Maternity and Reproductive Health Nursing

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Acceptance Rate and Associated Factors of Immediate Postpartum Intrauterine Contraceptive Device among Women who Delivered Selected Public Hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2021
(Addis Ababa University, 2021-05) T/silassie Wondossen; Mekonen Hussen( Prof); Mekonen Baize (Msc)
Background: Despite of highly effective, inexpensive, non-hormonal and immediately reversible. The acceptance rate of postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device was very low in developing countries including Ethiopia. Therefore, the goal of the study to determined acceptance rate with its associated factors among women who delivered in selected public hospitals of Addis Ababa. Objective Acceptance rate and associated factors of immediate postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device among women who delivered in selected public hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Method: - A cross-sectional study design based on an institution was used on 336 participants. Data collectors used a pre-tested and organized questionnaire to collect information. The data was entered into EpiData 4. 6 statistical packages and then exported to SPSS version 25 for further analysis. To assess the relationship between each independent variable and the dependent variable, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were utilized. Result: -The acceptance rate was founded to be a total of 336 participants responded (98.5 %). Immediately delivered women's educational status (AOR =0.160, 95 % CI: (0.040-0.649) Private employers, daily laborer, and student were significantly linked(AOR=4.269, 95 % CI: (1.280-14.234) (AOR=7.373, 95 % CI: (1.534-35.433)(P<0.013), and (AOR=11.004, 95 % CI: (1.602-75.572) respectively. Monthly income of 3201-5250, 5251-7900, and maternal monthly income greater than 7901 (AOR =4.731,95 % CI: (1.497-14.949) (AOR =5.712, 95 % CI: (1.489-21.910) and (AOR =6.589, 95 %CI: (1.736-25.009) were all significantly related. Favorable attitude (AOR = 14.457,95 % CI: (4.999-41.806). This was found to be significantly linked to the acceptance rate of immediate postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device. Conclusion and recommendations: The rate of immediate postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device uptake was low. Maternal education, occupation, monthly income,and attitude are all linked to acceptance rates. Health-care education, a change in women's attitudes, and frequent training for healthcare workers are all important.
Adolescent Communication to their Parents on Sexual and Reproductive issues and Associated Factors Among Secondary School Students in Meki Town, East Shoa, Oromia, Ethiopia: Mixed Method Study 2023
(Addis Ababa Unaiversity, 2023) Furo Barke; Berhe Semarya; Genzeb Siraye
BACKGROUND: Adolescents are more vulnerable than any other age group to a range of sexual and reproductive health problems. Adolescents are exposed to various sexual and reproductive risks due to lack of communication with their parents, such as early-unprotected sex, early pregnancy, school dropout, sexually transmitted Infections (STIs) and human immune virus (HIV). OBJECTIVES: To assess adolescent parent sexual and reproductive health communication and associated factors among secondary school students in Meki town, East Shoa, Oromia, Ethiopia 2023. METHODS: Institution based convergent mixed method was applied. The study was conducted from February 20- March 20/2023 among 392 students at Meki town. The quantitative data was collected using pretested structured self-administered questionnaire by systematic sampling technique. Data was entered using EPI data version 4.6.0.6 and then transport to SPSS window version 25 for statistical analysis. The association was determined using 95% CI and p value (<0.05) for multivariable logistic regression. The qualitative data was collected using interview guides(open-ended). The response was tape-recorded. In-depth interview was conducted among purposively selected parents. Thematic analysis was used using Atlas ti 9 software. Result: The proportion of respondents who had communicated with their parents regarding SRH issues on at least two components was 156 (39.8%). Being grade 10 student (AOR = 0.44: 95% CI; 0.225-0.862), merchant mothers (AOR =2.76: 95% CI; 1.36-5.62), attitude toward SRH (AOR= 0.182 95% CI, 0.1-0.333), adolescent had SRH information (AOR=3.28; 95% CI 1.3- 8.23) and knowledge of SRH issues (AOR=1.75: 95% CI: 1.03-2.98) were significantly associated. Five themes were discussing about SRH components, Source of SRH information,approach to Improve SRH discussion, SRH reason and challenges for not discussing and SRH discussion age and satisfaction. Conclusion and Recommendation: There was insufficient adolescent-parent communication regarding SRH components. The main reason from both quantitative and qualitative study was cultural barriers, fear of parent response, lack of trust in adolescent, morally unacceptable and shame to talk. The Ministry of Health has to give focus and facilitate health care professional, different government sector, and nongovernmental organization to work on it.
Assess decision-to-delivery interval and associated factors among mothers who underwent emergency cesarean section at selected public hospitals of Addis Ababa City, Ethiopia,2023.
