully operational stock market, the study explored the potential impact of establishing one on the governance structures of Ethiopian share companies. It discussed how stock markets could improve investor protection, foster better management oversight, and create more stringent regulatory frameworks.. By drawing on lessons from other emerging economies, this study provides policy recommendations aimed at aligning Ethiopia’s corporate governance landscape with international standards, thus promoting sustainable economic growth and investor confidence. To enhance corporate governance in Ethiopia, key recommendations include strengthening regulatory oversight by enforcing governance regulations and establishing an oversight body outside the financial sector, improving board and management selection through merit-based appointments, and increasing transparency with mandatory financial reporting and conflict-ofinterest disclosures. Additionally, promoting shareholder activism by strengthening rights and protections, offering corporate governance training, enhancing market infrastructure with digital platforms and investor protections, and aligning corporate governance with international best practices to attract foreign investment are essential. Implementing these measures will improve governance, boost investor confidence, and foster sustainable economic growth.Item The Fate of Illegally Obtained Evidence in Ethiopian Criminal Process(Addis Ababa University, 2025-01-01) Habtamu Getahun; Simeneh Kiros(Ass.prof)Evidence has an enormous role in determining truth in criminal proceedings in the administration of justice. All types of evidence are not admitted unless they are relevant to the matter and not subjected to the exclusion rule. Except for coerced confessions, the FDRE Constitution doesn’t have an express exclusionary rule on whether illegally obtained evidence is admissible or not. The researcher primarily investigated the effects of constitutional rights violations in criminal proceedings involving illegally obtained evidence. This thesis discussed the protection of defendants against illegally obtained evidence using court cases and practical knowledge of judges and prosecutors. Particular attention is given to confessions obtained in violation of the procedure rights of the defendants and evidence obtained in violation of the rights to privacy. One of the thesis's findings is that courts' practical decisions demonstrate that they are unable to adequately enforce defendants' constitutional rights in the context of illegally obtained evidence. Some practical cases show that the court failed to apply constitutional principles and rights such as the presumption of innocence, procedural rights, and the right to privacy. The researcher argues that the court should apply FDRE Constitution provisions when determining the admissibility of illegally obtained evidence. The presence of inconsistence between the law governing the disposition of illegally obtained evidence and practice would violate the rights of arrested and accused persons, as well as fundamental principles and rights. As a result, some rules governing the admissibility of illegally obtained evidence require revision. Moreover, courts should carry out their duty of enforcing constitutional provisions. Key Words: Evidence, Admissibility, Illegally Obtained Evidence, Confession, and Defendants’ RightsItem The Case of Lemi Kura Sub-City and Lega Tafo Lega Dadi(Addis Ababa University, 2025-05-01) Ketema Bulo; Regassa BayissaThis study examines the relationship between decentralization and public service delivery in Addis Ababa and the newly established Sheger City, focusing on the socio-economic implications, challenges, and opportunities.Decentralization is suggests that field units will be given more responsibility and authority, and that the central government will share power with other entitie. There are different forms and types of decentralization, the three most well-known ones are delegation, devolution (democratic decentralization), and DE concentration (also known as administrative decentralization). Decentralization can be a means to increase the transparency, responsiveness, and effectiveness of local government itself, but it shouldn't be seen as a goal in and of itself. Decentralization and public service delivery are important and structurally organized in the federated state like our country Ethiopia, because of the main core of federated state are self rule and shared rule plus intergovernmental relation so that, decentralization and public service delivery are strategic way of applying federalism to targeted area. Through a comparative analysis of Lemi Kura and Lega Tafo Lega Dadi sub-cities, the research investigates the causes and effects of decentralization on public service delivery, identifies associated challenges and opportunities, and analyzes its broader impact on socioeconomic conditions. Employing a qualitative methods approach, including qualitative interviews, the study reveals how decentralization influences service efficiency, accessibility, and equity. Because qualitative research is fundamentally humanistic due to its emphasis on the individual, subjective, and experiential basis of knowledge and practice. Qualitative methods, which also aim to investigate a phenomenon and provide a profound comprehension of the issues, participants, and events, were widely used. Findings highlight key challenges such as resource constraints and coordination issues, alongside opportunities for enhanced local governance and community participation. The study contributes to understanding decentralization's role in urban public service delivery and offers policy recommendations for optimizing its implementation in Addis Ababa and Sheger City.Item Ethiopia’s Right to Environmental Compensation from Nile Lower Riparian States(Addis Ababa University, 2024-06-01) Mesay Amado; Yenehun BirlieTransboundary rivers naturally flow from upper riparian to lower riparian. Regarding this, the upper riparian countries have opportunity costs in afforestation and soil conservation to the ecosystem of the source of the river. But the lower riparian countries lack this opportunity cost in conservation of the source of the river. Regarding this, the water source of the ecosystem was not conserved and properly managed; the ecosystem degraded, and sources of water would be reduced and lost. In the Blue Nile River basins, Ethiopia is found in the upper riparian area and the main source of the river; the other two, Sudan and Egypt, are located in the lower basin. As far as these, these two countries effectively used the water for irrigation, hydropower, and home consumption more than Ethiopia. In contrast, the government of Ethiopia incurred costs for afforestation and soil conservation in the source of the ecosystem. For instance, soil conservation measures in the upper Blue Nile River basins (in Ethiopia), which are approximately equal to 5.43 million hectares, have a total cost of US$2.9 billion per year.All this action benefits Egypt and Sudan through balancing the regular flow of the Blue Nile River. Yet, this nation neither cooperates nor contributes to financing the conservation of the source of the Blue Nile River ecosystem. In this regard, the main issue to be addressed in this paper is whether Ethiopians have a legal right to claim eco-compensation from lower riparian countries (Egypt and Sudan) for eco service and cost incurred for afforestation and soil conservation of the water source of ecosystems from the perspective of international environmental law. To investigate this issue, the researcher used qualitative doctrinal research methods using primary and secondary sources of data. Furthermore, they tried to clarify concepts and information collected via data, qualitatively. Regarding this issue of eco-compensation, there is no binding international law and procedural enforcement mechanism in international environmental law and water law for Ethiopia to claim compensation from LNRSs for the opportunity cost of conservation of the source of the BNR basin. However, there is different state practice in different regions (Elbe River basin, Lancang-Mekong River, and Xin'an River Basin), and there is a general principle of international environmental law, like the sustainable development principle, related to environmental protection and opportunity cost by upper riparian states for protection of the source of the transboundary rivers. From this nation's practice and international environmental law principles, Ethiopia has legal ground to claim eco-compensation from lower riparian states (Egypt and Sudan). Based on this nation practice and international environmental law xii principles, the Ethiopian government and local concerned bodies try to legally claim and diplomatically influence and initiate the lower Nile River basin state to compensate Ethiopia. Key words:-Eco-compensation, Eco service payment, sustainable development, intergenerational equity, Transboundary River, Ecosystem, Degradation, Soil erosion, AfforestationItem Right of the Child for Protection From Corporal Punishment in Home Setting: The Law and the Practice at the Federal Courts of Ethiopia(Addis Ababa University, 2024-09-01) Betelhem Mekonnen; Wondmagen T. Goshu (PhD)This study had assessed the gap that exists in law and practice at federal courts. Empirical legal research method was employed while undertaking the research. Data was gathered from Federal first instance court and federal public prosecutors offices of selected branches using structured interviews, non -participant observation, court records as primary data and legal documents, academic literatures and reports were used as secondary source of data. It is discovered that there is actual gap in law but the practice is in-line with child corporal punishment international laws to some extent. However, the practice had ignored principle of legality issue for parents. From the findings, the researcher concluded that law reform shall be taken by criminalizing all forms of corporal punishment and had indicated future research areas that will enhance the law reform goal towards attainment of the human right childrenItem The Challenges and Opportunities for Implementation of the New Capital Market Proclamation in Ethiopia(Addis Ababa University, 2025-01-01) Fantahun Delelew; Fekadu Petros (Assistant Professor)The thesis examines the implementation of the Ethiopian capital market proclamation what it brings about the challenges and opportunities through the legal and institutional framework in Ethiopia. The study is based on the doctrinal approach by which used the primary and secondary data .The research is aimed to answer the question of problem which identified as "to what extent are the legal frameworks and enforcement mechanisms in Ethiopian capital market rules and practices efficient in comparison to well-developed international standards?" to answer this main question the