(Addis Ababa University, 2023) Teklie,Nigatu; Deribe, Leul (Asst.prof. PhD Can.), Hailu,Hanna(BSC, MSC)
Background: DDI for ECS is a matter of quality obstetrics care service. Unnecessary delays may end up in morbidity or mortality of the mother and/or the fetus. Therefore, the delivery interval must be within a reasonable time and the recommended one is within 30 minutes. The study area lacks information. Objective: Determine DDI and associated factors among mothers who underwent emergency cesarean section in the chosen governmental institutions of Addis Ababa City, Ethiopia, 2023. Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out in governmental hospitals of Addis Ababa city with total sample size of 348. Each respondent was recruited by means of probability sampling technique. The information was gathered based on the pilot study of interviewer-administered tool and document review after written consent secured from every respondent. The gathered information’s were coded and entered in Epi-data version 4.6.0.6 and analyzed using SPSS version 26. The binary logistic regression method was employed to detect risk factors related to crash c/s. Statistically, significance was determined by a P-value of less ≤ 0.05. Result: The total magnitude of DDI that was done within the recommended period was 23% [ 95% CI (18.9-27.6] and the Median time was 45(7-155) min. Fetal distress was the most common indication for ECS. The following factors were significantly linked to the decision-to- delivery interval: surgeon status [25.019;95% CI (10.602,59.037], indications other than fetal distress [AOR = 2.775; 95% CI (1.395,5.518], type of anesthesia [AOR=13.597;95% CI (4.969,37.209]. Conclusion: The study finding indicates that the magnitude of the crash c/s for ECS according to the international recommended time interval was very low. Therefore, hospitals and obstetric care providers should be alert and conscious of immediate life-threatening conditions
Assessment of Aietary Diversity Adequacy and Associated Factors among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care at Public Health Facilities in Fitche Town, Oromiya Region, Ethiopia, 2020.
(Addis Ababa University, 2020-06) Tolesa Fikadu; Teshome Roza (prof); Fantahun Addishiwet(Msc)
Background: Adequate consumption of diversified food during pregnancy enables adequate intake of eleven important micronutrients. Pregnant women who consumed inadequate dietary diversity during pregnancy have high percentage of delivering preterm, still birth, low birth weight, and small for gestational age newborn. Therefore, this study aims to assess dietary diversity adequacy and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatalcare at public health facilities in Fitche town, Oromia region, Ethiopia 2020. Methods:An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 400 pregnant women attending antenatal care at publichealth facilities in Fitche town, in 2020.Study participants were selected by systematic random sampling method. Data wereentered in to Epi data version 4.6and exported to Statistical Package for Social Science version 24 for analysis.Description of means, frequencies and proportions of the given data for each variable was calculated.Results from bivariate analysis of p<0.25 were moved to multivariable logistic regression model analysis.Any statistical test with the P-value <0.05 at 95% confidence interval was considered as statistically significant. Results: The study revealed that 55.4% of the pregnant women had adequate dietary diversity.Being urban dweller (AOR=2.4. 95% CI: 1.1, 5.18), being housewife(AOR=3.44, 95% CI: 1.37,8.68), employed(AOR=3.69, 95% CI: 1.12, 12.16), merchant(AOR=3.43, 95% CI: 1.15, 10.24),daily laborer(AOR=3.66, 95% CI: (1.0, 13.45), low average monthly household income less than 500 Ethiopian birr(AOR=0.25, 95% CI: 0.07, 0.83), practicing home gardens(AOR=2.5,95% CI : 1.39, 4.5), meal frequency three and above times per day(AOR=2.9, 95% CI: 1.64,5.09), and receiving dietary counseling during antenatal care(AOR=3.56, 95% CI: 2.0, 6.35)were factors associated with pregnant women dietary diversity. Conclusions and Recommendations: This study found that 55.4% of pregnant women consumed adequate dietary diversity.Place of residence, women’s occupation, average monthly household income, practicing home gardens, meal frequency per day and receiving dietary counseling during antenatal care were strong predictors of adequate dietary diversity. Therefore, attention should be paid to pregnant women diet by health care provider during antenatal care.
Assessment of Antenatal Care Clients’ Willingness for HIV Counseling and Testing in Asella Governmental Health Institutions, Ethiopia.
(Addis Ababa University, 2012-05) Fikre Tadesse; Aga Fekadu(MSc)
Background:- It has been well established that mother to child transmission (MTCT) accounts for the majority of HIV infections in children below the age of 15 years in developing countries. HIV counseling and testing (HCT) is an important entry point for HIV prevention and for early access to treatment, care and support. Willingness for accepting HCT is the key component and a starting point of overall HIV prevention efforts and represents a critical opportunity for stemming the tide of the HIV epidemic. Objective:- The main objective of this study was to assess the willingness of antenatal care clients for HIV counseling and testing in Asella governmental health institutions. Methods:- Institutional based cross sectional study was conducted on 321 pregnant women attended antenatal care during the study period using interviewer administered, pre-tested, structured questionnaire from March to April, 2012 in Asella governmental health institutions. Data was collected by convenient sampling technique after ethical clearance was obtained from the concerned authorities and then entered in Epi-info and analyzed using SPSS software. Result:- A total of 321 pregnant women (response rate 100%) attended antenatal care in Asella hospital and Asella health center were included in the study. Among the studied women 291(90.7%) were willing for HCT, and 30 (9.3%) were not willing for HCT. The strongest association with willingness for HCT rested with parity, number of ANC visits and perceived risk of HIV. Primipara women were about 12 times more likely willing for HCT than nullipara mothers (AOR=12.33, 95% CI=1.25,121.57), and also those who had 2 and above ANC visits were 9.6 times more likely willing for HCT than those who had only 1 ANC visit (AOR=9.64,95% CI=1.93,48.28). Women who were perceived themselves not at risk of acquiring HIV were more likely willing for HCT than those women who perceived themselves at risk (AOR=0.08,95% CI=0.01,0.41). Conclusion and Recommendation: This study revealed high-level of awareness about HIV, HCT, MTCT and PMTCT of HIV among pregnant women attended ANC in the study areas. Relatively increased proportion of willingness for HCT was seen when compared to other studies and it has to be encouraged more, since it is a cornerstone for PMTCT of HIV. Health education targeted on pregnant women on HCT, MTCT and PMTCT of HIV using different resources and male partner participation would have paramount importance and would be important factor to scale up HCT acceptance more at all levels.
Assessment of Attitude towards Risky Sexual Behavior and Sexual Practice among Adama University under Graduate Students, Adama, Ethiopia.
(Addis Ababa University, 2012-06) Tsige Meseret; Skebe Yezabnesh(MSC)
Background Healthy adolescents and youth are the base of future generation. However, globally adolescents and youth are most frequently affected by STIs/ AIDS as the result of risky sexual behavior. In developing countries including Ethiopia the problem was found more serious and many young people engage in risky sexual behavior. Most of them were aware of the risk even though they failed to change their behavior. Objective: To assess attitude towards risky sexual behavior and sexual practice among Adama University under graduate students, Ethiopia. Method: institution based a cross sectional descriptive study was conducted between September, 2011 and February, 2012 G.C. A total of 563 students were assessed for their attitude towards risky sexual behavior and sexual practice in Adama University, Ethiopia. Multi stage and simple random sampling technique was used to select the school and participants. Data were collected using semi-structured self-administered questionnaire. A pre-test was conducted on 5% of comparable group other than the study population before actual data collection. Data were analyzed using EPI INFO and SPSS version 16. Result: Majority of the respondents (81.5%) was males and the mean age of the participant‘s was 21.45 years. Thirty percent of the study subjects currently chewing khat. Two-third (68.9%) of the participants had favorable attitude toward risky sexual behavior. Thirty four percent of respondents had sexual experience. Among sexual active respondents in the past one year 31.2% of them had not used condoms. In addition, 18.1% of the respondents practices homosexuality and significantly associated with current chewing khat (AOR 0.115) and drug intake (AOR 0.071). Conclusion: The attitude towards risky sexual behavior was favorable among Adama University under graduate regular students. However, the prevalence of premarital sex is high and sexual active respondents were engage in some risky sexual behavior like unprotected sex, sex with commercial sex worker and homosexuality. This indicates that the university students are exposed to health hazards through their risky sexual behavior. Therefore sexual and reproductive health issues should be included in the curriculum of both high schools and universities education to prevent risky sexual behavior and render sexual intercourse safe.
Assessment of birth outcomes among mothers with diabetes who delivered at Tikur Anbessa specialized hospital Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2018.
(Addis Ababa University, 2018-06) Eshetu, Bajrond; Daba, Woreknesh (Mph/Rh, BA, BSc)
Diabetes in pregnancy is the major cause of poor birth outcome that encountered during pregnancy. Worldwide, 7% of all pregnancies are complicated by diabetes and causes for maternal and prenatal morbidity and mortality. Objective: To assess birth outcomes among mothers with diabetes who delivered at Tikur Anbessa specialized hospital Addis Ababa Ethiopia, 2018. Method: Facility based retrospective cross-sectional study were carried from January 2015 to 2017 out to determine the birth outcome. Total sample was 422; the required data was extracted from patient chart and checked for completeness. Then those mothers who had complete data record were separated and convenient sampling method was used from February 1 to April 30. Data entered and cleaned to Epi Data 4.2. Then entered data was transported to SPSS version 23.0 for data analysis. Results: Out of 14039 women who gave birth, 2.5% women were found to have diabetes mellitus and from total of 346 diabetic women, 189(54.6%) had GDM and 157(45.4%) had PGDM. From the total DM mothers, 200(57.8%) of the neonates were born by caesarian section, only 39.9% born by spontaneous vaginal delivery, 17.9% were preterm delivery and 26% of pregnancies were end up with induced hypertension. Regarding to fetal outcome, 17.6% were macrocosmic, 9.2% respiratory distress, 10.1% were low birth weight, 10.1% had poor Apgar score at 5th minutes, 2.9% were hypoglycemia 2.6% were still birth, and 65% were admitted to NICU. Neonate born from working mothers were 2.1 times more develop adverse birth outcome than house wife and statistically associated with adverse birth out comes at (P <0 .002) and [OR=95%CI 2.117 (1.315, 3.405). Preterm delivery was significantly associated with adverse birth outcome at [P<0 .0001) [OR=95%CI 9.763(4.560, 20.902)]. Conclusion: Diabetes cause maternal complication and adverse birth outcomes among mothers with diabetes who delivered at Tikur Anbessa specialized hospital. Body mass index and previous history of pregnancy induced hypertension significantly associated with maternal adverse outcome. Preterm delivery and house wife mothers was associated with adverse fetal outcome
Assessment of Client Satisfaction on Quality of Antenatal Care Service Provided to Pregnant Women Attending Defense Hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
(Addis Ababa University, 2011-05) Belay Senait ; Kalku Yemesirach(MSc)
Background Maternal mortality occurs from risks attributable to pregnancy and child birth as well as from poor availability and quality of health services. ANC is the key entry point of a pregnant woman to receive quality health service, broad range of health promotion and preventive services which promote the health of the mother and the baby. The UN millennium Development goal (MDG 52000) aims to reduce the number of women who die in pregnancy and childbirth by three-quarters between 1990 and 2015. Objective- This study aimed on assessing the quality of antenatal care service provision at Defense Hospitals: Addis Ababa and Debrezeit. Methodology- It was a cross sectional qualitative and quantitative study performed on the antenatal care attendees during the study period. Data collection was performed using structured questionnaire and focus group discussion with clients and facility observation checklist. Result- Data on clients’ satisfaction on quality of antenatal care were collected from 403 respondents. Findings indicated overall clients’ satisfaction with respect to indicators of quality care was around 85.6%. The odds of satisfaction of women who got information on danger signs were about five times more than those who did not get the information [AOR (95% CI) 4.883(2.007-11.8800)].The qualitative study identified an imbalance regarding information provision between clients’ expectation and received information and facility observation showed the presence of adequate material and human resource for providing antenatal care. Conclusion– In general this study has revealed majority of the clients’ were satisfied with the service. Information provided to clients during the antenatal checkup was not as expected by the respondents. The facility observation checklist has revealed adequacy of available material and manpower to provide the necessary ANC. Recommendation- The high satisfaction level from the antenatal care service in the health institutions should be sustained. The health care providers should be aware of the importance of meeting women’s information needs during antenatal visits and then be prepared to satisfy them by increasing their consultation time and mechanism of providing similar information to clients should be established and strengthen in both hospitals.