following specific issues will be addressed: What are the core elements of international normative standards on capital market regulation and the challenges of implementing the framework at the domestic level? What are the key institutional building blocks of the Capital Market in Ethiopia? What are the challenges in implementing the new capital market Proclamation No. 1248/2021? The theses examines the Ethiopian legal and institutional frame work weakness and strength from the imperial to the present situation. It also analysis the capital market proclamation with regarding the key provisions in which the principal institutions are identified with their power and responsibility. And also analysis the law how to be implemented and protect the investors from unfair treatment, market manipulation, false information, insider trading and so on. In comparison with the international capital market principles, the capital market proclamation is evaluated. The paper also examines the opportunities and challenges of the implementation of the capital market proclamations. Finally the conclusions and the author recommendation are suggested based on the examination of the studyItem African Union’s Decision not to Cooperate with ICC and its Implications on the Member State’ Obligations Under ICC’s Statute and AU Constitutive Act(Addis Ababa University, 2024-09-01) Simon Biruk; Wondemagegn Tadesse (PhD)The establishment of the ICC was widely welcomed in Africa, as a significant step towards ending impunity for the most serious international crimes. However, as the ICC began its operations, the fact that most of its cases involved African countries led to tensions between the Court and the AU. This tension escalated when the ICC issued an arrest warrant for Sudanese President Omar al-Bashir. The AU subsequently urged its member states to refrain from cooperating with the ICC regarding al-Bashir's arrest, creating a conflict between the AU's decision and the obligations of African states that are parties to the Rome Statute and the United Nations. This thesis examines the legal implications of the AU's non-cooperation decision and its impact on the obligations of its member states under general international law, the ICC Statute, and the AU Constitutive Act. It explores the extent of the AU's authority to override existing international treaties and whether the decision aligns with the AU's objectives related to human rights protection. The findings highlight how the AU's position challenges the ICC's mandate and international cooperationItem An Assessment of Ethiopia's Law and Emerging Practice of Licensing Securities Exchanges(Addis Ababa University, 2025-05-01) Ashenafi Yirga; Solomon Abay (PhD)The establishment of a functional securities exchange system is a critical milestone in Ethiopia‘s transition toward a diversified and competitive financial sector. Ethiopia‘s Capital Market Proclamation No. 1248/2021 and Directive No. 1009/2024 mark a significant regulatory departure, introducing a dual licensing model that formally establishes the Ethiopian Securities Exchange (ESX) while also permitting private entrants. This thesis examines the Ethiopian legal and regulatory framework governing the licensing of securities exchanges, with a specific focus on its conduciveness for private-sector-led capital market development. Guided by the central research question—whether the existing laws and emerging practice enable inclusive exchange formation—this study employs a doctrinal legal analysis supported by empirical insights from interviews with key stakeholders, including regulatory authorities, legal practitioners, and representatives of the private sector. The findings reveal that while Ethiopia‘s Capital Market Proclamation No. 1248/2021 and subsequent directives demonstrate a robust commitment to investor protection and market stability, they impose considerable legal, financial, and operational burdens that may deter private sector participation. High minimum capital requirements, expansive governance and technological standards, and significant regulatory discretion hinder accessibility and legal predictability. Although regulatory authorities defend these measures as necessary for systemic resilience, the lack of clear procedural safeguards and limited interest by private actors suggest a regulatory environment more aligned with state-driven market consolidation than open competition. The study concludes that, without deliberate review to enhance transparency, reduce entry barriers, and encourage inclusive participation, Ethiopia‘s licensing regime risks constraining the very market dynamism it seeks to promote. Accordingly, the thesis proposes actionable recommendations aimed at fostering a more enabling, transparent, and proportionate regulatory environment for future capital market developmentItem The Dynamics of Autonomy of Addis Ababa City Government Since 2018: Change and Continuity(Addis Ababa University, 2025-06-01) Eyob Bezabih; Sisay Mengiste (PhD)The right to self-government can exist in countries following any system of government. But this right is a very basic issue in countries that follow a federal system. Therefore, a federal system is a system in which regions or autonomous city governments have their own legislative, judiciary, and law enforcement (executive) bodies, relatively independent of the influence of the federal government, and manage their regions or administrative areas. For this, the guarantee of the covenant is