Assessment of client satisfaction with contraceptive counseling and associated factors among women attending family planning clinics in Asella public health institutions, Oromia regional state, 2018
(Addis Ababa University, 2018-06) Tesfaye, Getahun; Deribe, Leul (MSc, BSc)
Background: Family planning (FP) saves lives of women and children and improves the quality of life for all. It is one of the best investments that can be made to ensure the health and well-being of women, children, and communities by decreasing maternal mortality and improves women's health through preventing unwanted and high-risk pregnancies and reducing the need for unsafe abortions. To increase modern contraceptive prevalence rate and decrease discontinuation rate, satisfying clients with contraceptive counseling is crucial. It empowers people to exercise their right to good quality family planning care. Unfortunately, counseling is a deficient process especially in third world countries and sometimes not present at all and can lead to family planning discontinuation, unintended pregnancy and unsafe abortion Objective: To assess client satisfaction with contraceptive counseling and associated factors among women attending family planning clinics in Asella town public health institutions, Ethiopia, 2018 Methods: Facility based cross-sectional study was conducted from February – March, 2018 to assess client satisfaction with contraceptive counseling and associated factors among women attending family planning clinics in Asella public health institutions. Study subjects were selected by using systematic random sampling. Data was collected by questionnaire and entered onto a computer using Epi-info version 3.5.4 statistical program then exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Logistic regression was used to predict the relation between dependent and independent variables. Lastly, significant of statistical association was assured or tested using 95% confidence interval and p value <0.05. Results: This study revealed that 62.8% of the study respondents were satisfied with contraceptive counseling. Multiple logistic regression showed that, being urban in residence (AOR=1.93, 95%CI=1.09, 3.41), Time taken to reach nearby health facility(AOR= 2.18,95%CI=1.06,4.49), Explain side effect (AOR=0.408,95%CI=0.22 0.77),being asked reproductive history (AOR=1.918, 95%CI=1.062, 3.465), Asked worries and concern about the method (AOR= 2.409, 5%CI=1.269, 4.557), Explain side effect(AOR= 0.408,95%CI=0.22,0.77), Use of leaflet(AOR= 0.41,95%CI=0.19,0.86) have shown significant association with client satisfaction with contraceptive counseling. Conclusion and recommendation: This study showed that 62.8% of clients who came for family planning services were satisfied with contraceptive counseling. The findings suggested a need for further large scale studies in Ethiopian setup to analyze the institutional contraceptive counseling situation of as to formulate precise strategies to reduce client dissatisfaction and increase contraceptive prevalence rate
Assessment of Contributing Factors for Late Initiation of Antenatal Care among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic at Public Health Centers in Kambeta Timbaro Zone, South Nation Nationalities People Region, Ethiopia.
(Addis Ababa University, 2012-06) Tekelab Tesefalidet; Berhanu Balcha (MSc)
Background : For all women of reproductive age, especially for pregnant women, utilization of health care services is a key proximate determinant of maternal and infant outcomes, including maternal and infant mortality. It is evident that timely antenatal care is an opportunity to prevent the direct causes of maternal mortalities and reduction of fetal and neonatal deaths related to obstetric complications Objective: To assess factors that contributes for late initiation of antenatal care among pregnant women attending ANC Clinics in public health centers in Kembata Timbaro Zone, SNNPR, Ethiopia. Method: A facility based cross-sectional study with supplement of qualitative study design was carried out to collect data from 401 pregnant women who were attending antenatal care service at five randomly selected governmental health centres in Kembata Timbaro zone. Pretested and structured questionnaire was used to collect the data & data were entered onto a computer using Epi-info 3.5.1 statistical program then exported to SPSS Windows version 16.0 for further analysis. OR & 95% CI was used to measure the associations. Results: This study showed that prevalence of late entry to antenatal care was 68.6%. The mean timing was 5.5 + 1.8 months. Multivariate analysis revealed that Age, maternal education, family income, parity, previous utilization of ANC and type of pregnancy remained significant factors influencing late booking. Conclusion The findings of this study showed that most women book ANC late. This seems to be because antenatal care is viewed primarily as curative rather than preventive in the study population. Public enlightenment, health education coupled with women empowerment would be helpful in reducing the problem. In addition to that research is needed to determine the best approaches for health education programmes to correct the misconceptions about antenatal care.
Assessment of Determinant Factors on Preference and Practice of Modern Contraceptive use Among Women of Reproductive Age Groups at Shire Endaslasie Town, Northern Ethiopia, 2011.
(Addis Ababa University, 2011-06) Tilahun Weyzer; Mengistu Daniel(MSC)
Introduction: A woman’s preferences, practice and tolerance for various methods attribute vary according to the type of relations and other aspects of her life. The discrepancy between fertility preferences and contraceptive practice is regarded as an indicator of unmet demand for family planning. So far, it is explained that there is alarming increase in population. Ethiopia is one of the highest ranking countries in reproductive health risk worldwide with a maternal mortality ratio 673 per 100,000 deliveries. Objective: To assess factors determining preference and practice of modern contraceptive use among women of reproductive age groups at Shire Endaslasie town, Tigray Region, Northern Ethiopia Method: A Community based cross – sectional study designs were employed on 367 sample women of reproductive age groups in Shire Endaslasie town in 2011. Stratified sampling techniques were used to select the study subjects. The sample size has been obtained by a single population proportion formula. Three kebeles were selected randomly from all five kebeles in the town. The required sample size was obtained from the sum of all sample population in each kebeles or stratum using systematic random sampling technique. Kth was calculated from each selected kebeles to get the sample of each stratum. After developing a structured questionnaire, pretest was under taken on 10% of the study subjects one week before data collection i.e. 37 mothers on similar and non-selected community. Data was collected from February 01/2011 to21/2011 February days and 15 voluntary kebele oriented outreach workers and above 10 grade data collectors were assigned after appropriate modification of the questionnaire have been done. Then, data was collected through face to face interview using structured questionnaire. Data-entry, cleaning and statistical analysis was done using Version 16 SPSS soft ware. Prior to the study, approval of ethical clearance was obtained from Addis Ababa University, College of health sciences, Department of Nursing and Midwifery and Mekelle Regional health Bureau. Result: A total of 367 study participants were approached; of these 294 (80.1%) respondent use of MCMs but 73 (19.9%) not use of MCMs. Reason for using MCMs the majority of them 170 (57.8%) for child spacing and 112(38.1%) for preventing unwanted pregnancy. Reason for not using MCMs most respondent don’t have sexual partner at present 25 (34.2%). Conclusion and Recommendation: This study have clearly described that women use MCMs after they had higher number children and less desire to limit family size. It recommended that strong behavioral change intervention targeting the high fertility desire of women and MCMs utilization is needed.
Assessment of Factors Affecting Postnatal Services Utilization Among Reproductive Age Mothers in Funeteselam Town, Jabitehnan Woreda,West Gojjam, Amhara Regional State, Northwest Ethiopia,2013;Community Based Cross-Sectional Stydy,2013.
(Addis Ababa University, 2013-06) Workineh Yinager; Argaw Zeleke (MSc)
Background: Due to low maternal healthcare utilization, many numbers of women die each year within the first hours, days and weeks after childbirth. To avert this, one of the eight Millennium Development Goals called improving maternal health is widely applied through out the world especially in developing countries which have low coverage of maternal services due to several factors. Therefore, the factors at different levels affecting the use of these services need to be clearly understood by assessing factors which affect the utilization of PNC services. Methods: A community based cross sectional study design method was used in Funeteselam town from November to May 2013 by using systematic sampling techniques. Data was first cleaned, edited, coded and entered into computer via epi Info version-3.5.1 and it was analyzed using SPSS version -16, and logistic regression used to assess the association of variables. Result: The woman's own educational status, marietal status, occupation status, obstetric history, plan to utilize PNC services, long waiting time and decision making problem were significantly associated with the utilization of PNC. As a result of such factors especially lack of awareness, and self decision, proportion of women who had received PNC after delivery was (20.2%). Conclusion and recommendations: the findings of this study showed that postnatal care services utilization is low in the study area due to no/little knowledge, being healthy, being busy, long waiting time, far from house, decision making dynamics, and with out reason. This calls service providers, administrative organs, and health-policy makers to design short and long term strategies for awareness-raising programmes and educating the community about the benefit of PNC services for both mothers and infants at grassroots level.
Assessment of Factors Affecting Utilization of Antenatal Care in Dessie Town ,Amhara Region ,Ethiopia.
(Addis Ababa University, 2011-06) Assefa Zenebework; Demissie Asrat(Prof)
Background: Every year, approximately 500,000 women die and some 62 million women suffer from pregnancy and delivery related problems at the height of their productivity and family responsibility. Around 80% of maternal deaths are the result of complication arising during pregnancy, delivery and puerperium. However, most of such deaths can be prevented by proper utilization of maternal health care services provided in health institutions. Objective: The aim of this study is to identify factors influencing the utilization of antenatal carein Dessie Town. Methods: The community based cross sectional study was conducted on the assessment of factor affecting utilization of antenatal care among 682 reproductive age group women in Dessie town,2011. Single population proportion formula had been used to determine the sample size. A multistage sampling technique was employed to select the study subjects. The town has ten kebeles and of these, four kebeles were selected through simple random sampling technique. After obtaining the total number of households from selected kebeles, participants were selected through systematic random sampling technique based on population proportion to size method.Before data collection, pre-test were undertaken on 10% of the total sample size i.e. i.e. 68 mothers on non-selected kebeles in Dessie town to control the quality of data and the restructuring of questionnaire. Then, a face to face interview was carried based on the structured questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed by using Soft ware Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and possible association were made by using Chi-square and P-value. The findings were statistically interpreted and comparison was made with other findings. Result-A total of 682 mothers who gave birth within one year were interviewed among them 630(92.4%) of mothers have used ANC in their previous (last) pregnancy. which showed that there is a high coverage of antenatal care in Dessie town. Associations were sought between ANC service utilization during pregnancy by different socio demographic, obstetric and delivery characteristics. Women having college & university (post secondary) education have used antenatal care 8 times greater compared with women who have no formal education, AOR=8.2(1.1, 65). There was significant association between total number of children & antenatal care that is for each additional child, the probability of having antenatal follow up increased by twice , AOR= 2(1.4, 3.0). Conclusions & Recommendations- In conclusion, this study showed better utilization of antenatal care as compared to the national coverage. Family income, women education, number of children were important determinant factors for ANC. Mothers’ educational level, monthly family income, religion, number of children, showed statistically significance association with antenatal care. Education was found to have an impact on the use of antenatal care services suggests that improving educational opportunity for women may have a large impact on improving utilization of ANC services in the nation.