their constitution, which they consulted together and agreed upon. This right to self-government in the Ethiopian constitution under Article 39(3) gives this right to self-government to the nation, nationalities, and peoples of Ethiopia. Also Article 49(2) of the Constitution stipulates that the Addis Ababa city administration has full authority to govern itself. Indeed, the Amharic version and the English version of this article are different. The Amharic version grants the power of self-government to the city administration, while the English version grants the power of self-government to the city residents. The general objective of this research was to critically analyze the self-governing autonomy of the Addis Ababa City Government in the Ethiopian Federation and it has also certain specific objectives. Most of the research objectives were addressed through legal analysis. Accordingly, the research findings are the Ethiopian Constitution provides much lower political rights for the residents of Addis Ababa City than the rights of the people living in regional states that belong to Ethiopia. The residents living in the member regions of the Ethiopian Federal have the right to create their own territories whenever they so want. However, Ethiopian nationals residing in Addis Ababa are not entitled to this privilege, which can be viewed as a demonstration. In addition the Addis Ababa City Administration charter which is issued on the basis of the constitution includes provisions that weaken the autonomy of the city. As an example it stipulates that the Addis Ababa Council and Government can be dissolved by the decision of the Federal Parliament under Articles 17(2) and 61(3), respectively. In addition, Article 61(2) of the charter clearly stipulates that the city government is not independent but part of the federal government. In general, the right of self-governance of the resident of Addis Ababa has been declared by the constitution, but due to the constitution itself and other laws and political decisions, this right has not been fully implemented. Therefor made Addis Ababa city government an autonomous region is the first task.Item The Implementation of the Right to Defense Counsel in Ethiopia: A Case Study at the FDRE Federal Public Defense Office(Addis Ababa University, 2025-04-01) Shewarega Woldemariam; Tsehay Wada (Ass.Prof)This study is on implementation of right to defense counsel in the context of Ethiopia. I applied a qualitative research which applied doctrinal and non doctrinal approach. The research also used primary data based on data from interviews and questionnaires. Based on the findings the legal foundation for the public defenders office are article 20 of the FDRE constitution and the FSC Establishment proclamation No. 1234/2021. The office has formed offices in Addis Ababa and three Regional offices in which it employs over 74 public Defenders and 25 other staff. While legal practitioners understand the right to counsel, but many accused individuals are unaware. While the PDO is considered accessible by legal professionals, non-legal individuals express concerns regarding its accessibility and effectiveness. Further Public defenders view their services as efficient, but clients and some legal professionals express differing opinions. Overall stakeholders recognize the vital role of public defenders but highlight the need for capacitybuilding, professional development, and express concerns over ethical issues related to payment for services. Major challenges include a lack of comprehensive legal framework, limited resources, a lack of independence from the FSC, and enforcement lapses in professional conduct. To enhance the PDO's effectiveness, recommendations include establishing a comprehensive legal framework, restructuring institutional operations, and ensuring equitable salaries for public defenders. Implementing these changes is crucial for fulfilling the mission of the PDO and serving the public interest effectivelyItem Federalism and Students’ Conflict Management in Ethiopian Higher Educational Institutions: The Case of Arba Minch University(Addis Ababa Unversity, 2021-06) Amanu Tilahun; Ketema Wakjira (PhD)Since recent years, conflict, particularly latent conflict is frequently emerged everywhere and at any time, especially in Ethiopian higher educational institutions but the ability to manage them is different from institution to institution. Thus, the main objective of the study is to examine the capacity of federalism to manage conflicts between or among students in Arba Minch university. To accomplish the above objective, mixed research approach, both primary and secondary sources of data as well as cluster and purposive sampling techniques were employed to provide well integrated and clarified data analysis. By doing so, the finding of the study has revealed that although there existed amicable social interaction among students of Arba Minch university, some latent conflicts such as interpersonal, interethnic and interreligious conflicts were rarely raised between or among students of the institution. Some of the main causes for the emergence of those conflicts in the university were ethnic identity and religious differences, absence of strong supervision upon the drive back students and those who have political mission, political instability of the country due to the manipulation of ethnic federalism, interregional state conflicts and students’ conflict in other universities. In this regard, students