Assessment of Factors Affecting Utilization of Institutional Delivery Services among Child Bearing Age Women in Hadiyya Zone,SNNPR,Ethiopia.
(Addis Ababa University, 2012-05) Lelago Tadesse; Dessalegn Berhanu(Bsc)
Background: A women‘s health is critical to her own life, and to the well-being of her family and the economy of her community and her country. About 99% of maternal deaths occur in developing countries. Yet, most of these deaths could be avoided, if preventive measures were taken and adequate care was made. Objective: To assess factors affecting utilization of institutional delivery service among child bearing age women in Hadiyya zone SNNPR. Methodology: A cross sectional quantitative study was conducted among women who gave birth with in the last three years preceding the survey in Hadiyya zone, SNNPR. Concerning to sampling procedure a cluster sampling method was used to reach the eligible women in the randomly selected study area. Data was collected by interview administered semi-structured questionnaire by trained HEWs who able to speak local language. Data was entered at Epinfo version 3.4 software and exported to SPSS software version 16 for analyses. Result: A total of 414 women who had given at least one birth in the preceding three years before the survey were interviewed giving response rate of 98.8%. Even though majority of the mothers(86.2%) received ANC, only 24.6% of them delivered at health facilities and the rest (76.4%) delivered at home with the help of relatives or TBAs which revealed gap between ANC and delivery care utilization. The multivariate analysis revealed that women's residences, educational status, age, knowledge of danger signs, ANC frequency, and satisfactory attitude to institutional delivery were the major factors that affect maternal utilization of institutional delivery. Conclusion and recommendation: Findings of this study demonstrated that utilization of institutional delivery care among child bearing age women in Hadiyya zone is low. So promotion of maternal education, antenatal care, information education and communication on obstetric risks and general health service expansion were recommended
Assessment of Health Promotion Practices Among Pregnant Women Attending ANC Services in Public Health Institutions of Shashemene Town ,Oromiya ,Ethiopia,2012.
(Addis Ababa University, 2012-05) Biza Nejimu; Sinishaw Workinesh
Background:-A number of potentially modiﬁable risk factors are known to be associated with poor pregnancy outcomes. Health promotion generates living and working conditions that are safe, stimulating, satisfying and enjoyable. Systematic assessment of health impact of a rapidly changing environment – particularly in areas of technology: These include maternal lifestyle and behavioral factors such as nutrition, physical exercise, family planning, substance use, mental health promotion and domestic violence. Objective:-To assess health promotion practices among pregnant women attending ANC services in public health institutions of Shashemene town, Oromiya, Ethiopia, 2012. Method: An institution based descriptive cross-sectional study design was carried out, and data was collected from systematically selected 295 pregnant women, who are attending ANC service from governmental health institutions of Shashemene town. Result- Almost half (49.8%) of total respondents have encountered deliberate food restrictions; to avoid one or more food items during pregnancy. Age of the women educational status shown significant associations with belief of balanced diet: 0.175 (0.001-3.812) and 57 (1.212-2.682) respectively. (37.8%) of mothers have experienced home delivery and this is significantly associated with delivery place preference of health institution. Surprisingly, mothers with previous institutional deliver were less likely to use health institutions again for current delivery, i.e those mothers with previous institutional delivery were preferred to have home delivery, AOR of 16.971(5.311-54.234) at 95% CI. Knowledge of mothers about PMTCT is relatively high (35.6%). About 88.1% of the study participants drink coffee with the majority (70%) within range of 2-3 cups/day. Substance uses during pregnancy were found to be significantly associated with still birth, having a crud ratio of 3.243 (1.147-9.170) at 95% CI. 7.5% of the respondents reported to have violence during pregnancy times; this Violence was strongly associated with ethnicity, religion, and mental status. Conclusion-Although majority of pregnant women in the study, were practicing different health promotion practices, this study identified a number of individual, demographic, socioeconomic and health promotion related behavioral factors that influence the use of effective health promotion practices for better outcome of pregnancy and child birth. Recommendation- The general recommendation of the study concerned on strengthening actions towards improving health promotion practices. MCH clinics to play a leading role in coordinating this effort and to put in place mechanisms. Other governmental and non-governmental organizations and various public associations, such as Farmers Associations and Women's Associations should also be actively involved in eliminating thesenonscientific harmful beliefs towards pregnant women in terms of nutrition and safe delivery practice. Further studies to explore why some groups to differ in healthy behaviors, should be investigated,
Assessment of intention to use post partum intra uterine contraceptive device and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in ambo town public health institutions, West Shoa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia, 2018.