themselves, instructors and administrative staffs as well as the local community were the main actors of those conflicts. In addition, compromising and accommodation methods of conflict management altogether with ADR mechanisms were employed by the institution to manage students’ conflicts. Here, federalism, the local community and religious leaders have played prominent roles in managing students’ conflicts on the behalf of informal mechanisms. Furthermore, the university’s cooperative work culture with the local community and religious leaders; its alertness to solve various problems of students; and passionate and peace-loving culture of the local community are some good practices of Arba Minch university that other universities are expected to learn from it in relation to students’ conflict management in a peaceful manner. Yet, the study has verified that the institution should work a lot on preventing students’ conflicts proactively, and on the establishment of all-inclusive club/committee which conduct further studies upon the causes of students’ conflicts and various alternative solutions in order to manage students’ conflicts effectively than ever before.Item Challenges and Mechanisms For the Implementation of Language Right Under Ethiopian Federalism: the Case of Guraghe Zone, Snnpr(Addis Ababa University, 2017-02) Yidnekachew Tadele; Ketema WakijraLanguage is an indispensable attribute of human race not only because it is a medium of Communication but also it is a source of pride, self-esteem and identity in the sense that it is a Defining characteristic of human society it plays valuable role for hannonic coexistence societies.Item Woreda Level Decentralization andassesment of Health Service Delivery: the Case of Midakegni Woreda, Oromia National Regional State(Addis Ababa University, 2018-02) Feyissa Gedissa; Ghebrehiwet Tesfai (PhD)Decentralized service delivery refers to the mode in which service delivery is done through delegation and devolution of power from center to local governments where by efficiency and effectiveness are likely to be achieved. The general purpose of this study is to assess the impact of Woreda Level Decentralization on health service provisions quality and quantity and to examine the impact of the decentralized legal, political, administrative, financial and stakeholder participation on health service delivery in Mida Kegn Mida Kegn Woreda, West Shoa Zone of the Oromia National Regional State. To explore the impact of Woreda Level Decentralization on health services delivery mixed research approach was employed. Data were collected from Regional Health Bureau, Zonal Health office, Woreda Health Offices, Health centers, Health center Directors, health experts , kebele managers and beneficiaries through questionnaire, interviews and document analysis. The study found that local communities have participated in health services delivery mainly in identifying local problems, planning, management, monitoring, control and evaluation of their also found that there has been weak and incoherent vertical or horizontal coordination between the health institutions. In order to manage and sustain decentralization for effective delivery of health services, strong capacities in resources (human, finance and institutions) and active participation are mandatory.Item Party System and Pluralistic Federalism in Ethiopia(Addis Ababa University, 2024) Yohannes Haile; Zemelak Ayele (Associate Professor)The study delves into the intricate relationship between party system and Ethiopia's federal constitutional system. Employing an interpretative case study design, the research leverages theoretical and empirical frameworks to provide a nuanced analysis of the Ethiopian case within its unique contextual setting. Notably, the aim is not to generate or test generalizable propositions, but rather to offer an in-depth understanding of this case. The study framework encompasses the historical experiences of pluralistic federations, acknowledging the diverse outcomes that range from success to failure. Since World War II, the number of federations has grown significantly, reaching approximately 44 by the early 1990s. However, this period also witnessed the dissolution of 27 of these federations, all of which shared characteristics of multiethnicity or pluri-nationality and a lack of robust democratic systems. Concurrently, other states acceded to the remaining 17 federations, including Ethiopia. While the recent recognition of federalism's inherent link to democratic principles is a positive development, the historical failures of undemocratic federations offer a stark reminder: federalism requires a democratic foundation for its effective functioning. This attests to the proposition that the Ethiopian ethnic federal formula could not flourish without multiparty democracy. Since the inauguration of the ethnic federal system in 1995, six national elections have been conducted in which the practice of multiparty system has come under question. Therefore, the main purpose of the study is to investigate the practice of multiparty democracy, with a competitive multiparty system and democratic elections at its centre, in light of the ethnic federal constitutional order. It finds that the lack of multiparty politics, mainly multiparty-multilevel representation, has blocked the legitimacy and effectiveness of the federal constitutional in three ways (with which the chapters of the study and its research question are structured). The