(Addis Ababa University, 2018-06) Daba, Gurmesa; Tesfaye, Jambare (BSc, MSc)
Background: The maternal mortality tragedy is the issue of both developed and developing countries, especially sub-Saharan Africa including Ethiopia. This is known due to poor quality of maternal health care services. So, family planning especially the use of PPIUCD can tackle unintended pregnancy and maternal death. However, intention to use PPIUCD and use of IUCD in general is not well practiced in Ethiopia according to evidences of different literatures. Due to this reason many mothers are exposed to unintended pregnancy and pregnancy related complications. Objective: Assessing Intention to use Post-Partum Intra uterine contraceptive device and Associated Factors among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinics in Ambo Town Public Health Institutions, Ethiopia, 2018. Methods: Facility based Cross-Sectional study design, was conducted from March – April, 2018 to assess Intention of Pregnant Women about Post-Partum Intra uterine contraceptive device and associated factors on 422 Pregnant Women. Study subjects were selected by using systematic random sampling. Data was collected by 3 BSc midwives recruited from other health facility and supervised by one Assistant Lecturer. Data was collected by questionnaire and entered onto a computer using Epi-info 3.5.4 statistical program then exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Logistic regression model was used to predict Intention of Pregnant Women about Post-Partum Intra uterine contraceptive device and associated factors. Lastly, Significant of statistical association was tested using 95% confidence interval (CI) and p value (<0.05). Result. The response rate was 417 (98.3%). This study showed that 145(34.9%) of pregnant women intended to use PPIUCD. Age of pregnant women [AOR= 8.348(CI: 3.602-19.347], educational level [AOR=3.249(1.057-9.985)], occupational status [AOR=4.101(CI: 1.788-9.405)], monthly income [AOR=3.175(CI: 1.423-7.082)] and knowledge [A0R=5.408(2.994-9.767)] have shown significant association with intention to use PPIUCD. Conclusion and recommendation: The proportion of pregnant mothers who intend to use PPIUCD is low and therefore every effort should be made to organize and implement community based information education and communication on PPIUCD and involving pregnant women in family planning programs is essential.
Assessment of Knowledge and Attitude towards Cervical Cancer and Screening among Female Students at Menlik ll Health Science College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
(Addis Ababa University, 2015-06) Hailu HaileMichael; Gemechu Endalew (prof)
Background:Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women worldwide.About 83% of the cases occur in developing countries, representing 15% of female cancers .InEthiopia, prevalent cancer among women between 15 and 44 years of age with age specificincidence rate of 15.6/1000.Carcinoma of the cervix is a preventable disease; itsprevention, among other ways, is throughscreening and detection of premalignant stages of the disease and treatment. Detection of thecervical cancer however requires knowledge of the disease and cervical cancer screeningprocedure so that people can be aware and positive towards screening but in Ethiopia little hasbeen explored about knowledge and attitude of women towards cervical cancer screening.Objective: To assess knowledge and attitude of Female Students aged >18 years towardsCervical Cancer Screening in Menlik II Health Science College of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia fromMarch 23 to April 30 2015. Methods:A cross-sectional institutional basedstudy was conducted on a sample of 292 FemaleStudents aged>18 years in Menlik II Health Science College of Addis Ababa Ethiopia usingsimple random sampling method .Data on knowledge status of mothers regrinding cervicalcancer screening, attitude of female students towards cervical cancer screening and otherpertinent variableswere collected using self-administered questionnaires .The gathered data wasanalysis the software SPSS version 20. ResultsGenerally the knowledge was poor, attitude was positive to majority of respondents. Theresults showed that 65(22.2%) had poor knowledge, 180(61.4%) had satisfactory knowledge andonly 48(16.4%) had good knowledge. Overall 168(57.7%) of the respondents were positiveabout cervical cancer screening. Conclusions and recommendations:The study has shown that there is a lack of knowledgeoncervical cancer towards screening for premalignant cervical lesion.There is a need to promote cervical cancer screening among women by Informing or teach themon their susceptibility to cervical cancer and encouraging a belief that active and regularscreening can detect cervical cancer at the pre-cancerous stage, hence enabling them earlytreatment and prevention of cancer development. There is also a need for provision of Affordablescreening services all over the country to enable women, after being motivated, to go forscreening.
Assessment of Knowledge and Practice of Midwives towards Care of New Born with ASPHYXIA in Addis Ababa Health Services, Ethiopia.
(Addis Ababa University, 2012-06) Sentayehu Tsedale; Berhane Emebet(BSC)
Background: In resource-rich countries, the incidence of severe perinatal asphyxia (causing death or severe neurological impairment) is about 1/1000 live births. In resource-poor countries, perinatal asphyxia is probably much more common. Data from hospital-based studies in such settings suggest an incidence of 5–10/1000 live births. Knowledge and skill of midwives has a great impact in prevention and management of perinatal asphyxia and decrease neonatal mortality rate. Yet there is no studies were conducted in Ethiopia to assess the knowledge and practice of midwives towards care of new born with asphyxia .Therefore this study was designed to investigate the level of knowledge and identify the resuscitation skill on new born with asphyxia. Objective: Assessment of knowledge and practice of midwives towards care of new born with asphyxia in Addis Ababa health services. Methods: Institutional based cross sectional study was conducted in Addis Ababa health service. There are 265 midwives who work in Addis Ababa health services since the attributes being measured are not distributed normally the entire population was surveyed. Among776 the health services in Addis Ababa 58 have midwives; 6 public, one army, one police and 22 private hospitals, 23 health center and 5 private clinics. All midwives from all institutions was included in the study. Data was collected from 253 midwives at the health service using self administered structured questionnaire. Data collectors were trained on how to use the data collection instrument, approach study participant. Result: On this study 253 midwives were participated .The result of the study showed that the level of knowledge of asphyxia was low. Only 37.5% of midwives attained high overall knowledge score. Statically significant association was found between high knowledge score and service year>21 year (OR=3.17895% CI=1.068, 9.466) p-value 0.038 compared to service year<21 years. Overall practice of midwives scoring favorable practice was 53.4% .the finding revealed Statically significant association between high score practice and age of midwives45-54years of age (OR=8.308 ,95%CI 1.557,44.32)P=.013 and place of work health center (OR=1.895 95%CI 1.o72,3.349)p=.028 when compared to other place work. Conclusion and Recommendation Generally overall knowledge and new born resuscitation practice of midwives were low in Addis Ababa health services. So incorporating and new born resuscitation in continuing education and professional training programs is recommended. Strength and integrate new born resuscitation with routine service through providing training for all midwives.
Assessment of Knowledge and Practice of Women for Birth and Emergency Preparedness in Hawassa City,SNNPR, Ethiopia.
(Addis Ababa University, 2011-05) Tsegaye Meseret; Aga Fikadu (MSN)
A cross-sectional community-based comparative study was conducted to assess knowledge and practices of birth preparedness and complication readiness and factors associated with their practices among women who gave birth in the last 12 months preceding the survey in Hawassa city, SNNPR, Ethiopia. The study was undertaken between October 2010 to April 2011 pre tested structured questionnaire was used to obtain relevant information. Data were obtained from 550 mothers. Including both unprompted and prompted responses, 85.6% of the respondents mentioned identifying place of delivery, 90.4% mentioned saving money, 45.5% mentioned identifying skilled provider and 81.8%mentioned identifying a mode of transportation as elements of birth preparedness. Two hundred twenty two (40.4%) of the respondents reported that they identified place of delivery, saved money and identified a mode of transport ahead of childbirth. In multivariate analysis birth preparedness was higher among literate mothers (OR= 2.41, 95% CI= 1.97,4.37), women who have a good income (OR=3.28, 95% CI= 1.91,5.64), women with history of still birth (OR= 3.37, 95% CI= 1.47,7.75), having ANC follow up (OR= 4.13, 95% CI= 1.33, 12.82)and awareness about BPCR (OR= 8.25,95% CI=4.47,15.22). About 82.2% of the respondents gave birth by a skilled provider. Skilled provider at birth was higher among those who were literate, with better income, first births, those who had ANC follow up and those who were birth prepared. The study identified poor comprehensive knowledge and practices of birth preparedness in general and very poor knowledge on danger signs in particular. Improve the information given during ANC follow up, with special emphasis given to birth preparedness in general and information on obstetric danger sign in particular, community education about birth preparedness, particularly about danger signs, empowerment of women, improving the information given during the ANC follow up with are recommended.
Assessment of Knowledge of Breast Cancer and Screening Methods among Nurses in University Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2011.
(Addis Ababa University, 2011-06) Berhe Semary; Sinishaw Worknish(BSC)
BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide; therefore has become a global health problem. According to the American Cancer Society; about 1.3 million women will be diagnosed with breast cancer annually worldwide and about 465,000 will die from the disease. Breast cancer was considered as a disease of the developed countries but now a day the incidence of breast cancer in the developing countries is rising. In Ethiopia breast cancer is the second most often occurring cancer (cervical cancer is first) among women. Early diagnosis is especially important for breast cancer because the disease responds best to treatment before it has spread. To do this knowing the screening techniques like breast self examination, clinical breast examination and mammography is legitimate. It is therefore important for nurses as educators to have appropriate information and positive attitude toward breast cancer early detection (screening techniques) of breast cancer. Nurses’ knowledge and awareness of breast cancer screening behavior for themselves and would also impact patients’ behavior by increasing their awareness. OBJECTIVE: Assessment of Knowledge of Breast Cancer and Screening methods among Nurses in University Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. METHOD: Descriptive cross-sectional design was used with simple random sampling technique, on sample of 281 nurses at university hospitals of Addis Ababa. Data collection took place on March, 2011 using self administered questionnaire to obtain information such as demographic characteristics, knowledge of breast cancer and screening method. To see the association between the independent and the dependent variable bivariate analysis was made and crude OR correspondence to 95% C.I was calculated. Multivariate analysis was manipulated to see the independent variable effect on the dependent variable and adjusted OR on 95 % C.I and statistical significance at p<0.05. Tables and charts were used for data presentation. RESULTS: the main findings revealed among the 270 nurses, only 156(57.8%) of them were knowledgeable about breast cancer and its screening and 114(42.2%) were not knowledgeable. Knowledge of breast cancer was found to be significantly associated with regular course in nursing, family history of respondents and unit of work. Further inverse association has been made with years of nursing experience and marital status. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION: The results of this study indicate the knowledge of nurses is not satisfying. And highlights the need to improve breast cancer content in the nursing curriculum and undergo more workplace training in the area of breast cancer and screening methods.

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