first is the overwhelming dominance of the drafting, the public discussion, and the ratification of the Federal Constitution by the EPRDF has precipitated the legitimacy gap of at least the federal system in procedural (the deficit of multiparty deliberative constitution-making and constitutional imposition) as well as substantive aspects (a politicised constitution from the Marxist-Leninist-inspired revolutionary-democratic articulations of the EPRDF). The second is that the structures of the federal system and their operations have been dependent on the political interests of the non-competitive and centralised dominant party, the EPRDF, at the expense of the democratic representativeness of the federal institutions of self-rule and-rule. Lastly, the system of constitutional review and amendment has been ossified and devoid of meaningful dynamism under the de facto one-party rule. In sum, the study underlines the federal malfunction of the one dominant-party system in Ethiopia. It has implications for the recent political developments in terms of juxtaposing the politics, structure, and functioning of the Prosperity Party (PP) with the objectives, principles, and development of the ethnic federal constitutional map. The way incumbents interact, which involves the debate on the broad-based integrative advantage of multiethnic congressional hegemonic parties in containing ethnic rivalry and fragmentation, with the federal system has far-reaching impacts on the stability of the Ethiopian polity that has seen spates of ethnic-based tensions and violence. How the tottering democracy performance of the country improves towards multiparty opening in such a way that sets easily with the contentious ethnic politics is a notable topic for further research.Item Women’s Political Participation and Representation at Local Level in the Ethiopian Federation: The Case of Ankesha Woreda, Awi Zone, Amhara National Regional State(Addis Ababa University, 2020-06) AsresZeleke Kassa; Mohammed Dejen (PhD)Women’s political participation and representation at local levels playan importantrole in the general processes of theoverall improvements of women’s life and the socio-economic and political developments of a country. The general objective of this study is to assess the political participation and representation of women at local levels and identify factors affecting their participation by taking Ankesha Woreda as a case study. Both qualitative and quantitative research approach were followed. The researcher has collected both primary data from both women and men citizens as well as government officials in Ankesha Woreda. Despite the fact that Ethiopian women are granted constitutional rights to take part in any affairs affecting their life, they do not exercise equal rights to participate in the country’s politics due to economic, socio cultural and traditional factors.The study identified that the political participation and representation of women in Ankesha Woreda is low when compared to men except for their equal participation in Woreda council. The study found that women are underrepresented in local government structures, like, in kebele councils and cabinets and Woreda cabinets due to deep rooted and a longstanding traditional belief. Thus, the government should confirm equal rights of women based on their competency, experience and educational background at different levels of government council particularly, at local levelItem Federalism and the Impacts of Addis Ababa City Expansion on Farming communities: the case of Eekkaa Oromo, Yeka Abado(Addis Ababa University, 2020-06) Nanati Gezmu; Ketema Wakjira (PhD)This thesis aims to examine the impact of Addis Ababa city expansion on the surrounding farming community, with particular reference to the Ekkaa Oromo in the “Yeka Abado” area, and thereby evaluate the mechanisms of handling these impacts in a federal setting of Ethiopia. In doing so, the study has used mixed research approach. For gathering primary data, the study employed, different instruments of data collection, including questionnaires, in-depth interviews and focused group discussions (FGD) with members of purposely selected Eekkaa Oromo farmers’ community at Yeka Abado. The study also used document analysis, from housing policy, constitution of FDRE, regulations, and procedures pertinent to the research under discussion as secondary data sources. The study found out that Yeka Abado condominium project is one of the causes for displacing Eekka Oromo communities from their farm lands without providing the chance of getting the condominium houses. Besides, the informal settlement is another cause for rapid urban expansion in the city and loss of the farm land for the farmers. The study found out that Eekkaa Oromo farmers at Yeka Abado are victims of negative impacts of the urbanization process taking place in their locality. They have already lost their original way of life particularly agricultural practices and these farmers are dispersed from their original habitat. Consequently, the urbanization process, measured in terms of the impact of Yeka Abado condominium housing project, has negatively impacted nearly all aspects of the farming communities’ life ranging from socio-cultural, economic to politics. This study, therefore, argues that impact of urban expansion and urbanization on the Eekkaa Oromo community contradicts with the constitutional, cultural, economic, territorial and political rights set by federalism of Ethiopia.